Introduction: Gateshead
1 J. B. Priestley, English Journey, Penguin Books, London, reissue 1977, originally published 1934
2 Sebastian Payne, ‘Seb Payne’s schooldays’, Spectator, 14 May 2015, https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/seb-payne-s-schooldays [accessed 19 March 2021]
3 ‘Revised estimates of leave vote in Westminster constituencies’, https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1wTK5dV2_YjCMsUYlwg0l48uWWf44sKgG8uFVMv5OWlA/edit [accessed 20 March 2021]
4 Peter Moore, ‘How Britain voted at the EU referendum’, YouGov, 27 June 2018, https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2016/06/27/how-britain-voted [accessed 20 March 2021]
5 ‘YouGov/The Times/Sky Survey Results’, https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/df8cjzcpgw/TheTimes_Sky_VI_191106_w.pdf [accessed 20 March 2021]
6 ‘Survation Final General Election 2019 Poll Results’, Survation, 11 December 2019, https://www.survation.com/final-general-election-2019-poll-results-a-preview/ [accessed 20 March 2021]
7 ‘ICM Voting Intentions - General Election 2019: Poll 6’, ICM Unlimited, 6 December 2019, https://www.icmunlimited.com/our-work/icm-voting-intentions-general-election-2019-poll-6/ [accessed 21 March 2021]
8 Conservatives, ‘End the argument. Get Brexit done. Vote Conservative.’, YouTube, 7 December 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPjkTCQh3RM [accessed 21 March 2021]
9 Sarah Provan et al, ‘London terror attack: man shot dead by police after stabbing — as it happened’, Financial Times, 29 November 2019, https://www.ft.com/content/421bb4a8-5b84-3882-a1a2-0ef4216e5251 [accessed 22 March 2021]
10 Rob Merrick, ‘London Bridge attack: Jeremy Corbyn says terrorists can be released early if they have been “rehabilitated”’, Independent, 1 December 2019, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/london-bridge-attack-jeremy-corbyn-terrorist-release-boris-johnson-stabbing-a9227971.html [accessed 22 March 2021]
11 ‘Corbyn: I’m “seven out of 10” on EU’, BBC News, 11 June 2016, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36506163 [accessed 22 March 2021]
12 Alain Tolhurst, ‘Jeremy Corbyn “most unpopular opposition leader of past 45 years”, says poll’, PoliticsHome, 20 September 2019, https://www.politicshome.com/news/article/jeremy-corbyn-most-unpopular-opposition-leader-of-past-45-years-says-poll [accessed 22 March 2021]
1: Blyth Valley
1 ‘Hartley Colliery disaster remembered 150 years on’, BBC News, 15 January 2012, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-16494120 [accessed 23 March 2021]
2 ‘Blyth Market’, https://web.archive.org/web/20070201210208/http://blyth-market.com/ [accessed 23 March 2021]
3 ‘Alcan Lynemouth smelter: Landmark day as closure starts’, BBC News, 29 March 2012, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-17545827 [accessed 24 March 2021]
4 Edward Milne, ‘Port of Blyth’, Commons and Lords Hansard, the Official Report of debates in Parliament, 9 December 1963, https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1963/dec/09/port-of-blyth [accessed 23 March 2021]
5 Edward Milne, ‘Blyth Shipyard (Closure)’, Commons and Lords Hansard, the Official Report of debates in Parliament, 20 December 1966, https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1966/oct/20/blyth-shipyard-closure [accessed 24 March 2021]
6 Ben O’Connell, ‘Government confirms £34million for Northumberland Line - Rail Minister says he’s “lucky to be reopening train lines”’, Northumberland Gazette, 23 January 2021, https://www.northumberlandgazette.co.uk/news/politics/council/government-confirms-ps34million-northumberland-line-rail-minister-says-hes-lucky-be-reopening-train-lines-3110263 [accessed 24 March 2021]
7 Peter Campbell and Chris Tighe, ‘UK’s first gigafactory to provide £2.6bn boost for “red wall” town’, Financial Times, 11 December 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/010aabf1-9728-4171-8f39-f2cb4b2d6193 [accessed 24 March 2021]
8 Tony Henderson, ‘Gateshead National Garden Festival: 25 years since the event on Tyneside’, ChronicleLive, 13 May 2015, http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/gateshead-national-garden-festival-25-9240847 [accessed 24 March 2021]
9 ‘Britishvolt enters exclusive technology collaboration with Siemens UK’, Automotive World, 15 January 2021, https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/britishvolt-enters-exclusive-technology-collaboration-with-siemens-uk/ [accessed 24 March 2021]
2: North West Durham
1 ‘Which political party would be the best at handling defence and security?’, YouGov, https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/trackers/defence-and-security [accessed 24 March 2021]
2 ‘Jeremy Corbyn: “You can’t protect people on the cheap”’, BBC News, 4 June 2017, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-40154309/jeremy-corbyn-you-can-t-protect-people-on-the-cheap [accessed 24 March 2021]
3 Gavin Havery, ‘Eden Pit in Leadate [sic] closed 40 years ago on Saturday’, Northern Echo, 13 July 2020, https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/18578964.eden-pit-leadate-closed-40-years-ago-saturday/ [accessed 25 March 2021]
4 ‘Steel Towns – From Boom to Bust’, BBC http://www.bbc.co.uk/nationonfilm/topics/steel/background.shtml#:~:text=In%201980%20the%20death%20knell,the%20national%20average%20at%2015%25 [accessed 25 March 2021]
5 The genesis of Consett, Northern Echo, 12 March 2005, https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/6958789.genesis-consett/ [accessed 25 March 2021]
6 Ibid.
7 ‘Derwentside Directory 06/07’, Informnorth, http://www.informnorth.com/images/testimonials/directory.pdf [accessed 25 March 2021]
8 ‘In at the rebirth of forgotten town’, ChronicleLive, 13 September 2008 [updated 27 February 2013], https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/local-news/rebirth-forgotten-town-1474679 [accessed 25 March 2021]
9 Lanchester Wines, ‘Entrepreneur of the Year 2019 - Tony Cleary of Lanchester Group, YouTube, 26 September 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mJsPgcAdZ4 [accessed 26 March 2021]
10 Kelley Price, ‘KP Snacks to close Consett site: Third of staff could be redeployed to Billingham’, TeessideLive, 20 November 2014, https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/business/business-news/kp-snacks-close-consett-site-8139768 [accessed 26 March 2021]
11 Alain Tolhurst, ‘Jeremy Corbyn “most unpopular opposition leader of past 45 years”, says poll’, PoliticsHome, 20 September 2019, https://www.politicshome.com/news/article/jeremy-corbyn-most-unpopular-opposition-leader-of-past-45-years-says-poll [accessed 22 March 2021]
12 ‘Social Grade’, Market Research Society, https://www.mrs.org.uk/resources/social-grade [accessed 27 March 2021]
13 Judith Woods, ‘Alan Johnson: Blair told me, ‘Gosh, you really are working class, aren’t you?’, Telegraph, 4 May 2013, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10036814/Alan-Johnson-Blair-told-me-Gosh-you-really-are-working-class-arent-you.html [accessed 26 March 2021]
14 ‘“He couldn’t lead the working class out of a paper bag” - Alan Johnson launches fierce attack on Corbyn and Momentum’, ITV News, 13 December 2019, https://www.itv.com/news/2019-12-13/alan-johnson-momentum-jeremy-corbyn-itv-news [accessed 26 March 2021]
3: Sedgefield
1 Paul Stokes et al, ‘Bush (and 1,300 police) pop into Blair’s local for fish, chips and mushy peas’, Telegraph, 22 November 2003, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1447381/Bush-and-1300-police-pop-into-Blairs-local-for-fish-chips-and-mushy-peas.html [accessed 27 March 2021]
2 ‘Sedgefield Community College’, World Class Schools, https://www.worldclass-schools.org/our-schools/sedgefield-community-college/ [accessed 27 March 2021]
3 ‘Trimdon Colliery’, Durham Mining Museum, http://www.dmm.org.uk/colliery/t023.htm [accessed 27 March 2021]
4 Martin Wainwright, ‘Trimdon Labour Club falls victim to budget’, Guardian, 27 June 2010, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/jun/27/trimdon-labour-club-closes-down [accessed 28 March 2021]
5 ‘Election 2019: Sedgefield’, BBC News, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000915 [accessed 28 March 2021]
6 ‘Revised estimates of leave vote in Westminster constituencies’, https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1wTK5dV2_YjCMsUYlwg0l48uWWf44sKgG8uFVMv5OWlA/edit [accessed 20 March 2021]
7 Nick Gullon, ‘“I am for Labour not for Corbyn’ - Sedgefield election candidate’s bid to distance himself from party leader”, Northern Echo, 22 May 2017, https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/15300397.i-labour-not-corbyn---sedgefield-election-candidates-bid-distance-party-leader/ [accessed 28 March 2021]
8 ‘Trimdon Labour Club closed’, Northern Echo, 22 July 2010, https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/8286065.trimdon-labour-club-closed/ [accessed 29 March 2021]
9 Christian Dustmann et al., ‘The impact of EU enlargement on migration flow’, Home Office, 25 March 2003, https://www.ucl.ac.uk/~uctpb21/reports/HomeOffice25_03.pdf [accessed 29 March 2021]
10 Prof. John Salt, ‘Report of the United Kingdom SOPEMI Correspondent to the OECD, 2015’, University College London, https://www.geog.ucl.ac.uk/research/research-centres/migration-research-unit/pdfs/Sopemi_UK_2015.pdf [accessed 29 March 2021]
4: Wakefield
1 ‘More funding pledged for £35m Hepworth gallery’, Yorkshire Post, 29 July 2014, https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/more-funding-pledged-ps35m-hepworth-gallery-1837580 [accessed 30 March 2021]
2 Yorkshire Sculpture International, https://yorkshire-sculpture.org/about/ [accessed 30 March 2021]
3 BALTIC, https://baltic.art/about/baltic-history [accessed 30 March 2021]
4 ‘Council to discuss future support to the Hepworth Wakefield’, Wakefield Council, 23 July 2014, https://www.wakefield.gov.uk/Pages/News/PR4656.aspx [accessed 30 March 2021]
5 Yorkshire Sculpture Park, https://ysp.org.uk/about-ysp/heritage [accessed 31 March 2021]
6 Nick Frame, ‘Green light given to convert former campus near Yorkshire Sculpture Park into hotel’, Wakefield Express, 7 May 2020, https://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/people/green-light-given-convert-former-campus-near-yorkshire-sculpture-park-hotel-2845893 [accessed 31 March 2021]
7 Tom Ravenscroft, ‘Feilden Fowles unveils The Weston visitor centre at Yorkshire Sculpture Park’, Dezeen, 4 April 2019, https://www.dezeen.com/2019/04/04/yorkshire-sculpture-park-weston-visitor-centre-feilden-fowles/ [accessed 31 March 2021]
8 W.E. RAWSON LIMITED, D&B Business Directory, https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.werawson_limited.616b121798cbc88c974200450f7a2b09.html [accessed 1 April 2021]
9 John Gaunt, ‘Bringing Yorkshire’s disused mills back to life could create 27,000 homes - John Gaunt’, Yorkshire Post, 10 March 2020, https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/bringing-yorkshires-disused-mills-back-life-could-create-27000-homes-john-gaunt-2444883 [accessed 1 April 2021]
10 ‘Denby Grange Colliery’, Hansard 1803–2005, 2 July 1990 vol 175 cc832-40, https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1990/jul/02/denby-grange-colliery [accessed 1 April 2021]
11 South Elmsall & South Kirkby, Wakefield, http://www.halinaking.co.uk/Location/Yorkshire/Frames/Places/W%20Yorkshire/Wakefield/Wakefield.htm [accessed 1 April 2021]
12 Terry Macalister, ‘Selby closes with loss of 5,000 jobs’, Guardian, 16 July 2002, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/jul/16/globalrecession [accessed 2 April 2021]
13 ‘UK’s last deep coal mine Kellingley Colliery capped off’, BBC News, 14 March 2016, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-35803048 [accessed 2 April 2021]
14 ‘First Arrivals in Wakefield’, My Learning, https://www.mylearning.org/stories/the-story-of-the-pakistani-community-in-wakefield-west-yorkshire/1165 [accessed 2 April 2021]
15 Ibid
16 Patrick Wintour, ‘British barrister Karim Khan elected ICC’s new chief prosecutor’, Guardian, 12 February 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/feb/12/karim-khan-international-criminal-court-prosecutor [accessed 2 April 2021]
5: Don Valley
1 ‘Doncaster Sheffield voted the UK’s Best Airport by Which? Magazine three years in a row’, Doncaster Echo, 23 October 2019, https://www.doncasterecho.co.uk/doncaster-sheffield-voted-the-uks-best-airport-by-which-magazine-three-years-in-a-row/
2 ‘Amazon now employing more than 1,000 people in Doncaster’, Yorkshire Post, 4 December 2017, https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/amazon-now-employing-more-1000-people-doncaster-1766537
3 Chris Hanretty, ‘Most Labour MPs represent a constituency that voted Leave’, Medium, 30 June 2016, https://medium.com/@chrishanretty/most-labour-mps-represent-a-constituency-that-voted-leave-36f13210f5c6
4 ‘Church of St Lawrence, Station Road, Hatfield – Doncaster’, https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/heritage-at-risk/search-register/list-entry/16726
5 ‘History of Conisbrough Castle’, https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/conisbrough-castle/history/
6 ‘Samuel Smith Old Brewery’, https://www.samuelsmithsbrewery.co.uk/pubs/
7 ‘The “Blair babes”: Where are they now?’, BBC News, 8 May 2007, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4698222.stm
8 Helen Pidd, ‘“She has listened to us”: constituents back Labour rebel Caroline Flint’, Guardian, 20 October 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/oct/20/she-has-listened-to-us-constituents-back-labour-rebel-caroline-flint
9 George Torr, ‘Doncaster “very much in running for new hospital” says Prime Minister’ Doncaster Free Press, 17 March 2021, https://www.doncasterfreepress.co.uk/health/doncaster-very-much-in-running-for-new-hospital-says-prime-minister-3169167
10 Patrick Maguire, ‘Robert Kilroy-Silk: the godfather of Brexit’, New Statesman, 18 September 2019, https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/brexit/2019/09/robert-kilroy-silk-godfather-brexit
11 Boris Johnson, ‘Keep calm everyone – now is not the time to do a Nicolas Cage’, Daily Telegraph, 28 April 2013, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/UKIP/10024202/Keep-calm-everyone-now-is-notthe-time-to-do-a-Nicolas-Cage.html
12 Andrew Sparrow, ‘Labour delegates vote overwhelmingly for Brexit motion backing second referendum as option – as it happened’, Guardian, 25 September 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/live/2018/sep/25/labour-conference-brexit-debate-starmer-increasingly-likely-to-vote-down-mays-brexit-deal-starmer-says-politics-live?page=with:block-5baa2770e4b0a9b9706792e0#block-5baa2770e4b0a9b9706792e0
13 Caroline Wheeler and Gabriel Pogrund, ‘Starmer calls in Mandelson to inject a dose of New Labour’s “winning mentality”’, Sunday Times, 4 February 2021, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/starmer-calls-in-mandelson-to-inject-a-dose-of-new-labours-winning-mentality-wr0w25jpb
14 Malcolm Pithers, Keith Harper and Peter Hetherington, ‘From the archive, 6 March 1984: Colliery closure reversed in crisis coalfield’, Guardian, 6 March 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/the-northerner/2015/mar/06/miners-strike-1984-num-yorkshire-archive
6: Great Grimsby
1 Samira Shackle, ‘Fishing After Brexit: Grimsby Awaits a New Economic Reality’, CIGI, 19 June 2018, https://www.cigionline.org/articles/fishing-after-brexit-grimsby-awaits-new-economic-reality
2 Walker Mills, ‘The Cod Wars and Today: Lessons from an Almost War’, Center for International Maritime Security, 28 July 2020, https://cimsec.org/the-cod-wars-and-today-lessons-from-an-almost-war/
3 ‘Fishing for Leave Campaign Launched’, Fishing News, 15 May 2016, https://fishingnews.co.uk/news/fishing-for-leave/
4 Boris Johnson, 9 December 2019, https://twitter.com/borisjohnson/status/1203981568055947264?lang=en
5 ‘Tony Blair’s Speech in Full’, BBC News, 28 September 1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/460009.stm
6 https://www.rightmove.co.uk/house-prices/west-marsh-82274.html [accessed 22 April 2021]
7 Dawn Foster, ‘Interview with Melanie Onn’, Guardian, 26 July 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/jul/26/big-ambitions-tackle-housing-shortage-national-problem
8 Jim Pickard and Leslie Hook, ‘UK prepares to set out steeper climate targets’, Financial Times, 19 April 2021, https://www.ft.com/content/a8c749b1-35fe-4613-a9b8-45688177843c
9 Rob Norris, ‘More than 69,000 jobs and £60 billion private investment in UK offshore wind by 2026’, RenewableUK, 24 March 2021, https://www.renewableuk.com/news/557871/More-than-69000-jobs-and-60-billion-private-investment-in-UK-offshore-wind-by-2026.htm
10 Roger Harrabin, ‘Cumbria coal mine: What is the controversy about?’, BBC News, 1 March 2021, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/explainers-56023895
11 ‘MP changes name to Haddock’, BBC News, 1 October 2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2290283.stm
7: North East Derbyshire
1 Barratt Developments, 2018, https://viz.tools.investis.com/Barratt/flipbook/v2/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf [accessed 2 May 2021]
2 http://www.killamarsh.org/ [accessed 29th April 2021]
3 Jim Packard, ‘Party pollsters chase after Motorway Man’, Financial Times, 21 January 2021, https://www.ft.com/content/2c5b66b6-06c4-11df-b426-00144feabdc0
4 Bob Cooper, ‘General Election: Who is target voter Workington Man?’, BBC News, 30 October 2019, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-50239341
5 ‘The truth behind the Tories’ northern strongholds’, The Economist, 3 April 2021, https://www.economist.com/britain/2021/04/03/the-truth-behind-the-tories-northern-strongholds?giftId=056e96d9-d4f5-44d9-8cb3-f5545439d12e
6 Andrew Gimson, ‘How Macmillan built 300,000 houses a year’, Conservative Home, 17 October 2013, https://www.conservativehome.com/thetorydiary/2013/10/how-macmillan-built-300000-houses-a-year.html
7 Rajeev Syal, ‘Jeremy Corbyn vows to take on exploitative landlords if elected PM’, Guardian, 24 November 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/24/jeremy-corbyn-vows-to-take-on-exploitative-landlords-if-elected-pm
8 Harriet Agerholm, ‘Jeremy Corbyn was just 2,227 votes away from chance to be Prime Minister’, Independent, 9 June 2017, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/corbyn-election-results-votes-away-prime-minister-theresa-may-hung-parliament-a7782581.html
9 Nick Gullon, ‘I am for Labour not for Corbyn’ – Sedgefield election candidate’s bid to distance himself from party leader’, Northern Echo, 22 May 2017, https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/15300397.i-labour-not-corbyn---sedgefield-election-candidates-bid-distance-party-leader/
8: Coventry North West
1 Office for National Statistics, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2018 [accessed 2 May 2021]
2 Jennifer Harby, ‘The Coventry Blitz: “Hysteria, terror and neurosis”’, BBC News, 13 November 2015, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-coventry-warwickshire-34746691
3 Joshua Chaffin, “We need change’: why an old Labour city is looking right in UK election’, Financial Times, 6 June 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/de01a2ae-4609-11e7-8d27-59b4dd6296b8
4 ‘English Indices of Deprivation 2019 – Coventry summary report’, Coventry City Council, https://www.coventry.gov.uk/downloads/file/31860/english_indices_of_deprivation_2019_-_coventry_summary_report [accessed 1 May 2021]
5 ‘Populations and Demographics’, Coventry City Council, https://www.coventry.gov.uk/info/195/facts_about_coventry/2435/population_and_demographics/3 [accessed 3 May 2021]
6 Gerald Eve LLP, ‘Examination in Public of Coventry Local Plan: Hearing Statement in respect of Hearing Session 7 – Employment, On behalf of Jaguar Land Rover’, https://www.coventry.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/21763/lp220_jlr_hearing_statement_session_7.pdf [accessed 30 April 2021]
7 ‘Surprise in Coventry North West as members select Taiwo Owatemi’, LabourList, 3 November 2019, https://labourlist.org/2019/11/surprise-in-coventry-north-west-as-members-select-londoner/
8 Simon Heffer, Like the Roman: The Life of Enoch Powell (London: Faber and Faber, 1998)
9 Zubaida Haque, ‘The “BME” vote is up for grabs in the general election 2017 – who will capture it?’, New Stateman, 1 May 2017, https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/june2017/2017/05/bme-vote-grabs-general-election-2017-who-will-capture-it
10 ‘Runnymede Trust briefing: Ethnic minorities at the 2017 general election’, Equally Yours, 4 March 2019, https://www.equalyours.org.uk/runnymede-trust-briefing-ethnic-minorities-at-the-2017-general-election/
11 ‘Social background of Members of Parliament 1979–2019’, House of Commons Library, 27 March 2020, https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7483/
12 Sajid Javid, Twitter, 19 October 2018, https://twitter.com/sajidjavid/status/1053336915850739714?lang=en [accessed 2 May 2021]
9: Heywood and Middleton
1 Gregory Robinson and Helen Pidd, ‘How deprivation in the north has led to a health crisis’, Guardian, 25 February 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/feb/25/how-deprivation-in-the-north-has-led-to-a-health-crisis
2 Jennifer Williams, ‘Rochdale council bids to end Middleton Moonraker art confusion’, Manchester Evening News, 1 April 2011 [updated 11 January 2013], https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/local-news/rochdale-council-bids-to-end-middleton-857649
3 ‘Labour Market Profile – Heywood And Middleton Parliamentary Constituency’, Nomis, https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/wpca/1929380058/printable.aspx [accessed 5 May 2021]
4 Dominic Smithers, ‘Is now a good time to buy a home in north Manchester?’, Manchester Evening News, 9 April 2017, https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/property/north-manchester-now-good-place-12862438
5 ‘Heywood grows as Darnhill rises’, Manchester Evening News, 1 June 2005, https://archive.is/20130420231101/http://menmedia.co.uk/heywoodadvertiser/news/s/388016_heywood_grows_as_darnhill_rises
6 Hannah Al-Othman, ‘Lisa Nandy Saying “Towns” Has Become A Meme’, Buzzfeed News, 18 December 2019, https://www.buzzfeed.com/hannahalothman/lisa-nandy-towns-memes
7 ‘Leadership and Deputy Leadership election 2020 – Results’, Labour, https://labour.org.uk/people/leadership-elections-hub-2020/leadership-elections-2020-results/ [accessed 4 May 2021]
8 James Ashford, ‘What is the Northern Powerhouse?’, The Week, 27 August 2019, https://www.theweek.co.uk/102951/what-is-the-northern-powerhouse#:~:text=The%20Northern%20Powerhouse%20is%20the,can%20take%20on%20the%20world%E2%80%9D [accessed 1 May 2021]
9 ‘Local government Funding: Moving the conversation on’, Local Government Association, June 2018, https://www.local.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/5.40_01_Finance%20publication_WEB_0.pdf
1 Andy Phelps et al, ‘The Textile Mills of Lancashire: The Legacy’, Oxford Archaeology North, https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/textile-mills-lancashire-legacy/textile-mills-lancashire-legacy/
2 ‘Queen Street Mill’, Engineering Timelines, http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=957 [accessed 7 May 2021]
3 ‘Safran Nacelles in the United Kingdom’, Safran Narcelles, https://www.safran-nacelles.com/country/safran-nacelles-united-kingdom [accessed 7 May 2021]
4 ‘Velocity Composites’, Zoominfo, https://www.zoominfo.com/c/velocity-composites-plc/356916709 [accessed 7 May 2021]
5 ‘Burnley named most enterprising place in Britain’, Department for Business, Innovation & Skills, 27 August 2013, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/burnley-named-most-enterprising-place-in-britain
6 Paul Burnell, ‘Burnley riots: Town “moves on”’, BBC News, 23 June 2011, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lancashire-13889160
7 ‘Padiham Flood Risk Management Scheme’, The Flood Hub, https://thefloodhub.co.uk. [accessed 8 May 2021]
8 David Collins, ‘Boohoo warehouse was “a breeding ground for coronavirus”, said staff at distribution centre where 25 caught Covid-19’, Sunday Times, 12 July 2020, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/boohoo-warehouse-was-a-breeding-ground-for-coronavirus-said-staff-at-distribution-centre-where-25-caught-covid-19-j5jltklpl
9 ‘Labour Market Profile – Burnley’, Nomis, https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/1946157091/report.aspx?town=burnley#tabempunemp [accessed 6 May 2021]
10 ‘Labour will end “epidemic” of zero-hours contracts’, BBC News, 1 April 2015, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2015-32147715
11 Alan Milburn, ‘The government is unable to commit to the social mobility challenge’, Guardian, 2 December 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/dec/02/alan-milburn-government-not-comitted-to-social-mobility
12 Nathan Hyde, ‘Northern are finished with Pacers and now they could be bought by taxpayers’, LeedsLive, 12 December 2019, https://www.leeds-live.co.uk/news/leeds-news/northern-finished-pacers-now-could-17405200 [updated 16 December 2019]
13 ‘Burnley College’, Further Education Funding Council, October 1995, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4152944.pdf
14 ‘Todmorden Curve railway line opens for the first time in 40 years’, Global Railway Review, 18 May 2015, https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/news/23825/todmorden-curve-railway-line-opens-for-the-first-time-in-40-years/
15 Bill Jacobs, ‘Burnley’s Pioneer Place gets projected opening date as 120 jobs announced’, LancsLive, 14 February 2021, https://www.lancs.live/news/lancashire-news/burnleys-pioneer-place-gets-projected-19819322
Conclusion: Hartlepool and Westminster
1 Richy Horsley and Stephen Richards, Born to Fight, John Blake Publishing, London, 2005
2 Nick Duffy, ‘Boris Johnson says nobody “stuck up for the bankers as much as I did” when asked about “f**k business” jibe’, iNews, 22 June 2019, https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/boris-johnson-says-nobody-stuck-up-for-the-bankers-as-much-as-i-did-when-asked-about-fk-business-jibe-305412
3 Dan Bloom, ‘Labour MP, 26, demands end to “40 years of Thatcherism” in first speech attack’, Mirror, 15 January 2020, https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/labour-mp-26-demands-end-21286565
4 George Parker et al, ‘After the Pandemic: Sunak signals the UK’s return to fiscal conservatism’, Financial Times, 25 February 2021, https://www.ft.com/content/4e7a8fc1-f505-4545-9c2e-b9e9bcfc0aaa