CHAPTER I
1. Sédillot, René, L’Histoire n’a pas de sens.
2. Durant, Our Oriental Heritage, 12.
3. Age of Faith, 979.
4. Sédillot, 167.
5. The Reformation, viii.
6. The Age of Reason Begins, 267.
CHAPTER II
7. Pascal, Pensées, No. 347.
8. Plato, Phaedo, No. 109.
9. Caesar and Christ, 193, 223,666.
CHAPTER IV
10. Gobineau, Inequality of Human Races, XV, 210.
11. Ibid., 211.
12. Ibid., 36–7.
13. In Todd, A. J., Theories of Social Progress, 276.
14. See Our Oriental Heritage, 934–38.
CHAPTER VI
15. Caesar and Christ, 211.
16. The Renaissance, 576.
17. Our Oriental Heritage, 275.
18. The Reformation, 761.
19. The Age of Reason Begins, 394.
20. The Age of Voltaire, 64.
21. Our Oriental Heritage, 265.
22. The Reformation, 763.
23. The Age of Voltaire, 487.
24. Gibbon, Edward, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, I, 314.
CHAPTER VII
25. Caesar and Christ, 296–97.
26. The Age of Faith, 525–26.
27. Plato, Laivs, No. 948.
28. Our Oriental Heritage, 205–13.
29. Ibid., 416–19,434, 504.
30. Renan, The Apostles, xxxiii.
31. Lemaître, Jean Jacques Rousseau, 9.
32. Durant, The Mansions of Philosophy, 568.
CHAPTER VIII
33. The Reformation, 752.
34. The Age of Louis XIV, 720.
35. Plutarch, Life of Solon.
36. The Life of Greece, 112–18.
37. Plutarch, Tiberius Gracchus.
38. Caesar and Christ, 111–22, 14244,180–208.
CHAPTER IX
39. Encyclopaedia Britannica, II, 962b.
40. Our Oriental Heritage, 231. We have revised the date there given for Hammurabi.
41. The Life of Greece, 587–92.
42. Paul-Louis, Ancient Rome at Work, 283–85.
43. Caesar and Christ, 641 f.
44. Szuma Ch’ien in Granet, Marcel, Chinese Civilization, 113.
45. Ibid.
46. Our Oriental Heritage, 700f. The dates there given are being revised for a new edition.
47. Gowen and Hall, Outline History of China, 142.
48. In Carter, Thomas, The Invention of Printing in China and Its Spread Westward, 183.
49. Our Oriental Heritage, 724–26.
50. The Age of Reason Begins, 249–51
51. Kautsky, Karl, Communism in Central Europe in the Time of the Reformation, 121, 130.
52. The Reformation, 383, 391, 398–401.
CHAPTER X
53. Renan, Marc Aurele, 479.
54. Gibbon, Decline and Fall, 1,31.
55. Gomme, A. W., The Population of Athens in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C., 21, 26, 47; Life of Greece, 254.
56. Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, iii 10; Life of Greece, 284.
57. Plato, The Republic, Nos. 56064.
58. lbid, No. 422.
59. Aristotle, Politics, No. 1310.
60. Isocrates, Works, “Archidamus,” No. 67.
61. This paragraph has been copied from The Life of Greece, 46466.
62. Caesar and Christ, 128–30.
63. Ibid.
CHAPTER XI
64. Our Oriental Heritage, 446.
65. Caesar and Christ, 218.
66. In Seebohm, The Age of Johnson, xiii.
CHAPTER XII
67. Our Oriental Heritage, I.
68. See The Mansions of Philosophy, 355; Toynbee, A Study of History, IV, 27f.
69. Quoted from Bazard’s Exposition de la doctrine Saint-Simonienne, in Toynbee, I, 199.
70. Spengler, Decline of the West, 1 353, 90, 38.
71. This is the initial theory of Toynbee’s Study of History, I, 271f.
CHAPTER XIII
72. This section appropriates some passages from an essay on the same subject in The Mansions of Philosophy.
73. Anon, in Bagehot, Physics and Politics, 110.
74. Ecclesiastes, i, 18.
75. Lane, Edward, Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians, II, 66.
76. Our Oriental Heritage, 237.
77. Todd, Theories of Social Progress, 135.
78. Siegfried, André, America Comes of Age, 176.
79. Rousseau and Revolution, Ch. II, Sec. iii, William Coxe, History of the House of Austria, III, 379.