Discrete Practice Questions

Consult your online resources for additional practice.

1. Each of the following is considered a part of a person’s self-concept EXCEPT:

   1. the past self.
   2. the ought self.
   3. the future self.
   4. self-schemata.

2. As a gender identity, androgyny is defined as:

   1. low femininity, low masculinity.
   2. high femininity, low masculinity.
   3. low femininity, high masculinity.
   4. high femininity, high masculinity.

3. A high school student struggles consistently with math and feels that no matter how hard he studies, he “just doesn’t get it.” Which of the following is the most likely short-term result with respect to his ability to do math?

   1. Low self-esteem
   2. Low self-efficacy
   3. Learned helplessness
   4. An external locus of control

4. A district attorney with an internal locus of control wins an important court trial. Which of the following best represents the lawyer’s attribution of the events?

   1. “I won because I made great arguments and had more experience than the defense.”
   2. “I won because the jury was on my side from the beginning and believed my arguments.”
   3. “I won because the defense did not adequately present their side of the case.”
   4. “I shouldn’t have won because I don’t deserve to be successful.”

5. A person keeps his desk extremely tidy and becomes very nervous whenever things are disorganized or out of place. In which of the following stages would a psychodynamic therapist say the man had become fixated?

   1. The oral stage
   2. The anal stage
   3. The phallic stage
   4. The genital stage

6. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which of the following would be the most important for a recent college graduate to accomplish?

   1. Figuring out what identities are most important to him or her
   2. Feeling like a contributing member of society
   3. Forming an intimate relationship with a significant other
   4. Finding a feeling of accomplishment in his or her life

7. Matt and Cati discuss the reasons why they avoid driving above the speed limit. Matt says that he wants to avoid a traffic fine, while Cati says that speeding is dangerous and, if everyone did it, there would be more accidents and people would get hurt. According to Kohlberg, which of the following describes the phases of moral reasoning demonstrated by Matt and Cati, respectively?

   1. Preconventional; conventional
   2. Preconventional; postconventional
   3. Conventional; preconventional
   4. Postconventional; conventional

8. A child finds that she cannot make an origami swan by herself, but is able to do so when observing and being assisted by an adult. This scenario is described in the ideas of which of the following theorists?

   1. Albert Bandura
   2. Alfred Adler
   3. B. F. Skinner
   4. Lev Vygotsky

9. Which of the following is a conclusion that can be made from research in role-taking and observational learning?

   1. Young children will only model actions performed by their parents.
   2. Celebrities and athletes are an adolescent’s most important role models.
   3. Children who role-take identities that are not gender typical are more likely to take on those roles later in life.
   4. A female child is more likely to model the behavior of another female than a male.

10. A man feels extremely guilty after having an extra-marital affair. According to the psychodynamic perspective, which of the following is responsible for this anxiety?

    1. The id
    2. The ego
    3. The superego
    4. The libido

11. A woman advances through the ranks of a company, eventually becoming the CEO. Which of the following Jungian archetypes reflects this woman’s drive to be successful within the company?

    1. The persona
    2. The anima
    3. The animus
    4. The shadow

12. Researchers discover that polymorphisms in the DRD2 gene can be associated with thrill-seeking behavior, and that individuals with certain forms of the gene are more likely to become extreme athletes and have more dangerous hobbies. Which of the following theories is supported by this discovery?

    1. The social cognitive perspective
    2. The behavioral perspective
    3. The biological perspective
    1. I only
    2. III only
    3. I and III only
    4. II and III only

13. An EMT sees himself as a bit of a rebel, but is highly sociable and is able to keep calm in an emergency. This person would likely score in the lower range of which of the following traits?

    1. Psychoticism
    2. Neuroticism
    3. Extraversion
    4. Conscientiousness

14. Stockholm syndrome is a phenomenon in which a victim of a kidnapping or hostage situation may begin to identify with or even feel affection for his or her captors. A psychoanalyst might explain Stockholm syndrome by citing which of the following defense mechanisms?

    1. Reaction formation
    2. Regression
    3. Projection
    4. Displacement

15. Having struggled for years through an economic recession, a young professional begins to buy lottery tickets every Friday. “If I won the lottery,” he reasons, “I’d finally have the life I’ve always wanted. All my stress would go away and I could live comfortably.” His thoughts regarding winning the lottery are most representative of:

    1. a cardinal trait.
    2. fictional finalism.
    3. functional autonomy.
    4. unconditional positive regard.