CONTRIBUTORS

Farhat Abbas, MD, FCPS, FRCS, FRCSEd, FEBU, FACS. The Hussein Cumber Professor of Surgery (Urology), Department of Surgery, Dean Medical College, Aga Khan University, Pakistan

Sami Abdo Radman Al-Dubai, MBBS, MPH, DrPH, Senior Lecturer in Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hamza Abdulghani, DPHC, ABFM, FRCGP, MMEd, Professor of Medical Education and Family Medicine, Head of the Assessment and Evaluation Unit, Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Ducksun Ahn, MB, MA(Art), MA(Ethics), FRCSC, Professor of Plastic Surgery and Medical Humanities, College of Medicine, Korea University

Laila Akbarali, MBA, MA(Educational Management), EdD, Senior Associate Registrar, Aga Khan University, Pakistan

Ibrahim A. Al Alwan, MRCP(UK), FAAP, FRCPC, Professor of Pediatrics and Dean, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Consultant, Pediatric Endocrinology, Ministry of NGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Eiad AlFaris, MBBS, MSc, MRCGP, MMed, Professor of Family Medicine and Medical Education, Supervisor of the King Saud University Chair for the Development of Medical Education, Head of Family Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

Ali I. Al Haqwi, MD, MRCGP(UK), ABFM, MHPE, PhD(Med Edu), Associate Professor/Consultant, Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Chairman, Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abdulmonem Al-Hayani, MBBS, DipFMS, PhD, LIFBA, Dean Students Affairs, Professor, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Syeda K. Ali, MBBS, MHPE, PhD, Associate Professor, Department for Educational Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Mohammad Yahya Al-Shehri, MBBS, FACS, D Med Ed., Professor of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alberto Alves de Lima, MD, MHPE, PhD, Professor of Cardiology; Director, Educational and Research Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Affiliated to the School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Hussain Saad Amin, Assistant Professor and Consultant, Course Organizer COMM 421 (Males), Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

M. Brownell Anderson, MEd, Vice President, International Programs, National Board of Medical Examiners, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

John Arokiasamy, MBBS, MSc, MPH, Professor in Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Amy Autry, MD, Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

Ruth Ballweg, MPA, PA-C, Professor and Senior Advisor on Advocacy, Health Policy and PA Global Development, MEDEX Northwest PA Section, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

Raja C. Bandaranayake, MBBS, PhD, MSEd, FRACS, Consultant and Visiting Professor in Medical Education, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

Anne Baroffio, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Medical Education, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland

Elena I. Barragán, MD, MHPE, PhD, Full Professor, Odontology School, University of Rio Negro, and Professor at the Biomedical Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Comahue, Patagonia, Argentina

Ankur Barua, MBBS, MD, FRIPH, FRAS, Senior Lecturer in Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Barbara Barzansky, PhD, MHPE, LCME Co-Secretary, Director, Undergraduate Medical Education, American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Bipin Batra, MBBS, DMRD, DNB, PGDHHM, Professor and Executive Director, National Board of Examinations, India

Richard J. Battiola, MD, Director Internal Medicine Residency Program, Aurora Health Care and Associate Professor, Medicine (Clinical Adjunct), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

Denis Bédard, PhD, Professor of Higher Education Teaching and Learning, Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Frédéric Bernier, MD, MHA, FRCPC, Associate Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Khalid A. Bin Abdulrahman, MD, Professor of Family Medicine & Medical Education; Vice Rector for Planning, Development and Quality; Professor Chair, Dr AlKholi Chair for Developing Medical Education in Saudi Arabia, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Saudi Arabia

Philip Bradley, PhD, BSc(Hons), Professor of Medical Education Development and Head of School of Medical Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

John R. Brill, MD, MPH, Director Clinical Student Education, Aurora Health Care, Professor, Family Medicine (Clinical Adjunct), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

Vanessa C. Burch, Professor and Chair of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Josaphat Byamugisha, MBChB, DipObs, MMed, PhD, Chair, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda

Steve Capey, Director of Assessment, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK

Angel Centeno, MD, PhD, FACP, FAcadMedEd, Chair, Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Denisse Champin, MD, FACP, MA Higher Education, Director, School of Medicine Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú

Yan-Di Chang, MD, EdM, Former Program Manager, Medical Educators for Humanities Program, Taipei, Taiwan

H. Carrie Chen, MD, MSEd, Director, Health Professions Education Pathway, Director, Pediatric Core Clerkship, Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, USA

Paul Chiasson, MD, CMFC, Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Professor, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Sandy Cook, PhD, Associate Professor and Senior Associate Dean, Education, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore

Carmen Coombs, MD Emergency Medicine, Clinical Assistant Professor, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA

Fortunato L. Cristobal, MD, MPH, MHPEd, FPPS, Dean, Ateneo de Zamboanga University School of Medicine, Zamboanga City, Philippines

Reg Dennick, BSc, PhD, MEd, FHEA, Professor of Medical Education, Assistant Director of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

Graciela Risco de Domínguez, MD, Doctor in Medicine (PhD), Dean of the School of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru

Jon Dowell, BMSc, BMBS, MD, MRCGP, FHEA, Professor of General Practice and Admissions Convenor Dundee Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK

Erik Driessen, MA, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Health Professions Education and Chair, Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands

Gerald Dubowitz, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

Yasser El-Wazir, Professor and Head of Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. Director of the Quality Assurance Center, Suez Canal University, Egypt

Kevin W. Eva, PhD, Hon FAcadMEd, Associate Director and Senior Scientist, Centre for Health Education Scholarship; Professor and Director of Education Research and Scholarship, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Dawn Forman, PhD MBA, Visiting Professor University of Derby, UK, and University of Chichester, UK, Adjunct Professor Curtin University, Australia, and Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand

Janneke Frambach, MA(Hons), MSc(Hons), PhD, Assistant Professor, School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands

Gareth Frith, BA, Technology Enhanced Learning Manager, Leeds Institute of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

Ève-Reine Gagné, MD, FRCPC, Vice-Dean, Undergraduate Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Peter Gallagher, RN, MA, PhD, Medical Education Advisor University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand

Poh Sun Goh, MBBS(Melb), FRCR, FAMS, MHPE(Maastricht), Associate Professor and Senior Consultant Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Katherine T. Gavin, MB BCh BAO, BSc, MBA, PhD, Healthcare Management Consultant, formerly Clinical Lecturer in Medical Education, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

Trevor Gibbs, MD, DA, MMedSci, FRCGP, SFHEA, FAcadMED, Consultant in Medical Education, Primary Care and Adolescent Health and the Development Officer for the Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE)

Daniel Gladu, Dipl. Ed., 3rd cycle, CHRP, Education Design Specialist, Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Kadayam G. Gomathi, PhD, GradDipHPE, Professor of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

Chivaugn Gordon, MBChB, Dip HIV Man. Dip. Mental Health, Lecturer and Head of Undergraduate Obstetrics and Gynaecology Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

David Gordon, FRCP, FMedSci, President, World Federation for Medical Education, Ferney-Voltaire, France

Ann Graillon, MD, MHA, FRCPC, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Pédagogie des Sciences de la Santé (CPSS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Lesley Gray, FFPH, MPH, MSc, Senior Lecturer, Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand

Jennene Greenhill, RN, BA, MSPD, PhD, Professor and Associate Dean, Flinders University Rural Clinical School, Coordinator Masters of Clinical Education, Renmark, Australia

Tarun Sen Gupta, MBBS, PhD, FACRRM, FRACGP, Professor of Health Professional Education and Director of Medical Education, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia

Maryellen E. Gusic, MD, Chief Medical Education Officer, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

Hossam Hamdy, MBChB, MCh, FRCS, FACS, PhD(Edu), Professor of Surgery and Medical Education, Vice Chancellor for Medical and Health Sciences Colleges; Dean, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

John Hamilton, BA, DipEd, MEd(TESOL), Lecturer/Educational Developer, Department of Academic Support and Development, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia

Orla Hanratty, BEd, MSc, Lecturer in Education in the School of Education, Trinity College Dublin and Learning Development Officer in Dublin Institute of Technology. Formerly Curriculum Advisor and Lecturer in Medical Education in the School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

Ronald M. Harden, OBE, MD, FRCP(GLAS.), FRCS(ED.), FRCPC, Professor Emeritus Medical Education University of Dundee, General Secretary, Editor, Medical Teacher Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE), UK

Sharon Hatcher, MD, FCFP, Saguenay Medical Program Director, Associate Dean, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Richard Hays, MBBS PhD MD FRACGP, Professor of Medical Education (Dean of Medicine) at the University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

Anna T. Heino, Medical Student, University of Helsinki, Finland

Kari Heinonen, MD (medical student during the writing of the manuscript), University of Helsinki, Finland

Amanda Henderson, RN, RM, PhD, Nursing Director (Education), Queensland Health Research Fellow, ALTC Discipline Scholar (Health), Australian Learning and Teaching Fellow, Professor, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia

Somaya Hosny, MD, PhD, MHPE, Professor, Dean, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt

Sylvie Houde, PhD, Educational Developer, Centre de Pédagogie des Sciences de la Santé (CPSS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Koo Wen Hsin, MBBS(S’pore), FRCP(Edin), Associate Professor, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Group Director, Education, Singhealth, Singapore

Jannie Hugo, MB, ChB, M Fam Med, Professor and Head, Department of Family Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa

Dan Hunt, MD, MBA, LCME Co-Secretary, Senior Director for Accreditation Services, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC, USA

Kristijan Jejcic, MD, Resident of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Maribor, Slovenia; formerly Vice-Dean for Student Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia

M. Douglas Jones Jr, MD, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

Paul Kneath Jones, RGN, BSc, Honorary Associate Professor and Programme Director, Swansea College of Medicine, Swansea, UK

Minna Kaila, MD, PhD, Special Competence in Medical Education, Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki; President, Association for Medical Education in Finland, Helsinki, Finland

Robert Kamei, MD, Professor and Vice Dean, Education, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore; Professor of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC, USA

Catherine Kennedy, MA(Hons), MSc, PhD, Education Officer, Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE), Dundee, UK

Athol Kent, MBChB, MPhil, FRCOG, FCOG(SA) Ad Eundem, Emeritus Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa

Máire Kerrin, BSc, MSc, PhD, CPsychol, Director at the Work Psychology Group, UK

Debra L. Klamen, MD, MHPE, Professor and Chair, Department of Medical Education, Associate Dean for Education and Curriculum, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA

Sharon Knight, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

Stephen Knight, BSc(Med), MBBCh(Wits), DTM&H, DPHC(Ed), FCPHM(SA), Public Health Medicine Physician, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Abner Korn, MD, Professor , Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

Tadahiko Kozu, MD, Professor Emeritus, formerly Professor of Gastroenterology and Chairman of Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

Ivan Krajnc, MD, PhD, Professor of Internal Medicine and Dean, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia

Natalie Lafferty BSc(Hons), Director Technology in Learning, Technology and Innovation in Learning Team, College of Medicine, Nursing and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

Chi-Wan Lai, MD, Chairman, Taiwan Medical Accreditation Council, Taipei, Taiwan

Pankaj Lamba, MBBS, DO(Gold Medalist), DNB FRCS(Glasg), GradDipHPE, Clinical Assistant Professor in Ophthalmology, Gulf Medical University, Specialist in Ophthalmology, GMC Hospital and Research Center, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

J. Lindsey Lane, BMBCh, Professor and Vice Chair of Education, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

Joel H. Lanphear, PhD, Interim Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant Michigan, USA

Sarah Larkins, MBBS, MPH&TM, BMedSci PhD, FRACGP, FARGP, Professor and Associate Dean of Research, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Co-Director, Anton Breinl Research Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia

Felicia Lester, MD, MPH, Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

Victor Lim, MB, MSc, FRCPath, Vice President (Education) and Professor of Pathology, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

William K. Lim, BPharm, FSHP(Aust), MS, PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia

Chyi-Her Lin, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

Stefan Lindgren, MD, PhD, FACP, FRCP, Professor in Medicine, Senior Consultant in Gastroenterology, Past President World Federation for Medical Education, Lund University, University Hospital Skane, Sweden

Keh-Min Liu, DDS, PhD, Professor of Anatomy, School of Medicine; Chair, Center of Medical Education Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Claire MacRae, BMSc(Hons) PGCE, Staff Development Officer at University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

Hina Mahboob, MD, Associate Director Internal Medicine Residency Program, Aurora Health Care and Assistant Professor, Medicine (Clinical Adjunct), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

Ahmed Maherzi, MD, Professor of Paediatrics and Dean of Tunis Medical School, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia

Donna B. Mak, MBBS, MPH, Chair, Population and Preventive Health Domain, School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia

Venkatramana Manda, MBBS, MS, FRCSEd, GradDipHPE, Clinical Professor of Surgery and Dean, College of Medicine, Consultant Surgeon, GMC Hospital and Research, Center, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

Stuart Martin, BSc, MSc, CPsychol, Senior Psychologist at the Work Psychology Group, UK

Puti Marzoeki, MD, MPH, Senior Health Specialist, World Bank, Jakarta, Indonesia

Christine C. Matson MD, Glenn Mitchell Chair in Generalist Medicine, Chair, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

Marie Matte, BA, ART, MEd, PhD, Associate Dean, Compliance, Assessment, and Evaluation, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant Michigan, USA

Peter McCrorie, BSc, PhD, Professor of Medical Education, St George’s, University of London, UK

Patrick McHugh, MB, ChB, FRNZCGP, FRCUC, FDRHM, Programme Leader, Tairawhiti Interprofessional Education Programme, University of Otago, New Zealand

Judy McKimm, BA, MA(Ed), MBA, Dean and Professor of Medical Education, Swansea University, UK

Eileen McKinlay, RN, MA(App), Senior Lecturer, Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand

Michelle McLean, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD MEd, Professor and Associate Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia

Regina Helena Petroni Mennin, BS, CHES, MHS, DrPH, Professor of Human Sciences in Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil

Stewart Mennin, BS, MS, PhD, Principal, Mennin Consulting and Associates, Professor Emeritus, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Assistant Dean Emeritus, Educational Development and Research, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

Simeon Mining, DVM, MSc, PhD, DMed (h.c), Moi University, Department of Immunology, Kenya, Nairobi

Gary Mires, Dean of Medical Education, Professor of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

Veronica Mitchell, BSc(Physio) MPhil(HES), Facilitator, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, PhD Candidate, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa

Alexandra Muller, Dr Med, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Health and Human Rights Programme, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa

Richard Murray, MBBS MPH&TM DipRANZCOG FACRRM FRACGP, Dean and Head of College, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia

Mark Muyingo, Lecturer Directorate of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda

Elza Mylona, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Vice Dean of Faculty Affairs and Professional Development, Eastern Virginia Medical School, USA

Naghma Naeem, BSc, MBBS, MMed, PhD, Associate Professor and Head of Department of Medical Education, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Mathieu Nendaz, MD, MHPE, Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and Medical Education, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland

Jonas Nordquist, PhD, Director Medical Case Centre, Karolinska Institutet and Associate Director Residency Programs, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden

Yosam Nsubuga, Lecturer, Directorate of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda

S. Scott Obenshain, MD, Executive Dean, Ross University School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

Maree O’Keefe, PhD, MBBS, DCCH, FRACP, Professor and Associate Dean Learning and Teaching, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

Louricha A. Opina-Tan, MD, Diplomate, Philippine Academy of Family Physicians (DPAFP), Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines

Steve B. Pandey, MBBS, FRCS, Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcester, UK

Jared Papa, MPAS, PA-C, Clinical Assistant Professor, Service Learning Coordinator, Idaho State University, Physician Assistant Program, Meridian, Idaho, USA

Elizabeth R. Paterno, MD, MPH, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Ermita, Manila, Philippines

Fiona Patterson, BSc, MSc, PhD, CPsychol, AcSS, FRSA, FCMI, FRCGP(Hon), Professor, Principal Researcher, University of Cambridge, UK

Sheilla K. Pinjani, MBBS, MPHIL, MMedEd, Lecturer, Department for Educational Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Anne Pitkäranta, Vice Dean (Education), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland

Claire Pomeroy, MD, MBA, President, Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation, New York, New York, USA

Gominda Ponnamperuma, MBBS(Colombo), Dip. Psychology(Colombo), MMEd(Dundee), PhD(Dundee), Senior Lecturer in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

Robyn Preston, MHSc(HealthProm) PGCertDisasRefugHlth BA(DevS)(Hons), Lecturer and PhD Candidate, General Practice and Rural Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia

Sue Pullon, MBChB, FRNZCGP, MPHC, Associate Professor and Head of Department, Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand

Nancy Margarita Rehatta, MD, PhD, Professor in Anesthesiology; Head, Medical Education, Research and Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Indonesia

Stephen Reid, BSc, MBChB, MFamMed, PhD, Professor and Chair of Primary Health Care, Primary Health Care Directorate, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa

Harold I. Reiter, MD, MEd, FRCPC, DABR, Professor, Department of Oncology, Assistant Dean and Director, Program for Educational Research and Development, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

Arnoldo Riquelme, MD, MMed, Department of Gastroenterology, Centre for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Trudie Roberts, BSc, MBChB, PhD, FRCP, FHEA, NTF, Hon FAcadMEd, Director, Leeds Institute of Medical Education University of Leeds, UK

Simone Ross, BPsych and MDR, Lecturer, General Practice and Rural Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia

Jonathan Round, Dr, Reader in Clinical Education, Consultant in Paediatric Intensive Care, Institute of BioMedical Education, St George’s, University of London, UK

Emma Rowett, BSc, MSc, Consultant Psychologist at the Work Psychology Group, UK

T. James Royle, MBChB, FRCS, MMedEd, National Laparoscopic Colorectal Fellow, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Shazia Sadaf, BDS, MMEdEd, Visiting Faculty, Department for Educational Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Farid Saleh, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

John Sandars, MD, MSc, MRCP, MRCGP, FAcadMEd, CertEd, Professor of Medical Education, Director of Research, Medical Education, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK

Antonio Sansevero, MD, MHPE, Pediatric Surgeon, Assistant Professor, Federal University of Roraima, Brazil

Michael Schmidts, MD, MME, Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Education, Medical University of Vienna, Austria

Lambert Schuwirth, MD, PhD, Professor of Medical Education, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, Professor for Innovative Assessment, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands

Mark Servis, MD, Senior Associate Dean for Medical Education, Roy Brophy Chair and Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, USA

Ishtiyaq A. Shaafie, MBBS, MD, GradDipHPE, Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

Mohamed H. Shehata, MRCGP, MD, JMHPE, Associate Professor of Family Medicine, Suez Canal University, Medical Education Consultant at the Egyptian Fellowship – Ministry of Health, Ismailia, Egypt

Nicole Shilkofski, MD, MEd, FAAP, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Former Vice Dean for Education at Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Deborah Simpson, PhD, Director Medical Education Programs, Aurora Health Care and Professor, Family and Community Medicine (Clinical Adjunct), Medical College of Wisconsin and University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

Margot Skinner, PhD, MPhEd, DipPhty, FNZCP, Senior Lecturer, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

David Snadden, MBChB, MClSc, MD, FRCGP, FRCP(Edin), CCFP, Professor of Family Practice, Executive Associate Dean Education, University of British Columbia, Canada

Jennifer Soep, MD, Associate Professor and Pediatric Clerkship Director, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

Rita Sood, MD, MMEd, FAMS, FRCP, Professor, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi , India

Ruy Souza, Assistant Professor of Neurology and Medical Education, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil

Carole Steketee, PhD, BEd(Hons), BA(Ed), Professor and Associate Dean of Teaching and Learning, School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Australia

Roger Strasser, MBBS, BMedSc, MClSc, FRACGP, FACRRM, FRCGP(Hon), Professor and Dean, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead and Laurentian Universities, Thunder Bay and Sudbury, Canada

Abu Bakar Suleiman, MDBS, FRACP, MMed, President, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Adrianta Surjadhana, MD, Senior Lecturer Physiology, Department Physiology, School of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

David Talford, MPAS, PA-C, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Meridian, Idaho, USA

Kok Leong Tan, MBBCh, BAO, MPH, MPH Family Health, Senior Lecturer in Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mirella Youssef Tawfik, MD, PHPSMed, Assistant Professor of Public Health, Community Medicine, Former Director of Clinical Skills Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Fred Tromp, PhD, Researcher, Department of Primary Care and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands

Betsy VanLeit, PhD, OTR/L, Associate Professor and Director, Occupational Therapy Program, Department of Pediatrics, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

Jacqueline van Wyk, BSc(Ed), UWC, BEd, MEd(UN), PhD(UKZN), FAIMER, Consultant Clinical and Professional Education, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Manda Venkatramana, MBBS, MS, FRCSEd, GradDipHPE, Clinical Professor of Surgery and Dean, College of Medicine, Consultant Surgeon, GMC Hospital and Research Center, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

Margit I. Vermeulen, MD, MSc, PhD, General Practitioner, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Netherlands

Aaron I. Vinik, MD, PhD, FCP, MACP, FACE, Murray Waitzer Endowed Chair for Diabetes Research, Professor of Medicine/Pathology/Neurobiology, Director of Research and Neuroendocrine Unit, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

Nu Viet Vu, PhD, Professor of Medical Education and Director of the Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland

Donna Waechter, PhD, LCME Assistant Secretary, Senior Director, LCME Surveys and Team Training, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC, USA

Michaela Wagner-Menghin, Priv.-Doz. Mag. Dr., Assistant Professor, Department for Medical Education, Medical University Vienna, Austria

David Wilkinson, MBChB, FRCP, PhD, DSc, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Corporate Engagement and Advancement), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

Ian Wilson, MBBS, FRACGP, MAssess&Eval, PhD, Dean of Medicine, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia

Marianne Xhignesse, MD, MSc, Professor, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Centre de Pédagogie des Sciences de la Santé (CPSS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Hematram Yadav, MBBS, MPH, MBA, FAMM, Professor in Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Shajahan Yasin, MBBS, FRACGP, MAFP, Professor and Director of Curriculum, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia

Mei Ling Young, BA, MA, PhD, Provost, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Naveed Yousuf, MBBS, MBA, Adv Dip HPE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department for Educational Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Marko Zdravkovic, MD, Resident of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Maribor; Teaching Assistant in Physiology and formerly Head of Centre for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia

Rukhsana W. Zuberi, MD, FCPS-Med MHPE, The Noor Mohammad E Mewawalla Professor of Family Medicine and Associate Dean Education, Chair of Department for Educational Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Pakistan