Appendix A: English IPA Symbols
Consonants
When two symbols are listed within a table cell, the sound on the left is voiceless and the sound on the right is voiced.
Additional sounds: 
as in church and 
as in judge are affricates.
Vowels
Sounds toward the center of the vowel space (ɪ, ɛ, æ, ə, ʌ, ʊ, ɔ) are lax, while sounds at the outer edges (i, e, u, o, a) are tense.
Additional sounds: aɪ (alternately aj) as in hide, aʊ (alternately aw) as in house, and ɔɪ (alternately ɔj) as in boy are diphthongs.
Note: The sounds listed on this page correspond to the main phonemes found in Mainstream American English. Other dialects, including British English, African American English, Australian English, and others may have slightly different sounds. In particular, there may be variation in the vowels.
For interactive IPA charts, please visit these websites: http://