5. The reference is possibly to Thrasybulus’ seizure of a tyranny, c. 610. The precise functions and powers of the Milesian ‘president’(prutanis) at this time are obscure.

6. Peisistratus was tyrant of Athens from 561 to 527, apart from certain intervals spent in exile. The ‘dwellers on the plain’ were wealthy land-owners.

7. The date of Theagenes’ tyranny is during the second half of the seventh century.

8. Dionysius I was tyrant of Syracuse from 405 to 367.