CHRONOLOGY OF THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION KILLINGS IN DAOXIAN

Date Deaths in Daoxian Event
1966
May 16 The Cultural Revolution is formally launched in Beijing.
August 16 The “Sixteen Articles” stipulate that the purpose of the Cultural Revolution is to purge “capitalist roaders” from the CCP.
September 100,000 “Rightists” and other political targets are detained in Hunan Province.
Late October Massive rebel faction mass organization Xiang River Storm is established in Changsha, Hunan Province.
1967
January Shanghai’s existing CCP establishment is overthrown in the “January Storm,” which spreads throughout China.
First half of 1967 Splits develop among Hunan’s rebel factions, with different groups gaining the favor of the central authorities at different times.
Late summer In Daoxian, the Red Alliance and Revolutionary Alliance become antagonistic factions.
July 18 A mass rally is organized in Beijing to criticize President Liu Shaoqi.
August 2–5 Daoxian Leading Group to Seize Revolution and Push Production calls an urgent meeting of district seize-and-push groups to present the “new situation in class struggle.”
August 5 Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping, and Tao Zhu are denounced at a mass rally at Tiananmen Square; People’s Daily publishes Mao’s essay “Bombard the Headquarters.”
August 8 Gun-snatching incident at the county PAFD armory by the Revolutionary Alliance.
August 9 Red Alliance stalwarts decide to withdraw from the county CCP committee compound to Yingjiang Commune.
August 11 District PAFD heads and Red Alliance heads hold a battle-readiness meeting in Qingtang Commune and decide to organize militia to attack the Revolutionary Alliance headquarters.
County seize-and-push group holds a telephone conference urging districts and communes to strengthen dictatorship over class enemies and organize militias.
Aug 13 1 First victim: Zhu Mian, in the Xiaba brigade of Shouyan District’s Jiujia Commune.
Armed conflict between the Red Alliance and Revolutionary Alliance in Daojiang results in two deaths in the county seat.
Aug 15 7 The killing campaign begins in Yangjia Commune and Shouyan Commune.
Meeting of PAFD cadres at the Red Alliance headquarters in Yingjiang to discuss how to prevent the Revolutionary Alliance from establishing contacts in the countryside.
Late at night, county CCP deputy secretary Huang Yida and others head for Changsha to alert the provincial authorities to rising tensions in the county and to request intervention.
Aug 16 3 Killings begin in Lingling County.
Aug 17 15 Qingtang District holds a killing-mobilization meeting, and killings begin in that district and Qiaotou District.
Killings begin in Jiangyong County.
Aug 18 17 The Red Alliance formally establishes its frontline command post in Yingjiang.
Killings begin in Ningyuan County.
Aug 19 20 Lingling Military Subdistrict joint investigation group arrives to investigate killings.
Killings begin in Gongba District.
Aug 20 23 Killings begin in Chetou (Meihua) District.
Aug 21 30 Leaders of the Lingling Military Subdistrict and Daoxian PAFD make an inspection visit to Yingjiang.
Killings begin in Hongyan (Xianzijiao) District.
Beginning of first major upsurge in killings throughout Daoxian.
Aug 22 87 Killing rally in Shangguan Commune launches killings in Shangguan District.
Aug 23 205 Ganziyuan Commune’s “Supreme People’s Court of the Poor and Lower-Middle Peasants” is formally established, launching the killings in Qingxi District.
Qiaotou Commune holds a mass killing rally.
Killings begin at the Xiaoshui Forestry Management Bureau in Shuangpai County.
Aug 24 135 Shangguan Commune holds a killing rally.
Killings begin in Xianglinpu District.
Aug 25 350 Gongba Commune’s Yanhetang brigade kills off all of its black elements.
Aug 26 Lingling Military Subdistrict joint investigation group leaves Daoxian.
The 47th Army transmits the Lingling Military Subdistrict’s “Cable on the Social Situation” to the districts and communes.
After many delays, Huang Yida and others gain access to the provincial leaders and tell them of the killings in Daoxian.
Aug 26–28 638 The Red Alliance calls a “political and legal work conference” in Yingjiang to transmit the 47th Army’s Cable on the Social Situation.
New upsurge in killings begins.
The provincial leadership sends cables to the Central Cultural Revolution Small Group, Lingling Military Subdistrict, and Daoxian PAFD to take measures to halt the killings.
Aug 27 590 PAFD leaders in Xianglinpu District launch a three-day “clean up” during which 569 people are killed.
Aug 28 501 The 47th Army and Hunan Province Cultural Revolution Committee Preparatory Group send a cable to the Lingling Military Subdistrict and Daoxian PAFD headquarters ordering an end to the killings.
Aug 29 452 Troops from the 47th Army’s 6950 Unit are stationed in Daoxian to end factional battles and to stop the killings.
Youxiang Commune’s Yuejin brigade releases its “killing satellite.”
Aug 30 273 Major battle between the Red Alliance and Revolutionary Alliance.
Aug 31 176 Killings begin in Jianghua County.
Sept 1 155
Sept 2 142
Sept 3 88
Sept 4 91 Killings begin in Qiyang County.
Sept 5 156 The Lingling Military Subregion transmits the cable from the 47th Army and provincial revolutionary committee preparatory group prohibiting further killings.
Sept 6 75
Sept 7 36
Sept 8 47 Killings begin in Xintian County.
Sept 9 72 The Red Alliance and Revolutionary Alliance sign the September 9th Agreement.
Sept 10 25 Killings begin in Lanshan County.
Sept 11 13
Sept 12 12
Sept 13 5 Huang Yida and others arrive in Changsha from Daoxian.
Sept 14 5
Sept 15 22
Sept 16 9
Sept 17 2
Sept 18 2
Sept 19 1
Sept 20 3
Sept 21 11
Sept 22 1
Sept 23 1 Huang Yida and others arrive in Daoxian.
Major battle between the Red Alliance and Revolutionary Alliance.
Sept 26 2
Sept 27 0 The 47th Army and provincial revolutionary committee preparatory group issue an urgent notice prohibiting further killings.
Sept 30 7
Oct 1 0 Aircraft drop leaflets throughout Hunan Province printed with the urgent notice prohibiting further killings.
Oct 2 0 Further airdrops of leaflets.
Oct 10 1
Oct 15 1
Oct 17 1 The last victim: He Yuxiang of Qiaotou Commune’s Shangba brigade.
Total 4,509