1. V vi ad init.

2. ‘Sons of maidens’, born as a result of a drive to replenish the population, depleted during the first Messenian war (eighth century). The ‘Equals’ (cf. ‘Peers’) were the Spartiatae, the full Spartan citizens, who had equal political rights: see II ix. ‘Equal’ in this and the preceding sentence = homoioi, not isoi.

3. Lysander was a Spartan general whose policies were frustrated by the Spartan Kings, 405–395.

4. 398

5. ‘Good Order’, Eunomia. Tyrtaeus composed in Sparta about the middle of the seventh century; the Messenian war mentioned here was the second.