Date |
Deaths in Daoxian |
Event |
1966 |
|
|
May 16 |
|
The Cultural Revolution is formally launched in Beijing. |
August 16 |
|
The “Sixteen Articles” stipulate that the purpose of the Cultural Revolution is to purge “capitalist roaders” from the CCP. |
September |
|
100,000 “Rightists” and other political targets are detained in Hunan Province. |
Late October |
|
Massive rebel faction mass organization Xiang River Storm is established in Changsha, Hunan Province. |
1967 |
|
|
January |
|
Shanghai’s existing CCP establishment is overthrown in the “January Storm,” which spreads throughout China. |
First half of 1967 |
|
Splits develop among Hunan’s rebel factions, with different groups gaining the favor of the central authorities at different times. |
Late summer |
|
In Daoxian, the Red Alliance and Revolutionary Alliance become antagonistic factions. |
July 18 |
|
A mass rally is organized in Beijing to criticize President Liu Shaoqi. |
August 2–5 |
|
Daoxian Leading Group to Seize Revolution and Push Production calls an urgent meeting of district seize-and-push groups to present the “new situation in class struggle.” |
August 5 |
|
Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping, and Tao Zhu are denounced at a mass rally at Tiananmen Square; People’s Daily publishes Mao’s essay “Bombard the Headquarters.” |
August 8 |
|
Gun-snatching incident at the county PAFD armory by the Revolutionary Alliance. |
August 9 |
|
Red Alliance stalwarts decide to withdraw from the county CCP committee compound to Yingjiang Commune. |
August 11 |
|
District PAFD heads and Red Alliance heads hold a battle-readiness meeting in Qingtang Commune and decide to organize militia to attack the Revolutionary Alliance headquarters. |
|
|
County seize-and-push group holds a telephone conference urging districts and communes to strengthen dictatorship over class enemies and organize militias. |
Aug 13 |
1 |
First victim: Zhu Mian, in the Xiaba brigade of Shouyan District’s Jiujia Commune. |
|
|
Armed conflict between the Red Alliance and Revolutionary Alliance in Daojiang results in two deaths in the county seat. |
Aug 15 |
7 |
The killing campaign begins in Yangjia Commune and Shouyan Commune. |
|
|
Meeting of PAFD cadres at the Red Alliance headquarters in Yingjiang to discuss how to prevent the Revolutionary Alliance from establishing contacts in the countryside. |
|
|
Late at night, county CCP deputy secretary Huang Yida and others head for Changsha to alert the provincial authorities to rising tensions in the county and to request intervention. |
Aug 16 |
3 |
Killings begin in Lingling County. |
Aug 17 |
15 |
Qingtang District holds a killing-mobilization meeting, and killings begin in that district and Qiaotou District. |
|
|
Killings begin in Jiangyong County. |
Aug 18 |
17 |
The Red Alliance formally establishes its frontline command post in Yingjiang. |
|
|
Killings begin in Ningyuan County. |
Aug 19 |
20 |
Lingling Military Subdistrict joint investigation group arrives to investigate killings. |
|
|
Killings begin in Gongba District. |
Aug 20 |
23 |
Killings begin in Chetou (Meihua) District. |
Aug 21 |
30 |
Leaders of the Lingling Military Subdistrict and Daoxian PAFD make an inspection visit to Yingjiang. |
|
|
Killings begin in Hongyan (Xianzijiao) District. |
|
|
Beginning of first major upsurge in killings throughout Daoxian. |
Aug 22 |
87 |
Killing rally in Shangguan Commune launches killings in Shangguan District. |
Aug 23 |
205 |
Ganziyuan Commune’s “Supreme People’s Court of the Poor and Lower-Middle Peasants” is formally established, launching the killings in Qingxi District. |
|
|
Qiaotou Commune holds a mass killing rally. |
|
|
Killings begin at the Xiaoshui Forestry Management Bureau in Shuangpai County. |
Aug 24 |
135 |
Shangguan Commune holds a killing rally. |
|
|
Killings begin in Xianglinpu District. |
Aug 25 |
350 |
Gongba Commune’s Yanhetang brigade kills off all of its black elements. |
Aug 26 |
|
Lingling Military Subdistrict joint investigation group leaves Daoxian. |
|
|
The 47th Army transmits the Lingling Military Subdistrict’s “Cable on the Social Situation” to the districts and communes. |
|
|
After many delays, Huang Yida and others gain access to the provincial leaders and tell them of the killings in Daoxian. |
Aug 26–28 |
638 |
The Red Alliance calls a “political and legal work conference” in Yingjiang to transmit the 47th Army’s Cable on the Social Situation. |
|
|
New upsurge in killings begins. |
|
|
The provincial leadership sends cables to the Central Cultural Revolution Small Group, Lingling Military Subdistrict, and Daoxian PAFD to take measures to halt the killings. |
Aug 27 |
590 |
PAFD leaders in Xianglinpu District launch a three-day “clean up” during which 569 people are killed. |
Aug 28 |
501 |
The 47th Army and Hunan Province Cultural Revolution Committee Preparatory Group send a cable to the Lingling Military Subdistrict and Daoxian PAFD headquarters ordering an end to the killings. |
Aug 29 |
452 |
Troops from the 47th Army’s 6950 Unit are stationed in Daoxian to end factional battles and to stop the killings. |
|
|
Youxiang Commune’s Yuejin brigade releases its “killing satellite.” |
Aug 30 |
273 |
Major battle between the Red Alliance and Revolutionary Alliance. |
Aug 31 |
176 |
Killings begin in Jianghua County. |
Sept 1 |
155 |
|
Sept 2 |
142 |
|
Sept 3 |
88 |
|
Sept 4 |
91 |
Killings begin in Qiyang County. |
Sept 5 |
156 |
The Lingling Military Subregion transmits the cable from the 47th Army and provincial revolutionary committee preparatory group prohibiting further killings. |
Sept 6 |
75 |
|
Sept 7 |
36 |
|
Sept 8 |
47 |
Killings begin in Xintian County. |
Sept 9 |
72 |
The Red Alliance and Revolutionary Alliance sign the September 9th Agreement. |
Sept 10 |
25 |
Killings begin in Lanshan County. |
Sept 11 |
13 |
|
Sept 12 |
12 |
|
Sept 13 |
5 |
Huang Yida and others arrive in Changsha from Daoxian. |
Sept 14 |
5 |
|
Sept 15 |
22 |
|
Sept 16 |
9 |
|
Sept 17 |
2 |
|
Sept 18 |
2 |
|
Sept 19 |
1 |
|
Sept 20 |
3 |
|
Sept 21 |
11 |
|
Sept 22 |
1 |
|
Sept 23 |
1 |
Huang Yida and others arrive in Daoxian. |
|
|
Major battle between the Red Alliance and Revolutionary Alliance. |
Sept 26 |
2 |
|
Sept 27 |
0 |
The 47th Army and provincial revolutionary committee preparatory group issue an urgent notice prohibiting further killings. |
Sept 30 |
7 |
|
Oct 1 |
0 |
Aircraft drop leaflets throughout Hunan Province printed with the urgent notice prohibiting further killings. |
Oct 2 |
0 |
Further airdrops of leaflets. |
Oct 10 |
1 |
|
Oct 15 |
1 |
|
Oct 17 |
1 |
The last victim: He Yuxiang of Qiaotou Commune’s Shangba brigade. |
Total |
4,509 |
|