Index

The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.

Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk, 204, 226–227, 350

Acetylcholine, 131

Acta, Manny, 48

Adolescence

peer rejection in, 314–315

risk taking in, 199

self-harm in, 247, 248, 249–250

Ahimsa (doing no harm), 351

Ahmad, Christopher, 120, 122–123, 126

Air Florida Flight 90 crash, 103–104

Altman, Richard, 210

Amygdala

destroyed in SM, 176

Family trigger activating, 211

fear conditioning of, 342–343, 362

fear regulated by, 176–177, 266

freeze-or-flee response and, 227–229

involuntary response of, 146

learned fear and, 224

maternal-aggression circuitry, 220–221

neuroanatomy of, 222–224

pain suppression by, 212

prejudice and, 309

response to predators and, 224–226

route through cerebral cortex to, 214–215

sensory information monitoring by, 211–212, 217

subcortical pathway to, 214, 217

threat-response and, 214, 215, 266

Ananenko, Alexei, 277

Anderson, David, 260

Andersson, Stefan, 253

Angelou, Maya, 141

Anger management, ineffectiveness of, 49–54

Anterior cingulate cortex, 187, 191

Antonetti, Chris, 48

Apollo 1 astronauts’ deaths, 180

Arntzen, Wenche, 17

Ashtari, Manzar, 151–152, 153, 154

Aurora theater shooter, 86–88, 89–90, 92–93

Baldwin, James, 233

Bales, Robert, 33–34, 46–47

Ballantine, Thomas, 30

Baltimore riots, 326–327

Baranov, Boris, 277

Barcelona pickpocket incident

answer to question launched by, 371

automatic violence during, 8, 15–16, 24–25, 110, 144–145, 343

brain synchronization and, 139

environmental factors and, 264

fight-or-flight response in, 24

information known and missing in, 343

as inspiration for this book, 7–8

intentions for the future and, 343–344

LIFEMORTS triggers in, 43–44, 72

MPD violation in, 135–136

Paris experiences before, 4–5, 337–338

potentially lethal holds in, 336–337

pursuit by thugs after, 7, 24, 144, 145, 242, 243

questions raised by, 7, 8, 9, 342–343

SEAL Team Six member on, 337, 339

story of, 4–7

stressful events preceding, 337–339, 342

unease in aftermath of, 370

Barr, Ronald, 95

Batting in baseball, 120–121

Bayard, William, 80

Beamer, Todd, 102, 284

Bean, Nicole, 104–105

Bezpalov, Valeri, 277

Bible, violence against women in, 256–257

Biden, Joe, 246

Big mountain free skiing, 118–120

Bin Laden, Osama, 123–125, 216–217

Bingham, Mark, 102, 350

Blindness

congenital, vision despite, 146–173

gene therapy for, 151–152

in one eye, 143, 214

Blindsight, 143, 214

Body language, 140, 142

Boston bombers, 310–322

confusion inspired by, 312

early life of, 310–311

electronic information and, 313–314

insanity defense and, 85–86

neuroscience of, 314–315

shrine at bomb site, 312

Tsarni’s reflections on, 311–312, 316–322

Brain. See also specific regions

anatomy of, 25–28

the body’s impact on, 179

complexity of, 23, 31

core functions of, 281

creatures without one, 178–179

functions below awareness, 28–29, 113–114

left-right/male-female function under stress, 269–271

as a paired organ, 27

post-birth development of, 280

sex differences in every lobe, 265

synchronization by rhythm, 136–137

synchronization during communication, 135

triune theory of (false), 20–23

violence as innate capacity of, 81–82

violent circuits of, 290

Brain stimulation

attacks provoked by, 14–15

early research in, 30–31

transcranial, 31, 128, 329

Branson, Richard, 198

Breivik, Anders Behring, 17, 91

Broca’s area, 148

Burge, Jon, 305

Burnett, Stephanie, 199

Burnett, Tom, 102, 350

Burr, Aaron, 80

Cahill, Larry, 265, 268–270

Cain, Matthew, 198

Canteras, Newton, 225

Carderock homicide

argument before, 74, 75–76, 79

author’s visits to Carderock, 68, 74–78

DiPaolo accused continually by Farrar, 68–69, 70, 75–76

DiPaolo’s decline before, 67, 70, 73

drop of climbing partner before, 60–63

Farrar found dead by Gregory, 65–66, 74, 76–77

insanity defense and, 92

news reports exacerbating, 73

oddness of claw-hammer in, 72–73

possible scenarios of, 70–71

remembrance held for Farrar, 78–79

triggers for, 71–72, 73, 79, 222

Carlisle, Herbert, 296, 297

Carnegie Hero Fund, 276

Carter, Jimmy, 300

Casey, B. J., 364

Cashman, William, 102, 350

Cecil, Tom, 67

CEOs, sensation seeking by, 198

Cerebellum, 27–28, 29

Cerebral cortex

in the congenitally blind, 148–149

consciousness and, 28

dopamine source for, 130

pain suppression and, 212

response to threat and, 146

route to the amygdala through, 214–215

sensory input and, 29

C-Fos protein, 218–219, 220, 261, 262

Chernobyl nuclear power plant, 276–277

Child abuse, brain altered by, 266, 267

Child thrown off bridge, 12–14

China, military push by, 296, 297

Choking in sports, 120, 121–122, 203–204

Cingulum, surgical removal of, 30

Collins, Francis, 20

Collision avoidance, 132–135

Communication

by body language, 140, 142

brain synchronization during, 135

facilitated by rhythm, 138–139

by touch, 139–140

Connell, David, 57–58, 358, 359

Consciousness

brain functions below, 28–29, 113–114

the cerebral cortex and, 28

response to threat and, 145–146

subliminal information below, 29–30, 143

Costa Concordia sinking, 201–202

Courage

of bush pilots, 191–194

fear not absent in, 174, 176

as persistence despite risk and fear, 189

PTSD and, 195, 360

Courtois, Gary, 11, 16, 18

Crying babies, 93–95

Curie, Marie, 32

Dahl, Jason, 102

Dalai Lama, 331

Dand, Pravin, 355, 356–357, 358, 370

Darling, Mary Anne, 10, 11

Darrow, Clarence, 243

Daw, Nathaniel, 197

Dela Rosa, Carmela, 12–14

Deland, Stuart, 105–106

Delgado, José Manuel Rodriguez, 30–31

Demonic Males, 258

Dermo-optical perception, 150–151, 153–155, 156–157, 159–165

Derringer, Jaime, 198

Diminished Capacity defense, 85

DiPaolo, David

argument with Farrar, 74, 75–76, 79

as Carderock Dave, 63–64

climbing partner dropped by, 60–63, 67, 68–69, 70

continually accused by Farrar, 68–69, 70, 75–76

decline after climbing partner’s death, 67, 70, 73, 75

Farrar killed by, 65–66, 67–68, 69–78

free soloing by, 65

guilt suffered by, 63

insanity defense and, 92

insanity defense of, 79

taught by Farrar, 64

Do, Lan Mu, 83, 84

Domestic violence

House of Ruth requests and, 238

statistics on, 251–252

unconscious, 238–239

by women, 252–253, 254

Dominance, violence for establishing, 40, 81, 222, 258

Dopamine

addiction to violence and, 245

in brain’s reward system, 213

break down by MAOA, 130

functions of, 129, 131

love and, 280

midbrain as source of, 129–130

receptors for, 197, 199

sensation seeking and, 197–198, 199, 200

Dorner, Christopher, 43

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 115–116, 125–126, 127–128, 186–187

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, 132

Dudai, Yadin, 190, 364

Dueling, 80–81

Duncan, Kelly, 104

Durham, Bob, 34

Durham rule, 84

Echolocation, 156

Edwards, Marc, 33

El Baramawy, Yasmine, 241

Eltahawy, Diana, 241

Emotional contagion, 328–329

Environment trigger

addiction to violence and, 245

in Barcelona pickpocket incident, 43

described, 41

love fortifying, 279

motorcycle gangs and, 336

response to predators and, 225

in road rage, 45

for war, 298

Extinction therapies, 268, 359–366

Family trigger

in Barcelona pickpocket incident, 43–44

brain areas involved in, 211

described, 40–41

in the London Underground, 210–211

love energizing, 279

maternal aggression and, 210, 218–221

in road rage, 44–45

son in Baltimore riot and, 327

Farrar, Geoff

annoying character of, 66–67, 75–76

argument with DiPaolo, 74, 75–76, 79

DiPaolo accused continually by, 68–69, 70, 75–76

DiPaolo taught by, 64

free soloing by, 64–65

killed by DiPaolo, 65–66, 67–68, 69–78

remembrance held for, 78–79

Fear

amygdala conditioned by, 342–343, 362

amygdala’s regulation of, 176–177, 266

brain/body connections and, 178–180

cortical control circuits and, 202–203, 205

courage not the absence of, 174, 176

danger of the absence of, 174

extinction therapies for, 268, 359–366

hardwired fears, 183–185

Martin’s lack of, 174–176

of needles, 182, 183

neuronal circuits and response to, 204

phobias, 182, 183

resting heart rate and, 179–180

singing and, 215

of snakes, 183–184, 189–190

study of overcoming, 189–190

suffocation causing, 177

training to use, 185–186

variations among people, 183

Feinstein, Justin, 176

Female-on-female violence, 253–255

Fight-or-flight response

in Barcelona pickpocket incident, 24

extinction therapy and, 361

freeze-or-flee response, 227–229

relatively slow onset of, 24, 144

Fisher, Wendy

anger suppressed by, 368–369

fear felt by, 186

free skiing by, 118–120, 366–367

roots of her adventurousness, 367–368

sensation seeking by, 196

skiing accident of, 117–118

youth of, 367

Flynn, John P., 14, 15

Foltz, Eldon, 30

Four F’s, 260

Francis, Pope, 47, 54

Fraracio, Jessica, 93–94

Freeman, Walter, 30

Freeze-or-flee response, 227–229

Fromholz, Stephen, 106–107

Fusiform cortex, 308–309

Gan, Wen-Biao, 57

Gandhi, Mahatma, 351

Gender. See Sex differences

Giffords, Gabrielle, 17

Ginther, Sabine, 118

Glick, Jeremy, 102, 350

Glover, Carol, 346, 347, 348, 349

Glucocorticoids, 56–57

Gone with the Wind, 3–4

Good Samaritan, 275–276

Gostner, Paul, 293

Gotthardt, Don, 12

Graham, Toya, 327

Gray, Freddie, 326

Gregory, John, 65–66, 74–78

Grèzes, Julie, 145

Grogan, Virginia, 108

Gross, Ann, 209

Gut feelings, 114–117

Gyi, Par, 304

Gyrus, 27

Hagadone, Nick, 48–49, 55

Haldeman, Kirk, 106, 107

Hamilton, Alexander, 80

Handshakes, 139–140

Hearst, Patricia, 340–341

Heart rate, 179–180, 202

Heart-rate variability (HRV), 203

Herding behavior, 323–324

Heroism

fear in the midst of, 174, 176

individuals excelling in, 112

LIFEMORTS triggers and, 108, 109, 112

not unique to only one sex, 234–235

stories of, 101–109, 275–277

Herringa, Ryan, 266, 267–268

Hess, Walter Rudolph, 14, 15, 30, 217, 219

Hester, Leigh Ann, 234, 235, 252

Higashi, Kelly, 275

Hinckley, John Jr., 84

Hippocampus

functions of, 27, 266

involuntary response of, 146

threat-response and, 211, 213–214, 266, 267

Holler, Don, 106, 107

Holmes, James, 86–88, 89–90, 92–93

Homo sapiens

development of, 294, 295–296

as killers, 286–290, 293–294

radical environment changes for, 294–295

Wells’s dark view of, 290–292

Horace, 3

HRV (heart-rate variability), 203

Hudson airline landing, 200–201, 205–206

Hunter/gatherer risks, 273–274

Hypothalamus

attacks provoked by electrode in, 14–15

Family trigger activating, 211

four F’s controlled by, 260

involuntary response of, 146

maternal-aggression circuitry, 218, 219

perspiration and, 361

rage response of, 16

sex-violence link and, 261–264

violence triggered by circuits in, 16

Infanticide in primates, 258

Insanity defense, 83–93

Aurora movie-theater shooter and, 86–88, 89–90, 92–93

Boston bombers and, 85–86

competency and, 88

definitions of insanity and, 84, 85

by DiPaolo, 79

fury vs. insanity, 13, 14

Guilty but Mentally Ill verdict, 87, 88

history of mental illness and, 83

hypothalamic rage response vs., 16

jurors and, 85, 87–88

by Lui, 83–84

in Norwegian mass slaughter, 17

psychological autopsy and, 90–91

sentencing and, 88

state variations in, 84, 85, 87, 89

Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984, 84

Insula, prejudice and, 309

Insult trigger

in Barcelona pickpocket incident, 44

in Carderock homicide, 73, 79, 222

described, 40

for domestic violence, 254

dominance behavior and, 222

dueling in response to, 80–81

motorcycle gangs and, 336

in road rage, 44

self-harm and, 248, 249

in sports rage, 49

Internment of Japanese Americans, 306–307

Isbell, Lynne, 183–184

Jackson, Andrew, 80

Jail, stress in, 57–58

Jainism, 351–358, 370–371

Jesus Christ, 34–35

Johnson, Lyndon, 299, 300

Kappes, Bruno, 83–93, 209–210

Kelly, Tom, 118

Kennedy, Craig, 245

Kerry, John, 288–289

Kill Anything That Moves, 289

King, Martin Luther Jr., 351, 358

King, Rodney, 325

Language processing, rhythm and, 138–139

Lanza, Adam, 17

Laos, bombing of, 289

Larking, Don, 84

Lateral ventricle, 211

Ledgard, Michael, 106, 107

LeDoux, Joseph, 362

Lee, Taraz, 128

LeMay, Curtis, 289

Lien, Alexian, 324–325

LIFEMORTS triggers. See also specific kinds

brain circuitry for, 218–227

complex behaviors due to, 219–220

as double-edged swords, 322–323, 329–330

evolutionary dynamics and, 96

factors setting up, 46, 54–55

females’ response to, 252–253

heroism and, 108, 109, 112, 276

learning to recognize, 39–40, 47, 97

list and brief descriptions of, 40–43

love and, 279

multiple in a situation, 43–44

selection of this set of triggers, 39

stress increasing effect of, 55, 58–59

threshold lowered by stress, 337, 339, 341–342, 343

variations in response to, 204

for war, 298–299, 300, 301

Life-or-limb trigger

aggression related to, 222

in Barcelona pickpocket incident, 43, 72

in Carderock homicide, 71–72

described, 40

in ending a barroom brawl, 336

response to predators and, 225

in road rage, 44

snapping possible for anyone with, 340

violent struggles tripping, 72

for war, 298, 300

Lin, Dayu, 262

Lincoln, Abraham, 80–81

Linden, David, 20

Liston, Conor, 57

Lizard brain, 20–23, 24, 25, 227

LoBue, Vanessa, 185

Locus ceruleus, 130

Logan, Lara, 239–240

London Underground baby rescue, 210–211

Lone Survivor, 215–216, 340

Long, Leonard, 276

Los Angeles riots, 325

Loughner, Jared, 17

Love

“falling” in, 278–279

LIFEMORTS triggers and, 279

neurocircuitry of, 281–282

neurotransmitters involved in, 280

parenting and the circuitry of, 280

Lui, Barry Kin, 83–84, 93

Lukas, Dieter, 258

Luther, Martin, 101

Luttrell, Marcus, 215–216

MacKinnon, John, 259

MacLean, Paul, 21–22, 23

Maher, Charlie, 48, 49, 121–122, 127, 203–204

Major, Paul, 118

Malena, Raffaele, 202

MAOA (monoamine oxidase A), 130, 131

Martella, David, 83

Martin, Sally (SM), 174–176, 177

Martin, Trayvon, 36

Mate trigger

described, 41

love energizing, 279

power of, 243

sex-violence link and, 243

Maternal aggression, 207–210, 218, 219, 220–221

Maternal care, 281–282

McCarthy witch hunts, 308

McConkey, Shane, 367

McGirr, Johnny, 277–278

McHenry, Britt, 255

McKeon, Stephen, 198

McNaughton rule, 84, 87

Mean predicted distance (MPD), 134

Medial prefrontal cortex, 116

Memory

extinction therapies, 268, 359–366

hippocampus and, 213

reconsolidation of, 362–364

Mesencephalon, 129–130

Metro transit death in DC, 344–350

Mexico, torture in, 304–305

Meyniel, Florent, 188

Mind at the End of Its Tether, 290–292

Minemier, Kevin, 104–105

Mitchell, Margaret, 3

Moniz, Egas, 30

Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), 130, 131

Moore, Richard Irvin, 107–108

Moose mother and calf, 208–210

Morris, Ian, 294

Morrogh, Raymond, 12, 13, 14

Motorcycle gangs, 324–325, 335–336

Motta, Simone, 219

Moyer, Scott, 110–113, 125, 145

Murder statistics, 250–251

Murphy, Mikey, 216

Nacke, Louis, 102, 350

Naim, Haji, 34

Nealey, Elijah, 93–94

Nealey, Mike, 93

Neurons, 178–179

Nishijo, Hisao, 184

No Easy Day, 123, 216–217

Norepinephrine, 130

Nuclei, 26, 213

Nucleus accumbens, 26, 140, 213

Obama, Barack, 307, 312

Occipital lobe, 27

Ogdoc, Angelyn, 12–14

Ogdoc, James, 13

Ogdoc, Kathlyn, 13

Olson, Drake, 191–194, 195–196

Operating room pressures, 122–123

Opie, Christopher, 258

Optogenetics, 227, 263

Orbital prefrontal cortex, 116–117, 127

Organization or social order trigger

described, 41–42

in ending a barroom brawl, 336

heroism and, 112

love fortifying, 279

in Malala, 236

in road rage, 45

sexual assault and, 276

violence associated with, 222

Ötzi the Iceman, 292–293, 295–296

Owen, Mark, 123, 216

Oxytocin, 280, 281, 282, 329

Pain suppression, 212, 284

Palin, Sarah, 207–208

Parvizi, Josef, 187

Paterson, Pat, 299

Patino, Christopher, 105

Peckham, Haley, 248–249, 365–366

Penney, Heather “Luckey,” 101–103

Penney, John, 102

Periaqueductal gray (PAG), 228

Persistence, the brain and, 187, 188–189

Pesssiglione, Mathias, 189

Peterson, Dale, 258–259

Petraitis, John, 272, 274

Phelps, Elizabeth, 362

Pistorius, Oscar, 33

Pornography, 243–244

Post office knifing, 9–11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 38

Posterior insula, 188

Prefrontal cortex

described, 26

dorsolateral, 115–116, 125–126, 127–128, 186–187

dorsomedial, 132

medial, 116

orbital, 116–117, 127

stress responses and, 202–203

threat detection and, 266

Prefrontal lobotomy, 30

Prejudice and stereotyping, 306–310

Primates, violence in, 257–259

Prison, 288, 305–306

P300 brain wave, 269

PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), 129, 195, 359–360, 362, 364, 365

Quakers, 358–359

Ra, Myong Chin, 208–209

Racecar drivers, 36–38, 45–46, 126–127, 131–132, 193, 195–196

Racial prejudice, 306–308

Rage. See also LIFEMORTS triggers

anger management ineffective for, 49–54

automatic program of, 4, 8–9

at Barcelona pickpocket, 5–8, 15–16

false media depiction of snapping, 341

familiarity with, 11–12

forms of, 17–18

in Gone with the Wind, 3–4

hardwired in the brain, 4

modern epidemic of, 15, 19, 33

need to learn about, 9, 35–36

power unleashed by, 9

as result, not cause, of snapping, 53

road rage, 12, 16, 35, 36–37, 44–46

scheming crimes distinct from, 16–17

senseless in the aftermath, 32–33

in sports, 47–49

threshold lowered by stress, 341

triggers for, 16, 32

Ralston, Aron, 42

Rangel, Antonio, 186

Reaction time, 24, 143, 144

Reagan, Ronald, 84

Regulatory depletion, 186–187

Religion and spirituality, 280–281, 282–285

Reptilian (lizard) brain, 20–23, 24, 25, 227

Resources trigger

in Barcelona pickpocket incident, 43

described, 42

McHenry’s snapping and, 255

robbery and, 336

for war, 298

Resting heart rate, fear and, 179–180

Retinal photoreceptors, 171–172

Reynolds, Terrence, 284

Rhythm, 136–139

Rice, Janay, 239

Rice, Ray, 238–239, 265

Riots, 325–327

Risk taking, 194–200, 272–274

Road rage

hit-and-run felony, 12

multiple triggers in, 44–45

prevalence of, 35

in racecar drivers, 36–38, 45–46, 126–127

subtle triggers for, 36

territorial roots of, 16

Roig, Kaitlin, 112

Russian territorial expansion, 296–297

Said, Mustafa, 105

Samenow, Stanton, 13

Sandy Hook School massacre, 17, 111–112

Sarkeesian, Anita, 244

Sasseville, Marc, 101, 102

Satyarthi, Kailash, 236

Scheming crimes, 16–17

Schettino, Francesco, 201–202

Schiller, Daniela, 195, 359, 360, 361, 362, 364–365

Schluederberg, Evan, 10, 11

Schuringa, Jasper, 204, 226–227, 350

SEAL Team Six member

on Barcelona incident, 337, 339

on bin Laden assault, 123–125

conscious decision-making favored by, 339–340

emergency IV skills taught by, 181–182, 206

on fear in combat, 174

gut feelings trusted by, 114–115, 116–117

on Schuringa’s understanding, 226–227

on snapping as possible for anyone, 340

on training to use fear, 185–186

on yielding to a robber, 342

Secret Service agents, 110–113

Self-control, regulatory depletion and, 186–187

Self-harm, 246–250

Sensation seeking, 196–200

aggression not correlated with, 197

by CEOs, 198

dopamine and, 197–198, 199, 200

gender and, 199

insula and, 199–200

Sensory perception

altered by rhythm, 137

amygdala monitoring of, 211–212, 213

complexity of input for, 29, 148

by congenitally blind woman, 146–173

loss of a sensory ability and, 142, 143, 147–150

much input ignored, 148

subcortical pathway to the brain, 214, 217

subliminal, 29–30, 143

September 11, 2001, 101–103, 350

Septum, Family trigger activating, 211

Serotonin, 129, 130–131, 280, 329

Sex differences

armed forces and, 237

in criminality, 250, 278

in facial recognition, 242–243

heroism not one of, 234–235

in response to stress, 267, 269–271

in response to threats, 236–237

in risk taking, 272–274

in self-harm, 248, 249, 250

sensation seeking and, 199

ubiquitousness in humans, 233, 265–266

in violent crime, 250, 252

Sexual assault

in the Bible, 256–257

child abuse, 266, 267, 278

in colleges and universities, 245–246

gang rape in India, 241–242

honor killings, 242

in the military, 245

in pornography, 244

in primates, 259

in prisons, 305–306

rape statistics, 251, 253

saved by Good Samaritan, 275–276

in science workplaces, 246

in Tahrir Square, 239–241, 309

in war, 256–257

Sex-violence link, 260–265

common features of both, 260–261

factors affecting, 264–265

four F’s and, 260

hypothalamus circuits and, 261–264

Mate trigger and, 243

by reward and pleasure systems, 245, 261

Shad fishing and conservation, 331–335

Shah, Nimesh, 352, 353–355

Shaken-baby syndrome, 93–95

Shame, self-harm and, 248, 250

Sharperson, Lateef, 275, 276

Shields, James, 81

Shock, 183

Shutdown of US government in 2013, 327–328

Skutnik, Leonard, 103, 104

Smell, limbic system and, 212–213

Smith, Alec, 108–109

Smith, Natasha, 240–241

Snakes, fear of, 183–184, 189–190

Snapping. See LIFEMORTS triggers; Rage

Solo, Hope, 254

SPICES acronym for Quaker principles, 358–359

Spirituality and religion, 280–281, 282–285

Sports. See also specific kinds

choking in, 120, 121–122, 203–204

rage in, 47–49

Stanhope, Philip, 60

Steenkamp, Reeva, 33

Steinbeck, John, 301–303, 308

Stewart, Tony, 126–127, 327

Stone Age homicide, 292–293

Stopped trigger

described, 42–43

motorcycle gangs and, 336

in road rage, 45

in sports rage, 49

for war, 298

Street riots, 325–327

Stress

acute, synapses stimulated by, 57

childhood, brain permanently altered by, 266

chronic, brain circuits rewired by, 341

chronic, damage due to, 56, 58

glucocorticoids released by, 56–57

in jail, 57–58

performance under, 122–123, 203–204

prefrontal cortex and, 202–203

PTSD, 129

sex differences in response to, 267, 269–271

trigger threshold lowered by, 337, 339, 341–342, 343

triggers’ effect increased by, 55, 58–59

on whistleblowers, 55–56

Striatum, 29, 130

Subliminal perception, 29–30, 143

Substantia nigra, 130

Suffocation, panic caused by, 177

Sullenberger, Chester “Sully,” 200–201, 205–206

Swanton, W. Patrick, 324

Symbionese Liberation Army, 340–341

Synaptic pruning, 128

Tahrir Square, sexual assault in, 239–241, 309

Takei, George, 306

Taylor, Henry, 110

Teenagers. See Adolescence

Temporal lobe, 27

Thalamus

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and, 125–126

pain suppression and, 212

Thayer, Julian, 203

Theory of mind, 282–283, 285, 310

Thiessen, Marc, 328

Tirado, Priscilla, 104

TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation), 128, 329

Todd, Jeffrey, 347, 348, 349

Tonkin Gulf incident, 299

Torture, 303–306

Touch

communication by, 139–140

seeing by, 150–151, 153–155, 156–157, 159–165

visual cortex wired to, 154

Tracts in the brain, 26

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), 128, 329

Transcranial stimulation, 31

Travis, Alexander, 105–106

Tribe trigger

in Barcelona pickpocket incident, 44

described, 42

in ending a barroom brawl, 336

group mentality and, 327–328

herding behavior and, 323–324

heroism and, 112

love fortifying, 279

in Malala, 236

motorcycle gangs and, 324, 336

in road rage, 45

in September 11 defense, 103

street riots and, 325

us vs. them and, 322

for war, 298

Tricia (congenitally blind woman), 146–173

character of, 146

color perception by, 150

dreams auditory for, 158

echolocation by, 156

fast text-to-speech use by, 155

fMRI scan of, 152–153, 167

hyperarousal and hyperawareness in, 147–148

importance of vision to, 158, 166

marijuana and vision of, 156, 157–158, 167–173

nystagmus of, 156

seeing by touch, 150–151, 153–155, 156–157, 159–165

visual cortex wired to touch in, 154

visual imagination of, 159

willing herself to see, 147, 153, 166–167, 172–173

writing by, 165

Triggers. See LIFEMORTS triggers

Trujillo, Ana, 253

Tsarnaev, Tamerlan and Dzhokar. See Boston bombers

Tsarni, Ruslan, 311, 312, 315, 316–322

Tunnel vision, 125–126, 127–128

Turse, Nick, 289

Twain, Mark, 80, 174

Unabomber, 91

Underwear bomber, 204, 226–227, 350

Vance, J. Paul, 111

Ventral tegmental area, 130

Ventromedial thalamus, 188

Video games, 244

Vietnam War, 289–290, 299–300, 301–303

Vigl, Eduard Egarter, 293

Violence against women. See Domestic violence; Sexual assault

Violent crime. See also specific kinds

female-on-female violence, 253–255

sex-based differences in, 250, 252

statistics on, 250–251

Visual cortex

in the congenitally blind, 148–149

described, 26

visual evoked potential in, 137

wired to touch, 154

Visual perception

altered by rhythmic sound, 137

blindsight, 143, 214

by congenitally blind woman, 146–173

early life development needed for, 149

retinal photoreceptors for other uses, 171–172

War, 288–303

atrocities of, 288–290, 293–294

current prospects for, 296–297, 298

internment of Japanese Americans, 306–307

LIFEMORTS triggers for, 298–299

number of human deaths due to, 293–294

Steinbeck as war correspondent, 301–303

US defense budget, 288

in Vietnam, 289–290, 299–300, 301–303

World War II, 300–301

Ward, Kevin Jr., 126–127, 327

Warrior gene, 130, 131

Washington, George, 286

Weather Underground, 313

Webster, Frank, 350

Wells, H. G., 290–292

Werth, Jayson, 120–121

Whistleblowers, stress on, 55–56

White, Bruce, 14

White, Edward, 180

White, Lowell, 30

Williams, Arland Jr., 103–104, 350

Wittmann, Bianca, 197

Wolfe, Eugene, 11, 18

World War II, 300–301

Wrangham, Richard, 258–259

Xianmei, Chen, 205

Yaman, Hakan, 304

Yates, Andrea, 87

Yehudain, Sapir, 237

Young, Ray Alfred, 9–11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 38

Yousafzai, Malala, 235–236

Zimmerman, George, 36

Zuckerman, Jason, 55, 56