All page numbers refer to the print edition of Innovative State. Please use the search feature on your reader to locate the text that corresponds to the index entries below.
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), 34
Advisory Board Company, 37–40, 183, 184, 247
Advisory Board Ventures, 39
Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce, 130
Aetna, 25, 103, 104
Affordable Care Act, 85, 147, 149, 181, 235–37
Aggarwal, Reggie, 39
Agriculture, Department of, 93
Air Commerce Act of 1926, 130
Alcoa, 200–201
Amazon.com, 78–80
America COMPETES Act, 135, 171, 176, 182
America Invents Act, 69
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act), 60, 65, 98, 140
Apple, 80, 94, 104
application programming interface (API), 22, 81
Apps Against Abuse, 192
Apps Against Abuse Challenge, 193–94
Apps for America contest, 216
Apps for Energy contest, 145
Apps for Healthy Kids, 190, 191
Army, U.S., 2. See also military-industrial complex
manufacturing, 2
Arnold, George, 139
“arsenal system,” 2
Articles of Confederation, 25
associative state, Herbert Hoover’s vision of an, 129
asthma, 108–10
Asthmapolis, 110
Augustine, Dave, 111, 113
Augustine, Norm, 166
Austin, Karen, 141–46
Auto Blue Button Initiative, 159
Avatar Capital, 39–40
aviation, 128–30, 168–70
Baden, Tom, 186–87
balanced-budget amendment, 9
Barbis, Dante, 177
Beckers, Fabien, 213–14
Berwick, Don, 101
Betamax vs. VHS, 124
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 35, 36
Beth Israel Hospital, 35
Bezos, Jeff, 78, 79
Biden, Joseph, 192
Big Data, 70, 71
births, preterm, 54–55, 148
Blacksburg, Virginia, 81–82
Blair House meeting, 67–70
BlightStatus, 224–30
Blue Button, 24, 140, 152–53, 158–59, 183–85
Blue Button Mash Up Challenge, 184–85
Board of Medical Assistance Services, 40
Bon Jovi, Jon, 104–5
Bradley, Bill, 32
Bradley, David, 39
Bridging the Gap, 52
Brown, Bruce, 74, 76
Burbach, Bob, 111–13
bureaucracy, 13–14
problems with centralized, 12–13
Bush, George H. W., 11
Bush, George W., 22
Business One Stop, 43, 44
C-DOT (Centre for Development of Telematics), 30
California Proposition 13, 9
California Public Utilities Commission, 141–42
Cantor, Eric, 233–34
CareWeb, 35–36
Carpenter, Andrew, 111, 113
Center for American Progress, 149
Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation, 149
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 54, 104, 107–9
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), 99, 147, 149, 187, 238
Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT), 30
Challenge.gov, 23, 196
challenges and prizes, xii, 88, 168–91, 196, 197, 238
Chesbrough, Henry
Aneesh Chopra and, 72
on force multiplier element, 80
on government’s role in economy, 86–87
music industry and, 83, 84
Chiglinsky, Brian, 52
Chopra, Ram, 27
Chu, Steven, 136–37, 172
Circle of 6, 193–95
Cisco, 68
Civic Insight, 230. See also BlightStatus
civic participation, initiative to stimulate, 63–64
Civil War, viii, 2, 163–65, 195
CleanWeb Hackathon, 144
Clinton, Bill, 16, 17, 107
Clorox, 75
Code Enforcement Housing Data, 230
Code for America, 219, 220, 222–25, 227, 230–31
collaborative product development, 75–77. See also open innovation
Commerce Department, 91, 127, 131, 132
Competitiveness, Council on, 131, 132
computer software. See software
computers for students, 52–53
computing, high performance, 131–32
Congressional Future Caucus, 243
Connect + Develop program, 77
Connect My Data, 145
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), 206–8
Consumer Protection and Safety Commission, 63
corporate culture, change in, 74
Corr, Bill, 98
Critical Juncture, 114, 115
crowdsourcing, 63
Darman, Richard, 12
data. See Big Data; government data; open data
Data.gov, 62–64, 112, 118, 119, 216
Datapalooza. See Health Datapalooza
dating violence prevention, 192–95
decoupling, 141
Deepwater Horizon oil spill, 172–73
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 168–69, 178, 179, 196–97
Defense Department, 133–34, 152, 161, 176–78, 200
Defense Navigation Satellite System (DNSS), 106–7
Democratic Leadership Council (DLC), 15–16
Department of Homeland Security (DHS). See Homeland Security, Department of
Development Innovation Ventures, 204
Dialogue on Open Government, 115–16
Diamandis, Peter, 169–73
Dickson, Christie, 23
digital economy. See Internet economy
digital industrial commons, 134
Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation (DMDI), 134
Diplomas Now (DN), 204
Direct Project, 154–58
disc storage formats, 124–25
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, 206, 207
Drake, Chuck, 52–53
Drucker, Peter, 14
DVDs, 124–25
e-commerce, 80, 141, 204, 237, 238
e-governance, 117
e-government, 22. See also Government 2.0
e-government fund, 22
Eastman Kodak, 46–47
Edison, Thomas A., 136
education, 48–53
Education Data Initiative, 121
electrification and standardization, 126–27, 136–37
electronic health records, 153, 154. See also Blue Button; health information technology
financial savings from, 148
George W. Bush and, 150, 153, 180
health Internet and, 85
HITECH Act and, 98, 147, 181
hospitals and, 35–36, 152, 180–81
John Halamka and, 35–36, 38–39, 43, 150
Mitch Kapor and, 84
Obama and, 147
Electronic Health Records Task Force, 40
Ely Lilly, 68
Emblidge, Mark, 48–51
employment for veterans, 159–62
empowerment, 12
phases of, 118
end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 210–11
Energy, Department of, 136, 139
energy consumption and efficiency, 135–46
Energy Data Initiative, 120–21
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), 136
Entrepreneurs in Residence (EIR), 209, 211–12, 214
Entrepreneurship Pathways web portal, 212–13
Equal Pay Act of 1963, 189
equal pay for equal work, 188–89
Expo on Democracy and Open Government, 116
F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, 165
Facebook, 80–82
Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (Obama-Coburn), 59, 60
Federal Health Information Technology Strategic Plan, 185
Federal Register, 112–14
Federal Register Act of 1935, 112
Feld, Brad, 211–13
Fogarty, Thomas, 210
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 99, 209–11, 214
force multipliers, 80, 81, 86, 87
Founding Fathers of the United States, 3, 25
Framers of the Constitution, 3
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 97
Fridsma, Doug, 153–54
Fusion Tables, 102
Gandhi, Rajiv, 31
Garcia, Victor, 178–80
Garfield, James
assassination of, 5
GED On Demand, 49–50
GED programs, 49–51
Genachowski, Julius, 57–58
gender pay gap, 188–89
Ghaffar, Aamer, 183
Glad, 75
Global Positioning System (GPS), 106, 107, 109–10, 194
Goel, Anita, 172
Gore, Al, 16–22
government
data collection, 96–106
innovation in, 26. See also specific topics
role of, 7, 86–87
use of technology in, 237
Government 2.0 (Gov 2.0), 155, 220
“government as a platform,” 240
government data. See also Data.gov; specific topics
publication of, 62–64. See also open government
“government of clerks,” 6
government organizations, 6–7. See also specific organizations
Grace, J. Peter, 10
Grace Commission, 10
Grand Challenges, 196–97
Great Baltimore Fire, 123, 124, 127
Great Recession. See recession, late-2000s
Green Button, 140–46
Green Button Connect My Data, 145
green field opportunity, 209
guns, 2
Halamka, John, 36, 38, 43, 151, 158
CareWeb and, 35–36
electronic health records and, 35–36, 39, 43, 150
Health IT Standards Committee and, 150–51
Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel and, 150
HITECH Act and, 150
New England Healthcare EDI Network and, 38–39
overview, 35
Hamburg, Peggy, 210
Harrison, John, 167
Hart-Celler Act (Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965), 27
Hawkins, William, 210
Health and Human Services (HHS), Department of, 61, 98, 119, 150, 236–38, 240. See also Health IT
health data provided by, 98–99, 101, 102, 119, 183
Health Datapalooza and, 101–6
Health Guide Challenge and, 183
Healthcare.gov and, 241
Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) and, 180, 182, 183
One in a Million Hearts Challenge and, 182–83
Todd Park and, 86, 98–100, 235. See also Park, Todd
Health 2.0 Blue Button Developer Challenge, 184
health care, 24, 32, 235–41
Productivity Investment Fund (PIF) and, 53–56
health care costs, 109
health care reform, 84, 85, 147
health data collection, 98–110. See also electronic health records
Health Data Initiative, 86, 100–101
Health Datapalooza, 101–6
health information technology (IT), 84, 148–49, 157–59, 185. See also Blue Button; electronic health records; Health IT
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act), 98, 147, 150, 151, 181
Health Information Technology Platform symposium, 84
health insurance, 24–25, 103, 104, 152–53
Health Insurance and Portability Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), 153
health Internet, 85–86, 151
health IT. See health information technology
Health IT, Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) for, 153, 180–83
Health IT Standards Committee (HITSC), 150–51, 153
Health 2.0 LLC, 182
health plans, 39, 237
health records. See electronic health records
Healthagen, 103–4, 106
Healthcare.gov, 235–37, 240–41
Henry, Joseph, 90
HeroJobs.org, 162
high performance computing (HPC), 131–32
High Performance Computing initiative, 132
Hirschman, Albert, 47
HITECH Act, 98, 147, 150, 151, 181
Hollerith, Herman, 96
Homeland Security, Department of, 22–23, 176–77
Hoover, Herbert C., 129–31
Horton, Willie, 11
hospitals
electronic health records and, 35–36, 152, 180–81
mergers, 35, 36
Huang, Eugene, 206, 207
Hudson Valley Community College, 65–66
Humetrix, 184–85
iBlueButton, 184–85
IBM (International Business Machines), 96–97
immigration. See Hart-Celler Act (Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965); United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
impatient convening (open innovation tool), 88
incentive auctions, 70
India, 27–31, 115–19, 204
infrastructure investment and, 116–17
industrialization, 2–4
Information Diet, The (Johnson), 216–17
information infarction, 13–14
information technology (IT) revolution, 21. See also health information technology
initial public offerings (IPOs), 69
InnoCentive, 173, 177
innovation, 69–70. See also specific topics
as fourth phase of empowerment, 118
innovation economy, 66
Institute of Medicine, 100
interchangeable parts, 2
interest groups, 13
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 21
Internet, 21, 41, 73, 84–85. See also specific topics
and citizen-government relations, 41
health Internet, 85–86
origins, 34
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), 85
Internet economy, 39, 66, 69, 81, 82, 84
Interstate Commerce Commission, 5
Investing in Innovation, 204
Iora Health, 241
Jackson, Michael, 184
Jaquith, Waldo, 111
Jeco Plastics, 133
Jefferson, Thomas, 88–90
job creation, middle-class, 121
JOBS Act of 2012, 69
jobs for veterans, 159–62
Johnson, Clay, 216–17, 219
Johnson, Lyndon B., 97
Joint Committee of Technology and Science (JCOTS), 42
Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act of 2012, 69
Kaine, Tim, 41–43, 47, 50, 57
Kalil, Tom, 167–69, 196–97
Kamarck, Elaine C., 12, 17–19, 21, 22
Kamen, Dean, 209, 210
Kapor, Mitch, 84–85, 151
Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, 34, 38
Kenny, David, 93–96
kidney disease. See end-stage renal disease
Koch, Rachel, 189
Kodak, 46–47
Korean Air Lines Flight 007, 107
Krieger, Mike, 120
Kundra, Vivek, 60, 62–64, 118
Kuttner, Oliver, 191, 192
Lafley, A. G., 74–75
Latka, Nathan, 82
Lawson, Jeff, 161
Leafully, 145
Lean Startup, The (Ries), 206
Lean Startup Conference, 234
lean (government) startups, 205, 217
Alex Pandel and, 229
Entrepreneurs in Residence (EIR) program and, 209
Eric Ries and, 205–11, 214, 215, 221, 234, 235
Healthcare.gov and, 235–36
Jen Pahlka and, 219, 221, 231
Todd Park and, 214, 216
White House Fellows program and, 214
Lebanon, Virginia, 50
Levin, Peter, 151, 152
Levine, Deb, 193
Lewis and Clark Expedition, 90
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, 189
Lincoln, Abraham, 163–65
Lindbergh, Charles, 169–70
LinkedIn, 162
Local Motors, 179–80
Longitude, Board of, 167–68
Longitude Act of 1714, 167
Los Alamos National Laboratory, 76–77
mail delivery, 1
Malec, Arien, 153–57
management, 46
Managing Information as an Asset, 121
manufacturing, 132–34. See also industrialization; specific topics
Martell-DeMarchant, Laquitta, 189, 190
McDonnell, Bob, 51, 53, 55
measurement standards, 125, 126
mechanization, 2
Medicaid, 55, 56, 99, 147, 149, 187, 238
Medical Assistance Services, Board of, 40
medical records system. See electronic health records
Medicare, 99, 147, 149, 187, 238
Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act (MCCA), 32
Medicare Part B National Summary data file, 99
Melon.com, 145
Mere Gao Power, 204
meteorology. See weather data collection and forecasting
military-industrial complex, 2, 7, 166, 176–77, 198–201. See also Civil War
Molko, Joseph, 33
Morgan Stanley, 33–34
Morris, Tom, 52
Moss, John, 97
Mostashari, Farzad, 180–82, 184, 185
Mullen, Ed, 236
music industry, 83–84
Najmi, Sheba, 223
Nation at Risk, A, 8
National Academy of Sciences (NAS), 164
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), 128–30
National Building Museum (Pension Building), 2Pension Building
National Bureau of Standards (NBS), 127, 130, 135
National Digital Engineering and Manufacturing Consortium (NDEMC), 132–34
National Economic Council, 65
National Fire Protection Association, 127
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 126, 127, 135, 136, 139, 140
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 91–92, 94
National Partnership for Reinventing Government. See reinventing government
National Performance Review
goal, 20
principles guiding, 18–19
National Weather Service (NWS), 91–92, 94
National Weather Service Organic Act of 1890, 91
National Wireless Initiative, 70
navigation systems, 106–7, 167–68. See also Global Positioning System
Navy, U.S., 163
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), 54–55
Netscape Corporation, 34
Network of South Asian Professionals, 37
Nevada Health Co-Op, 241
Nevada Health Link, 241
New Covenant, 16. See also reinventing government
New Deal, 5–6, 10, 12–13
New Democrats, 15–16
New England Deaconess Hospital, 35
New England Healthcare EDI Network (NEHEN), 38–39
New Orleans, 224–30
New Paradigm Society, 12, 15, 17
9/11 terrorist attacks, 22
Noveck, Beth, 63
Obama, Barack, xi, 23, 66, 87, 152, 188, 208. See also Strategy for American Innovation
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and, 60
Aneesh Chopra and, 76
Bruce Brown and, 76
campaigns and elections, 57–58, 203
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and, 206
Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation (DMDI) Institute and, 134
and employment for veterans, 159–61
energy consumption and, 137
on equal pay for equal work, 188–89
Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act and, 59
on federal government, 67, 203
India and, 116
Middle Class Jobs & Opportunity Tour, 121
open government and, 61, 65, 84, 121, 233
Race to the Top proposal, 146
Recovery Act and, 60, 140
Recovery.org and, 59–60
on smart grid, 146
speeches, 57, 59, 67, 115, 146, 164, 195, 196, 203
Todd Park and, 214
Veterans Job Bank and, 160
Victor Garcia and, 179
Obama-Coburn Transparency Act. See Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006
Office of Management and Budget, 61, 171
Office of Standard Weights and Measures, 125
Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) for Health IT, 153, 157, 180–83
oligarchism, 13
Olsonism, 13
on-demand manufacturing tools, 77
on-demand software, 44
One Economy, 204
One in a Million Hearts Challenge, 182–83
open data, 87–88, 96, 105, 111, 119. See also specific topics
Bob Burbach on, 115
Clay Johnson and, 219
David Kenny and, 93, 94
Obama and, 121
outside American boundaries, 115–16
purpose, 121
research on, 242–43
Todd Park and, 103, 122, 214
Open Data initiatives, 242
open data policy, 93, 121
open government, 116, 117, 227, 241–42
Aneesh Chopra’s contributions to the advancement of, 233–34
Clay Johnson and, 219
GPS and, 106
jobs and, 121
Mike Krieger and, 120
nature of, 242
Obama and, 61, 65, 84, 121, 233
open government approach utilized for health IT standards, 157
Open Government Dialogue, 63. See also U.S.-India Open Government Dialogue
Open Government Directive, 61, 64, 99
open government initiatives, 62–64. See also specific initiatives
open government innovation movement, 245
open government innovators, 246–47
Open Government Partnership (OGP), 119, 242
Open Government partnership, U.S.-India, 118
open government web page, 99
open innovation, 98, 120, 180, 188, 230, 231, 243, 247
contrasted with earlier management innovations, 83
Henry Chesbrough and, 72–74, 77, 80, 83, 84, 86–87
as “mother of all services,” 86
origin, 73
origins of private sector’s use of, 72–88
Open Innovator’s Toolkit, 87–88
Open Services Innovation (Chesbrough), 83
O’Reilly, Tim, 61, 100–101
organizational culture, change in, 74
Orteig, Raymond, 169–70
Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), 141, 145
Pahlka, Jen, 219–26, 229–31
Pandel, Alex, 225, 227–30
Park, Todd, 101–4, 106, 121–22, 151
Department of Health and Human Services, 86, 98–100, 235
Green Button Connect My Data and, 145
Lean Startup Conference and, 234
lean startups and, 214, 216
Obama and, 214
open data and, 103, 122, 214
Veterans Affairs and, 152
Parkinson’s law, 13
patent reform, 68–69
Patient Engagement Blue Button Challenge, 183–84
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 85, 147, 149, 181, 235–37
Patton, George S., 198–99
Paycheck Fairness Act, 189
Pension Building (National Building Museum), 2
pension program for veterans, 2
Peter Principle/Peterism, 13
Pinkerton, Jim, 11–17
Pitroda, Sam, 28–31, 36–38, 43, 116–20
PluggedInVA (PIVA), 48–49, 51–52
Postal Service, U.S., 1–2
Powers, James, 97
Powers Tabulating Machine Company, 97
Presidential Innovation Fellows program, 214, 217, 219, 231, 234
President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), 70
President’s Council on Jobs and Competitiveness, 80
President’s Private Sector Survey on Cost Control, The, 10
President’s Strategy for American Innovation, 171
preterm births, 54–55, 148
private and public sectors, 18, 72, 165–67, 199, 238
prizes. See challenges and prizes
Proctor & Gamble (P&G), 74–77
Productivity Investment Fund (PIF), 48–49, 51–56
Progressive Insurance Automotive X PRIZE competition, 190
progressive movement of late-19th and early-20th centuries, 5–6
Proposition 13, 9
Putting People First (Clinton and Gore), 17
Race to the GED, 49
Reagan, Ronald, 10, 12
Reavis-Bey, Amir, 225, 228–29
recession, late-2000s, 59, 66
recession of 1982, 15
Recovery Act, 60, 65, 98, 140. See also HITECH Act
Recovery.gov, 59–60, 217
reinventing government, 16
Reinventing Government (REGO), 19, 21, 22, 58
RelayHealth, 153, 156–57
Remington Rand, 97
request for proposal (RFP) process, 214, 217. See also RFP-EZ
research and development (R&D), 2, 57, 70
RFP-EZ, 214, 217–19
Rheuban, Karen, 53–55
Richmond Sunlight, 111
Ries, Eric, 205–11, 214, 215, 221, 234, 235
Right to Information Act (India), 116
Riley, Jason, 143
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 6, 199
Safety Data Initiative, 121
San Diego Gas & Electric, 141, 142, 144
Sandberg, Sheryl, 80–81
Sapiro, Miriam, 135
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 69
Satellite Transmission and Receiving System (STARS), 93
SAVE Award, 23
Sawhney, Roger, 40
Schema.org, 160, 161
Schmidt, Wendy, 172
Schwartzman, Nancy, 192–95
Scilly naval disaster, 167
search engines and government websites, 41–42
Secretary of Technology, 41
Securing Americans Value and Efficiency (SAVE) Award, 23
September 11, 2001 attacks, 22
sexual assault prevention, 192–95
Sherman Antitrust Act, 5
Shriver, Sargent, 202
Simple Energy, 144
smart grid, 137–40
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel, 139–40
smart meters, 139
smarter government movement, 43
Sobel, Dava, 167
social programs, 9. See also New Deal
software, 22, 50, 73
software as a service, 44
Solis, Hilda, 188–89
South Carolina model, 43, 44
Southern Technology Council, 40
SOW Composer, 218
spacecrafts, 168–70
SpaceShipOne (SS1), 170
spending transparency, 60
Spradlin, Dwayne, 173–78
SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device), 177
Standards, Bureau of. See National Bureau of Standards
standards development and application, 125–34
startup companies, 69. See also lean (government) startups
defined, 205
startup visa, 211
statement of work (SOW), 218
stimulus package, 59
Strategy for American Innovation, 65, 197
Stumble Safely, 62
Sunlight Foundation, 114, 115
Sunlight Labs, 111, 216
Sunstein, Cass, 135
supercomputer. See high performance computing
superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), 177
supply-chain management, 73
Symcat, 104
systems analysis, 73
Tabulating Machine Company, 96–97
talent, attracting, 88
taxation, 9, 10, 21
Technology, Innovation and Government Reform (TIGR), 58, 60
Technology and Science, Joint Committee of, 42
technology gap between private and public sectors, closing the, 238
TechPad, 82
Tejeda, Eddie, 225–27, 229–30
telegraph, 2
telemedicine, 53–54
TopCoder, 187
Toyota, 79
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), 209, 211–14
University of Virginia Health System, 54–55
UnPlugStuff, 145–46
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). See Agriculture, Department of
U.S.-India Open Government Dialogue, 115–16
U.S.-India Open Government partnership, 118
utilities, 137–46
VA Medical Appointment Scheduling Contest, 23–24
VA Medical Scheduling Contest, 23–24, 186
Van Sickle, David, 107–10
Vehicle Stopper challenge, 177
Vehicle Technologies Program, 190
VELObill, 145
veterans, employment for, 159–62
Veterans Affairs (VA), Department of, 23–24, 152, 161, 185, 186
Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture (VISTA) system, 24
Veterans Job Bank, 160–61
VetNet, 162
videoconferencing in health care, 53–54
videotape format war, 124
Virginia, 41–47
as Best Managed State, 41, 44–45
Blacksburg, 81–82
education in, 48–53
health care in, 53–56
Virginia Model, 57, 58. See also Virginia
Virginia Performs, 47–49
Wales, Serena, 225
Warren, Elizabeth, 206, 207
Washington, George, 25
weapons, 2, 165, 198–99. See also Civil War
Weather Bureau, U.S., 91–92
Weather Channel, The, 92–95
weather data collection and forecasting, 89–96
Weather.com, 93–94
WebMD, 104
Webster, Tony, 161–62
Welsh, Brian, 31
Western Expansion, 3
White House, 64
White House Forum for Modernizing Government, 67
White House Strategy for a 21st Century Grid, 138
World War I, 198, 200
World War II, 6, 198–201
World Wide Web, 21
Wright brothers, 128
X PRIZE, 170, 171, 190
X PRIZE Foundation, 171, 172, 196
Zeiger, Roni, 102