Preface: The American Spectacle
1. Jim Lehrer, Tension City: Inside the Presidential Debates, from Kennedy-Nixon to Obama-McCain (New York: Random House, 2012), 52.
2. Jon Stewart, The Daily Show, Comedy Central, “Sigh Language,” October 4, 2000, http://www.cc.com/video-clips/s1p0eg/the-daily-show-with-jon-stewart-indecision-2000—sigh-language.
Prologue: The Trophy President
1. Reid Epstein, “Obama: ‘You Don’t Put Stuff on Your Head If You’re President,’” Politico44 (blog), April 12, 2013, http://www.politico.com/blogs/politico44/2013/04/obama-you-dont-put-stuff-on-your-head-if-youre-president-161546.
2. Brian Williams, Nightly News, NBC, April 12, 2013, http://www.nbcnews.com/video/nightly-news/51523163#51523163.
Introduction: Politics 101
1. Andrew Rosenthal, “Bush Encounters the Supermarket, Amazed,” New York Times, February 5, 1992, http://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/05/us/bush-encounters-the-supermarket-amazed.html.
Chapter 1: The Advance Man
1. Philip Lentz, “Dukakis Picks Bentsen as No. 2,” Chicago Tribune, July 13, 1988, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1988-07-13/news/8801140840_1_dukakis-aides-michael-dukakis-new-hampshire-democratic-chairman.
2. Nielsen, “Highest Rated Presidential Debates 1960 to Present,” October 6, 2008, http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2008/top-ten-presidential-debates-1960-to-present.html.
3. Maureen Dowd, “The Presidential Debate; 2 Rivals in Red Ties Speak Softly, Looking for Jabs and the TV Cameras,” New York Times, September 26, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/26/us/presidential-debate-2-rivals-red-ties-speak-softly-looking-for-jabs-tv-cameras.html.
4. A full transcript and video of the debate are available from C-SPAN at http://www.c-span.org/video/?4256-1/presidential-candidates-debate.
5. Morgan Whitaker, “The Legacy of the Willie Horton Ad Lives on, 25 Years Later,” MSNBC, October 21, 2013, http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/the-legacy-the-willie-horton-ad-lives.
6. The “Weekend Passes” ad can be seen at Museum of the Moving Image, “The Living Room Candidate: Presidential Campaign Commercials 1952–2012,” online exhibition, http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1988/willie-horton; the “Revolving Door” ad can be seen at Museum of the Moving Image, “The Living Room Candidate: Presidential Campaign Commercials 1952–2012,” online exhibition, http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1988/revolving-door.
7. Bret Schulte, “Michael Dukakis: The Photo Op That Tanked, QA with Michael Dukakis,” U.S. News & World Report, January 17, 2008, http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/01/17/the-photo-op-that-tanked.
8. Times Wire Services, “Reagan on Dukakis: ‘I Won’t Pick on Invalid’: ‘Just Trying to be Funny,’ President Later Says of His Answer to Question on Medical Records,” August 3, 1988, http://articles.latimes.com/1988-08-03/news/mn-6862_1_medical-records.
9. Steven V. Roberts, “Bush Intensifies Debate on Pledge, Asking Why It So Upsets Dukakis,” New York Times, August 25, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/25/us/bush-intensifies-debate-on-pledge-asking-why-it-so-upsets-dukakis.html.
10. UPI, “Kitty Dukakis, Wife of Democratic Presidential Nominee Michael Dukakis . . . ,” August 25, 1988, http://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/08/25/Kitty-Dukakis-wife-of-Democratic-presidential-nominee-Michael-Dukakis/3260588484800/.
11. Ibid.
12. Mark Gearan, interview by the author’s assistant, Steve Silverman, August 25, 2013.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. E. J. Dionne Jr., “Dukakis Campaign Fights Slump with New Look and Sharper Edge,” New York Times, September 9, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/09/us/dukakis-campaign-fights-slump-with-new-look-and-sharper-edge.html.
16. Mark Gearan, interview by the author.
17. E. J. Dionne Jr., “Dukakis Campaign Fights Slump.”
18. Madeleine Albright, interview by the author, July 17, 2013.
19. Matt Bennett, interview by the author, July 18, 2013.
20. Matt Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event” (unpublished journal), November 1988, 6.
21. Jerry Bruno with Jeff Greenfield, The Advance Man (New York: William Morrow, 1971), 15.
22. Box Office Mojo, “Smokey and the Bandit,” http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=smokeyandthebandit.htm.
23. Josh King, “Notes for Advanced Teams” (unpublished tract, 1996); Josh King, “Creating Visuals and Presidential-Style Communications” (unpublished tract, 1998). Copies of both tracts are available at the author’s website, www.polioptics.com.
24. “Dukakis Advance Manual Title” (unpublished tract, 1988), 4.
25. David Rosenbaum, “Dukakis, at Coal Mine, Calls for Energy Policy,” New York Times, May 6, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/06/us/dukakis-at-coal-mine-calls-for-energy-policy.html.
26. Joyce Carrier, interview by the author, September 23, 2013.
27. “Dukakis Advance Manual Title,” 3.
28. Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event.”
Chapter 2: Playing With Firepower
1. Robert Shogan, “Bush, Dukakis Victors in N.H.: Gephardt 2nd and Simon 3rd for Democrats,” Los Angeles Times, February 17, 1988, http://articles.latimes.com/1988-02-17/news/mn-29372_1_paul-simon.
2. Robin Toner, “Lucky Dukakis Sits above the Fray,” New York Times, February 15, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/15/us/lucky-dukakis-sits-above-the-fray.html.
3. Ibid.
4. Bob Drogin, “Says He’s Toughest on Defense: Dukakis Carries New Message to the South,” Los Angeles Times, February 18, 1988, http://articles.latimes.com/1988-02-18/news/mn-43695_1_michael-dukakis.
5. Ibid.
6. E. J. Dionne Jr., “New York Gives Dukakis a Crucial Victory; Jackson Far Ahead of Gore, Who May Quit,” New York Times, April 20, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/20/us/new-york-gives-dukakis-a-crucial-victory-jackson-far-ahead-of-gore-who-may-quit.html.
7. “Transcript of the Keynote Address by Ann Richards, the Texas Treasurer,” New York Times, July 19, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/19/us/text-richards.html?pagewanted=all.
8. Ibid.
9. Video of the speech is available at “Bill Clinton’s Democratic Convention Speeches,” New York Times, September 5, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/09/05/us/politics/clinton-dnc-speeches.html?_r=0.
10. NBC, Nightly News, July 19, 1988, YouTube video, “Clinton Booed at Convention 1988 ElectionWallDotOrg.flv,” posted by “ElectionWall.org,” June 2, 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5FpRg3Tf9Y.
11. Ibid.
12. Harry Thomason, “Clinton’s Carson Appearance,” video and transcript, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/bonus-video/clinton-carson/.
13. ABC, World News, July 21, 1988, YouTube video, “ABC World News July 21, 1988 Atlanta Democratic Convention Part 1,” posted by “Bob Parker,” May 22, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDH3U8tpOSg.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. “1988: When Bill Clinton Wouldn’t Stop Talking,” National Journal, September 3, 2012, http://news.yahoo.com/1988-bill-clinton-wouldn-t-stop-talking-162037711—politics.html.
18. A transcript of the speech, “A New Era of Greatness for America,” is available from the American Presidency Project at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25961.
19. David Blomquist, “Dukakis Recalls a Simpler Army Life: He’s in Favor of Conventional Arms,” Record (Bergen), August 12, 1988.
20. Ben Bradlee Jr., “Dukakis Reiterates Defense Stance, Backs Conventional Systems Candidate Visits 2 Military Bases after Delivering a Speech at NYU,” Boston Globe, August 12, 1988.
21. Ibid.
22. Bob Drogin, “Revisits Army Basic Training Site: Dukakis Seeks to Blunt GOP Defense Charges,” Los Angeles Times, August 12, 1988.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Miller Center, “Interview with James P. Pinkerton,” University of Virginia, February 6, 2001, http://millercenter.org/oralhistory/interview/james-pinkerton.
26. Ibid.
27. Michael Oreskes, “Bush Overtakes Dukakis in a Poll,” New York Times, August 23, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/23/us/bush-overtakes-dukakis-in-a-poll.html.
28. Ibid.
29. Jim Steinberg, interview by the author, July 24, 2013.
30. Edward Walsh, “Dukakis Would Swap SDI for ‘Conventional Defense Initiative,’” Washington Post, November 14, 1987, http://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/11/14/dukakis-would-swap-sdi-for-conventional-defense-initiative/52e87a80-c14e-4cc6-afde-d8f0823fdae2/.
31. Jim Steinberg, interview by the author.
32. Lewis Sorley, “The Way of the Soldier: Remembering General Creighton Abrams,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, May 2013, http://www.fpri.org/articles/2013/05/way-soldier-remembering-general-creighton-abrams.
33. Ro McGonegal, “First Test: M1 Abrams Tank,” Motor Trend, April 1982, http://www.motortrend.com/classic/roadtests/8204_first_test_m1_abrams/viewall.html.
34. Ibid.
35. Gordon England, interview by the author, August 27, 2013.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
Chapter 3: This Whole Idea Stinks
1. William J. Clinton, “The President’s News Conference in Lyons,” June 29, 1996, online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=53011.
2. Don Baer, in discussion with the author, December 9, 2015.
3. “Dukakis Advance Manual” (unpublished tract, 1988), 2, 10.
4. Matt Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” unpublished journal, November 1988, 1–2.
5. Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” 2.
6. Joyce Carrier, interview by the author, September 23, 2013.
7. John Eades, interview by the author’s assistant, Steve Silverman, September 22, 2013.
8. Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” 2.
9. Steven V. Roberts, “Moscow Summit; President Charms Students, but His Ideas Lack Converts,” New York Times, June 1, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/01/world/moscow-summit-president-charms-students-but-his-ideas-lack-converts.html.
10. Jim Steinberg, interview by the author, July 24, 2013.
11. Madeleine Albright, interview by the author, July 17, 2013.
12. Mindy Lubber, interview by the author’s assistant, Steve Silverman, August 24, 2013.
13. Susan Estrich, interview by the author’s assistant, Steve Silverman, August 24, 2013.
14. Ibid.
15. Robin Toner, “Dukakis Rehires Aide Who Left after Role in Ending Biden Drive,” September 3, 1988, New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/03/us/dukakis-rehires-aide-who-left-after-role-in-ending-biden-drive.htm.
16. Mindy Lubber, interview by Steve Silverman.
17. George Skelton, “The Times Poll: Presidential Nominees in 47%-47% Dead Heat,” Los Angeles Times, September 14, 1988, http://articles.latimes.com/1988-09-14/news/mn-1902_1_times-poll.
18. Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” 3.
19. Ibid.
20. Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” 3–4.
21. Mindy Lubber, interview by Steve Silverman.
Chapter 4: The Troubleshooter
1. Matt Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” unpublished journal, November 1988.
2. Ibid., 3.
3. Don Gilleland, interview by the author’s assistant, Steve Silverman, September 1, 2013.
4. Ibid.
5. Nick Mitropoulos, interview by the author’s assistant, Steve Silverman, August 29, 2013.
6. Neal Flieger, interview by the author, July 18, 2013.
7. Andrew Rosenthal, “Dukakis Focusing on Military Policy,” New York Times, September 12, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/12/us/dukakis-focusing-on-military-policy.html.
8. Kenneth J. Cooper, “National Defense Focus of Dukakis,” Philadelphia Inquirer, September 12, 1988, http://articles.philly.com/1988-09-12/news/26232352_1_michael-s-dukakis-campaign-schedule-defense-plants.
9. Bob Drogin, “Dukakis Steps Up Attack on Bush Camp-Bahamas Ties,” Los Angeles Times, September 11, 1988, http://articles.latimes.com/1988-09-11/news/mn-2821_1_bush-campaign.
10. Maureen Dowd, “Adviser to Bush Quits G.O.P. Post amid Anti-Semitism Allegations,” New York Times, September 12, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/12/us/adviser-to-bush-quits-gop-post-amid-anti-semitism-allegations.html?pagewanted=all.
11. James Gerstenzang, “Bush Aide Who Probed ‘Jewish Cabal’ Resigns: Nominee Condemns Bigotry, Says He Believes Official Who Investigated for Nixon Does Too,” Los Angeles Times, September 12, 1988, http://articles.latimes.com/1988-09-12/news/mn-1352_1_bush-campaign.
12. Robert Schnakenberg, Crazy Sh*t Presidents Said: The Most Surprising, Shocking, and Stupid Statements Ever Made by U.S. Presidents, from George Washington to Barack Obama (Philadelphia: Running Press, 2012), 139.
13. William M. Welch, “Reporters Call His Plane ‘Sky Pig’ but Dukakis Likes the Thing,” Associated Press, October 1, 1988, http://www.apnewsarchive.com/198/Reporters-Call-His-Plane-Sky-Pig-But-Dukakis-Likes-the-Thing/id-00a564598fddb662122bf5b56d5e423b.
14. Andrew Rosenthal, “Dukakis Stresses Defense, Ridicules Bush and Quayle,” New York Times, September 13, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/13/us/dukakis-stresses-defense-ridicules-bush-and-quayle.html.
15. John Nolan, “Pro-Bush Hecklers Drown Dukakis in a Sea of Boos,” Associated Press, September 13, 1988, https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1696&dat=19880913&id=GioeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BpgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2972,2680019&hl=en.
16. Philip Lentz, “Defense Workers Jeer Dukakis,” Chicago Tribune, September 13, 1988, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1988-09-13/news/8801290879_1_anti-dukakis-michael-dukakis-foreign-policy.
17. Joe Lockhart, interview by the author, July 18, 2013.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. George Condon, “Dukakis Booed—Cincinnati Defense Workers Hoot at Democrat Nominee,” Copley News Service, September 13, 1988.
21. Joe Lockhart, interview by the author.
Chapter 5: Game Day
1. Matt Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” unpublished journal, November 1988.
2. Matt Bennett, interview by the author, July 18, 2013.
3. Jack Weeks, interview by the author, August 6, 2013.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” 3.
7. Ibid., 4.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Bob Drogin, “Dukakis Calls for Use of Economic Leverage on Soviets,” Los Angeles Times, September 14, 1988, http://articles.latimes.com/1988-09-14/news/mn-1932_1_soviet-leader.
11. Arthur Grace, Choose Me: Portraits of a Presidential Race (New England: University Press, 1989).
12. Arthur Grace, interview by the author, May 26, 2015.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” 5.
16. Jack Weeks, interview by the author.
17. Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” 5.
18. Ibid.
19. Arthur Grace, Choose Me, 94.
20. Madeleine Albright, interview by the author, July 17, 2013.
21. Ibid.
22. Joe Lockhart, interview by the author, July 18, 2013.
23. Nick Mitropoulos, interview by the author’s assistant, Steve Silverman, August 29, 2013.
24. Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” 5.
25. One notable example of the protocol being suspended was in 2003, when George W. Bush flew from San Diego to the deck of the USS Abraham Lincoln in the copilot’s seat in the cockpit of an SB-3 Viking.
26. Arthur Grace, Choose Me, 100.
27. Jack Weeks, interview by the author.
28. Ibid.
29. Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” 6.
30. Arthur Grace, interview by the author.
31. Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” 6.
Chapter 6: A Story with Legs
1. Ronald Reagan, “The Boys of Pointe du Hoc,” speech, June 6, 1984, YouTube video, posted by “ReaganFoundation,” April 16, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEIqdcHbc8I.
2. Bill Clinton to Colonel Eugene Holmes, December 3, 1969, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/clinton/etc/draftletter.html.
3. Congressional Medal of Honor Society, citation for Walter D. Ehlers, December 19, 1944, http://www.cmohs.org/recipient-detail/2724/ehlers-walter-d.php.
4. Karen Ball, unpublished pool report in author’s collection, June 6, 1994.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Maureen Dowd, “On Washington; Beached,” New York Times Magazine, June 19, 1994, http://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/19/magazine/on-washington-beached.html.
8. Michael Kelly, “The President’s Past,” New York Times Magazine, July 31, 1994, http://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/31/magazine/the-president-s-past.html?pagewanted=all.
9. Matt Bennett, “Sterling Heights, MI Tank Event,” unpublished journal, November 1988, 6.
10. Joe Lockhart, interview by the author, July 18, 2013.
11. Jim Irwin, “Dukakis Jockeys Tank, Vows to Beef Up Conventional Weapons,” Associated Press Political Service, September 13, 1988.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Bob Drogin, “Dukakis Calls for Use of Economic Leverage on Soviets,” Los Angeles Times, September 14, 1988, http://articles.latimes.com/1988-09-14/news/mn-1932_1_soviet-leader.
15. Bob Drogin, “How Presidential Race Was Won and Lost: Michael S. Dukakis,” Los Angeles Times, November 10, 1988, http://articles.latimes.com/1988-11-10/news/mn-299_1_dukakis-lost-reelection.
16. Drogin, “Dukakis Calls for Use of Economic Leverage on Soviets.”
17. Ibid.
18. Bernard Weinraub, “Campaign Trail; Loaded for Bear and Then Some,” New York Times, September 14, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/14/us/campaign-trail-loaded-for-bear-and-then-some.html.
19. Ibid.
20. Pew Research Center, “Network TV: Evening News Overall Viewership since 1980,” http://www.journalism.org/media-indicators/network-tv-evening-news-overall-viewership-since-1980/.
21. Tom Brokaw, Nightly News, NBC, September 13, 1988. All further references to this segment are drawn from a video of the broadcast in the author’s private collection.
Chapter 7: Tank You Very Much
1. Mindy Lubber, interview by the author’s assistant, Steve Silverman, August 24, 2013.
2. Ibid.
3. Rich Bond, interview by the author, September 11, 2013.
4. Ibid.
5. David Demarest, interview by the author, September 12, 2013.
6. David Demarest, “Line of the Day,” September 14, 1988.
7. David Demarest, “Line of the Day,” September 15, 1988.
8. Bill Peterson, “Bush Says Rival Can’t ‘Fool’ Voters on Defense,” Washington Post, September 17, 1988, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/09/17/bush-says-rival-cant-fool-voters-on-defense/5e84110e-3df1-4209-bcde-697f6409edb1/.
9. Ibid.
10. Christine Chinlund, “Bush Takes Aim at Dukakis’ Message on Defense,” Boston Globe, September 17, 1988, http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8079424.html.
11. Editorial, State-Journal Register (Springfield, IL), September 18, 1988.
12. Ibid.
13. Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, “Why Dukakis Is Down,” Washington Post, September 19, 1988, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1988/09/19/why-dukakis-is-down/8743d0c8-d101-4a9e-a01b-0b52bd7dc5c0/.
14. Associated Press, “Poll Indicates Dukakis Lost Ground with Tank Ride,” September 20, 1988.
15. Maralee Schwartz, “An Image-Making Flop,” Washington Post, September 21, 1988.
16. Lois Romano, “Chris Edley, Issues and Images,” Washington Post, September 21, 1988, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1988/09/21/chris-edley-issues-and-images/1af32485-f75e-4be4-bd46-094b0bc2ca11/.
17. Kiku Adatto, Picture Perfect: Life in the Age of the Photo Op (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008), 89.
18. Museum of the Moving Image, The Living Room Candidate: Presidential Campaign Commercials: 1952–2012 (online exhibition), “Revolving Door,” 1988, http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1988/revolving-door.
19. Sig Rogich, interview by the author, September 10, 2013.
20. Ibid.
21. Rich Bond, interview by the author.
22. Museum of the Moving Image, The Living Room Candidate: Presidential Campaign Commercials: 1952–2012 (online exhibition), “Tank Ride,” 1988, http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1988/tank-ride.
23. Sig Rogich, interview by the author.
24. David Hoffman, “Bush Pushes ‘Peace through Strength,’” Washington Post, October 19, 1988, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/10/19/bush-pushes-peace-through-strength/787c50e2-c4c2-4c82-a768-ce2a3d940681/.
25. Jeremy Gerard, “All-California World Series Poses Difficulties for NBC,” New York Times, October 15, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/15/business/all-california-world-series-poses-difficulties-for-nbc.html.
26. Chris Black, “Tank Gives Dukakis No Protection in Bush’s Latest Commercial Attack,” Boston Globe, October 19, 1988.
27. Jill Lawrence, “Bush to Use Dukakis’ Tank Ride in Commercials; Dukakis Counters with Drug Ad,” Associated Press, October 18, 1988.
28. Lloyd Grove, “TV News, Ad Images Melding,” Washington Post, October 20, 1988, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/10/20/tv-news-ad-images-melding/5d9ddea9-c6ac-4fa7-84d5-001c51144442/.
29. Ibid.
30. Museum of the Moving Image, The Living Room Candidate: Presidential Campaign Commercials: 1952–2012 (online exhibition), “Counterpunch,” 1988, http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1988/counterpunch.
31. Bret Schulte, “Michael Dukakis: The Photo Op That Tanked; QA with Michael Dukakis,” U.S. News & World Report, January 17, 2008, http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/01/17/the-photo-op-that-tanked.
32. Matt Bennett, interview by the author, July 18, 2013.
33. Michael Dukakis, email message to author, July 9, 2013.
Chapter 8: History Repeats Itself
1. Sarah Watts, Rough Rider in the White House: Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Desire (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 169.
2. Margaret Garrard Warner, “George Bush Battles the ‘Wimp Factor,’” Newsweek, October 19, 1987, http://www.newsweek.com/bush-battles-wimp-factor-207008.
3. George W. Bush, Decision Points (New York: Crown Publishers, 2010), 44.
4. Jeff Greenfield, Then Everything Changed: Stunning Alternate Histories of American Politics (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 2011). Citation retrieved from Google Books.
5. Matt Bai, All the Truth Is Out: The Week Politics Went Tabloid (New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2014), 88–90.
6. George Santayana, The Life of Reason, vol. 1, Reason in Common Sense (New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1905), 284.
7. Mike Moore, “Water Boarding: History Repeats Itself,” Green Valley News (AZ), December 13, 2014, http://www.gvnews.com/opinion/columns/water-boarding-history-repeats-itself/article_7bc4d874-8318-11e4-860c-1b60a91b2f69.html.
8. “Reagan-Carter Oct. 28, 1980 Debate—‘There You Go Again,’” YouTube video, posted by “MCamericanpresident,” September 25, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qN7gDRjTNf4.
9. “Debate between the President and Former Vice President Walter F. Mondale in Kansas City, Missouri,” Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library, video, http://www.reaganfoundation.org/reagan-quotes-detail.aspx?tx=2238.
10. Glenn Garvin, “Hatchet Job: Roger Stone’s Edgy Takes on History and Politics,” Miami Herald, October 14, 2014, http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article2766816.html.
11. Rachel Muir, “Saving the President,” George Washington Today, June 30, 2010, https://gwtoday.gwu.edu/saving-president.
12. PBS, “Carter’s ‘Crisis of Confidence’ Speech,” http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-crisis-speech/.
13. Howell Raines, “Party Nominates Rep. Ferraro; Mondale, in Acceptance, Vows Fair Policies and Deficit Cut,” New York Times, July 20, 1984, https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/840720convention-dem-ra.html.
14. Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Packaging the Presidency: A History and Criticism of Presidential Campaign Advertising (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), 448.
15. Tim Craig and Michael D. Shear, “Allen Quip Provokes Outrage, Apology,” Washington Post, August 15, 2006, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/14/AR2006081400589.html.
16. Julie Millican, “In Reporting Allen’s Use of Derogatory North African Word ‘Macaca,’ Most Major Media Outlets Ignored Allen’s Familial Ties to Region,” Media Matters for America, August 16, 2006, http://mediamatters.org/research/2006/08/16/in-reporting-allens-use-of-derogatory-north-afr/136408.
17. Jonathan Martin, “Senator’s Thesis Turns Out to Be Remix of Others’ Works, Uncited,” New York Times, July 23, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/us/politics/montana-senator-john-walsh-plagiarized-thesis.html?_r=2.
18. Chris Matthews, Hardball, MSNBC, July 24, 2014, video and transcript, https://grabien.com/file.php?id=22036.
19. Yahoo News, “Sen. John Walsh Responds to Plagiarism Revelations,” July 25, 2014, http://news.yahoo.com/video/exclusive-sen-john-walsh-responds-211044638.html.
20. Marisa Schultz, “GOP Researcher Responsible for Exposing Montana Senator,” New York Post, October 30, 2014, http://nypost.com/2014/10/30/gop-researcher-responsible-for-exposing-montana-senator/.
21. Jon Terbush, “14 Things Shorter Than Chris Christie’s Epic Press Conference over Bridgegate,” The Week, January 9, 2014, http://theweek.com/article/index/254922/14-things-shorter-than-chris-christies-epic-press-conference-over-bridgegate.
22. Liz Kreutz, “Hillary Clinton Defends High-Dollar Speaking Fees,” ABC News, June 9, 2014, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/hillary-clinton-defends-high-dollar-speaking-fees/story?id=24052962.
23. Jorge Ramos, “Hillary Clinton Regrets Saying She Was ‘Dead Broke,’ Feels Blessed by Success,” Fusion, July 28, 2014, http://fusion.net/video/3268/hillary-clinton-regrets-saying-she-was-dead-broke-feels-blessed-by-success/.
Chapter 9: 1992: Bush and the Supermarket Scanner
1. Colonel Jerald H. Narum to Justin McCarthy, December 8, 2014, Judicial Watch, http://www.judicialwatch.org/document-archive/obama-california-cover-letter/.
2. Andrew Rosenthal, “Bush Encounters the Supermarket, Amazed,” New York Times, February 5, 1992, http://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/05/us/bush-encounters-the-supermarket-amazed.html.
3. Rachel Maddow, The Rachel Maddow Show, MSNBC, February 11, 2015, transcript, http://www.nbcnews.com/id/56990292/ns/msnbc-rachel_maddow_show/t/rachel-maddow-show-wednesday-february-th/.
4. Associated Press, “Former President George H. W. Bush Marks 90th Birthday with Parachute Jump,” June 12, 2014, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/06/12/0-year-old-ex-president-to-make-parachute-jump/.
5. Naval History and Heritage Command, “George Herbert Walker Bush, 12 June 1924–,” biography, http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/bios/bush-george-h-w.html.
6. Michael Kramer, “George Bush: A Republican for All Factions,” New York, January 21, 1980.
7. Associated Press, “Former President George H. W. Bush Marks 90th Birthday with Parachute Jump,” June 12, 2014.
8. Kevin Bohn, “George H. W. Bush on Bonding with Bill Clinton,” CNN, March 5, 2013, http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/03/05/george-h-w-bush-on-bonding-with-bill-clinton/.
9. Maureen Dowd, “The 1992 Campaign: News Analysis; A No-Nonsense Sort of Talk Show,” New York Times, October 16, 1992, http://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/16/us/the-1992-campaign-news-analysis-a-no-nonsense-sort-of-talk-show.html.
10. Associated Press, “Bush, Clinton Tour Tsunami-Hit Areas of Sri Lanka,” February 21, 2005, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-02-21-presidents-tsunami_x.htm.
11. Michael Wines, “Bush Toll: Memories Lost to Sea,” New York Times, November 3, 1991, http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/03/us/bush-toll-memories-lost-to-sea.html.
12. Lauren Sullivan, “George H. W. Bush: Shaving Head Was ‘Right Thing to Do,’” Today, July 26, 2013, http://www.today.com/news/george-h-w-bush-shaving-head-was-right-thing-do-6C10760866.
13. Michael Kelly, “The Democrats—Clinton and Bush Compete to Be Champion of Change; Democrat Fights Perceptions of Bush Gain,” New York Times, October 31, 1992, http://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/31/us/1992-campaign-democrats-clinton-bush-compete-be-champion-change-democrat-fights.html.
14. George Herbert Walker Bush diary, January 9, 1992; ATB 545, as noted in Jon Meacham, Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush, 495.
15. Adam Clymer, “Little on Its Agenda, Congress Plays Wait-and-See as New Session Starts,” New York Times, January 3, 1992, http://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/03/us/little-on-its-agenda-congress-plays-wait-and-see-as-new-session-starts.html.
16. U.S. Constitution, Article II, Section 3, http://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/articles/article-ii#section-2.
17. Marlin Fitzwater, “Regular Press Briefing,” Federal News Service, February 2, 1992.
18. Jonah Goldberg, “The Supermarket Scanner Story Cont’d,” National Review, August 22, 2008, http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/167613/supermarket-scanner-story-contd-jonah-goldberg.
19. Marlin Fitzwater, Call the Briefing!: A Memoir: Ten Years in the White House with Presidents Reagan and Bush (Xlibris, 2000), 328.
20. William Neikirk, “No More Racial Conflict, Clinton Implores,” Chicago Tribune, June 13, 1996, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-06-13/news/9606130291_1_church-burnings-new-church-president-clinton.
21. Goldberg, “The Supermarket Scanner Story Cont’d.”
22. Ibid.
23. Fitzwater, Call the Briefing!, 329.
24. Ibid.
25. Andrew Rosenthal, email message to author, April 14, 2015.
26. Joel Brinkley, “On Tape, a President Intrigued by Scanner,” New York Times, February 13, 1992, http://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/13/us/on-tape-a-president-itrigued-by-a-scanner.html.
27. Ibid.
28. Brit Hume, “The Bush Crack-Up,” American Spectator, January 1993, http://www.unz.org/Pub/AmSpectator-1993jan-00022.
29. Andrew Rosenthal, email message to author.
30. Fitzwater, Call the Briefing!, 330.
31. Ibid., 331.
32. Christopher Connell, “White House Has Media Rescanning the Scanner Caper,” Associated Press, February 11, 1992, http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1992/White-House-Has-Media-Rescanning-the-Scanner-Caper/id-cc3b1c1ec1b56bfe1b96af7a90bda19b.
33. Goldberg, “The Supermarket Scanner Story Cont’d.”
34. Howard Kurtz, “The Story That Just Won’t Check Out,” Washington Post, February 19, 1992, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1992/02/19/the-story-that-just-wont-check-out/65ede30f-9469-4205-9745-c646208c372f/.
35. Robert Scheer, “So Long, Poppy,” Playboy, November 1, 1992.
36. Hume, “The Bush Crack-Up.”
Chapter 10: 1996: Dole’s Precipitous Fall
1. Kent Gray, interview by the author, February 21, 2015.
2. Ceci Connolly, “Age Question Growing Old for Bob Dole,” Washington Post, July 22, 1995.
3. Kent Gray, interview by the author.
4. Ibid.
5. Spencer S. Hsu and Susan B. Glasser, “FEMA Director Singled Out by Response Critics,” Washington Post, September 6, 2005, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/05/AR2005090501590.html.
6. Michael Wines, “‘Hatchet Man’ Image Must Stay Buried: Dole Walks Fine Line in Attacking Bush,’” Los Angeles Times, January 10, 1988, http://articles.latimes.com/1988-01-10/news/mn-34762_1_hatchet-man.
7. Carl M. Cannon, “Clinton, Strauss Lay on Charm at Dole Dinner,” Baltimore Sun, July 2, 1993, http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-07-02/news/1993183037_1_bob-strauss-bob-dole-clinton.
8. Susan Page, “The Kiddie Corps; Critics Say Youthful Clinton Staff Lacks Savvy, Stature,” Newsday (New York), May 23, 1993.
9. Ruth Shalit, “Uncle Bob,” New York Times Magazine, March 15, 1995, http://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/05/magazine/uncle-bob.html?pagewanted=all.
10. Mike Feinsliber, “Loyal Lieutenant Tries Again to Be President,” Associated Press, March 28, 1995.
11. Tom Raum, “Dole Accuses Clinton of Making Light of Drug Use, Proposes New Slogan,” Associated Press, September 18, 1996.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Tom Raum, “Dole Urges Media to Help Focus Attention on Drug Abuse,” Associated Press, September 19, 1996.
15. Adam Nagourney, “Attacking Drugs, Dole Takes on Entertainment Industry,” New York Times, September 19, 1996, http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/19/us/attacking-drugs-dole-takes-on-entertainment-industry.html.
16. Ken Bazinet, “Dole Jokes about Fall, Knocks Clinton,” United Press International, September 19, 1996, http://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/09/19/Dole-jokes-about-fall-knocks-Clinton/7572843105600/.
17. Kent Gray, interview by the author.
18. Ibid.
19. Bazinet, “Dole Jokes about Fall, Knocks Clinton.”
20. Maria L. La Granga, “Dole Balances Virtue, Vice between the Valley, Vegas,” Los Angeles Times, September 19, 1996, http://articles.latimes.com/1996-09-19/news/mn-45320_1_bob-dole.
21. Kent Gray, interview by the author.
22. Ibid.
23. Raum, “Dole Urges Media to Help Focus Attention on Drug Abuse.”
24. Curt Anderson, “Dole Jokes about Fall; Says He Was Trying to Do Macarena,” Associated Press, September 19, 1996.
25. Peter Wilson, “Dole’s Campaign Takes a Tumble,” Australian, September 20, 1996.
26. Mark Dowdney, “It’s Dole Over Now; Fall Dashes Poll Hopes; Bob Dole in Election Campaign Stage Fall,” Daily Mirror, September 20, 1996.
27. Maria L. La Ganga and John Broder, “Dole’s Tumble Sends His Aides Spinning,” Los Angeles Times, September 20, 1996, http://articles.latimes.com/1996-09-20/news/mn-45687_1_bob-dole.
28. Iver Peterson, “Get the Picture?; Sometimes, Being a News Photographer Is No Snap,” New York Times News Service, September 21, 1996.
29. Ibid.
30. Lloyd Grove, “The Fall Guy,” Washington Post, September 20, 1996, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/09/20/the-fall-guy/e6fa79be-981d-47fb-8b1f-e2cb046ffdc0/.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
Chapter 11: 2000: Gore Floats into “Floodgate”
1. Joe Klein, Politics Lost: From RFK to W: How Politicians Have Become Less Courageous and More Interested in Keeping Power Than in Doing What’s Right for America (New York: Broadway Books, 2006), 141.
2. Evgenia Peretz, “Going After Gore,” Vanity Fair, October 2007, http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2007/10/gore200710.
3. Ibid.
4. “Transcript: Vice President Gore on CNN’s ‘Late Edition,’” CNN, March 9, 1999, http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/03/09/president.2000/transcript.gore/.
5. Peretz, “Going After Gore.”
6. Eric Boehlert, “The Press v. Al Gore,” Rolling Stone, December 6, 2001, http://www.angelfire.com/indie/pearly/htmls/gore-nightmare.html; Peretz, “Going After Gore.”
7. Paul Waldman, “Gored by the Media Bull,” American Prospect, December 17, 2002, http://prospect.org/article/gored-media-bull.
8. Michael Feldman, interview by the author, April 4, 2015.
9. Ibid.
10. Ann Devroy, “Bush, Clinton Begin Finish Line Sprint,” Washington Post, October 30, 1992, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/10/30/bush-clinton-begin-finish-line-sprint/54661c19-2cfa-4230-8c3c-65928ca69fe9/.
11. Al Gore, introduction to Silent Spring, by Rachel Carson (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1994); Al Gore, Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992).
12. Michael Feldman, interview by the author.
13. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, “State of the Climate: Drought for Summer (JJA) 1999,” September 1999, http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/drought/199916.
14. Abigail Radnor, “A Toddler in the Oval Office,” The Times (UK), February 2, 2013, http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article3670510.ece.
15. The White House, Office of the Vice President, “Vice President Gore Announces $819,000 to Enhance Connecticut River, Surrounding Communities,” press release, July 22, 1999, http://clinton4.nara.gov/CEQ/990722.html.
16. Ann S. Kim, “Gore Points to Rivers as Environment-Economic Link,” Associated Press, July 22, 1999.
17. Nathan Naylor, interview by the author, August 14, 2015.
18. Matt Bennett, interview by the author, March 11, 2015.
19. Katharine Webster, “Agency Says No Extra Water Released for Gore,” Associated Press, July 26, 1999.
20. Matt Bennett, interview by the author.
21. “Al Gore’s Candidacy Speech in Full,” Guardian, June 16, 1999, http://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/jun/16/uselections2000.usa1.
22. Katharine Q. Seelye, “Gore Terms Clinton Affair ‘Inexcusable,’” New York Times, June 16, 1999, http://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/16/us/gore-terms-clinton-affair-inexcusable.html.
23. Maureen Dowd, “Liberties; Here Comes the Son,” New York Times, October 6, 1999, http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/06/opinion/liberties-here-comes-the-son.html.
24. Maureen Dowd, “Liberties; Freudian Face-Off,” New York Times, June 16, 1999, http://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/16/opinion/liberties-freudian-face-off.html.
25. Ibid.
26. Michael Feldman, interview by the author, April 4, 2015.
27. Nathan Naylor, interview by the author.
28. Ann S. Kim, “Gore Says Environmental Concerns and Economic Progress Go Together,” Associated Press, July 22, 1999.
29. Susan Feeney, “Gore Seeks Edge in Campaign with Environment Issue; He Says Protections, Growth Linked,” Dallas Morning News, July 23, 1999.
30. Sandra Sobieraj, “Gore Picking ‘Green’ Fight in Presidential Race,” Associated Press, July 22, 1999.
31. Bill Sammon and Laura R. Vanderham, “New Hampshire Opts to Float Gore’s Boat; 4 Billion Gallons Released for Photo Outing,” Washington Times, July 23, 1999.
32. Ibid.
33. Nathan Naylor, interview by the author.
34. Sammon and Vanderham, “New Hampshire Opts to Float Gore’s Boat.”
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. Michael Feldman, interview by the author.
39. Ibid.
40. Associated Press, “Special Dam Release to Keep Gore’s Canoe Afloat,” July 23, 1999.
41. “Controversy Muddies Gore Float Trip,” Atlanta Journal and Constitution, July 24, 1999.
42. Melinda Henneberger, “Gore Takes Aw-Shucks Tour (and Hits a Bump),” New York Times, July 24, 1999, http://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/24/us/gore-takes-aw-shucks-tour-and-hits-a-bump.html.
43. Jill Zuckman, “Gore’s N.H. Canoe Trip Leaves Questions in Wake,” Boston Globe, July 24, 1999.
44. Henneberger, “Gore Takes Aw-Shucks Tour (and Hits a Bump).”
45. Brian Blomquist, “Critics Paddle Gore in ‘Dam’ Rowing Row,” New York Post, July 24, 1999, http://nypost.com/1999/07/24/critics-paddle-gore-in-dam-rowing-row/.
46. Webster, “Agency Says No Extra Released for Gore.”
47. Ann S. Kim, “New Hampshire GOP Chairman Files FEC Complaint Against Gore,” Associated Press, August 5, 1999.
48. Bill Sammon, “Raising of River Is News to Gore; Was Told at Scene Official Counters,” Washington Times, July 24, 1999.
49. Webster, “Agency Says No Extra Released for Gore.”
50. Dan Balz, “Gore, Bradley and the Soft-Money Shootout,” Washington Post, July 25, 1999, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1999/07/25/politics/c98a2e8b-e425-4a8f-bbeb-eb7f16696df7/.
51. Howard Fineman, “A War Over Who Controls the Left,” Newsweek, August 8, 1999, http://www.newsweek.com/war-over-who-controls-left-165820.
52. Republican National Committee, “Team Gore Keeps Water Story Flowing; ‘It Was Only 27,000 Gallons Every Second—Not 180,000,’ Say Veep’s Defenders,” PR Newswire, July 29, 1999.
53. Bill Sammon, “N.H. Dam Worked Overtime, Papers Say; Gore Can’t Shake ‘Floodgate’ Story,” Washington Times, August 2, 1999.
54. Ibid.
55. Peretz, “Going After Gore.”
56. Matt Bennett, interview by the author, March 11, 2015.
57. Michael Feldman, interview by the author.
Chapter 12: 2004: Bush, Dean and Kerry
1. Pew Research Center, “In Changing News Landscape, Even Television Is Vulnerable: Trends in News Consumption: 1991–2012,” September 27, 2012, http://www.people-press.org/2012/09/27/in-changing-news-landscape-even-television-is-vulnerable/.
2. Bob Woodward, Bush at War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002). Citation retrieved from Google Books.
3. “One Nation, Indivisible,” Time, September 24, 2001, http://content.time.com/time/magazine/0,9263,7601010924,00.html.
4. “Senator John Kerry Meets with Veterans at Marshall University,” ABC News, March 16, 2004, video and transcript, http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/Senator-John-Kerry-meets-with-Veterans-at-Marshall-University/a7b459101bbd46089dcdcfe9f04a8d27?query=MIDDLE+EAST.
5. I had a similar experience during a two-night stay aboard the USS George Washington in 1993 while on a site-scouting trip for future presidential visits.
6. M. L. Lyke, “Commander in Chief’s Visit Sets Aircraft Carrier’s Crew Abuzz,” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, May 1, 2003, http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/Commander-in-chief-s-visit-sets-aircraft-1113821.php.
7. Maureen Dowd, “The Iceman Cometh,” New York Times, May 4, 2003, http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/04/opinion/the-iceman-cometh.html.
8. Brian Williams, The News with Brian Williams, MSNBC, May 2, 2003, video in author’s private collection.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Elisabeth Bumiller, “Two Words on a Banner That No Author Wants to Claim,” New York Times, November 3, 2003, http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/03/national/03LETT.html.
12. “Press Briefing by Ari Fleischer,” July 1, 2003, online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=61118; White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Press Briefing by Scott McClellan,” October 29, 2003, http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/10/20031029-2.html.
13. “Bush’s ‘Bannergate’ Shuffle,” Time, November 1, 2003, http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,536170,00.html.
14. “Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld Interviews with Mr. Bob Woodward—July 6 and 7, 2006,” transcript, October 2, 2006, https://cryptome.org/bob-v-don.htm.
15. Scott Sforza, interview by Adam Belmar and Josh King, Polioptics, podcast, episode 26, September 17, 2011, http://www.polioptics.com/2011/09/episode-26-the-producers-part-1-steve-rabinowitz-and-scott-sforza-directors-of-productions-for-presidents-clinton-and-bush/.
16. Jon Stewart, Daily Show, Comedy Central, May 5, 2008, http://www.cc.com/video-clips/4f2vjl/the-daily-show-with-jon-stewart-intro—apology-de-mayo.
17. George W. Bush, interview by Heidi Collins, “Bush Recalls Regrettable, Proudest Moments,” CNN, November 11, 2008, http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/11/bush.transcript/index.html?iref=24hours.
18. Howard Dean, “The Great American Restoration,” June 23, 2003, http://www.gwu.edu/~action/2004/dean/dean062303/dean062303spt.html.
19. Beau Willimon, interview by Josh King, Polioptics, podcast, episode 92, March 9, 2013, http://www.polioptics.com/2013/03/episode-92-with-guests-beau-willimon-and-r-j-cutler/.
20. “The Dean Scream: Howard Dean’s Infamous Scream Following the 2004 Iowa Caucus,” C-SPAN, August 1, 2012, http://www.c-span.org/video/?c3602686/dean-scream.
21. Blake Morrison, “Dean Scream Gaining Cultlike Status on Web,” USA Today, January 21, 2004, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/nation/2004-01-22-dean-usat_x.htm.
22. “Howard Dean’s Scream—The Original,” YouTube video, posted by “SaveDemocracyNow,” March 5, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3Meg3CEyUM.
23. Beau Willimon, interview by Josh King, Polioptics.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Howard Dean, interview by Dave Weigel, WeigelCast, podcast, episode 1, March 16, 2014, http://www.slate.com/articles/podcasts/weigelcast/2014/03/dave_weigel_interviews_howard_dean_for_slate_s_new_weigelcast_podcast.html.
28. “2004: The Scream That Doomed Howard Dean,” YouTube video, posted by “CNN,” July 31, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6i-gYRAwM0.
29. Howard Dean, interview by Dave Weigel, WeigelCast.
30. David Martosko, “Howard Dean Re-Enacts His Infamous ‘I Have a Scream’ Speech in Support of New York City Mayoral Candidate,” Daily Mail, July 23, 2013, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2375414/Howard-Dean-enacts-infamous-I-scream-speech-support-New-York-City-mayoral-candidate.html.
31. “Democratic National Convention, Day 4 Afternoon,” C-SPAN, video and transcript, September 27, 2012, http://www.c-span.org/video/?c3986448/clip-democratic-national-convention-day-4-afternoon.
32. Thomas Oliphant, “I Watched John Kerry Throw His War Decorations,” Boston Globe, April 27, 2004, http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2004/04/27/i_watched_kerry_throw_his_war_decorations/.
33. “First Read,” NBC News, daily memo, August 30, 2004, http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5860672/ns/politics-first_read/.
34. Ibid.
35. David Morehouse, interview by the author, August 24, 2013.
36. James Hebert, “Comedians Elect to Skewer Candidates,” San Diego Union-Tribune, November 1, 2004, http://legacy.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041101/news_1c1jokes.html.
37. “Comedy on the Campaign Trail,” Associated Press, September 1, 2004, http://archive.11alive.com/news/article/51318/0/Comedy-on-the-Campaign-Trail.
38. Stephen Robinson, “Gloves Come Off as Renegade Senator Picks Up Bludgeon,” Telegraph, September 3, 2004, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1470919/Gloves-come-off-as-renegade-senator-picks-up-bludgeon.html.
39. Crossfire, CNN, transcript, September 2, 2004, http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0409/02/cf.01.html.
40. Kate Zernike, “Who Among Us Does Not Like Windsurfing?” New York Times, September 5, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/05/weekinreview/who-among-us-does-not-love-windsurfing.html?_r=1.
41. R. W. Apple Jr., “Conditions in Ohio Point to Kerry, but Bush Runs Strong,” New York Times, September 12, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/12/politics/campaign/conditions-in-ohio-point-to-kerry-but-bush-runs-strong.html.
42. Maureen Dowd, “Westerns and Easterns,” New York Times, September 12, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/12/opinion/westerns-and-easterns.html.
43. Anne E. Kornblut, “Bush Ad Plays on Kerry Windsurfing; Senator’s Camp Calls Commercial ‘Shameful,’ Responds with Its Own,” Boston Globe, September 23, 2004, http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2004/09/23/bush_ad_plays_on_kerry_windsurfing/?page=full.
44. Mark McKinnon, interview by the author, April 9, 2015.
45. Karl Rove, Courage and Consequence: My Life as a Conservative in the Fight (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010), 380.
46. Mark McKinnon, interview by the author.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid.
49. Russ Schriefer, interview by the author, April 17, 2015.
50. Museum of the Moving Image, The Living Room Candidate: Presidential Campaign Commercials 1952–2012, online exhibition, “Windsurfing,” 2004, http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/2004/windsurfing.
51. Mark McKinnon, interview by the author.
52. Ibid.
53. Russ Schriefer, interview by the author, April 17, 2015.
54. Howard Kurtz, “Presidential Attack Ads Move from Land to Water—and Back,” Washington Post, September 23, 2004, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43098-2004Sep22.html.
55. Vince Morris, “Bush A-Tack Ad; Sailing TV Spot Calls Foe Flip-Ant,” New York Post, September 23, 2004, http://nypost.com/2004/09/23/bush-a-tack-ad-sailing-tv-spot-calls-foe-flip-ant/.
56. Mark McKinnon, interview by the author.
57. Jake Miller, “John Kerry on His Boat during Egypt Upheaval, State Dept. Concedes,” CBS News, July 6, 2013, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/john-kerry-on-his-boat-during-egypt-upheaval-state-dept-concedes/.
Chapter 13: 2008: McCain Goes Green
1. John McCain with Mark Salter, Faith of My Fathers (New York: Random House, 1999), 3.
2. McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 9.
3. “NH Primary Vault: Architect of John McCain’s Blowout Win in 2000 NH Primary,” WMUR-9, YouTube video, posted by “WMUR-TV,” July 9, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03geHDhzAqQ.
4. Peter Beinart, “Why Karl Rove Uses Dirty Tricks: They Work,” Atlantic, May 13, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/05/why-karl-rove-uses-dirty-tricks-they-work/370811/.
5. Dan Balz and Haynes Johnson, The Battle for America: The Story of an Extraordinary Election (New York: Penguin Books, 2010). Citation retrieved from Google Books.
6. Dan Balz and Michael D. Shear, “McCain Puts New Strategist atop Campaign,” Washington Post, July 3, 2008.
7. Ibid.
8. John McCain, speech in Kenner, Louisiana, June 3, 2008, transcript, http://www.politico.com/story/2008/06/transcript-of-mccain-speech-010820.
9. https://my.barackobama.com/page/s/stpaulrally/.
10. Bob von Sternberg and Mark Brunswick, “Obama Speech in St. Paul Ends Primary Season, Kicks Off Presidential Race,” Star Tribune (Minneapolis), June 4, 2008, http://www.startribune.com/obama-speech-in-st-paul-ends-primary-season-kicks-off-presidential-race/19485059/.
11. Ibid.
12. Marc Ambinder, “McCain’s Speech,” Atlantic, June 3, 2008, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2008/06/mccains-speech/53388/.
13. Andrew Sullivan, “McCain’s Speech,” Daily Dish (blog), Atlantic, June 3, 2008, http://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2008/06/mccains-speech/215765/.
14. Stephen Colbert, Colbert Report, Comedy Central, June 4, 2008, http://www.cc.com/video-clips/hfq15q/the-colbert-report-john-mccain-s-green-screen-challenge.
15. Ibid.
16. Stephen Colbert, Colbert Report, Comedy Central, June 12, 2008, http://www.cc.com/video-clips/nsgvgc/the-colbert-report-stephen-colbert-s-make-mccain-exciting-challenge-.
17. Stephen Colbert, Colbert Report, Comedy Central, June 25, 2008, http://www.cc.com/video-clips/tog220/the-colbert-report-green-screen-challenge—vogue.
18. Stephen Colbert, Colbert Report, Comedy Central, September 2, 2008, http://www.cc.com/video-clips/gmnlx9/the-colbert-report-green-screen-challenge—last-shot.
19. Ezra Klein, “The Obama-McCain Age Gap That Matters,” Los Angeles Times, June 1, 2008, http://www.latimes.com/la-op-klein1-2008jun01-story.html.
20. Melissa Dahl, “Youth Vote May Have Been Key in Obama’s Win,” NBC News, November 5, 2008, http://www.nbcnews.com/id/27525497/ns/politics-decision_08/t/youth-vote-may-have-been-key-obamas-win/#.VaK02hHbI-V.
21. Robert Draper, “The Making (and Remaking) of John McCain,” New York Times Magazine, October 22, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/26/magazine/26mccain-t.html?pagewanted=all.
22. Jim Rutenberg and Adam Nagourney, “An Adviser Molds a Tighter, More Aggressive McCain Campaign,” New York Times, September 7, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/us/politics/07schmidt.html?pagewanted=all.
23. Republican National Convention, “A First Look at the 2008 Republican National Convention Podium,” press release, August 21, 2008, http://www.gwu.edu/~action/2008/chrnconv08/rconv082108pr.html.
24. Michael Falcone, “McCain and the Green Screen,” The Caucus (blog), New York Times, September 5, 2008, http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/05/walter-reede/.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Bob Pool, “School Goes from Backdrop to Center Stage,” Los Angeles Times, September 6, 2008, http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-walterreed6-2008sep06-story.html.
28. Kate Linthicum, “John McCain’s Walter Reed Puzzle,” Top of the Ticket (blog), Los Angeles Times, September 5, 2008, http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/washington/2008/09/mccain-walter-r.html.
Chapter 14: 2012: Romney Sings an American Tune
1. Todd S. Purdum, “Clinton Takes a Trip up North and Down Memory Lane,” New York Times, February 3, 1996, http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/03/us/politics-the-president-clinton-takes-a-trip-up-north-and-down-memory-lane.html.
2. Oliver O’Connell, “Trump Calls Neil Young a ‘Total Hypocrite’ and Claims the Musician Asked Him for Money before Complaining about Use of Track in Campaign Announcement,” Daily Mail, June 25, 2015, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3139454/Trump-calls-Neil-Young-total-hypocrite-campaign-music-row-says-came-office-asking-money-called-invite-concert.html.
3. Alex Seitz-Wald, “The Villages: Where Republicans Rule,” Salon, July 11, 2012, http://www.salon.com/2012/07/11/the_villages_where_republicans_rule/.
4. Ibid.
5. Sarah Huisenga, “Gingrich: Romney Lives in World of ‘Swiss Bank Accounts’ and $20 Million Income,” CBS News, January 25, 2012, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/gingrich-romney-lives-in-world-of-swiss-bank-accounts-and-20-million-income/.
6. “Quaint Town Squares,” https://www.thevillages.com/lifestyle/hometown.htm.
7. Paul West, “Why Paul Ryan Chose The Villages for First Florida Stop,” Los Angeles Times, August 18, 2012, http://articles.latimes.com/2012/aug/18/news/la-pn-paul-ryan-republican-stronghold-first-florida-trip-20120818.
8. Will Ritter, interview by the author, July 31, 2013.
9. Ibid.
10. “Mitt Romney Sings ‘America The Beautiful,’” YouTube video, posted by “ElectAd,” January 31, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4eLx_V5Xkg.
11. Piers Morgan, Piers Morgan Tonight, CNN, January 30, 2012, YouTube video, “Mitt Romney Sings America The Beautiful,” posted by “Neuroticy,” February 2, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7hmycVKDiU.
12. Ibid.
13. “Obama: ‘I Wasn’t Worried’ about Singing Al Green: Inside the President’s Decision to Perform ‘Let’s Stay Together,’” Rolling Stone, April 25, 2012, http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/obama-i-wasnt-worried-about-singing-al-green-20120425.
14. Jon Stewart, Daily Show, Comedy Central, January 31, 2012, http://www.cc.com/video-clips/z954w3/the-daily-show-with-jon-stewart-indecision-2012—pander-express.
15. Jim Margolis, interview by Josh King, Polioptics, podcast, episode 97, April 13, 2013, http://www.polioptics.com/2013/04/episode-97-with-guests-jim-margolis-and-ron-klain/.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Museum of the Moving Image, The Living Room Candidate: Presidential Campaign Commercials 1952–2012, online exhibition, “Firms,” http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/2012/firms.
19. Jim Margolis, interview by Josh King, Polioptics.
20. Will Ritter, interview by the author.
21. “Mitt Romney’s Terrible Singing Comes Back to Haunt Him as Obama Uses His Rendition of ‘America The Beautiful’ in New Attack Ad,” Daily Mail, July 16, 2012, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2174327/New-Obama-ad-mocks-Romney-singing-America-Beautiful.html.
22. Jill Lawrence, “New Obama TV Ad Hits Romney on Outsourcing, Offshore Tax Shelters,” National Journal, July 14, 2012, http://news.yahoo.com/obama-tv-ad-hits-romney-outsourcing-offshore-tax-113811028.html.
23. Michael D. Shear, “Obama Ad Continues Effort to Tie Romney to Outsourcing,” The Caucus (blog), New York Times, July 14, 2012, http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/14/obama-ad-features-a-singing-romney/.
24. Aaron Blake, “The Most Memorable Ad of the 2012 Campaign?” Washington Post, August 6, 2012, https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/america-the-beautiful-the-most-memorable-ad-of-the-2012-campaign-so-far/2012/08/06/676d32f4-dfdc-11e1-8fc5-a7dcf1fc161d_blog.html.
25. Martin Frost, “As Romney Sings, Obama Takes Note,” Politico, July 24, 2012, http://www.politico.com/story/2012/07/after-romney-sings-obama-takes-note-078904.
26. Will Ritter, interview by the author.
27. Ibid.
Chapter 15: Obama and the Batsman
1. Todd Leopold, “The Day America Met Barack Obama,” CNN, November 5, 2008, http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/05/obama.meeting/index.html?iref=werecommend.
2. “Barack Obama on Monday Night Football,” YouTube video, posted by “BarackObama.com,” December 12, 2006, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmWlrtpqp40.
3. “Obama: Victory Speech,” video and transcript, New York Times, November 5, 2008, http://elections.nytimes.com/2008/results/president/speeches/obama-victory-speech.html.
4. Pete Souza, First 100 Days, Flickr, 2009, https://www.flickr.com/photos/whitehouse/albums/72157617357737487/with/3483994997/.
5. Steve Holland, “What’s in an Obama-Chavez Handshake?” Reuters, April 20, 2009, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2009/04/20/us-obama-handshake-analysis-idUKTRE53J6EK20090420.
6. Julian Borger and Uki Goni, “Bush Feels Hand of God as Poll Ratings Slump,” Guardian, November 4, 2005, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/nov/05/usa.argentina.
7. Andrew Clark, “Chávez Creates Overnight Bestseller with Book Gift to Obama,” Guardian, April 19, 2009, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/19/obama-chavez-book-gift-latin-america.
8. Peter Nicholas, “Obama Defends Greeting Hugo Chavez,” Los Angeles Times, April 20, 2009, http://www.latimes.com/la-fg-obama-americas20-2009apr20-story.html.
Chapter 16: Controlling Image
1. Pete Souza, “President Barack Obama Takes a Phone Call in His Private Study off the Oval Office,” First 100 Days, Flickr, February 3, 2009, https://www.flickr.com/photos/whitehouse/3484820530.
2. National Security Archive, “The Nixon-Presley Meeting 21 December 1970,” http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nsa/elvis/elnix.html.
3. Elvis Presley to Richard Nixon, undated, https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/nixon-met-elvis/page-1.html.
4. Pete Souza, interview by Adam Belmar and Josh King, Polioptics, podcast, episode 50, March 24, 2012, http://www.polioptics.com/2012/03/episode-50-with-guest-pete-souza-official-white-house-photographer-for-president-barack-obama/.
5. “Transcript: Obama Pleads Health Care Case,” CNN, July 22, 2009, http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/07/22/transcript.obama/.
6. Ibid.
7. Huma Khan, Michele McPhee, and Russell Goldman, “Obama Called Police Officer Who Arrested Gates, Still Sees ‘Overreaction’ in Arrest,” ABC News, July 24, 2009, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=8163051&page=1.
8. Maureen Dowd, “Bite Your Tongue,” New York Times, July 25, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/26/opinion/26dowd.html.
9. Philip Elliott, “Beer O’Clock at the White House: Let’s Move On,” Associated Press, July 30, 2009, http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/NATLObama-A-Beer-is-Just-A-Beer-Not-a-Summit-52100062.html.
10. Chris Good, “No Apologies, but Constructive Words,” Atlantic, July 31, 2009, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2009/07/no-apologies-but-constructive-words/22491/.
11. “After Beers, Professor, Officer Plan to Meet Again,” CNN, July 31, 2009, http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/07/30/harvard.arrest.beers/.
12. Pete Souza, interview by Adam Belmar and Josh King, Polioptics.
13. Brian Williams, “Inside the Situation Room: Obama on Making OBL Raid Decision,” Rock Center, NBC, December 27, 2012, http://www.nbcnews.com/video/rock-center/47218575#47218575.
14. Pete Souza, interview by Adam Belmar and Josh King, Polioptics.
15. “The Obama History Project: 53 Historians Weigh In on Barack Obama’s Legacy,” New York, January 11, 2015, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/01/53-historians-on-obamas-legacy.html.
16. Jackie Calmes, “When a Boy Found a Familiar Feel in a Pat of the Head of State,” New York Times, May 23, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/24/us/politics/indelible-image-of-a-boys-pat-on-obamas-head-hangs-in-white-house.html.
17. Pete Souza, interview by Adam Belmar and Josh King, Polioptics.
18. The White House Flickr feed, https://www.flickr.com/photos/whitehouse/.
19. Pete Souza, “Prime Minister David Cameron of the United Kingdom, President Barack Obama, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany, José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission, and Others Watch the Overtime Shootout of the Chelsea vs. Bayern Munich Champions League Final, in the Laurel Cabin Conference Room during the G8 Summit at Camp David, Md.,” G8 at Camp David, Flickr, May 19, 2012, https://www.flickr.com/photos/whitehouse/7229949982/in/album-72157629803869054/.
20. Jordan Zakarin, “Obama Documentary ‘The Road We’ve Traveled’ by Davis Guggenheim Reveals Trailer,” Hollywood Reporter, March 8, 2012, http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/obama-documentary-road-weve-traveled-davis-guggenheim-297667.
21. Dan Pfeiffer, interview by Josh King, Polioptics, podcast, episode 143, March 21, 2014, http://www.polioptics.com/2014/03/episode-143-guest-dan-pfeiffer-senior-advisor-president-obama/.
22. Pete Souza, interview by Adam Belmar and Josh King, Polioptics.
23. Ibid.
24. Coalition of press organizations to Jay Carney, November 21, 2013, http://asne.org/blog_home.asp?Display=1649.
25. Mark Landler, “Photographers Protest White House Restrictions,” New York Times, November 21, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/us/politics/photographers-protest-white-house-restrictions.html.
26. Doug Mills, interview by Josh King, Polioptics, podcast, episode 117, September 6, 2013, http://www.polioptics.com/2013/09/episode-117-with-guests-samuel-m-katz-and-doug-mills/.
27. Ibid.
28. Pete Souza, “Slide show: Pres Obama attends Mandela memorial service; includes photos from Air Force One,” Tweet, posted by “@petesouza,” December 11, 2013, https://twitter.com/petesouza/status/410736425382866944.
29. Santiago Lyon, “Obama’s Orwellian Image Control,” New York Times, December 11, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/12/opinion/obamas-orwellian-image-control.html.
30. Office of the Press Secretary, “Briefing by Press Secretary Jay Carney, 12/12/13,” December 12, 2013, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/12/12/press-briefing-press-secretary-jay-carney-121213.
31. Ibid.
32. Bob McNeely, interview by Josh King, Polioptics, podcast, episode 131, December 13, 2013, http://www.polioptics.com/2013/12/episdoe-131-guests-doris-kearns-goodwin-bob-mcneely-chuck-todd/.
Chapter 17: The Last Mile
1. John F. Harris and Peter Baker, “Clinton Urges End to Division,” Washington Post, January 21, 1997, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/inaug/tues/speech.htm. The image can be viewed at http://pics.amres.com/p_JPG/N286.jpg.
2. Dan Pfeiffer, interview by Josh King, Polioptics, podcast, episode 143, March 21, 2014, http://www.polioptics.com/2014/03/episode-143-guest-dan-pfeiffer-senior-advisor-president-obama/.
3. Ibid.
4. Franz Strasser and Daniel Nasaw, “Arun Chaudhary on Life as White House Videographer,” BBC News, October 8, 2012, http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19767164.
5. Dan Pfeiffer, interview by Josh King, Polioptics.
6. “Behind the Scenes of Presidential Advance: Part 1,” YouTube video, posted by “The White House,” January 21, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYEfhW5WKBM.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. “Behind the Scenes of Presidential Advance: Part 2,” YouTube video, posted by “The White House,” February 2, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEukwaTqY_A.
11. Ibid.
12. Barack Obama, “Inaugural Address,” January 21, 2013, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/01/21/inaugural-address-president-barack-obama.
13. Office of the Press Secretary, “Remarks by the President on the Affordable Care Act,” transcript, October 21, 2013, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/10/21/remarks-president-affordable-care-act.
14. Gallup, “Gallup Daily: Obama Job Approval,” poll, http://www.gallup.com/poll/113980/gallup-daily-obama-job-approval.aspx.
15. “Arun Chaudhary: Political Narratives: From State Fairs to State Dinners,” YouTube video, posted by “ChicagoIdeasWeek,” March 18, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MWOp_Taeio.
16. Office of the Press Secretary, “Remarks by the President on Trayvon Martin,” transcript, July 19, 2013, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/07/19/remarks-president-trayvon-martin.
17. Jennifer Palmieri, interview by Josh King, Polioptics, podcast, episode 115, August 17, 2013, http://www.polioptics.com/2013/08/episode-115-with-guest-jennifer-palmieri-and-charlie-pearce/.
18. Bill O’Reilly, “Using Comedy to Promote ObamaCare,” O’Reilly Factor, March 11, 2014, http://www.foxnews.com/transcript/2014/03/12/bill-oreilly-using-comedy-promote-obamacare/
19. T. L. Stanley, “How Between Two Ferns Landed Obama,” Adweek, June 22, 2014, http://www.adweek.com/news-gallery/advertising-branding/how-between-two-ferns-landed-obama-158496.
20. Dan Pfeiffer, interview by Josh King, Polioptics.
21. Andrea Mitchell, Andrea Mitchell Reports, MSNBC, July 9, 2014, YouTube video, posted by “GOP War Room,” July 9, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8Za_SkMa0s&feature=youtu.be.
22. Office of the Press Secretary, “Statement by the President,” transcript, August 20, 2014, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/08/20/statement-president.
23. Larry McShane, “Prez Tees Off as Foley’s Parents Grieve,” Daily News, August 21, 2014, http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/obama-returns-golf-green-article-1.1910781?cid=bitly.
24. Peter Baker and Julie Hirschfeld Davis, “A Terrorist Horror, Then Golf: Incongruity Fuels Obama Critics,” New York Times, August 21, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/22/us/politics/a-terrorist-horror-then-golf-incongruity-fuels-obama-critics.html?_r=0.
25. Maureen Dowd, “The Golf Address,” New York Times, August 23, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/24/opinion/sunday/maureen-dowd-the-golf-address.html.
26. Chuck Todd, Meet the Press, NBC, September 7, 2014, http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/president-barack-obamas-full-interview-nbcs-chuck-todd-n197616.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
Chapter 18: Comfortable in Your Skin
1. John M. Broder, “The Green Party: Clinton, Ford and Bush a Fearsome Threesome at Golf,” Los Angeles Times, February 16, 1995, http://articles.latimes.com/1995-02-16/news/mn-32775_1_golf-cart.
2. William J. Clinton, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, William J. Clinton, 1995, Book I—January 1 to June 30, 1995 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1996), 215.
3. Broder, “The Green Party: Clinton, Ford and Bush a Fearsome Threesome at Golf.”
4. Clinton, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, William J. Clinton, 1995, Book I—January 1 to June 30, 1995, 547.
5. Mark S. Hamm, Apocalypse in Oklahoma: Waco and Ruby Ridge Revenged (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1997), 54.
6. William J. Clinton: “Remarks on the Bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,” April 19, 1995, online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=51239.
7. William J. Clinton, Public Papers Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, William J. Clinton, 1996, Book II (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1997), 546–47.
8. Office of the Press Secretary, “Remarks by the President in Eulogy for the Honorable Reverend Clementa Pinckney,” June 26, 2015, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/06/26/remarks-president-eulogy-honorable-reverend-clementa-pinckney.
9. Ibid.
10. Chris Cillizza, “This Was the Best Week of Obama’s Presidency,” Washington Post, June 26, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/06/26/this-was-the-best-week-of-obamas-presidency/.
11. Juliet Eilperin, “For Obama, Rainbow White House Was ‘a Moment Worth Savoring,’” Washington Post, June 30, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/30/for-obama-rainbow-white-house-was-a-moment-worth-savoring/.
12. Morgan Neville and Robert Gordon, Best of Enemies, Magnolia Pictures, 2015, http://www.magpictures.com/bestofenemies/.
13. Ibid.
14. Barack Obama, interview by Marc Maron, WTF, podcast, episode 613, June 22, 2015, http://www.wtfpod.com/podcast/episodes/episode_613_-_president_barack_obama.
15. Ibid.
16. Marc Maron, “The President Was Here,” WTF, podcast, episode 614, June 25, 2015, http://www.wtfpod.com/podcast/episodes/episode_614_-_the_president_was_here.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
Chapter 19: The New Age of Optics
1. “Getting Started | Hillary Clinton,” YouTube video, posted by “Hillary Clinton,” April 12, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uY7gLZDmn4&feature=youtu.be.
2. Hillary Clinton, “Road trip! Loaded the van & set off for IA. Met a great family when we stopped this afternoon. Many more to come.-H,” Tweet, posted by “@HillaryClinton,” April 12, 2015, https://twitter.com/hillaryclinton/status/587419742505426944.
3. “‘People’s champion’ @HillaryClinton pops into @Chipotletweets—but no one recognizes her. http://nydn.us/1FKJIlx,” Tweet, posted by “@NYDailyNews,” April 14, 2015, https://twitter.com/NYDailyNews/status/587950950293319680/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw.
4. Jon Favreau, “Hillary driving to Iowa is an @AlyssaMastro44 worthy idea. Really great,” Tweet, posted by “@jonfavs,” April 12, 2015, https://twitter.com/jonfavs/status/587419553019203584?lang=en.
5. Jennifer Palmieri, “@jonfavs @AlyssaMastro44 it is a Mastro worthy idea, but in this case it actually was @HillaryClinton’s idea. She loves her Scooby van,” Tweet, posted by “@jmpalmieri,” April 12, 2015, https://twitter.com/jmpalmieri/status/587429754510401536?lang=en.
6. Gwen Ifill, “Clinton Braves an Unruly Crowd in Courting Wall Street Doubters,” New York Times, April 3, 1992, http://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/03/us/1992-campaign-clinton-clinton-braves-unruly-crowd-courting-wall-street-doubters.html.
7. Molly Ball, “Hillary’s Uninspiring Agenda,” Atlantic, June 13, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/06/hillary-clinton-speech/395813/.
8. John Dickerson, “A Fighter Takes Center Stage,” Slate, June 13, 2015, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2015/06/hillary_clinton_s_roosevelt_island_speech_the_democratic_frontrunner_holds.html.
9. Sam Frizell, “Transcript: Read the Full Text of Hillary Clinton’s Campaign Launch Speech,” Time, June 13, 2015, http://time.com/3920332/transcript-full-text-hillary-clinton-campaign-launch/.
10. Glenn Thrush, “5 Takeaways from Clinton’s Relaunch Rally,” Politico, June 13, 2015, http://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/5-takeaways-from-clintons-relaunch-rally-118976.
11. Ball, “Hillary’s Uninspiring Agenda.”
12. Peggy Noonan, “Hillary Will Glide Above It All,” Wall Street Journal, June 19, 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/hillary-will-glide-above-it-all-1434667768.
13. Dickerson, “A Fighter Takes Center Stage.”
14. Richard Corliss, “Cinema: Lust Is a Thing with Feathers,” Time, January 16, 1989, http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,956742,00.html.
15. Otto Friedrich, “Flash Symbol of an Acquisitive Age: Donald Trump,” Time, January 16, 1989, http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,956733,00.html.
16. Olivier Laurent, “Behind TIME’s Cover Shoot with Donald Trump and an American Bald Eagle,” Time, August 20, 2015, http://time.com/4003904/donald-trump-bald-eagle/.
17. Jonathan Capeheart, “Donald Trump’s ‘Mexican Rapists’ Rhetoric Will Keep the Republican Party out of the White House,” Washington Post, June 17, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2015/06/17/trumps-mexican-rapists-will-keep-the-republican-party-out-of-the-white-house/.
18. George Romney, interview by Lou Gordon, WKBD-TV, 1968, “George Romney Brainwash interview on WKBD-TV 50,” YouTube video, posted by “Pete Harwick,” June 4, 2008, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSdSiBehQpI.
19. Friedrich, “Flash Symbol of an Acquisitive Age: Donald Trump.”
20. Jon Blistein, “Donald Trump Reports for Jury Duty, Calls Experience ‘Really Good,’” Rolling Stone, August 18, 2015, http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/donald-trump-reports-for-jury-duty-calls-experience-really-good-20150818.
21. Maureen Dowd, “Donald Trump Struts in His Own Pageant,” New York Times, August 22, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/23/opinion/sunday/maureen-dowd-donald-trump-struts-in-his-own-pageant.html?_r=0.
22. Tierney McAfee, “Inside Scoop: That Time Donald ‘Zoolander’ Trump Shared the Stage with a Bald Eagle,” People, August 20, 2015, http://www.people.com/article/donald-trump-bald-eagle-time-photo-shoot.
23. Jenna Johnson, “Donald Trump Begs Iowans Not to Believe Ben Carson: ‘Don’t Be Fools, Okay?’” Washington Post, November 13, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/11/13/donald-trump-begs-iowans-not-to-believe-ben-carson-dont-be-fools-okay/.
24. Joe Scarborough and Mika Brzezinksi, “The Real Reason Trump Went Hard After Carson,” Morning Joe, MSNBC, November 13, 2015, http://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe.
25. Philip Rucker and Robert Costa, “Time for GOP Panic? Establishment Worried Carson or Trump Might Win,” Washington Post, November 13, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/time-for-gop-panic-establishment-worried-carson-and-trump-might-win/2015/11/12/38ea88a6-895b-11e5-be8b-1ae2e4f50f76_story.html.
