1. This chapter is in large part an abbreviated version of O’Rourke (2017), which was itself a revised version of a lecture delivered on 11 November 2016 at the NUIG National Conference entitled ‘1916–2016: The Promise and Challenge of National Sovereignty’.
2. The data are available at www.cso.ie, Key Table E2001.
3. For a similar discussion, see Ó Gráda (1997), pp. 2–4.
4. I document this at great length in O’Rourke (2017).
5. Neary and Ó Gráda (1991); O’Rourke (1991).
6. Ó Gráda (1997), pp. 21–5.
7. O’Rourke (2017) also discusses the recurrent balance of payments crises of the period, a problem that Ireland shared with the UK and other former British colonies.
8. Clemens and Williamson (2004).
9. In light of recent controversies it is interesting to note that this soon figured as a potential concern on the radar screens of foreign governments, appearing to be potentially in breach of the OEEC ban on artificial aids to exporters. The OEEC approved the initiative, however, since it seemed to signal a growing outward orientation on the part of the Irish government (Barry and O’Mahony, 2016).
10. de la Escosura and Sanz (1996), pp. 369–70.
11. Costa et al. (2016), pp. 308–9.
12. Paavonen (2004).
13. Freris (1986), pp. 201–2.
14. The classic reference remains Maher (1986). On the history of Ireland’s subsequent membership of the EU, see for example Laffan and O’Mahony (2008).
15. Freris (1986), pp. 171–2.
16. Kopsidis and Ivanov (2017), p. 108.
17. Ferreira da Silva (2016). According to the same author, the inflow in 1961 was as high as the total inflow experienced during the entire 1950s.
18. Barry and Bradley (1997), p. 1809.
19. Recall that EFTA aimed not only to dismantle industrial tariffs between its own member states, but eventually to negotiate tariff reductions vis-à-vis the EEC as well.
20. Which is when reliable GDP estimates for Wales and Northern Ireland become available.
21. See Chapter 5 and Ó Gráda and O’Rourke (1996).
22. Campos et al. (2014).
23. Katzenstein (1985).
24. Ó Gráda and O’Rourke (2000).