CONTENTS

PART I: AUTISM’S FIRST CHILD (1930s–1960s)

2 A Menace to Society

4 Wild Children and Holy Fools

5 Doubly Loved and Protected

6 Some Kind of Genius

PART II: THE BLAME GAME (1960s–1980s)

7 The Refrigerator Mother

8 Prisoner 15209

9 Kanner’s Fault

10 Biting Her Tongue

11 Mothers-in-Arms

12 The Agitator

13 Home on a Monday Afternoon

PART III: THE END OF INSTITUTIONS (1970s–1990s)

14 “Behind the Walls of the World’s Indifference”

15 The Right to Education

16 Getting on the Bus

17 Seeing the Ocean for the First Time

PART IV: BEHAVIOR, ANALYZED (1950s–1990s)

18 The Behaviorist

19 “Screams, Slaps, and Love”

20 The Aversion to Aversives

21 The “Anti-Bettelheim”

24 From Courtroom to Classroom

PART V: THE QUESTIONS ASKED IN LONDON (1960s–1990s)

25 The Questions Asked

27 Words Unstrung

28 The Great Twin Chase

29 Finding Their Marbles

PART VI: REDEFINING A DIAGNOSIS (1970s–1990s)

30 The Autism Spectrum

31 The Austrian

32 The Signature

PART VII: DREAMS AND BOUNDARIES (1980s–1990s)

33 The Dream of Language

34 The Child Within

35 An Elusive Definition

36 Meeting of the Minds

37 The Magic Man

PART VIII: HOW AUTISM BECAME FAMOUS (1980s–1990s)

38 Putting Autism on the Map

39 Society’s Emergency

PART IX: “EPIDEMIC” (1990s–2010)

40 The Vaccine Scare

41 Autism Speaks

42 A Story Unravels

43 The Greatest Fraud

44 Finding a Voice

45 Neurodiversity

Autism Timeline

A Note from the Authors

Acknowledgments

About the Authors