Adams, Brooks, 66–7
Addams, Jane, 195
Adorno, Theodor, 6
“Advance-Guard Writing” (Goodman), 29
Adventures of Milt the Morph in Colour, The (Nichol), 204
“Afterthought, An” (McCaffery), 215–16
Agamben, Giorgio, 170, 261–2n4
Agitprop, 172
Albers, Anni, 51
Alexander, Lorrimer, 122
Allen, Donald, 29, 31, 266–7n13, 270–1n38, 273–4n54, 286n18
Allen, Pamela, 172, 173–4, 190
Allende, Salvador, 152–5, 280n47, 281n48, 282n54, 283n56
All Poets Welcome (Kane), 16
All That Is Lovely in Men (Creeley and Rice), 51, 80, 81
Althusser, Louis, 255
Altieri, Charles, 4, 5, 31, 82, 261n3
Ananse: Brathwaite’s archetype, 131–8, 140, 142–3
Salkey’s adaptation, 151
“Ananse” (Brathwaite), 133, 136–7
Ancestors trilogy (Brathwaite), 129, 130
Anderson, Benedict, 261–2n4
Anderson, Edgar, 70
Andre, Michael, 91
Andrews, Bruce, 83
“And When You Leave” (Carillo), 166–7
Anthony, Susan B., 195
Anzaldúa, Gloria: and the common, 185–6, 187–8
and consciousness raising, 192
culture and class, 178
and identity, 190–2
languages and dialects spoken by, 191, 287–8n26
and “we,” 191–2
Anzaldúa, Gloria (works): Borderlands/La Frontera, 7, 171, 191
“Reincarnation,” 190–1
This Bridge Called My Back, 164, 166
Aphra, 163
Araya, Arturo, 281n50
Archaeologist of Morning, The (Olson), 33
Aristophanes, 226
Aristotle, 46
Arnold, Matthew, 195, 196, 237
Arrivants, The: A New World Trilogy (Brathwaite): “Ananse,” 133, 136–7
and community, 21
composition of, 104, 105, 129–30
drums, 136–7
“Eating the Dead,” 138–9
emancipatory figures in, 255–6
and imperialism, 132–3, 136–7, 142–3
“Jah,” 132
and language, 126
and mythology, 129, 131–5, 142–3, 160
and nation language, 126
“Negus,” 7
“New World,” 131–5
“Ogun,” 134–5
public readings of, 127–8, 138
“Vèvè,” 7, 142–3. See also Brathwaite, Kamau (works)
Ars Poetica (Horace), 236, 295n43
Art and Artist (Rank), 272n44
Art of Protest, The (Reed), 180
“Arts of the Possible” (Rich), 184, 185
avant-garde movement: and community, 12–18
criticism of, 264n14
and Goodman, 35
and ideology, 256
origin of term, 263n11
and TRG, 214
Badiou, Alain, 12, 25, 136, 162, 170, 252, 256, 263n10
Bakhtin, Mikhail, 223
Ball, Hugo, 294n36
Baraka, Amiri, 89, 100, 114, 265n19, 286n18
Barnard, Mary, 246
Barreto-Rivera, Rafael: and Four Horsemen, 203, 229
and “In the Middle of a Blue Balloon,” 230
and TRG, 205. See also Four Horsemen
Barrett, Elizabeth, 195–6
Barthes, Roland, 213, 214, 216, 297n51
Bataille, Georges, 261–2n4
Bayard, Caroline, 213, 222, 223, 291n21, 293n30
Beach, Christopher, 20
Beacon, The, 111
and multi-authored poetry, 205
and open form poetry, 89
Beaulieu, Michel, 203
Becket, Samuel, 273n52
Belgrad, Daniel, 53–4
Bending the Bow (Duncan), 21, 95–8
Bennett, Louise, 105, 119, 121, 122
Benstock, Shari, 15
Benston, Margaret, 285n9
Berlin, Irving, 180
Bernstein, Charles, 76, 272n42
Between Our Selves (Lorde), 21, 171
Bhabha, Homi, 114
Bibby, Michael, 177
Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (McKenzie), 213
“Bilingual Poem” (Nichol), 247
Billingham, Susan E., 223, 293n30
Bilski, Emily D., 15
Black + Blues (Brathwaite), 129
“Black Art” (Baraka), 114
Black Arts movement, 89, 100, 113–14
Black Jacobins, The (James), 137
“Black Mountain Catalogue” (Olson), 38
Black Mountain College (BMC): about, 24
and anarchism, 36
artists involved with, 35
and CAM, 108
and community, 36–9, 45, 46, 72, 99–100
and consumer culture, 31, 33, 34
and Duncan, 95
faculty of, 51
founding of, 34
gender and sexuality at, 31, 71–2, 74, 77, 88, 265n5
and happenings, 58–9
historical and philosophical context of, 30–1, 259
interdisciplinary experimentation at, 33–4, 39
as literary movement, 3–4
meanings of term, 28–9
organization and structure of, 34, 35, 270–1n38
and post-war nationalism, 34
as predecessor of counter-cultural movement, 30–1
and projective verse, 89
scholarly criticism of, 31–2, 100
use of “movement,” 119. See also Creeley, Robert; Olson, Charles
Black Mountain Review, 28, 33, 66–7, 72, 76, 80, 270–1n38
Black Panthers, 178, 181–2, 274–5n60
Black Parents Movement (BPM), 112, 161
Black Riders (McGann), 220, 293n31
Black Youth Movement (BYM), 112
Blanchot, Maurice, 261–2n4
Blaser, Robin, 16
Blasting and Bombardiering (Lewis), 14
“Blood, Bread, and Poetry” (Rich), 184
BMC. See Black Mountain College (BMC)
“Body: In Light, The” (McCaffery and Nichol), 224, 225–6, 294n34
Bolivar, Simon, 156
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 137
Bongo Jerry, 121
Borderlands/La Frontera (Anzaldúa), 7, 171, 191
bpNichol. See Nichol, bp
Brathwaite, Kamau: about, 106, 108
on African religion, 127
and artistic collectives, 117–19
on Black Arts Movement, 113–14
and BMC, 100
and British context, 127
and CAM, 20, 24–5, 102, 104, 108–11, 117, 119, 127–9, 139, 144, 157–61
and Caribbean connections, 157–60
on Creative Arts Centre (CAC), 119
and creolization, 117
and Duncan, 123
and ground concept, 143
and Guyana, 144
and Jamaica, 144
and La Rose, 24–5, 103, 127–8, 148
and line breaks, 41, 140–1, 143, 275–6n4
and Mau Mau uprising, 133, 278n29
and Maxwell, 144
and migration, 104, 106, 128–9
and nation language, 102, 103, 112, 120–9, 142
and race, 10
and Rohlehr, 106
and Salkey, 24–5, 103, 104, 107
and St Omer, 276n11
Sycorax video style, 140
and time centres, 156
and transculturation, 277n20
and Victor Jara, 283n56
Brathwaite, Kamau (works): overview of works, 129–30
republishing of poems, 130, 139–40
Bim article, 159
Black + Blues, 129
“Dies Irie,” 130
Four Plays for Primary School, 276n9
The History of the Voice, 121–5
Jah Music, 129
“Journeys,” 123–4
Mother Poem, 129
“Nuum,” 141
Other Exiles, 129
Sun Poem, 129
Third World Poems, 129
“X/Self xth letter,” 125–6. See also The Arrivants: A New World Trilogy (Brathwaite)
Braun, Emily, 15
Breaklight (Salkey, ed.), 151
Brecht, George, 22, 25, 203, 210, 242, 255, 296n49
Breeze, Jane, 121
“Bridge Poem, The” (Rushin), 190
“Broken Tower, The” (Crane), 79, 272n43
Broudy, Hart, 203
Brown, Nathan, 24
Brown, Slater, 79
Brutus, Dennis, 122
Buck-Morss, Susan, 289n30
Burroughs, William, 242, 296n48
Butler, Judith, 255
Butterick, George, 48, 62, 67, 80, 268n23
Cage, John: and BMC, 51, 229, 268–9n24
Cage’s proto-happening, 34, 51–2, 56–9, 229, 269n29
and composition, 223
and Kaprow, 58–9
and time brackets, 229. See also Fluxus
Cage, John (works): 4’33”, 59
Julliard lecture by, 59
“McLuhan’s Influence,” 269n28
Where Are We Going? and What Are We Doing?, 269n28
“Caliban” (Brathwaite), 136, 140
CAM. See Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM)
Campbell, George, 121
CaNADAda (Four Horsemen), 203, 209
Capital (Marx), 218
Cardenal, Ernesto, 149
Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM): about, 24–5, 104–6, 108
and The Arrivants, 129
and Bim, 113
Black Parents Movement (BPM), 112
Black Youth Movement (BYM), 112
and BMC, 108
and Brathwaite, 20, 24–5, 102, 104, 108–11, 117, 119, 127–9, 139, 144, 157–61
CAM Newsletter, 110, 119, 122, 144, 159
Caribbean connections of, 157–9
and community, 6–7, 11, 102, 108–11, 113–19, 121, 145, 159
and education reform, 112–13
and Hall, 104
and La Rose, 20, 24–5, 104, 108–10, 114, 117, 119–20, 127–8, 144–7, 157, 250
as movement, 17–18
and nation language, 120–1, 126–7
and New World Group, 158–60
organization of, 102–4, 110–11, 118
and performance art, 104, 127–8
and publishers, 110
and race, 18, 108, 109, 112, 114–18, 256
recording of meetings, 110
and Salkey, 24–5, 36, 104, 107–10, 117, 119, 144–8, 151, 157
Savacou, 104
travel by members, 144–7
and Walmsley, 104, 109–11, 114
warishi nights, 118
West Indian Student Centre (WISC), 104, 108–10, 163, 279n39
Carmichael, Stokely, 114
Carrillo, Jo, 166–7
Caruso, Barbara, 203
Castro, Fidel, 146
Catullus, 180, 241, 249, 295n42
Chelsea, 60
Chicago Women’s Liberation Movement (CWLM), 172, 174, 178
Children of Sisyphus (Patterson), 121
Chopin, Henri, 227, 294n37, 294–5n38
Christensen, Paul, 31
Clay, Stephen, 25
Classic Plays (Higgins), 244–5
Clover, Joshua, 24
Coal (Lorde), 288n27
Coard, Bernard, 112
“Coast to Coast” (Rich), 193
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 188, 216
“Collboration No. 2” (McCaffery and Nichol), 203, 224–5
Collymore, Frank, 113, 121, 144
“Colonization in Reverse” (Bennett), 105
Columbus, Christopher, 131, 132
Combahee River Collective (CRC), 166, 167, 186
Coming Community, The (Agamben), 261–2n4
Common Woman Poems, The (Grahn), 185–6, 194, 196–9
Communist Manifesto, The, 21–2, 251–2
Communitas (Goodman and Goodman), 31
Community and Society (Tönnies), 19
Community of Those Who Have Nothing in Common, The (Lingis), 261–2n4
Comrie, Locksley, 114
“Conditions for Work” (Rich), 171, 184
Connor, Pearl, 127–8
“Conspiracy, The” (Creeley), 84–5
Contrapunto Cubano (Ortiz), 277n20
Conversations with Cage (Kostelanetz), 268–9n24
Correspondence Art (Crane and Stofflet), 210
Cosmic Chef, The (Nichol), 204
Counterblast (McLuhan), 207–10
Coupey, Pierre, 217
Courlander, Harold, 142
Cowley, Abraham, 236
Crane, Hart, 79–80, 272nn43, 45
Crane, Michael, 210
CRC. See Combahee River Collective (CRC)
Creeley, Robert: and abstract expressionism, 33, 51, 76, 81, 82
and appropriation, 259
and Art and Artist (Rank), 272n44
and BMC, 34–6, 75–6, 88, 270–1n38
and collaboration, 24, 75–7, 81–3
and community, 24, 258, 273n52
and Corman, 72
and friendship, 30, 75–6, 85–8
and Goodman, 265n5
and homosexuality, 77–8, 80, 82
and Leed, 80
and Olson, 33, 52, 53–4, 61, 62, 75, 85, 88, 267–8n18, 270–1n38, 273n50
poetic approach of, 83
and Pound, 268n19
and projective verse, 28, 33, 41, 43, 73, 267n15
and “Projective Verse” (Olson), 33, 41, 43, 47, 267n18
publication history of, 80–2
and Rice, 33, 51, 76, 77, 78, 81–2
stylistic similarities of, 46. See also Black Mountain College (BMC)
Creeley, Robert (works): All That Is Lovely in Men, 51, 80, 81–2
and Black Mountain Review, 28, 33, 76, 81
“The Conspiracy,” 84–5
A Form of Women, 80
“For Rainer Gerhardt,” 83, 85–8
Le Fou, 80
“Hart Crane and the Private Judgment,” 272n43
The Immodest Proposal, 81–2
The Immoral Proposition, 80, 81
The Lititz Review, 72
“The Names,” 83
“A Note on Poetry,” 267n15
“Notes for a New Prose,” 267n15
“An Ode,” 75
“Otto Rank and Others,” 80
A Snarling Volume of Xmas Verses, 84
Theatres, 81
“To Define,” 267n15
The Whip, 80
Window, 81. See also For Love (Creeley)
Croce, Benedetto, 240
Crown’s Creek (McCaffery and Smith), 203
“Culture and Anarchy” (Rich), 195–6
Culture of Spontaneity, The (Belgrad), 53
Cunningham, Merce, 24, 34, 35, 51, 57
Dada/Dadaists, 15, 51, 205, 206, 209, 227–8, 259, 269n26, 294n36
Dada Painters and Poets, The (Motherwell), 269n26
Dante Alighieri, 121
Daughters Press, 163
Davey, Frank, 204, 205, 291–2n9
David, Jack, 222
Davidson, Michael, 16–17, 18, 32, 193
Davis, Miles, 43
Dawson, Fielding, 33, 51, 76, 81, 266n9
Declaration of the Rights of Man, The, 138
“Definitions by Undoings” (Olson), 65
“Defying the Space that Separates” (Rich), 184
de Kooning, Elaine, 51
Deleuze, Gilles, 21, 115, 152, 174, 262–3n9
Demeter, 244
Deng Xiaoping, 9
Derrida, Jacques, 30, 213, 245, 261–2n4, 297n51
“Development of the Black Experience and the Nature of Black Society in Britain, The” (La Rose), 144–5, 149
Dewey, Anne, 91
Diamond Cutters, The (Rich), 192
Diefenbaker, John, 207
“Dies Irie” (Brathwaite), 130
di Prima, Diane, 163
“Discussion … Genesis … Continuity” (McCaffery), 230–1
Dobbins, Peggy, 175
Doolittle, Hilda. See H.D.
Double Talk (Koestenbaum), 82
Dream of a Common Language, The (Rich), 170–1, 183
Drucker, Joanne, 220
Duberman, Martin, 58, 77, 78, 265n5
Duncan, Robert: and anarchism, 97–8
and Brathwaite, 123
collaborations of, 33
and the common, 254
and derivative poetics, 89, 254, 258, 273–4n54, 274n55
and didacticism, 95
and Levertov, 90–1, 95, 97, 274n57, 275n62
and military industrial complex, 95–7
and nationalism, 47
and Olson, 98
and political poetry, 30, 32, 50, 60, 89–91, 95–8
and projective verse, 30, 33, 37, 41, 42, 89, 267n15
and “Projective Verse” (Olson), 41, 46–7, 273–4n54
and the San Francisco Renaissance, 95
and serial composition, 98
stylistic similarities of, 46
totalitarian (meaning of), 50
and “we,” 192
Duncan, Robert (works): Bending the Bow, 21, 95–8
“Equilibrations,” 267n15
“Field Theory,” 267n15
Ground Work, 98
“Ideas of the Meaning of Form,” 26, 46–7, 98
The Opening of the Field, 33, 89
“Pages from a Notebook,” 273–4n54
Roots and Branches, 273–4n54
Tribunals, 98
DuPlessis, Rachel Blau, 32, 72, 167, 193
du Plessix Gray, Francine, 32, 35, 52, 57, 73, 77
Dutton, Paul, 25, 203, 228, 230, 233, 234. See also Four Horsemen
“Eating the Dead” (Brathwaite), 138–9
Economic and Philosophical Manuscript (Marx), 218
Edge (McCaffery and Smith), 203
Edwards, Adolph, 111
8 × 8 (McCaffery), 203
Eisenhower, Dwight, 95
Eliot, T.S., 4, 31, 121, 128, 198, 252
Emerson, Lori, 204
English in the West Indies, The (Froude), 112
Enlarging the Temple (Alteiri), 261n3
“Equilibrations” (Duncan), 267n15
Escape to an Autumn Pavement (Salkey), 104, 151
Eternal Network (Welch, ed.), 210
“Everchanging Immanence of Culture” (La Rose), 150
Eyelets of Truth (La Rose), 149
Faas, Ekbert, 75
“Fantasy in Space” (La Rose), 126–7, 149
Fast, Robin Riley, 91
Fenollosa, Ernest, 39
Feree, Myra Marx, 165
Fernandez, Pablo Armando, 145
Ferrini, Vincent, 64
Ferry, W.H., 38, 39, 52, 54, 59, 82, 266n12
Few, Malrey, 52
“Field Theory” (Duncan and Palmer), 267n15
Figuero, John, 121
Filliou, Robert: and collaboration, 209
and Communist Manifesto, 22, 250–2
and Eternal Network, 22, 210, 255, 298n54
and Four Horsemen, 25
Filliou, Robert (works): 14 Chansons et 1 Charade (Filliou), 242, 296n49
Six Fillious, 203, 242–3, 250, 296n49
Fink, Thomas, 18
Finlay, Ian Hamilton, 222
Florika, 175
Fluxus: Cage’s proto-happening, 34, 51–2, 56–9, 229, 269n29
and Eternal Network, 173, 210–11
and experimentalism, 21
and Higgins, 203
membership of, 235n239
and TRG, 11, 25, 200, 203, 234, 253
and UbuWeb, 257
and WITCH, 179. See also Cage, John
“For Love” (Creeley), 80
For Love (Creeley): collaborations with visual artists, 81–3
“For Love,” 80
“For Rainer Gerhardt,” 83, 85–8
friendships and relationships in, 30, 32, 37, 50, 76–80, 83–4
and gender and sexuality, 76–8
“The Memory,” 77
publication history of, 80–1
reception of, 83
“Song,” 76
“The Wind,” 77. See also Creeley, Robert
Form of Women, A (Creeley), 80
Fornet, Ambrosid, 147
“For Rainer Gerhardt” (Creeley), 83, 85–8
Foster, Edward Halsey, 31
Foucault, Michel, 66, 213, 216, 255, 275n3
Foundations (La Rose), 104, 111–12, 126, 149
Four Horsemen: and collaboration, 54–5, 217–18
and community, 230–1
initial response to, 217
inscription system, 229–30, 232
list of members, 203
Poetry and Things reading series, 229
prominence of Nichol, 292n27
and sound poetry, 228–31, 294n36. See also Barreto-Rivera, Rafael; Dutton, Paul; McCaffery, Steve; Nichol, bp; Toronto Research Group (TRG)
Four Horsemen (works): CaNADAda, 209
“In the Middle of a Blue Balloon,” 228, 230, 231
Live in the West, 203, 209, 233–4
“Matthew’s Line,” 228, 231, 233
Seasons, 229
“Stage Lost,” 228
4’33” (Cage), 59
Fraudacity (Thomas), 112
Fredman, Stephen, 31
Freeman, Jo, 11, 116, 165, 172, 174–6
“Free Space” (Allen), 173–4
Friedman, Milton, 154, 281–2n51
Froude, James Anthony, 112
Fuller, Buckminster, 35
Furnival, John, 222
Gage, Matilda Joslyn, 195
Gardiner, Dwight, 217
“Gate and the Centre, The” (Olson), 38
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr, 125
Gay, Michel, 203
Gay Women’s Liberation, 166
Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (Tönnies), 19
Georgetown Journal (Salkey), 105, 151
Gerhardt, Rainer, 86–7, 273n51
Gerhardt, Renate, 86
Gins, Madeline, 222
Glissant, Édouard, 115–16, 262–3n9
“Glyph for Charles, A” (Shahn), 52, 54–5
“Glyphs” poem (Olson), 52–4
Going Too Far (Morgan), 171, 177
Goldowski, Natasha, 48
Goldwater, Barry, 132
Gonick, Cy, 206
“Goodbye To All That” (Morgan), 174–5, 182
Goodman, Paul, 29, 30, 31, 35, 206, 265n4
Grahn, Judy: and class, 178, 197–9
and the common, 185, 187, 196–9
and Gay Women’s Liberation, 166
and Rich, 196
and A Woman’s Place, 166
and the Women’s Press Collective, 166
Grahn, Judy (works): The Common Woman Poems, 185–6, 194, 196–9
Really Reading Gertrude Stein, 171
“She Who,” 198–9
“A Woman Is Talking to Death,” 185
Gray, Cecil, 159
Green, Peter, 241
Grez, Pablo Rodriguez, 281–2n51
Ground Work (Duncan), 98
Guattari, Félix, 21, 115, 262–3n9
Guerilla Girls, 179
Guevara, Che, 129–31, 146–9, 156, 158, 160, 280n46
Guthrie, Woody, 179
Habermas, Jürgen, 119
Hall, Stuart: and articulation, 102, 121
and CAM, 104
and cultural creolization, 117
and ethnicity, 114–15
and modernism, 15
Hamilton, Norma Fay, 119
Hanisch, Carol, 173
Hardt, Michael, 11, 12, 25, 169, 170, 202, 263n10
Harris, Aubrey, 114
Harris, William J., 286n18
Harris, Wilson, 104, 111, 114, 144
“Hart Crane” (Creeley), 79–80, 83
“Hart Crane and the Private Judgment” (Creeley), 272n43
Hartman, Charles O., 40
Havana Journal (Salkey), 105, 151
Hearne, J., 159
Hearts and Minds (Bibby), 177
Hegel, Haiti, and Universal History (Buck-Morss), 289n30
Heidsieck, Bernard, 294–5n38
Heraclitus, 48–50
Hess, Beth B., 165
Higgins, Dick: and Fluxus, 203
and Institute of Creative Misunderstanding, 211, 243, 297n50
and intermedia, 220
and language, 297n51
and Language Group, 203
and McCaffery, 245–6, 294–5n38, 297nn50–1
and 14 Chansons et 1 Charade (Filliou), 296n49
and translation, 235, 240–6, 297nn50–1
and TRG, 11, 25, 203, 205, 209, 211–12, 220, 243
Higgins, Dick (works): Classic Plays, 244–5
Six Fillious, 203, 242–3, 250, 296n49
“A Taxonomy of Sound Poetry,” 226–8, 294n37
“Teleology,” 297n51
Translating Translating Apollinaire, 203
Higgins, Lesley, 237
Hill, Bobby, 159
Hill, Errol, 106
Hindmarch, Gladys, 217
“History of North American Respiration” (McCaffery), 233–4
History of the Voice, The (Brathwaite), 121, 122–5
History of Women’s Suffrage, The (Harper and Harper), 195, 196
Hitler, Adolph, 95
Hobbes, Thomas, 67
Homeric Hymn to Demeter, 244
hooks, bell, 117
Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 261n3
Howard, Ebenezer, 265n4
Howe, Darcus, 283–4n62
Howe, Susan, 193
“Howl” (Ginsberg), 6
How the West Indian Child Is Made Educationally Sub-normal in the British School System (Coard), 112
“How You Sound??” (Baraka), 267n15
Hudson Review, 72
Huelsenbeck, Richard, 228
Human Universe (Olson), 33, 37–8, 44
A Humument (Phillips), 242
Hutchison, Alexander, 203
“Ideas of the Meaning of Form” (Duncan), 26, 46–7, 98
If You (Creeley and Dawson), 51, 80, 81
Ignatow, David, 60
Imagined Communities (Anderson), 261–2n4
Imagism, 14
“I, Mencius” (Olson), 21, 40, 47
Immodest Proposal, The (Creeley), 81–2
Immoral Proposition, The (Creeley and Laubiès), 80, 81
Imperial Eyes (Pratt), 277n20
“Incipience” (Rich), 7
Indiana, Robert, 81
“In England Now that Spring” (McCaffery and Nichol), 203
“Inside” (Salkey), 152–3
“Interlude: Heavy Company” (TRG), 223
In the First Cities (Lorde), 288n27
In the Hills Where Her Dreams Live (Salkey), 151–2, 280n43
“In the Middle of a Blue Balloon” (Four Horsemen), 228, 230, 231
Intimate Distortions (McCaffery), 245–6, 295n42, 297n50
“Intimations of Immortality” (Wordsworth), 233
Islands (Brathwaite), 6–7, 104, 127
“Is There a West Indian Aesthetic?” (Patterson), 121–2
Jaeger, Peter, 217, 290–1n8, 296n46
Jaffe, Naomi, 175
“Jah” (Brathwaite), 132
Jah Music (Brathwaite), 129
Jakobson, Roman, 237–8, 240, 246, 296n46
Jamaica Symphony (Salkey), 151, 280n43
James, C.L.R., 106, 111, 137, 144, 276n5
Jameson, Anna Brownell, 195–6
Janko, Marcel, 228
Jara, Victor, 153, 156, 283n56
Jaszi, Peter, 214
Jewish Women and Their Salons (Braun), 15
Johnson, B.S., 222
Johnson, Cletus, 81
Johnson, Linton Kwesi, 121
Johnson, Lyndon, 95
Johnson, Ray, 51
Jones, Bridget, 106
Jones, Claudia, 276n8
Jones, LeRoi, 17
Joris, Pierre, 13
Journeying & the Returns (Nichol), 204
“Journeys” (Brathwaite), 123–4
Jowett, Benjamin, 237
Kane, Daniel, 16
Kaprow, Allan, 22, 51, 58, 59, 250, 252, 269n25, 298n54
Kelsey Street Press, 163
Kenyon Review, 29
Kerouac, Jack, 89
King, Bryan, 108–9
“Kingfishers, The” (Olson), 42, 47–50, 65, 268n23
King, Martin Luther, Jr, 107, 114, 129
Knight, Alan, 293n30
Koestenbaum, Wayne, 82
Kommunist Manifesto (McCaffery), 21–2, 251–2
Konfessions of an Elizabethan Fan Dancer (Nichol), 204
Kostelanetz, Richard, 51, 227, 228, 268–9n24
Kriwet, Ferdinend, 222
Kumin, Maxine, 193
Language Group: and Creeley, 83, 272n42
critique of, Schaefer, Standard, 270–1n38
and multi-authored works, 205
post-Language poetry, 78
“Language of Performance of Language, The” (TRG), 216, 294n34
Larkin, Philip, 6
La Rose, Irma, 112
La Rose, John: about, 106–7, 108
and abstract art, 127
and The Black Jacobins, 137
and Brathwaite, 25, 103, 127–8, 148
and British context, 127
and CAM, 20, 25, 104, 108–10, 114, 117, 119–20, 127–8, 144–7, 157, 250
cultural critique, 119–20, 133
and Guyana, 144
and Havana Congress of Third World Intellectuals, 113, 144–7, 157
and Marxism, 119–20
and music, 148
and nation language, 103
New Beacon Books, 110, 111–12, 128
and politics, 106–7, 129, 133, 147–50
populism and popularity, 148–9
and Salkey, 25, 103, 113, 144–9, 157
and Trinidad, 148
and Victor Jara, 283n56
La Rose, John (works): overview of works, 149
“The Development of the Black Experience and the Nature of Black Society in Britain,” 144–5, 149
“Everchanging Immanence of Culture,” 150
Eyelets of Truth, 149
“Fantasy in Space,” 126–7, 149
Foundations, 104, 111–12, 126, 149
“Prosepoem for a Conference,” 144–6, 149, 157
Voice of Youth, 107
Last Avant-Garde, The (Lehman), 16
Le Fou (Creeley), 80
Legba (archetype), 131–2, 134–5, 142–3
“Legba” (Brathwaite), 134, 140–1
Legend (McCaffery and Language Group), 203
Lehman, David, 16
“Let Not My Love Be Called Idolatry” (McCaffery), 241–2
“Let Not My Love Be Called Idolatry” (Shakespeare), 241–2
“Letter ‘a’ According to Chomsky, The” (McCaffery), 239
Letters (Duncan), 33
“Letter to a Sister Underground” (Morgan), 193
“Letter to the Faculty of Black Mountain College” (Olson), 36–7
Levertov, Denise: and citation, 194
and confessional mode, 91–2
and Duncan, 90–1, 95, 97, 274n57, 275n62
and New Left, 194
and political poetry, 30, 47, 50, 90–5, 172, 258, 274n57, 275n62
and projective verse, 32, 41, 42, 89, 94–5, 172
and “Projective Verse” (Olson), 41, 44
Levertov, Denise (works): “The Olga Poems,” 92
“On the Function of the Line,” 267n15
“Staying Alive,” 90, 91–4, 156
To Stay Alive, 21, 89, 92–4, 100, 193, 274–5n60
Leviathan (Hobbes), 67
Licata, Elizabeth, 81
Lingis, Alphonso, 261–2n4
Lititz Review, 72
Litz, Katherine, 33–4, 51–2, 54–5
Live in the West (Four Horsemen), 203, 209, 233–4
Livesay, Dorothy, 207
Logue, Christopher, 273n52
Lonely Londoners, The (Salvon), 122
Lopez, George A., 281n50
Lorde, Audre: and the common, 186
and consciousness raising, 188–9
culture and class, 178
“School Note,” 163
Lorde, Audre (works): Between Our Selves, 21, 171
Coal, 288n27
In the First Cities, 288n27
“Notes from a Trip to Russia,” 167
“Poetry Is Not a Luxury,” 171
“Lunch with LeRoi” (O’Hara), 84
Lyon, Janet, 263–4n12
Maciunas, George, 203, 289n7, 295n39
Man and Socialism in Cuba (Guevara), 147, 148–9
Mannoni, Octave, 140
Marcus Garvey (Edwards), 111
Mariategui, Jose Carlos, 153, 156, 282–3n55
Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso, 14, 262–3n9, 263n11
Marks, Corey, 188
Marley, Bob, 121
Martyrology, The (Nichol), 204, 290–1n8, 291–2n9
Marx, Karl, 21, 22, 29, 186, 202, 219
Marx, Karl (works): Capital, 218
Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, 218
Masks (Brathwaite), 104, 127, 130, 138
Mason, Philip, 140
Massey Report (Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters, and Sciences), 209
Matthei, Chuck, 94
“Matthew’s Line” (Four Horsemen), 228, 231, 233
Matthiesen, F.O., 31
Maximus Poems, The (Olson): and community, 29–30, 36–7, 62–4
composition of, 33, 61, 270n34
dedication and epigraph, 61–2
and letter format, 63
and migration, 70–1
and pejorocracy, 65–6
and “polis” concept, 21, 30, 32, 37, 39, 50, 60–74, 108
as political poetry, 60
the problem of “the One and the Many,” 61–2, 69–70
and projective verse, 63
and totality, 9, 64. See also Olson, Charles (works)
Maxwell, Marina, 144, 158, 159
McAndrew, Wordsworth, 122
McCaffery, Steve: and collaboration, 206, 249–51
collaboration with Nichol, 225, 235, 253, 293n29
and composition, 220, 222–3, 225–6
and Eternal Network, 22, 235, 250–3, 298n54
and Higgins, 245–6, 294–5n38, 297nn50–1
homolinguistic translation, 240–2, 247–9, 295n42
and innovation, 212–13
and Institute of Creative Misunderstanding, 211, 297n50
and nationalism, 207–9
and Nichol, 24, 203, 209–15, 217, 221–6, 235, 238, 240–2, 246, 249–50, 253, 258, 289–90n8, 291n18, 293nn29–30
and Open Letter, 211–12, 291n11
poetry vs. prose, 293n29
and romanticism, 214–16
and Shakespeare, 241–2, 295n42
textual appropriations, 215–16
and translation, 235, 238–43, 245–51, 295n42, 297nn50–1
and TRG, 202–3, 205, 209, 212–13, 217, 221–6, 235, 238, 240–2, 246–53, 258, 289–90n8
and TRG reports, 219–24, 293n30
and visual poetry, 222, 225, 236, 253, 293n29
and “we-full” paradigm, 24, 88, 217, 233, 234, 258. See also Four Horsemen; Toronto Research Group (TRG)
McCaffery, Steve (works): “An Afterthought,” 215–16
“The Body: In Light,” 224, 225–6, 294n34
Carnival, 290–1n8
“Collboration No. 2,” 203, 224–5
Crown’s Creek, 203
“Discussion … Genesis … Continuity,” 230–1
Edge, 203
8 × 8, 203
“In England Now that Spring,” 203
Intimate Distortions, 245–6, 295n42
Kommunist Manifesto, 21–2, 251
Legend, 203
“Let Not My Love Be Called Idolatry,” 241–2
“The Letter ‘a’ According to Chomsky,” 239
North of Intention, 209
“A Note on Intimate Distortions,” 297n50
Panopticon, 205, 290–1n8, 291n11
“Parallel Texts,” 203
“Performed Paragrammatism,” 225
Rational Geomancy, 24, 205, 213–26, 235, 240, 246–9, 293nn29–32, 294n34, 296n46
Scenarios, 203
Seven Pages Missing, 295n42
Six Fillious, 203, 242–3, 250, 296n49
“A Translation of Sir Philip Sidney’s Sonnet XXXI from ‘Astrophel and Stella’,” 247–9
“Unposted Correspondence,” 240
McClelland and Stewart, 208
McClure, Michael, 16
McGann, Jerome, 220, 221, 293n31
McKenzie, D.F., 213, 221, 292–3n28
McLuhan, Marshal, 56, 207–10, 269n28
“McLuhan’s Influence” (Cage), 269n28
“Memory, The” (Creeley), 77
Merlin, 273n52
Milton, John, 141, 279n36, 296n48
“Mischievous Eve” (Four Horsemen), 228, 233–4
Mitchell, Maria, 195
Monster (Morgan), 171
Montefiore, Jan, 183–4
Moore, Honor, 163, 189–90, 193
Moore, Samuel, 251
Moraga, Cherríe, 164, 166, 167, 169, 171
Morgan, Robin: and community, 168
and consciousness raising, 173
and equality, 200
and feminist counter-culture, 25
and New Left, 33, 162, 174–5, 200
The New Woman’s Survival Sourcebook (Ramstad and Ronnie, eds.), 164
and NOW, 166
and NYRW, 166
and sisterhood, 178
Morgan, Robin (works): Going Too Far, 171, 177
“Goodbye To All That,” 174–5, 182
“Letter to a Sister Underground,” 193
Monster, 171
“Portrait of the Artist as Two Young Women,” 193
Sisterhood Is Powerful, 164, 180
“Voices from Six Tapestries,” 194
Morris, Adalaide, 24
Morrison, Paul, 14–15
Motherhood Reconceived (Umansky), 177
Mother Poem (Brathwaite), 129
“Mother’s Day Incantation” (WITCH), 177
Motherwell, Robert, 35, 51, 269n26
Mouffe, Chantal, 120, 124, 170
Moving Out, 163
Ms., 172
“Multiversity, The” (Duncan), 95–6, 97
Munday, Jeremy, 296n44
Muste, A.J., 94
Mutabaraka, 121
Naipaul, V.S., 276n5
“Names, The” (Creeley), 83
Nancy, Jean-Luc, 118, 261–2n4, 277n21
“Natural Resources” (Rice), 7, 116
Nealon, Christopher, 78
Negri, Antonio, 11, 12, 25, 169, 170, 202, 263n10
New American Poetry, 1950–1965, The (Allen), 29, 273–4n54, 286n18
New Beacon Books, 110, 111–12, 160–1, 276n16
New Critics: autonomy of art object, 40, 82
and BMC, 31–2
and Origins, 72
New Empire, The (Adams), 66–7
New Poetics in Canada and Quebec, The (Bayard), 291n21
New Woman’s Survival Sourcebook, The (Ramstad and Ronnie, eds.), 7, 164, 189–90
“New World” (Brathwaite), 131–5
New World Group, 142, 158–60, 283n59
New York School, the: and BMC, 31, 100
and open form poetry, 89
Nichol, bp: and collaboration, 249–51
and community, 204
and composition, 220, 222–3, 225–6
and innovation, 212–13
and Institute of Creative Misunderstanding, 211, 297n50
and Language Group, 203
and McCaffery, 24, 203, 209–15, 217, 221–6, 235, 238, 240–2, 246, 249–50, 253, 258, 289–90n8, 291n18, 293nn29–30
poetry vs. prose, 293n29
and romanticism, 214–15
and translation, 238, 240–1, 247, 249–51, 295n42
and TRG, 202–5, 209, 212–13, 217, 221–6, 235, 238–42, 246, 249–50, 253, 258, 289–90n8
and visual poetry, 225, 235, 237, 253, 293n29
and “we-full” paradigm, 24, 88, 217, 233, 235, 258. See also Four Horsemen; Toronto Research Group (TRG)
Nichol, bp (works): The Adventures of Milt the Morph in Colour, 204
“Bilingual Poem,” 247
“The Body: In Light,” 224, 225–6, 294n34
“Collboration No. 2,” 203, 224–5
The Cosmic Chef, 204
Ganglia Press (ed.), 204
“In England Now that Spring,” 203
Journeying & the Returns, 204
Konfessions of an Elizabethan Fan Dancer, 204
The Martyrology, 204, 290–1n8, 291–2n9
“Parallel Texts,” 203
“Performed Paragrammatism,” 225
Rational Geomancy, 24, 205, 213–26, 235, 240, 246–9, 293nn29–32, 294n34, 296n46
Seripress collaborations (with Barbara Caruso), 203
Six Fillious, 203, 242–3, 250, 296n49
Translating Translating Apollinaire, 203, 295n42
visual poetry, 297–8n53
Nicholodeon (Wershler [-Henry]), 297–8n53
Nixon, Richard, 152
Nixon, Rob, 140
Noland, Kenneth, 51
No More Masks!, 164
North of Intention (McCaffery), 209
Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry, 4
“Note on Intimate Distortions, A” (McCaffery), 297n50
“Note on Poetry, A” (Creeley), 267n15
“Notes for a New Prose” (Creeley), 267n15
“Notes from a Trip to Russia” (Lorde), 167
“Notes on a Collaboration” (Breton and Eluard), 216
“Notes Toward a Politics of Location” (Rich), 184
“November 1968” (Rich), 192–3
Novik, Mary, 84
Numbers (Creeley and Indiana), 81, 272n42
“Nuns Fret Not at Their Convent’s Narrow Room” (Wordsworth), 215–16
“Nuum” (Brathwaite), 141
Nyame, 133
Odale’s Choice (Brathwaite), 276n9
“Ode, An” (Creeley), 75
Office of War Information (OWI), 34–5
Of Women Born (Rich), 183
Ogun (archetype), 131–2, 134–5, 139, 142–3, 148
“Ogun” (Brathwaite), 134–5
O’Hara, Frank, 17, 84, 89, 100
Okamura, Arthur, 81
Oldenburg, Claes, 58
“Olga Poems, The,” 92
Oliva, Achille Bonito, 16
Olson, Charles: and BMC, 10, 24, 28, 30–40, 43, 45–6, 48, 51–5, 57, 61–2, 64, 75, 99–100, 108, 193, 265n3, 266nn6, 9, 268n23, 270–1n38
and Cage’s proto-happening, 52, 57
and Corman, 72–4
and Creeley, 33, 61, 75, 85, 88, 267–8n18, 270–1n38, 273n50
and dance and theatre, 33–4
discourse (concept of), 38
and Duncan, 98
and gender and sexuality, 31, 71–2, 74, 77
and localism, 71
and McLuhan, 209
the One and the Many, 61, 62, 65, 196
and politics, 34–5, 47, 53–4, 60–1, 64, 68–9, 70, 88, 268n23, 286n18
as post-modern poet, 9
and Pound, 268n19
and Process and Reality, 62, 266n11
and projective verse, 33, 37, 41, 42, 73, 266–7n13
relation (concept of), 38–9, 42, 59
work background of, 34–5. See also Black Mountain College (BMC)
Olson, Charles (works): The Archaeologist of Morning, 33
Berkeley lecture of, 68–9, 270–1n38
“Black Mountain Catalogue,” 38
“Definitions by Undoings,” 65
“For R.C.,” 61
“The Gate and the Centre,” 38
“Glyphs” poem, 52–4
“The Kingfishers,” 42, 47–50, 65, 268n23
“Letter to the Faculty of Black Mountain College,” 36–7
letter to W.H. Ferry, 38, 52, 54, 59
and Origins, 72–4
“The Projective, in Poetry and in Thought,” 266–7n13
The Special View of History, 33, 64. See also The Maximus Poems (Olson); “Projective Verse” (Olson)
“On Linguistic Aspects of Translation” (Jakobson), 237–8
“On Solitude of Self” (Scanton), 195
“On the Function of the Line” (Levertov), 267n15
Opening of the Field, The (Duncan), 33, 89
Open Letter, 204, 211–12, 247, 249–50, 291n11
Other Exiles (Brathwaite), 129
“Otto Rank and Others” (Creeley), 80
Oxford University Press, 110
“Pages from a Notebook” (Duncan), 273–4n54
Panopticon (McCaffery), 205, 290–1n8, 291n11
Paradise Lost (Milton), 279n36, 296n48
“Parallel Texts” (McCaffery and Nichol), 203
Parker, Pat, 163
“Pass the Word, Sister” (WITCH), 177–8, 181–2
Pater, Walter, 237
Patterson, Orlando, 104, 109, 121–2, 145, 159
“Paula Becker to Clara Westhoff” (Rich), 194
“Performed Paragrammatism” (McCaffery and Nichol), 225
Perkins, Elaine, 119
Perloff, Marjorie, 5, 32, 40, 83, 220, 268n19
Peslikis, Irene, 172
Philip, Nourbese M., 140
Philips, Rodney, 25
Piaf, Edith, 57
Pigniatari, Decio, 246
Pindar, 236
Pindaric Odes (Cowley), 236
Pinochet, Augusto, 153–4, 280n46, 281n48
Pinto, Luiz Angelo, 246
Pisan Cantos (Pound), 65
“Place, The” (Creeley), 83, 84
Plants, Man and Life (Anderson), 70
Plath, Sylvia, 22–3, 180, 193–4, 198
“poesie sonore” (Chopin), 294–5n38
Poetic Avant-Garde, The (Strong), 15–16
Poetics of Fascism, The (Morrison), 14–15
Poetics of Relation (Glissant), 262n9
“Poetry and the Public Sphere” (Rich), 184
Poetry and Things reading series, 229
“Poetry Is Not a Luxury” (Lorde), 171
Poggioli, Renato, 13–14, 15, 16, 264n14
“Polemic #1” (Moore), 189–90, 193
“Political Economy of Women’s Liberation, The” (Benston), 285n9
Politics of Friendship (Derrida), 261–2n4
“Portrait of the Artist as Two Young Women” (Morgan), 193
Pound, Ezra: and avant-garde, 263n11
and BMC, 259
and collaboration, 13
Creeley and Gerhardt, 86
and literary history, 31, 39–40, 259
and musical phrase, 268n19
Pisan Cantos, 65
“Power and Danger” (Rich), 171, 184
“Power as a Function of the Group” (Kearon), 12, 169
Pratt, Mary Louise, 117, 277n20
Pratt, Minnie Bruce, 163
“Present Is Prologue, The” (Olson), 33
“Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody, A” (Berlin), 180
Process and Reality (Whitehead), 62, 266n11
“Program for Feminist ‘Consciousness Raising,’ A” (Sarachild), 172–3
“Projective, in Poetry and in Thought, The” (Olson), 266–7n13
“Projective Verse” (Olson): composition by field (principles), 39–40, 42–5
correspondence with Creeley, 33
and Creeley, 41, 43, 47, 267–8n18
and Duncan, 41, 46–7, 273–4n54
function of typewriter, 39
and gender equality, 71–2
influence of, 39
and letter to W.H. Ferry, 39
and objectism, 39, 40, 45–6, 267–8n18
publication of, 39. See also Olson, Charles
“Prosepoem for a Conference” (La Rose), 144–6, 149, 157
Prose Tattoo, The (Four Horsemen), 232
Quality of Violence, A (Salkey), 104, 151
14 Chansons et 1 Charade (Filliou), 242, 296n49. See also Six Fillious (multiple authors)
Radiant Textuality (McGann), 220
Radical Feminism, 172
Radi os (Johnson), 242, 296n48
Ramchand, Kenneth, 104
Ramstad, Kirsten, 164
Rancière, Jacques, 21
Rank, Otto, 272n44
Rational Geomancy, 24, 205, 213–19, 220–6, 235, 240, 246–9, 293nn29–32, 294n34, 296n46
Rauschenberg, Robert, 24, 34, 35, 51, 57
Really Reading Gertrude Stein (Grahn), 171
Redding, Arthur, 262n8
Red Stockings, 174
Reed, T.V., 180
“Reincarnation” (Anzaldúa), 190–1
“Remember Haiti, Cuba, Vietnam” (Salkey), 147–8
Return to an Autumn Pavement (Salkey), 151
and Creeley, 33, 51, 76, 77, 78, 81–2
and Goodman, 265n5
Rice, John Andrew, 34
Rich, Adrienne: and appropriation, 195–6
and collage, 195–6
and the common, 183–5, 187, 191, 250–1
culture and class, 178
and difference, 259
and Grahn, 196
influences on, 286n18
The New Woman’s Survival Sourcebook (Ramstad and Ronnie, eds.), 164
and open form poetry, 192–3
writing as revision, 182, 212, 256
Rich, Adrienne (works): “Arts of the Possible,” 184, 185
“Blood, Bread, and Poetry,” 184
“Coast to Coast,” 193
“Conditions for Work,” 171, 184
“Culture and Anarchy,” 195–6
“Defying the Space that Separates,” 184
The Diamond Cutters, 192
The Dream of a Common Language, 170–1, 183
“Incipience,” 7
“Natural Resources,” 7
“Notes Toward a Politics of Location,” 184
“November 1968,” 192–3
Of Women Born, 183
“Paula Becker to Clara Westhoff,” 194
“Poetry and the Public Sphere,” 184
Time’s Power, 183
“A Walk by the Charles,” 192
“When We Dead Awaken,” 182
A Wild Patience Has Taken Me This Far, 21, 194
A Will to Change, 192–3
Richards, M.C., 57
Rifkin, Libbie, 32, 193, 270–1n38
Rights of Passage (Brathwaite), 127–8, 148
Rising Tides, 164
Rohlehr, Gordon: and Ananse, 133
and The Arrivants: A New World Trilogy, 132, 134–5
and Guyana, 157
Rohlehr, Gordon (works), “Sparrow and the Language of the Calypso,” 122
Ronnie, Susan, 164
Roots and Branches (Duncan), 273–4n54
Ross, Andrew, 78
Roth, Dieter, 25, 203, 209, 242, 296n49
Roy, André, 203
Rushkin, Donna Kate, 190
Ryan, Barbara, 165
Salkey, Andrew: about, 107–8, 151
awards, 151
and Brathwaite, 25, 103, 104, 107
and CAM, 25, 36, 104, 107–9, 117, 119, 144–8, 151, 157
and Caribbean Voices, 107, 144
and Chile, 152–6
and Havana Congress of Third World Intellectuals, 113, 144–7, 151, 157
and La Rose, 25, 103, 113, 144–9, 157
and Marxism, 107
migration to England, 107
and nation language, 103
and race, 107
residence of, 104
Salkey, Andrew (works): Away, 151, 280n43
Breaklight, 151
Escape to an Autumn Pavement, 104, 151
Havana Journal, 151
“Inside,” 152–3
In the Hills Where Her Dreams Live, 151–2, 280n43
A Quality of Violence, 104, 151
“Remember Haiti, Cuba, Vietnam,” 147–8
Writing in Cuba Since the Revolution, 147, 149, 151
San Francisco Renaissance: and BMC, 31, 100
and Duncan, 95
and gender equality, 16–17
and projective verse, 89
San Francisco Renaissance, The (Davidson), 16
Sappho (Bernard), 245–6
Savacou, 104
Scanton, Elizabeth Cady, 195
Scenarios (McCaffery), 203
Schaefer, Standard, 270–1n38
“School Note” (Lorde), 163
Scobie, Stephen, 233
“Seasons” (Four Horsemen), 228, 232
Seasons (Four Horsemen), 229
Seripress collaborations (bpNichol and Caruso), 203
Seven Pages Missing (McCaffery), 295n42
Sexton, Anne, 193
Shahn, Abby, 54
Shahn, Ben, 34, 52, 54, 55, 268n23
Shahn, Bernarda, 54
Shakespeare, William, 241–2, 295n42
Shameless Hussy Press, 163
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 188, 215, 255
“She Who” (Grahn), 198–9
She Who (Grahn), 185, 194, 198–9
Silliman, Ron, 16, 29, 190, 264n17, 290–1n8
Sinister Wisdom, 163
Sisterhood Is Powerful (Morgan), 164, 180
Six Fillious (multiple authors), 203, 242–3, 250, 296n49. See also 14 Chansons et 1 Charade (Filliou)
“Slave, The” (Mighty Sparrow), 122
Smith, Michael, 121
Smith, Rose, 178
Smith, Steve, 203
Snarling Volume of Xmas Verses, A (Creeley), 84
“Soldiers, The” (Duncan), 96
“Song” (Creeley), 76
“Song and Dance of, The” (Olson), 29
Sonthonax, Léger-Félicité, 137
Soupault, Phillippe, 216
Speakout, 163
Special View of History, The (Olson), 33, 64
Spender, Stephen, 16
Spicer, Jack, 16
Spivak, Gayatri, 117
“Stage Lost” (Four Horsemen), 228
Stallworthy, Jon, 110
Stanley, George, 203
“Staying Alive” (Levertov), 90, 91, 92–4, 156
Stefans, Brian Kim, 270–1n38
Stein, Gertrude, 89, 197, 199, 222
St Mark’s Poetry Project, 89, 205
Stofflet, Mary, 210
Stohl, Michael, 281n50
St Omer, Dunstan, 276n11
Strong, Beret E., 15–16
Sun Poem (Brathwaite), 129
Surrealists, 14, 205, 216, 217
Tacky (Jamaican rebel), 129, 130, 137, 143
Talfourd, Thomas Noon, 291–2n22
Tate, Allen, 272n43
“Taxonomy of Sound Poetry, A” (Higgins), 226–8, 294n37
Tender Buttons (Stein), 222
Textual Condition, The (McGann), 220
Thatcher, Margaret, 9
Theatres (Creeley and Johnson), 81
Theory and Practice of Creole Grammar, The (Thomas), 111–12
Theory of the Avant-Garde, The (Poggioli), 13–14
Third World Poems (Brathwaite), 129
“13 vessels” (Olson), 29–30
“This Be The Verse” (Larkin), 6
This Bridge Called My Back (Moraga and Anzaldúa, eds.), 164, 166
Thomas, John Jacob, 111–12
Time’s Power (Rich), 183
“To Define” (Creeley), 267n15
Toronto Research Group (TRG): about, 25
and appropriation, 250–3
and Barreto-Rivera, 205
and collaboration, 205, 214–19
and community, 214–19
and digital poetries, 206
and Eternal Network, 22, 173, 210–11, 255, 257–9, 298n54
and experimental poetry, 203–6
and Fluxus, 11, 25, 200, 203, 234, 253
and Higgins, 11, 25, 203, 205, 209, 211–12, 220, 243
and institutes, 212
and intermedial texts, 205
manifesto of, 202, 212–13, 220, 289n4
and Marxism, 218
and nationalism, 209, 234, 290–1n8
and pataphysics, 204, 211–12, 219, 224, 289–90n8, 291n19
Rational Geomancy, 24, 205, 213–26, 235, 240, 246–9, 293nn29–32, 294n34, 296n46
and translation, 205, 235, 296n46
and UbuWeb, 257
and visual poetry, 11, 200, 203, 211. See also Four Horsemen; McCaffery, Steve; Nichol, bp
To Stay Alive (Levertov), 21, 89, 92–4, 100, 193, 274–5n60
Toussaint L’Ouverture, François-Dominique, 129–31, 137–8, 140, 143, 259
“Towards a Revolution in the Arts” (Maxwell), 158
Tradition, The Writer, and Society (Edwards), 111
Translating Translating Apollinaire (Nichol), 203, 295n42
“Translation of Sir Philip Sidney’s Sonnet XXXI from ‘Astrophel and Stella,’ A” (McCaffery), 247–9
TRG. See Toronto Research Group (TRG)
Tribunals (Duncan), 98
Trocchi, Alexander, 273n52
Trotsky, Leon, 275n62
Trudeau, Pierre, 207
Truhlar, Richard, 203
Truth, Sojourner, 195
Tubman, Harriet, 195
Turncoats, Traitors, and Fellow Travellers (Redding), 262n8
Twenty Years at Hull House (Addams), 195
“Tyranny of Structurelessness, The” (Freeman), 172
UbuWeb, 257
Umansky, Lauri, 177
Unavowable Community, The (Blanchot), 261–2n4
Unfortunates, The, 222
“Unposted Correspondence” (McCaffery), 240
Vendler, Helen, 4
Verlaine, Paul, 89
Visser’t Hooft, Martha, 81
Voice of Youth, 107
“Voices from Six Tapestries” (Morgan), 194
Von Hallberg, Robert, 31, 272n42
Wainhouse, Austryn, 273n52
Walcott, Derek, 106, 121, 122, 276n11
Waldrop, Rosemarie, 44, 45, 266n11
“Walk by the Charles, A” (Rich), 192
Walmsley, Anne: on Brathwaite, 106
and New World Group, 158, 283n59
Watten, Barrett, 24
Weiner, Norbert, 48
Weiners, John, 77
Welch, Chuck, 210
“Welder, The” (Moraga), 169
Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 195
Wershler (-Henry), Darren, 204, 253, 297–8n53
West Indian Student Centre (WISC), 104, 108–10, 122, 163, 279n39
“When We Dead Awaken” (Rich), 183
Where Are We Going? and What Are We Doing? (Cage), 269n28
Whip, The (Creeley), 80
Whitehead, Alfred North, 46, 48, 62, 266n11
“white paintings” (Rauschenberg), 57
White, Sarah, 104, 109, 111, 114
Whitman, Walt, 89
Wienrib, David, 57
Wild Patience Has Taken Me This Far, A (Rich), 21, 194
Williams, Aubrey, 104, 109, 118, 144
Williams, Cornelia, 61, 62, 64
Williams, Jonathan, 28, 35, 61, 77, 266n6
Williams, Raymond, 3, 15, 18–19, 31, 39, 69, 256
Will to Change, A (Rich), 192–3
“Wind, The” (Creeley), 77
Window (Creeley and Hooft), 81
WITCH: goals of, 175
mistakes of, 177
“Mother’s Day Incantation” (WITCH), 177
and New Left, 176
organization and structure of, 175–6
“Pass the Word, Sister” (WITCH), 177–8, 181–2
and performance art, 179
protest actions of, 175–7. See also Women’s Liberation Movement (WLM)
WLM. See Women’s Liberation Movement (WLM)
“Woman Is Talking to Death, A” (Grahn), 185
Woman’s Place, A, 166
Women: A Journal of Liberation, 163
Women of the Left Bank (Benstock), 15
Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH). See WITCH
Women’s Liberation Movement (WLM): about, 25
and BMC, 100
and class struggle, 166–7
and community, 168
and consciousness raising, 172–4, 188–90, 192–3, 256
and cultural feminism, 178–9
and dislocation, 163–5
and Grahn, 197
and lyric writing, 194
and Marxism, 167–70
as movement, 17
and New Left, 256
The New Woman’s Survival Sourcebook, 7, 164, 189–90
and philosophies of difference, 167–8, 171, 200, 285n6
and poetry, 162–4, 193–4, 285n6
and structurelessness, 11
and universality, 200. See also WITCH
Women’s Press Collective, 163, 166
Woodman, Martha, 214
Word Rain (Gins), 222
Wordsworth, Dorothy, 216
Wordsworth, William, 188, 215, 216, 233, 291–2n22
Workers Under Neo-Capitalism (Mandel), 285n9
Work of a Common Woman, The (Grahn), 171, 185
World Split Open, The, 164
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 265
Writing in Cuba Since the Revolution (Salkey, ed.), 147, 149, 151
X/Self (Brathwaite), 129, 130, 141
“X/Self xth letter,” 125–6
Young, Karl, 203
Young, La Monte, 295n39
Zdanevich, Ilia Mikhailovich. See Iliazd
Žižek, Slavoj, 25, 170, 183, 252, 289n30
“Zone” (Apollinaire), 295n42