PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
This section is a fully integrated discussion of the diagnosis and management of swallowing disorders that range from sequelae associated with life-threatening diseases, such as cerebrovascular accidents, neuromuscular disorders, and cardiopulmonary disorders, to the more insidious and benign, such as gastroesophageal reflux. The interpretation of objective swallowing tests is the basis for advising the patients of a treatment that is customized to each specific condition. Therefore, aspects of the functional tests of swallowing are reviewed in context with specific diseases and disorders. This section also addresses iatrogenic disorders caused by surgery, radiotherapy, or medications. Treatment protocols based on accurate testing and proper interpretation are emphasized. Each chapter recalls specific observations of the standard tests of swallowing when planning treatments.