PROLOGUE A NEW DOOR
The first of these molecules: Hofmann, LSD, My Problem Child, 40–47.
The second molecule: Wasson and Wasson, Mushrooms, Russia, and History, vol. 2.
a fifteen-page account: Wasson, “Seeking the Magic Mushroom.”
LSD scrambled your chromosomes: Cohen, Hirschhorn, and Frosch, “In Vivo and In Vitro Chromosomal Damage Induced by LSD-25.”
In the spring of 2010: Tierney, “Hallucinogens Have Doctors Tuning In Again.”
For a peer-reviewed scientific paper: Griffiths et al., “Psilocybin Can Occasion Mystical-Type Experiences Having Substantial and Sustained Personal Meaning and Spiritual Significance.”
emergency room admissions involving psychedelics: Johansen and Krebs, “Psychedelics Not Linked to Mental Health Problems or Suicidal Behavior.”
nearly a thousand volunteers: Personal correspondence with Matthew W. Johnson, PhD.
the term “psychedelics”: Dyck, Psychedelic Psychiatry, 1–2.
CHAPTER ONE A RENAISSANCE
Entering his second century: Langlitz, Neuropsychedelia, 24–26.
“the only joyous invention”: Hofmann, LSD, My Problem Child, 184–85.
As a young chemist: Ibid., 36–45.
And there it remained for five years: Ibid., 46–47.
Now unfolds the world’s first bad acid trip: Ibid., 48–49.
“My ego was suspended”: Quoted in Nichols, “LSD.”
“everything glistened and sparkled”: Hofmann, LSD, My Problem Child, 51.
“in the edifice of materialist rationality”: Jonathan Ott in translator’s preface to ibid., 25.
“the feeling of co-creatureliness”: Langlitz, Neuropsychedelia, 25–26.
The second watershed event of 2006: Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal.
“major therapeutic possibilities”: Kleber, “Commentary On: Psilocybin Can Occasion Mystical-Type Experiences,” 292.
“hope that this landmark paper”: Schuster, “Commentary On: Psilocybin Can Occasion Mystical-Type Experiences,” 289.
“that, when used appropriately”: Nichols, “Commentary On: Psilocybin Can Occasion Mystical-Type Experiences,” 284.
“free oneself of the bounds”: Wit, “Towards a Science of Spiritual Experience.”
the noetic quality: James, Varieties of Religious Experience, 370.
“Dreams cannot stand this test”: Ibid., 389.
more than a thousand scientific papers: See, for example, Grinspoon and Bakalar, Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered, 192.
a PhD dissertation at Harvard: Walter Pahnke’s thesis, “Drugs and Mysticism: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Psychedelic Drugs and the Mystical Consciousness,” is available in PDF form at http://www.maps.org/images/pdf/books/pahnke/walter_pahnke_drugs_and_mysticism.pdf.
“Until the Good Friday Experiment”: Huston Smith, Huston Smith Reader, 73.
a follow-up study of the Good Friday Experiment: Doblin, “Pahnke’s ‘Good Friday Experiment.’”
a second review: Doblin, “Dr. Leary’s Concord Prison Experiment.”
“would be for psychiatry”: Quoted in Nutt, “Brave New World for Psychology?,” 658.
the first modern trial of psilocybin: Grob et al., “Pilot Study of Psilocybin Treatment for Anxiety in Patients with Advanced-Stage Cancer.”
An internal memo: A cache of declassified CIA files related to Project Artichoke is available at http://www.paperlessarchives.com/FreeTitles/ARTICHOKECIAFiles.pdf.
“my own constitution shuts me out”: James, Varieties of Religious Experience, 369.
“The subject of it immediately says”: Ibid., 370.
“Mystical states seem to those who experience them”: Ibid.
“that deepened sense of the significance”: Ibid., 372.
“and from one recurrence to another”: Ibid., 371.
“The mystic feels as if his own will”: Ibid.
led to lasting changes in their personalities: MacLean et al., “Mystical Experiences Occasioned by the Hallucinogen Psilocybin Lead to Increases in the Personality Domain of Openness.”
“Doctors encounter this strange”: McHugh, review of The Harvard Psychedelic Club, by Don Lattin.
“authoritative over the individuals”: James, Varieties of Religious Experience, 415.
“The existence of mystical states”: Ibid., 419.
“might, in spite of all the perplexity”: Ibid., 420.
“ascend[s] to a more enveloping point of view”: Ibid.
“It is as if the opposites of the world”: Ibid., 378.
a pilot study in smoking cessation: Johnson et al., “Pilot Study of the 5-HT2AR Agonist Psilocybin in the Treatment of Tobacco Addiction.”
CHAPTER TWO NATURAL HISTORY: BEMUSHROOMED
The mycelia in a forest: Simard et al., “Net Transfer of Carbon Between Ectomycorrhizal Tree Species in the Field.”
Humans have been using psilocybin mushrooms: Stamets, Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World, 11.
“Psilocybe mushrooms and civilization”: Ibid., 16.
“Mistakes in mushroom identification can be lethal”: Ibid., 30–32.
“The Stametsian Rule”: Ibid., 53.
had personal knowledge of psychedelic drugs: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 71.
“through the eyes of a happy and gifted child”: Siff, Acid Hype, 93.
Life gave him a generous contract: Ibid., 80.
“description of your own sensations”: Ibid., 73.
a circulation of 5.7 million: Ibid.
“Seeking the Magic Mushroom”: All quotations appear in Wasson, “Seeking the Magic Mushroom.”
“These they ate before dawn”: Wasson and Wasson, Mushrooms, Russia, and History, 223.
“the devil that they worshipped”: Davis, One River, 95.
“an act of superstition condemned”: Siff, Acid Hype, 69.
“carry you there where god is”: Wasson, Hofmann, and Ruck, Road to Eleusis, 33.
On the night of June 29–30, 1955: Wasson, “Seeking the Magic Mushroom.”
“Before Wasson nobody took the mushrooms”: Estrada, María Sabina, 73.
“To find God, Sabina”: Letcher, Shroom, 104.
Person to Person: Siff, Acid Hype, 80.
several other magazines: Ibid., 83.
An exhibition on magic mushrooms: Ibid., 74.
Hofmann isolated and named: Hofmann, LSD, My Problem Child, 128.
“Thirty minutes after my taking”: Ibid., 126.
In 1962, Hofmann joined Wasson: Ibid., 139–52.
“unleash[ing] on lovely Huautla”: Wasson, “Drugs,” 21.
“From the moment the foreigners arrived”: Estrada, María Sabina, 90–91.
you can find him on YouTube: The video, The Stoned Ape Theory, by Terence McKenna, is at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOtLJwK7kdk.
“access to realms of supernatural power”: McKenna, Food of the Gods, 26.
“catalyzed the emergence of human self-reflection”: Ibid., 24.
“brought us out of the animal mind”: See McKenna’s talk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOtLJwK7kdk.
Samorini calls this a “depatterning factor”: Samorini, Animals and Psychedelics, 84–88.
“Nature everywhere speaks to man”: Wulf, Invention of Nature, 54.
“I myself am identical with nature”: Ibid., 128.
“Everything,” Humboldt said, “is interaction and reciprocal”: Ibid., 59.
“Nature always wears the colors”: Emerson, Nature, 14.
another form of consciousness “parted from [us]”: James, Varieties of Religious Experience, 377.
a spiritually “realized being”: Huston Smith, Cleansing the Doors of Perception, 76.
“forbid[s] a premature closing”: James, Varieties of Religious Experience, 378.
CHAPTER THREE HISTORY: THE FIRST WAVE
When the federal authorities: Leary, Flashbacks, 232–42.
Leary was called before a committee: Greenfield, Timothy Leary, 267–72.
“Dreary Senate hearing and courtrooms”: Leary, Flashbacks, 251–52.
“a tantalizing sense of portentousness”: Novak, “LSD Before Leary,” 91.
“enter the illness and see with a madman’s eyes”: Osmond, “On Being Mad.”
In the years following World War II: Dyck, Psychedelic Psychiatry, 17.
the two researchers began to explore: Ibid.
But it was a productive hypothesis: For an excellent overview of how this research contributed to the rise of neurochemistry, see Nichols, “Psychedelics,” 267.
The Saskatchewan Mental Hospital: Weyburn would soon become the world’s most important hub of research into psychedelics. Dyck, Psychedelic Psychiatry, 26–28.
“My 12 Hours as a Madman”: For a discussion of the article, see ibid., 31–33.
Their focus on LSD: Ibid., 40–42.
“seemed so bizarre that we laughed uproariously”: Ibid., 58–59.
“From the first”: Ibid., 59.
Based on this success: Ibid., 71.
they seemed too good to be true: Ibid., 73.
The idea that a drug could occasion: See Novak, “LSD Before Leary,” 97, and the anonymously published “Pass It On,” Kindle location 5372.
Beginning in 1956, Bill W. had several LSD sessions: Eisner, “Remembrances of LSD Therapy Past,” 14, 26–45; Novak, “LSD Before Leary,” 97.
Born in 1910 in New York City: Novak, “LSD Before Leary,” 88–89.
“was taken by surprise”: Ibid., 92.
“the problems and strivings”: Ibid.
Cohen came to think of it: Betty Grover Eisner, draft of “Sidney Cohen, M.D.: A Remembrance,” box 7, folder 3, Betty Grover Eisner Papers, Stanford University Department of Special Collections and University Archives.
“psycholytic” means “mind loosening”: Grinspoon and Bakalar, Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered, 7.
Stanislav Grof, who trained as a psychoanalyst: For a detailed account of this work, see Grof, LSD.
A 1967 review article: Grinspoon and Bakalar, Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered, 208.
Anaïs Nin, Jack Nicholson, Stanley Kubrick: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 62.
the most famous of these patients was Cary Grant: Siff, Acid Hype, 100.
declared himself “born again”: Stevens, Storming Heaven, 64.
“All the sadness and vanities”: Siff, Acid Hype, 100.
“I’m no longer lonely”: Ibid.
“Young women have never before”: Novak, “LSD Before Leary,” 103.
a surge in demand for LSD therapy: Ibid.
“LSD became for us an intellectual fun drug”: Ibid., 99.
Cohen was made uncomfortable: Ibid., 99–101.
He remained deeply ambivalent: Ibid., 100.
“under LSD the fondest theories”: Cohen, Beyond Within, 182.
“any explanation of the patient’s problems”: Ibid.
“therapy by self-transcendence”: Cohen, “LSD and the Anguish of Dying,” 71.
“relish the possibility”: Dyck, Psychedelic Psychiatry, 1.
“It was without question”: Huxley, Moksha, 42.
“the folds of my gray flannel trousers”: Huxley, Doors of Perception, 33.
“what Adam had seen on the morning”: Ibid., 17.
“Words like ‘grace’ and ‘transfiguration’”: Ibid., 18.
“a measly trickle”: Ibid., 23.
“shining with their own inner light”: Ibid., 17.
a common core of mystical experience: Huxley, Perennial Philosophy.
“99 percent Aldous Huxley”: Novak, “LSD Before Leary,” 93.
“It will give that elixir a bad name”: Ibid., 95.
Clearly a new name for this class: Dyck, Psychedelic Psychiatry, 1–2.
“had no particular connotation of madness”: Ibid., 2.
“uncontaminated by other associations”: Osmond, “Review of the Clinical Effects of Psychotomimetic Agents,” 429.
The goal was to create the conditions: Grinspoon and Bakalar, Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered, 194–95.
his FBI file: Hubbard’s FBI file is available at the Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/AlHubbard.
the best account we have of his life: Fahey, “Original Captain Trips.”
the trail of Hubbard’s life: These facts, and their contradictions, are drawn from Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, and Fahey, “Original Captain Trips.”
We know the government kept close tabs: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 45.
“It was the deepest mystical thing”: Ibid.
“a catalytic agent”: Ibid., 52.
“if he could give the psychedelic experience”: Fahey, “Original Captain Trips.”
“convinced that [Al Hubbard] was the man”: Ibid.
Osmond abandoned the psychotomimetic model: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 54.
Hubbard was the first researcher to grasp: Dyck, Psychedelic Psychiatry, 93.
“He said, ‘Now hate them’”: R.C., “B.C.’s Acid Flashback.”
“We waited for him like the little old lady”: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 51.
impressive rates of success: Stevens, Storming Heaven, 175.
“The CIA work stinks”: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 52.
“I tried to tell them how to use it”: Ibid.
“What came through the closed door”: Stevens, Storming Heaven, 56.
“What Babes in the Woods”: Ibid., 54.
“who, having once come to the realization”: Ibid., 57.
Commission for the Study of Creative Imagination: Eisner, “Remembrances of LSD Therapy Past,” 10.
“Explorers have not always been the most scientific”: Ibid., 57.
“My regard for science”: Dyck, Psychedelic Psychiatry, 97–98.
Steve Jobs often told people: Markoff, What the Dormouse Said, xix.
“He’d be a broader guy”: Isaacson, Steve Jobs, 172–73.
“That was a remarkable opening”: Goldsmith, “Conversation with George Greer and Myron Stolaroff.”
“After that first LSD experience”: Fahey, “Original Captain Trips.”
“The greatest thing in the world”: Markoff, What the Dormouse Said, 58.
Seventy-eight percent of clients: Stevens, Storming Heaven, 178.
“We were amazed”: Fadiman, Psychedelic Explorer’s Guide, 185.
“Our investigations of some of the current social movements”: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 198.
“to provide the [LSD] experience”: Fahey, “Original Captain Trips.”
“Al never did anything resembling security work”: Ibid.
his first shattering experience: Leary, Flashbacks, 29–33.
“In four hours by the swimming pool”: Ibid., 33.
Listen! Wake up! You are God!: Leary, High Priest, 285.
Experimental Expansion of Consciousness: This course description is in the New York Public Library’s collection of Leary’s papers. http://archives.nypl.org/mss/18400#detailed.
“We were on our own”: Stevens, Storming Heaven, 135.
Leary reported eye-popping results: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 75.
Rick Doblin at MAPS meticulously reconstructed: Doblin, “Dr. Leary’s Concord Prison Experiment.”
“it was the sort of research”: Cohen, Beyond Within, 224.
“If we learned one thing”: Lattin, Harvard Psychedelic Club, 74.
“We were thinking far-out history thoughts”: Leary et al., Neuropolitics, 3.
“We’re going to teach people”: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 77.
“Psychedelic drugs opened to mass tourism”: Grinspoon and Bakalar, Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered, 86.
A 1961 memo from David McClelland: “Some Social Reactions to the Psilocybin Research Project,” Oct. 8, 1961.
“analyz[e] your data objectively”: Memo from McClelland to Metzner, Dec. 19, 1962.
“I wish I could treat this”: Lattin, Harvard Psychedelic Club, 89.
The next day’s Crimson: Robert Ellis Smith, “Psychologists Disagree on Psilocybin Research.”
“Hallucination Drug Fought at Harvard”: Lattin, Harvard Psychedelic Club, 91.
“Psychedelic drugs cause panic”: Grinspoon and Bakalar, Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered, 66.
“these materials are too powerful”: Leary and Alpert, “Letter from Alpert, Leary.”
“For the first time in American history”: Ibid.
“We’re through playing the science game”: Stevens, Storming Heaven, 189.
“had talked such nonsense”: Ibid., 190.
“powerful chemicals [as] harmless toys”: Eisner, “Remembrances of LSD Therapy Past,” 145.
Osmond tried once again to coin a new one: Dyck, Psychedelic Psychiatry, 132.
“You must face these objections”: Ibid., 108.
“wreak havoc on all of us”: Stevens, Storming Heaven, 191.
Leary was happy to state it: Leary, High Priest, 132.
“He blew in with that uniform”: Fahey, “Original Captain Trips.”
“I liked Tim when we first met”: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 88.
“Al got greatly preoccupied”: Fahey, “Original Captain Trips.”
“I suppose there is little hope”: Stevens, Storming Heaven, 191.
“using hallucinogens for seductions”: Weil, “Strange Case of the Harvard Drug Scandal.”
“Yes, sir, I did”: Lattin, Harvard Psychedelic Club, 94.
Alpert and Leary appear to be: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams.
“an undergraduate group”: Weil, “Strange Case of the Harvard Drug Scandal.”
“given to him” by Marshall McLuhan: Strauss, Everyone Loves You When You’re Dead, location 352.
“The kids who take LSD”: This quotation appears in a video made by Retro Report, available here: https://www.retroreport.org/video/the-long-strange-trip-of-lsd/.
With Ken Kesey, the CIA had turned on: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 124.
“by blurring the boundaries”: Grob, “Psychiatric Research with Hallucinogens.”
“the drugs to themselves”: Grinker, “Lysergic Acid Diethylamide.”
“rendering their conclusions biased”: Grinker, “Bootlegged Ecstasy.”
“aura of magic”: Cole and Katz, “Psychotomimetic Drugs,” 758.
“the transcendental into psychiatry”: Eisner, “Remembrances of LSD Therapy Past,” 112.
But when the study was later discredited: Presti and Beck, “Strychnine and Other Enduring Myths,” 130–31.
For his first study: Cohen, “Lysergic Acid Diethylamide.”
“the dangers of suicide”: Cohen and Ditman, “Complications Associated with Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25),” 162.
In another paper published: Cohen and Ditman, “Prolonged Adverse Reactions to Lysergic Acid Diethylamide.”
A fourth article: Cohen, “Classification of LSD Complications.”
feverish cover story: Moore and Schiller, “Exploding Threat of the Mind Drug That Got out of Control.”
“LSD has been your Frankenstein”: Novak, “LSD Before Leary,” 109.
“Why if [these projects] were worthwhile”: Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 93.
“four men lay, their minds literally expanding”: Fadiman, Psychedelic Explorer’s Guide, 186.
Someone made a videotape of the event: And it’s available on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjylxvQqm0U.
he’s traveled from Casa Grande: Fahey, “Original Captain Trips.”
CHAPTER FOUR TRAVELOGUE: JOURNEYING UNDERGROUND
there are three things human beings are afraid of: Quoted in Epstein, Thoughts Without a Thinker, 119.
three thousand patients and trained 150 guides: Stolaroff, Secret Chief Revealed, 28, 59.
“laid the Torah across my chest”: Ibid., 36.
“Many times I’d be in much agony”: Ibid., 61.
“Just leave ’em alone!”: Ibid., 50.
surveying their musical practices: Barrett et al., “Qualitative and Quantitative Features of Music Reported to Support Peak Mystical Experiences During Psychedelic Therapy Sessions.”
“forms of consciousness entirely different”: James, Varieties of Religious Experience, 377.
“For the moment that interfering neurotic”: Huxley, Doors of Perception, 53.
“the totality of the awareness belonging to Mind at Large”: Ibid., 24.
“of being overwhelmed, of disintegrating”: Ibid., 55.
“If one always saw like this”: Ibid., 34–35.
“Standing on the bare ground”: Emerson, Nature, 13.
“Swiftly arose and spread around me”: Whitman, Leaves of Grass, 29.
“All at once, as it were out of the intensity”: Tennysons, “Luminous Sleep.”
“I saw that the universe”: Quoted in James, Varieties of Religious Experience, 391.
CHAPTER FIVE NEUROSCIENCE: YOUR BRAIN ON PSYCHEDELICS
One candidate for that chemical: For more detail, see David Nichols’s talk “DMT and the Pineal Gland: Facts vs. Fantasy,” available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeeqHUiC8Io.
psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin work: Vollenweider et al., “Psilocybin Induces Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis in Humans via a Serotonin-2 Agonist Action.”
“there is nothing of which we are more certain”: Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, 12.
The classic thought experiment: Nagel, “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?”
consciousness may pervade the universe: Frank, “Minding Matter.”
a landmark paper: Raichle et al., “Default Mode of Brain Function.”
“Chaos is averted”: Raichle, “Brain’s Dark Energy.”
It also lights up when we receive “likes”: Brewer, Craving Mind, 46.
In an often-cited paper: Killingsworth and Gilbert, “Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind.”
Shortly after Carhart-Harris published: Carhart-Harris et al., “Neural Correlates of the Psychedelic State as Determined by fMRI Studies with Psilocybin.”
The bee perceives a substantially different spectrum: Srinivasan, “Honey Bees as a Model for Vision, Perception, and Cognition”; Dyer et al., “Seeing in Colour.”
the sense that allows bees to register: Sutton et al., “Mechanosensory Hairs in Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) Detect Weak Electric Fields.”
a dimension of music that conveys emotion: Kaelen, “Psychological and Human Brain Effects of Music in Combination with Psychedelic Drugs.”
“serves to promote realism”: Carhart-Harris et al., “Entropic Brain.”
“Distinct networks became less distinct”: Carhart-Harris, Kaelen, and Nutt, “How Do Hallucinogens Work on the Brain?”
the usual lines of communications: Petri et al., “Homological Scaffolds of Brain Functional Networks.”
her superb book: Gopnik, Philosophical Baby.
“Adults have congealed in their beliefs”: Lucas et al., “When Children Are Better (or at Least More Open-Minded) Learners Than Adults.”
CHAPTER SIX THE TRIP TREATMENT: PSYCHEDELICS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY
“For me that is not a medical concept”: Kupferschmidt, “High Hopes,” 23.
“If we are to develop optimal research designs”: Grob, “Psychiatric Research with Hallucinogens.”
only about half of the people who take their lives: Beacon Health Options, “We Need to Talk About Suicide,” 10.
“psychiatry has gone from being brainless”: Solomon, Noonday Demon, 102.
“alter[] the experience of dying”: Cohen, “LSD and the Anguish of Dying.”
“of cosmic unity”: Richards et al., “LSD-Assisted Psychotherapy and the Human Encounter with Death.”
“I am the luckiest man on earth”: Grob, Bossis, and Griffiths, “Use of the Classic Hallucinogen Psilocybin for Treatment of Existential Distress Associated with Cancer,” 303.
In December 2016, a front-page story: Hoffman, “Dose of a Hallucinogen from a ‘Magic Mushroom,’ and Then Lasting Peace.”
In a follow-up study to the NYU trial: Belser et al., “Patient Experiences of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.”
“is to make your interests gradually wider”: Bertrand Russell, “How to Grow Old.”
“And suddenly I realized that the molecules”: Hertzberg, “Moon Shots (3 of 3).”
80 percent of the volunteers were confirmed as abstinent: Johnson et al., “Pilot Study of the 5-HT2AR Agonist Psilocybin in the Treatment of Tobacco Addiction.”
This suggests that the ability: Personal communication with the neuroscientist Draulio Araujo.
The record was a complete muddle: Krebs and Johansen, “Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) for Alcoholism.”
“Given the evidence for a beneficial effect”: Ibid.
a 2015 pilot study: Bogenschutz et al., “Psilocybin-Assisted Treatment for Alcohol Dependence.”
volunteers spent a minute looking: Piff et al., “Awe, the Small Self, and Prosocial Behavior.”
the after-awe self-portraits: Bai et al., “Awe, the Diminished Self, and Collective Engagement.”
researchers gave psilocybin to six men: Carhart-Harris et al., “Psilocybin with Psychological Support for Treatment-Resistant Depression.”
Watts’s interviews uncovered two “master” themes: Watts et al., “Patients’ Accounts of Increased ‘Connectedness’ and ‘Acceptance’ After Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant Depression.”
“It was like a holiday”: Ibid.
“The sheen and shine that life and existence”: For Rouiller’s full account, see http://inandthrough.blogspot.com/2016/08/psilocybin-trial-diary-one-year-on.html.
obsessive-compulsive disorder: Moreno et al., “Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Psilocybin in 9 Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.”
“Depression is a response to past loss”: Solomon, Noonday Demon, 65.
“What started as a pleasure becomes a need”: Kessler, Capture, 8–9.
psychedelics enhance neuroplasticity: Vollenweider and Kometer, “Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs.”
In a college commencement address: Reproduced, in part, at Brain Pickings: https://www.brainpickings.org/2012/09/12/this-is-water-david-foster-wallace/.
“how we relate to our thoughts and feelings”: Brewer, Craving Mind, 115.
EPILOGUE IN PRAISE OF NEURAL DIVERSITY
“We are not the counterculture”: Schwartz, “Molly at the Marriott.”
mentioned the plenary panel: A video of the talk is at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oZ_v3QFQDE.
a videotaped interview with Ram Dass: Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhlTrDIOcrQ&feature=share.