| AAC2 |
Larry V. Clark and Paul Alexander Draghi (eds), Aspects of Altaic Civilization II: Proceedings of the XVIII PIAC, June 29–July 5, 1975 (Bloomington, 1978). |
| AAC3 |
Denis Sinor (ed.), Aspects of Altaic Civilization III (Bloomington, IN, 1990). |
| AEMA |
Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi |
| AOASH |
Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae |
| AOH |
Acta Orientalia Hungarica |
| BEFEO |
Bulletin de l’école française d’extrême-orient |
| BLGK |
Linda Komaroff (ed.), Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan (Leiden, 2006). |
| BSOAS |
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |
| CAJ |
Central Asiatic Journal |
| CAS |
Central Asian Survey |
| CDMP |
Jurgen Tubach, Sophia G. Vashalomidze and Manfred Zimmer (eds), Caucasus during the Mongol Period – Der Kaukasus in der Mongolenzeit (Wiesbaden, 2012). |
| CEMA |
Istvan Zimonyi and Osman Karatay (eds), Central Eurasia in the Middle Ages: Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden (Wiesbaden, 2016) |
| CHCAR |
The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 6, Alien Regimes and Border States 907–1368 |
| CHCSD |
The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 5, The Sung Dynasty and its Precursors, 907–1279. |
| CHEIA |
The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia |
| CHI |
The Cambridge History of Iran |
| CHIA |
The Cambridge History of Inner Asia |
| CHT |
The Cambridge History of Turkey |
| CHW |
The Cambridge History of the World |
| CMRS |
Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique |
| EI 2 |
Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd edition |
| EI 3 |
Encyclopedia of Islam, 3rd edition |
| EM |
Études Mongole |
| EMLCH |
Volker Rybatzki, Alessandra Pozzi, Peter W. Geier and John R. Krueger (eds), The Early Mongols, Language, Culture and History (Bloomington, 2009) |
| EMME |
Christopher P. Atwood, Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire (New York, 2004). |
| HJAS |
Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies |
| HMEIR |
Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review |
| HUS |
Harvard Ukrainian Studies |
| IA |
Inner Asia |
| IHR |
The International History Review |
| IJMES |
International Journal of Middle East Studies |
| ITSOTK |
In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period |
| JAH |
Journal of Asian History |
| JAOS |
Journal of the American Oriental Society |
| JESHO |
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |
| JNES |
Journal of Near East Studies |
| JRAS |
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |
| JSAH |
Journal of Southeast Asian History |
| JSAI |
Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam |
| JSYS |
Journal of Song-Yuan Studies |
| JTS |
Journal of Turkish Studies |
| LGK |
Linda Komaroff and Stefano Carboni (eds), The Legacy of Genghis Khan (New York, 2003) |
| MEL |
Reuven Amitai-Preiss and David O. Morgan (eds), The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy (Leiden, 2001). |
| MME |
Bruno De Nicola and Charles Melville (eds), The Mongol’s Middle East: Continuity and Transformation in Ilkhanid Iran (Leiden, 2016). |
| MS |
Mongolian Studies, the journal of the Mongolia Society |
| MTO |
Reuven Amitai and Michal Biran (eds), Mongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World (Leiden, 2005) |
| NCHI |
The New Cambridge History of Islam |
| PFEH |
Papers on Far Eastern History |
| RHC |
Recueil des historiens des croisades |
| SOM |
Henry G. Schwarz (ed.), Studies on Mongolia: Proceedings of the First North American Conference on |
| |
Mongolian Studies (Bellingham, WA, 1978) |
| TIWBME |
James Muldoon (ed.), Travellers, Intellectuals, and the World Beyond Medieval Europe (Burlington, VT, 2010) |
| TP |
T’oung Pao |
| UAJ |
Ural Altaische Jahrbucher |
| WHC |
World History Connected |
| WIAH |
Nicola Di Cosmo (ed.), Warfare in Inner Asian History (500–1800) (Leiden, 2002) |
| Abu Shamah |
Abu Shamah, Shihab al-Din  Abd al-Rahman ibn Isma’il al-Shafi, Tarajim rijal, al-qarnayn alsadis wa’l-sabi al-ma’ruf bi-dhayl al-rawdatayn, ed. Muhammad Kawthari (Cairo, 1947). |
| Benedict |
Benedictus Polonus, ‘Relatio Fr. Benedicti Poloni’, in P. Anastasius Van Den Wyngaert, Sinica Franciscana: Itinera et Relationes Fratrum Minorum Saeculi XIII et XIV (Florence, 1929), 131–43. |
| Benedict/Dawson |
Benedict the Pole, ‘The Narrative of Brother Benedict the Pole’, trans. Christopher Dawson, in Christopher Dawson, Mission to Asia (Toronto, 1980), 77–84. |
| BH1 |
Bar Hebraeus, The Chronography of Gregory Abu’l-Faraj, 2 vols, trans. Ernest A. Wallis Budge (Amsterdam, 1932). |
| BH2 |
Bar Hebraeus, The Chronography of Gregory Abu’l Faraj, 2 vols, trans. Ernest A. Wallis Budge (Piscataway, NJ, 2003). |
| Bridia |
Bridia, C. de, The Tatar Relation, trans. George D. Painter, pp. 54–101, in R. A. Skelton, Thomas E. Marston and George D. Painter (eds), The Vinland Map and the Tatar Relation (New Haven, 1965). |
| CM |
Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, 7 vols, ed. Henry Richards Luard (Cambridge, 2012). |
| Dhahabi |
Al-Dhahabi, Kitab Duwal al-Islam (Les Dynasties de L’Islam), trans. Arlette Negre (Damascus, 1979). |
| Dughlat/Thackston |
Dughlat, Mirza Haydar, Tarikh-i-Rashidi: A History of the Khans of Moghulistan (Books 1 and 2), trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (London, 2012). |
| EL |
Ermonlinskaia Letopis’, A. I. Tsepkov (ed.) (Riazan’, 2000). |
| Grigor of Akanc |
Grigor of Akanc, ‘The History of the Nation of the Archers by Grigor of Akanc’, ed. and trans. R. P. Blake and R. N. Frye, HJAS 12 (1949), 269–399. |
| GVC |
Perfecky, George A. (ed. and trans.), The Hypatian Codex II: The Galician-Volynian Chronicle (München, 1973). |
| Hadid |
al-Hadid, Abd al-Hamid ibn Hibat Allah Ibn Abi. Sharh Nahi al Balaghah (Beirut, 1963). |
| Hetoum |
Hetoum, A Lytell Cronycle, trans. Richard Pynson, ed. Glenn Burger (Toronto, 1988). |
| He’tum |
Het’um, ‘The Journey of Het’um I, King of Little Armenia to the Court of the Great Khan Mongke’, trans. John A. Boyle, CAJ 9 (1964), 175–89. |
| Historia de Morbo |
Mussis, Gabriele de, ‘Historia de Morbo’, in Rosemary Horrox (ed. and trans.), The Black Death (Manchester, 1994). |
| IB1 |
Ibn Battuta, Rihala Ibn Battuta (Beirut, 1995). |
| IB2 |
Ibn Battutah, The Travels of Ibn Battutah, trans. H. A. R. Gibb, ed. Tim Mackintosh-Smith (London, 2002). |
| Ibn al-Athir |
Ibn Al-Athir, Al Kamil fi al-Ta’rikh, Vol. XII (Beirut, 1979). |
| Ibn al-Athir/Richards |
Ibn al-Athir, The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the Crusading Period from al-Kamil fi’l-ta’rikh, pt. 3: The Years 589–629/1193–1231: The Ayyubids after Saladin and the Mongol Menace, trans. D. S. Richards (Burlington, VT, 2008). |
| IL |
Ipat’evskaia Letopis’, ed. A. I. Tsepkov, Russkie Letopisi, Vol. 1 (Riazan’, 2001). |
| JPC |
Plano Carpini, Iohannes de, ‘Ystoria Mongalorum’, in P. Anastasius Van Den Wyngaert, Sinica Franciscana: Itinera et Relationes Fratrum Minorum Saeculi XIII et XIV (Florence, 1929), 27–130. |
| JPC/Dawson |
Plano Carpini, John of, ‘History of the Mongols’, trans. A Nun of Stanbrook Abbey, in Christopher Dawson, Mission to Asia (Toronto, 1980), 3–72. |
| Juvaini/Boyle |
Juvaini, Ala-ad-Din Ata-Malik, The History of the World-Conqueror, trans. J. A. Boyle (Seattle, 1997). |
| Juwayni/Qazvini |
Juwayni, Ala-ad-Din Ata-Malik, Ta’rikh-i-Jahan-Gusha, 3 vols, ed. Mirza Muhammad Qazvini (Leiden, 1912–37). |
| Juzjani/Habibi |
Juzjani, Minhaj Siraj, Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, ed. A. H. Habibi, Vol. 2 (Kabul, 1964–5). |
| Juzjani/Raverty |
Juzjani, Minhaj Siraj, Tabakat-i-Nasiri (a History of the Muhammedan Dynasties of Asia), trans. Major H. G. Raverty (Kolkata, 2010). |
| KDRH |
Peter B. Golden (ed.), The King’s Dictionary The Rasulid Hexaglot, trans. Tibor Halasi-Kun, Peter B. Golden, Louis Ligeti and Edmund Schutz (Leiden, 2000). |
| Khwandamir |
Khwandamir, Habibu’s-Siyar: The History of the Mongols and Genghis Khan, trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (London: I. B. Tauris, 2012). |
| Kiracos |
Kiracos de Gantzac, ‘Histoire d’Armenie’, in M. Brousset (trans.), Deux Historiens Arméniens: Kiracos de Gantzax, XIII S., ‘Histoire d’Arménie’; Oukhtanès D’Ourha, X S., ‘Histoire en trois parties’ (St Petersburg, 1870). |
| Kirakos |
Kirakos Gaandzakets’i, History of the Armenians, trans. Robert Bedrosian, http://rbedrosian.com/kgtoc.html. |
| LOE |
Malcolm Barber and Keith Bates (eds and trans.), Letters from the East: Crusaders, Pilgrims and Settlers in the 12th–13th Centuries (Burlington, VT, 2010). |
| LPLS |
Letopis’ Po Lavrentievskomu Spisku (St Petersburg, 1872). |
| Maqrizi |
Al-Maqrizi, Ahamd Ibn Ali, Kitab al-Suluk li M’arifat fi Dul al-Muluk, Ziyardah Muhammad Mustafi (ed.) (Cairo, 1956). |
| Maqrizi/Quatremere |
Al-Maqrizi, Ahmad Ibn Ali. Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks de L’Egypte, trans. Etienne Quatremere (Paris, 1837, 1845). |
| Master Roger |
Master Roger, ‘Epistola in miserabile carmen super destructione Regni Hungarie per tartaros facta’, trans. Janos M. Bak and Martin Rady, in Janos M. Bak, Martyn Rady and Laszlo Veszpremy (eds), Anonymous and Master Roger (Budapest, 2010), 132–227. |
| Matthew Paris |
Matthew Paris, English History, 3 vols, trans. J. A. Giles (New York, 1968). |
| MDBL |
Zhao Hong, Meng-Da Bei-Lu (Polnoe opisanie Mongolo-Tatar), trans. N. Ts. Munkueva (Moscow, 1975). |
| MP1 |
Polo, Marco, The Travels of Marco Polo, trans. Henry Yule and Henri Cordier, ed. Morris Rosabi (New York, 2012). |
| MP/Cliff |
Polo, Marco, The Travels, trans. Nigel Cliff (New York, 2015). |
| MP/Latham |
Polo, Marco, The Travels, trans. R. E. Latham (New York, 1958). |
| MP/Marsden |
Polo, Marco, The Travels of Marco Polo, trans. William Marsden (New York, 2001). |
| MP/YC |
Polo, Marco, The Travels, trans. Henry Yule and Henri Cordier (New York, 1993). |
| Nasawi |
Al-Nasawi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Sirah al-Sultan Jalal al-Din Mankubirti (Cairo, 1953). |
| Nasawi/Houdas |
En-Nesawi, Mohammed, Histoire du Sultan Djelal ed-din Mankobirti, trans. O. Houdas (Paris, 1895). |
| Nikon |
Zenkovsky, Serge A. (ed.), The Nikonian Chronicle, 5 vols, trans. Serge A. and Betty Jean Zenkovsky (Princeton, 1986). |
| Novgorod |
Michell, Robert and Nevill Forbes (eds and trans.), The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016–1471 (London, 1914). |
| Nuwayri |
Al-Nuwayri, Ahmad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. Nihayat al-Arab Fi Funun al-Adab, ed. Sa’id Ashur. Cairo: Al-hayat al Misriyyat al-ammat lil-kitab, 1975. |
| Odoric |
B. Odoricus de Portu Naonis, ‘Relatio de B. Odoricus de Portu Naonis’, in P. Anastasius Van Den Wyngaert, Sinica Franciscana: Itinera et Relationes Fratrum Minorum Saeculi XIII et XIV (Florence, 1929), 381–495. |
| Odoric/Yule |
Odoric of Pordenone, The Travels of Friar Odoric, trans. Henry Yule (Grand Rapids, MI, 2002). |
| RD/Karimi |
Rashid al-Din, Jami’al-tawarikh, ed. B. Karimi (Tehran, 1983). |
| RD/Thackston1 |
Rashiduddin Fazlullah, The Compendium of Chronicles, trans. W. M. Thackston (Cambridge, MA, 1998). |
| RD/Thackston2 |
Rashiduddin Fazlullah, Jami’u’t-Tawarikh: Compendium of Chronicles, Vol. 3, Classical Writings of the Medieval Islamic World: Persian Histories of the Mongol Dynasties, trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (London, 2012). |
| RS |
Rabban Sawma, The Monks of Kublai Khan, Emperor of China: Medieval Travels from China through Central Asia to Persia and Beyond, trans. E. A. Wallis Budge, new introd. by David Morgan (London, 2014). |
| Rubruc |
Rubruc, Guillelmus de, ‘Itinerarium Willelmi de Rubruc’, in P. Anastasius Van Den Wyngaert, Sinica Franciscana: Itinera et Relationes Fratrum Minorum Saeculi XIII et XIV (Florence, 1929), 145–332. |
| Rubruck/Dawson |
Rubruck, William of, ‘The Journey of William of Rubruck’, trans. A Nun of Stanbrook Abbey, in Christopher Dawson (ed.), Mission to Asia (Toronto, 1980), 89–220. |
| Rubruck/Jackson |
Rubruck, William of, The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck, trans. Peter Jackson (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2009). |
| SHM |
Rachewiltz, Igor de (trans.), The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century, 3 vols (Leiden, 2004 and 2013). |
| SWQZL |
‘Shengwu Qinzheng Lu (Bogda Bagatur Bey-e-Ber Tayilagsan Temdeglel)’, in Asaraltu (ed.), Bogda Bagatur Bey-e-Ber Tayilagsan Temdeglel (Qayilar, |
| |
PRC, 1985), 3–95. |
| Thomas of Spalato |
Thomas of Spalato, Istorija Archiepiskopov Salony i Splita, trans. A. I. Solopov, ed. O. A. Akimova (Moscow, 1997). |
| Thomas of Split |
Thomas of Split, Historia Salonitanorum atque Spalatinorum pontificum, ed. Olga Peric, trans. Damir Karbic, Mirjana Matijevic Sokol and James Ross Sweeney (Budapest, 2006). |
| Vardan |
Vardan Arewelc’i, ‘The Historical Compilation of Vardan Arewelc’i’, trans. Robert W. Thomson, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 43 (1989), 125–226. |
| Vartan |
Vartan, ‘Les Mongols d’après les historiens arméniens: Extrait de l’histoire universelle de Vartan’, |
|
ed. and trans. M. Ed Dulaurier, Journal Asiatique 13 (October–November 1860), 273–315. |
| Xi Youji |
Chih-Ch’ang, Li, The Travels of the Alchemist: The Journey of the Taoist Ch’ang Ch’un from China to the Hindukush at the Summons of Chingiz Khan, trans. Arthur Waley (Westport, CT, 1976). |
| Yelu Chucai |
Yeh-lu Ch’u-Ts’ai, ‘The Hsi-yu Lu’, trans. Igor de Rachewiltz, Monumenta Serica 21 (1962), 1–128. |
| YS 98 |
‘Yuan Shi chapter 98’, in Ch’i-ch’ing Hsiao, The Military Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty (Cambridge, MA, 1978), 72–91. |
| YS 99 |
‘Yuan Shi chapter 99’, in Ch’i-ch’ing Hsiao, The Military Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty (Cambridge, MA, 1978), 92–124. |
| YS 135 |
Richard Paul Currie (trans.), ‘An Annotated Translation of the Biography of Togto Temur from the Yuan Shih’, MA thesis, Department of Uralic and Altaic Studies, Indiana University, 1984. |
| YUS |
Demchigdorzh, Ch. (trans.), Yuan Ulsyn Sudar, ed. B. Sumiyabaatar and J. Serjee (Ulaanbaatar, 2002). |