References

INTRODUCTION: THE BANQUET OF THE OMNIVORES

1	These points are covered in the following chapters.
2	Dimitri Davidenko, Descartes le scandaleux (Paris, 1988), p. 52.
3	Jean Colerus, ‘The Life of B. de Spinoza’, in Spinoza: His Life and Philosophy, trans. Frederick Pollock (London, 1880), p. 419 [translation modified].
4	G.W.F. Hegel, Briefe von und an Hegel, ed. Joseph Hoffmeister (Hamburg, 1952), p. 63.
5	Lydia Flem, La vie quotidienne de Freud et de ses patients (Paris, 1986): see pp. 238–40 for Freud, wines, wild berries, artichokes, asparagus and corncobs.
6	Noëlle Châtelet, ‘La libertin au table’, in Sade: Ecrire la crise. Actes du colloque de Cérisy, ed. Philippe Roger and Michel Camus (Paris, 1983).
7	André Castelot, L’histoire à table (Paris, 1979).
8	Claude Lévi-Strauss, Tristes tropiques, trans. John Russell (New York, 1971), p. 173.
9	Jacques Lacarrière, The Gnostics, trans. Nina Rootes (London, 1977), p. 70.
10	Pierre Clastres, Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians, trans. Paul Auster (New York, 1998), p. 341.
11	Julien Offray de La Mettrie, L’art de jouir (Potsdam, 1751), p. 61.
12	Julien Offray de La Mettrie, ‘Man a Machine’, in Man a Machine and Man a Plant, trans. Richard A. Watson and Maya Rybalka (Indianapolis, IN, and Cambridge, MA, 1994), p. 33.
13	Davidenko, Descartes, p. 105; Adrien Baillet, La vie de Monsieur Descartes (Paris, 2012); Elisabeth Badinter and Robert Badinter, Condorcet (Paris, 1989).
14	Ludwig Feuerbach, Manifestes philosophiques: textes choisis, 1839–1845, trans. Louis Althusser (Paris, 1960), p. 227.
15	Ludwig Feuerbach, Pensées diverses (Paris, 1987), pp. 327 and 336.
16	Noëlle Châtelet, Le corps à corps culinaire (Paris, 1998); Jean-Paul Aron, Le mangeur du XIXe siècle (Paris, 1976); Jean-François Revel, Un festin en paroles (Paris, 1982).
17	Michel Foucault, The Use of Pleasure (London, 1991), p. 97.
18	Ibid., p. 101.
19	Ibid., p. 108.
20	J. A. Brillat-Savarin, The Physiology of Taste, trans. M.F.K. Fisher (New York and London, 2009), p. 15.
21	Didier Raymond, Schopenhauer (Paris, 1997), p. 37.

1 DIOGENES; OR, THE TASTE OF OCTOPUS

1	Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of History, trans. E. S. Haldane (London, 1892), pp. 485, 487.
2	Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil, trans. R. J. Hollingdale (Harmondsworth, 1973), p. 124.
3	Friedrich Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York and Toronto, 1969), p. 281.
4	Ibid., p. 264.
5	Attributed to Plato by Diogenes Laërtius, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers, trans. R. D. Hicks (London and New York, 1925), p. 6; Michel de Montaigne, Essays, trans. and ed. M. A. Screech (London, 1991), pp. 1258–9.
6	Diogenes Laërtius, Lives, p. 57.
7	Marcel Detienne, Dionysos Slain, trans. Mireille Muellner and Leonard Muellner (Baltimore, MD, and London, 1979), p. 64.
8	Marcel Detienne, ‘Culinary Practices and the Spirit of Sacrifice’, in The Cuisine of Sacrifice Among the Greeks, ed. Marcel Detienne and Jean-Paul Vernant, trans. Paula Wissing (Chicago and London, 1989), p 8.
9	Detienne, Dionysos Slain, p. x.
10	Detienne, ‘Culinary Practices and the Spirit of Sacrifice’, in The Cuisine of Sacrifice. See also J.-P. Vernant, ‘At Man’s Table’, in ibid., p. 38.
11	Diogenes Laërtius, Lives, p. 75.
12	Plato, The Republic, trans. Robin Waterfield (Oxford, 1993), p. 307. See also pp. 308, 313 and 377.
13	The Works of Lucian of Samosata, trans. H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler (Oxford, 1905), IV, p. 179.
14	Dio Chrysostom, ‘The Sixth Discourse: Diogenes; or, On Tyranny’, in Discourses 1–11, trans. J. W. Colhoon (Cambridge, MA, 1932), p. 259.
15	Diogenes Laërtius, Lives, p. 47.
16	Dio Chrysostom, ‘The Sixth Discourse’, p. 65.
17	Diogenes, ‘Lettre à Monime’, in Léonce Paquet, Les cyniques grecs (Ottawa, 1988), XXXVII, p. 46.
18	Ibid.
19	Diogenes, Lives, p. 47.
20	Ibid., p. 59.
21	Plutarch, ‘De esu carnium I’, in Plutarch’s Moralia, vol. XII, trans. Harold Cherniss and William C. Helmbold (Cambridge, MA, and London, 1957), p. 555.
22	Paquet, ed., Les cyniques grecs, p. 94. Also see the masterful analysis of Marie-Odile Goulet-Caze, L’ascèse cynique: un commentaire de Diogène Laërce VI 70–71 (Paris, 1986).
23	Sophocles, Antigone, in The Theban Plays of Sophocles, trans. David R. Slavitt (New Haven, CT, and London, 2007), p. 3.
24	The Works of Lucian, pp. 179–81.
25	Diogenes, Lives, p. 67.

2 ROUSSEAU; OR, THE MILKY WAY

1	Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts, in The Collected Writings of Rousseau, vol. I, ed. Roger D. Masters and Christopher Kelly, trans. Judith R. Bush, Masters and Kelly (Hanover, NH, and London, 1992), pp. 20, 20 n.
2	Rousseau, ‘Final Reply’, in The Collected Writings of Rousseau, vol. I, p. 111.
3	Rousseau, Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts, p. 33, and ‘Final Reply’, p. 126.
4	Rousseau, ‘Final Reply’, p. 113.
5	Ibid., p. 117.
6	Rousseau, Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts, p. 12.
7	Rousseau, ‘Final Reply’, p. 116.
8	Ibid., p. 128.
9	Rousseau, Discourse on the Origin, and Foundations of Inequality Among Men, in The Major Political Writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, ed. and trans. John T. Scott (Chicago and London, 2012), p. 91.
10	Ibid., p. 65.
11	Ibid., p. 92.
12	Ibid.
13	Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile; or, On Education, trans. Allan Bloom (New York, 1979), p. 152.
14	Ibid., p. 191.
15	Ibid., pp. 191–2.
16	Ibid.
17	Voltaire, Voltaire’s Correspondence, ed. and trans. Theodore Besterman (Geneva, 1953–65).
18	Rousseau, Emile, p. 352.
19	Ibid.
20	Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Confessions, trans. J. M. Cohen (Harmondsworth, 1953), p. 76.
21	Ibid.
22	Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Julie; or, The New Heloïse, trans. and ed. Phillip Stewart and Jean Vaché (Hanover, NH, 1997), pp. 372–3.
23	Rousseau, Confessions, p. 381.
24	Ibid.
25	Rousseau, Emile, p. 57.
26	Ibid., pp. 57–8.
27	Ibid., p. 58.
28	Rousseau, Julie, p. 372.
29	Ibid.
30	Ibid., p. 373.
31	Rousseau, Emile, p. 151.
32	Ibid.
33	Ibid., p. 153.
34	Ibid.
35	Ibid.
36	Ibid.
37	Rousseau, Discourse on the Origin ... of Inequality, p. 124.
38	Jean-Jacques Rousseau, ‘Essay on the Origin of Language’, in On the Origin of Languages: Two Essays, trans. John H. Moran and Alexander Gode (Chicago and London, 1966), p. 41.
39	Ibid.
40	Rousseau, Emile, p. 346.
41	Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just, Fragments d’institutions républicaines (Paris, 1976), p. 264.
42	Joachim Fest, Hitler, trans. Richard Winston and Clara Winston (San Diego, New York and London, 1973), p. 535.

3 KANT; OR, ETHICAL ALCOHOLISM

1	Arsénij Goulyga, Emmanuel Kant: une vie (Paris, 1985), pp. 64–5.
2	Ehrgott André Charles Wasianski, ‘Emmanuel Kant dans ses dernières années’, in Kant intime, ed. Jean Mistler (Paris, 1985), p. 121.
3	Louis Ernst Borowski, ‘Description de la vie et du caractère d’Emmanuel Kant’, in Kant intime, ed. Mistler, p. 17.
4	Immanuel Kant, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View [1798], trans. and ed. Robert B. Louden (Cambridge, 2006), p. 46.
5	Ibid.
6	Ibid., p. 49.
7	Ibid., p. 51.
8	Ibid., p. 50.
9	Ibid., p. 136.
10	Goulyga, Emmanuel Kant, p. 174.
11	Wasianski, ‘Emmanuel Kant’, p. 128.
12	Borowski, ‘Description’, p. 16.
13	Kant, Anthropology, p. 58.
14	Ibid., p. 62.
15	Ibid., pp. 62–3.
16	Ibid., p. 63.
17	Ibid.
18	Ibid.
19	Ibid.
20	Ibid., p. 64.
21	Kant, Metaphysics of Morals, trans. Mary Gregor (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 222–3.
22	Ibid., p. 223.
23	Ibid.
24	Ibid., pp. 223–4.
25	Reinhold Bernhard Jachmann, ‘Emmanuel Kant dans des lettres à un ami’, in Kant intime, ed. Mistler, p. 45.
26	Ibid., p. 47.
27	Wasianski, ‘Emmanuel Kant’, p. 74.
28	Jachmann, ‘Emmanuel Kant’, p. 51.
29	Ibid., p. 52.
30	Ibid., p. 45.
31	Immanuel Kant, The Conflict of the Faculties [1798], trans. Mary J. Gregor (New York 1979), p. 189.
32	Immanuel Kant, ‘Essay on the Maladies of the Head’ [1764], p. 72, Cambridge books online, http://ebooks.cambridge.org, accessed June 2012.
33	Immanuel Kant, ‘Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime’, p. 34, Cambridge books online, http://ebooks.cambridge.org, accessed June 2012.
34	Kant, ‘Essay on the Maladies of the Head’, p. 76.
35	Kant, The Conflict of the Faculties, p. 197.
36	Ibid.
37	Ibid, p. 209.
38	Borowski, ‘Description’, p. 15.
39	Kant, The Conflict of the Faculties, p. 209.
40	Wasianski, ‘Emmanuel Kant’, p. 149.

4 FOURIER; OR, THE PIVOTAL LITTLE PIE

1	Charles Fourier, The Theory of the Four Movements, ed. Gareth Stedman Jones, trans. Ian Patterson (Cambridge and New York, 1996), p. 178.
2	Charles Fourier, La fausse industrie, vol. VIII of Oeuvres complètes [oc], ed. Simone Debout (Paris, 1966–8), p. 442.
3	Ibid.
4	Fourier, Le nouveau monde amoureux, oc, vol. VII, pp. 257, 326.
5	Fourier, Théorie de l’unité universelle, oc, vol. V, p. 165.
6	Ibid., vol. II, p. 28.
7	Fourier, Le nouveau monde amoureux, oc, vol. VII, p. 138.
8	Fourier, Théorie de l’unité universelle, oc, vol. V, p. 418.
9	Ibid.
10	Ibid., p. 419.
11	Fourier, Theory of the Four Movements, p. 166.
12	Fourier, Théorie de l’unité universelle, oc, vol. V, p. 420.
13	Fourier, Le nouveau monde amoureux, oc, vol. VII, p. 136.
14	Fourier, Théorie de l’unité universelle, oc, vol. V, p. 420.
15	Fourier, Le nouveau monde amoureux, oc, vol. VII, p. 18.
16	Fourier, Theory of the Four Movements, p. 166.
17	Ibid. and Théorie de l’unité universelle, oc, vol. IV, p. 19.
18	Fourier, Le nouveau monde industriel et sociétaire, oc, vol. VI, p. 224.
19	Fourier, Le nouveau monde amoureux, oc, vol. VII, p. 20.
20	Ibid., p. 132.
21	Ibid., p. 131.
22	Fourier, Le nouveau monde industriel et sociétaire, oc, vol. VI, p. 253.
23	Ibid., p. 259.
24	Fourier, Le nouveau monde amoureux, oc, vol. VII, p. 19.
25	Ibid., p. 139.
26	Ibid., p. 140.
27	Ibid., p. 142.
28	Fourier, Théorie de l’unité universelle, oc, vol. V, p. 358.
29	Fourier, Le nouveau monde industriel et sociétaire, oc, vol. VI, p. 255.
30	Ibid., p. 256.
31	Ibid.
32	Fourier, Le nouveau monde amoureux, oc, vol. VII, p. 339.
33	Ibid., p. 339.
34	Ibid., p. 341.
35	Ibid., p. 343.
36	Ibid., p. 346.
37	Ibid., p. 356.
38	Fourier, Théorie de l’unité universelle, oc, vol. V, p. 358.
39	Fourier, Le nouveau monde amoureux, oc, vol. VII, p. 347.
40	Ibid., p. 357.
41	Ibid., p. 133.
42	Ibid., p. 113.
43	Fourier, Theory of the Four Movements, p. 168.
44	Ibid., p. 169.
45	Fourier, Le nouveau monde amoureux, oc, vol. VII, p. 135.
46	Ibid., p. 129.
47	Fourier, Le nouveau monde industriel et sociétaire, oc, vol. VI, p. 260.
48	Ibid.
49	Fourier, Théorie de l’unité universelle, oc, vol. IV, p. 243.
50	Ibid., p. 244.
51	Roland Barthes, Sade, Fourier, Loyola, trans. Richard Miller (Berkeley, CA, 1989), p. 99.

5 NIETZSCHE; OR, THE SAUSAGES OF THE ANTI-CHRIST

1	Friedrich Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York and Toronto, 1969), p. 256.
2	Ibid., p. 240.
3	Ibid., p. 237.
4	Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York and Toronto, 1974), pp. 34–5.
5	Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York and Toronto, 1967), p. 5.
6	Nietzsche, Gay Science, p. 81.
7	Ibid., pp. 81–2.
8	Friedrich Nietzsche, Daybreak, trans. R. J. Hollingdale (Cambridge, 1982), p. 122.
9	Friedrich Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols, trans. Walter Kaufmann (Harmondsworth, 1968), p. 47.
10	Nietzsche, Gay Science, p. 122.
11	Ibid., p. 123.
12	Ibid., p. 104.
13	Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, p. 238.
14	Friedrich Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols, p. 61.
15	Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, p. 238.
16	Friedrich Nietzsche, ‘The Wanderer and His Shadow’, in Human All Too Human, trans. R. J. Hollingdale (Cambridge, 1996), p. 334.
17	Nietzsche, Gay Science, p. 193.
18	Friedrich Nietzsche, The Case of Wagner, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York and Toronto, 1967), p. 165 [translation modified].
19	Friedrich Nietzsche, Selected Letters of Friedrich Nietzsche, ed. and trans. Christopher Middleton (Chicago, 1969), p. 59.
20	Curt Paul Janz, Nietzsche: Biographie, trans. Marc B. de Launay et al. (Paris, 1984), vol. I, p. 306.
21	Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile; or, On Education, trans. Allan Bloom (New York, 1979), p. 153.
22	Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil, trans. R. J. Hollingdale (Harmondsworth, 1973), pp. 145–6.
23	Ibid., p. 180.
24	Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, p. 239.
25	Janz, Nietzsche, vol. III, p. 274.
26	Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, p. 239.
27	Ibid., p. 237.
28	Janz, Nietzsche, vol. II, p. 245.
29	Ibid., vol. III, p. 113.
30	Friedrich Nietzsche, letter to his mother, no. 722, 17 July 1886: www.nietzschesource.org (accessed 1 January 2014).
31	Nietzsche, letter to his mother, no. 885, 3 August 1887: www.nietzschesource.org (accessed 1 January 2014).
32	Nietzsche, letter to his mother, no. 1005, 20 March 1988, www.nietzschesource.org (accessed 1 January 2014).
33	Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, p. 262.
34	Ibid., p. 237.
35	Nietzsche, letter to his mother, no. 768, 9 November 1878, letter to his sister, no. 862: www.nietzschesource.org (accessed 1 January 2014).
36	Friedrich Nietzsche, ‘Schopenhauer as Educator’, in Untimely Meditations, trans. R. J. Hollingdale (Cambridge, 1997), p. 178.
37	Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, p. 259.

6 MARINETTI; OR, THE EXCITED PIG

1	Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, The Futurist Cookbook, trans. Suzanne Brill (London, 1989), p. 36.
2	Ibid.
3	Ibid., p. 37.
4	Ibid., p. 33.
5	Ibid., p. 32.
6	Ibid., p. 21.
7	Ibid.
8	Ibid., pp. 37–8.
9	Ibid., p. 38.
10	Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York and Toronto, 1967), pp. 31–2.
11	Marinetti, Futurist Cookbook, p. 133.
12	Ibid., p. 40.
13	Ibid., p. 143.
14	Ibid., p. 144.
15	Ibid., p. 162.
16	Ibid., p. 145.
17	Ibid., p. 152.
18	Ibid., p. 146.
19	Ibid., p. 147.
20	Ibid., p. 173.
21	Ibid., p. 160.
22	Ibid., p. 110.
23	Ibid., p. 111.

7 SARTRE; OR, THE REVENGE OF THE CRUSTACEANS

1	Simone de Beauvoir, Adieux: A Farewell to Sartre, trans. Patrick O’Brian (London, 1984), p. 332.
2	Ibid.
3	Ibid., p. 333.
4	See the analyses of Suzanne Lilar, A propos de Sartre et de l’amour (Paris, 1967).
5	Jean-Paul Sartre, War Diaries: Notebooks from a Phony War, trans. Quintin Hoare (London, 1984), p. 149.
6	Ibid., p. 153.
7	Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness, trans. Hazel E. Barnes (London, 1958), p. 613.
8	Ibid. (translation modified).
9	Ibid., p. 614.
10	Alice Schwarzer, After the Second Sex, trans. Marianne Howarth (New York, 1984), p. 108.
11	Simone de Beauvoir, The Prime of Life, trans. Peter Green (New York, 1982), p. 107.
12	Annie Cohen-Solal, Sartre: A Life, trans. Anna Cancogni (London, 1987), p. 139.
13	Ibid.
14	Sartre, War Diaries, p. 122.
15	Cohen-Solal, Sartre, p. 179.
16	Sartre, Being and Nothingness, Part 3, Chapter 2, pp. 306–39.
17	Ibid., p. 157.
18	Ibid. (translation modified).
19	Cohen-Solal, Sartre, p. 374 (translation modified).
20	Beauvoir, Adieux, p. 47.
21	Sartre, Being and Nothingness, p. 627.
22	Sartre, interview in Actuel, February 1973, no. 28.
23	Sartre, Being and Nothingness, pp. 596–7.
24	Jean-Paul Sartre, The Psychology of the Imagination (New York, 1948), p. 226.
25	Beauvoir, The Prime of Life, p. 169 (translation modified).
26	Ibid.
27	Jean-Paul Sartre, Nausea, trans. Robert Baldick (London, 1963), p. 89.
28	Jean-Paul Sartre, Words, trans. Irene Clephane (Harmondsworth, 1967), pp. 96–7 (translation modified).
29	Jean-Paul Sartre, The Condemned of Altona, trans. Sylvia and George Leeson (New York, 1963), p. 65.
30	Sartre, Being and Nothingness, p. 615.
31	Beauvoir, Adieux, p. 333.
32	Ibid., p. 334.
33	Ibid.
34	Ibid., p. 409.
35	Cohen-Solal, Sartre, p. 373 (translation modified).
36	Beauvoir, Adieux, p. 332.
37	Sartre, Being and Nothingness, p. 615.
38	Beauvoir, Adieux, p. 230.
39	Sartre, Nausea, p. 116.
40	Sartre, Being and Nothingness, p. 599 (translation modified).
41	Ibid., p. 604.
42	Ibid., p. 614.
43	Sartre, Words, p. 84.
44	Sartre, Nausea, p. 144.
45	Ibid., p. 178.

CONCLUSION: THE GAY SCIENCE OF EATING

1	Annick le Guerer, ‘The Philosophical Nose’, in Scents, trans. Richard Miller (London, 1993).
2	Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Anti-Oedipus, trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem and Helen R. Lane (Minneapolis, MN, 1983), and A Thousand Plateaus, trans. Brian Massumi (Minneapolis, MN, 1987).
3	Jacques Lacarrière, The Gnostics, trans. Nina Rootes (London, 1977).
4	René Major, ‘La logique du nom proper et le transfert’, Confrontation, no. 15 (Paris, 1986), pp. 147–64; La discernement (Paris, 1984); and De l’élection (Paris, 1992).
5	Auguste Hamon, SJ, Sainte Marguerite-Marie (Paris, 1922), p. 90.
6	Ibid., p. 242. Cf. Colette Yver, Marguerite-Marie, messagère du Christ (Paris, 1937).
7	Ibid., p. 89.
8	Ibid., p. 20.
9	Donatien-Alphonse-François de Sade, Juliette, trans. Austryn Wainhouse (New York, 1968), p. 421.
10	Noëlle Châtelet, ‘Le libertin au table’, in Sade: écrire la crise. Actes du colloque de Cerisy, ed. Philippe Roger and Michel Camus (Paris, 1983).
11	Donatien-Alphonse-François de Sade, Oeuvres complètes, vol. IV (Paris, 1961), p. 198.
12	Sade, Juliette, p. 1187; Châtelet, ‘Le libertin au table’, p. 81.
13	Donatien-Alphonse-François de Sade, Justine; or, The Misfortunes of Virtue, trans. John Phillips (Oxford, 2012), p. 136.
14	Cited by Béatrice Fink, ‘Lecture alimentaire de l’utopie sadienne’, in Sade: écrire la crise, p. 175.
15	For the Russian incident, see Simone de Beauvoir, Force of Circumstance, trans. Richard Howard (London, 1965), p. 307; for the Japanese one, Adieux: A Farewell to Sartre, trans. Patrick O’Brian (London, 1984), p. 331; and for the Moroccan one, The Prime of Life, trans. Peter Green (New York, 1962), p. 263.