Appendix F

Images of the Tongue

DEVISES. Quotendis? Whether goeft thou? Befides Plates 1a and 1b. Claude Paradin, Heroïcal Devises (1591), 137–138, “Quò tendis?” Reproduced with the permission of Rare Books and Manuscripts, Special Collections Library, Pennsylvania State University Libraries.

HEROICAL Befides other discommodities which the |Iames.3a tongue bringeth with it, Saint Iames faith the same is tipped with poison, and bringeth death, comparing it to the ftearne of a ship, by which the whole vessell is ruled and gouerned. When sentence agreeth with the opinion of Bias, to whom Amafis king of Egipt sent a whole beast on this condition, that he shoulde sende to him againe the best and the woorst peece therof, who sent the tongue onely. Seeing then that that part of the body is ofsuch great moment, it is no maruel if nature haue compassed it in, with hedges and pales, as it were with double gates, which we must neuer vse to open without the consent of reason and wisedome going before, else, where the tongue goeth before premeditation, the entrance into these gates is a fearefull things, & the going out both dangerous, and unfortunate. Putrescet Plates 1 a and 1 b. (Continued)

HEOIQVES. Sic prædæ patet esca sui. Le grand bieu que le poisson apellé Pourpre, rectoit d sa Langue, est d'autant à estimer, que c'est son moyen de viure: prenant sa proye auec icelle. ET aussi le mal que souuent lui en auient, est d'autant à creindre, que par là, il prent la mort : estant tousiours pesché du Pescheur par la Langue. de mesmes donques la Langue humeine sagement faisant son ofice, est un tresor inestimable : mais aussi la iangleresse, causeuse, & desgorgee est d'autant à redouter, qu'elle est mortifere, & venimeuse : estant aussi apellee vulgairement, Grand Langue, & par ainsi tousiours representee par celle du Poure, qui est fort grande, à la fin de laquelle dens la gorge, ha encores ce Poisson l'hummeur purpurin, qu'il gette : come fait aussi la meschante Langue de fes actes & issues : qui sont bien souuent sanguinaires. l 2 Plate 2. Claude Paradin's Devises Heroi'ques (1557), 163, Sic praedae patet esca sui. Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections.

Sie preapatet esca sui. So her meatlyeth open to her owne destruction. The great commoditie which the fish called a Purple receiueth by his tongue, is so much the more to be esteemed, because thereby shee getteth her liuing. But for that sometimes euill happeneth to her thereby, there is she so much the more to feare, because by the same she may incurre the danger of death, and become a pray to the fishers. Euen so standeth the office of dutie of. Plates 3a and 3b. Claude Paradin, HeroYcal Devises (1591),207-158 (sic), Sic praedae patet esca sui. Reproduced with the permission of Rare Books and Manuscripts, Special Collections Library, Pennsylvania State University Libraries.

HEROICAL of mans tongue whilest it is wisely gouerned, it is a most precious iewell, contrarily, it being giuen to backbiting, cogging & lying, bretheth forth fearefull and deadly poyson: whereof it groweth that the common fort cal such a tongue grandem linguam, a brode or large tongue, or a blabbe tongue. Verie wel therefore is it compared to the tongue of a great purple fish, because there cleaneth to the palite of her mouth a purple, red humor, signifying allegorically the cruel poison of an euill speaker, a backbiter, and a bloodie fellow. Candor. Plates 3a and 3b. (Continued)

Bilingues cauendi. A Satyre, and his hoste, in mid of winters rage, At night, did hye them to the fire, the could for to asswage. The man with could that quak'd, vpon his handes did blowe: Which thinge the Satyre marked well; and crau'd that cause to knowe. Who answere made, herewith my fingers I doe heate: At lengthe when supper time was come, and bothe sat downe to eate; He likewise blewe his brothe, he tooke out of the potte: Being likewise asked why: (quoth hee) bicause it is to whotte. To whihc the Satyre spake, and blow'st thou whotte, and could? Hereafter, with such double mouthes, I will no frendship houlde. Which warneth all, to shonne a double tonged mate: And let them neither suppe, nor dine, nor come with thy gate. Plate 4. Geffrey Whitney, A Choice of Emblemes (1586), 160 Bilingues Cavendi. Reproduced with the permission of Rare Books and Manuscripts, Special Collections Library, Pennsylvania State University Libraries.

Ainfi quece petit poiffion, Peult arrefter vng grand Nauire, La langueenparrellile facon, rompt toure fureur & grand ire. Plate 5. Gilles Corrozet, Hecatomgraphie (Paris, Denis Janot, 1540), Doulce parole rompt ire. Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections

Plate 6. Guillaume de la Perrière’s, Morosophie (Lyons, Macé Bonhomme, 1553), Tetrastichon 16. Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections.

No Heart cantbinke, to what strange ends, The Tongues unruely Motion tends. ILLVSTER. XLII. Book. I. WEll-worthy of our better Heeding were, That Holy Pen-mans Lesson, who hath sayd, We should be slow to Speake, and swift to heart; If, well, the nature of the Tongue we waigh'd. For, if we let it loose, it getteth Wings, And, flies with wanton Carelesnesse, about; It prateth in all places, of All things; Tells Truth and Lyes, and babbleth Secrets out. To speake, of things unknowne, it taketh leave, As if it had all Knowledge in Possession; And, Mysteris (which no Man can conceive) Are thought fit Objects for the Tongues Expression. With Truth it mixeth Errors; sayes, unsayes; And, is the Preacher of all Heresies. That Heart, which gives it motion, it betrayes; And, utters Curses, Oathes, and Blasphemies. It spreads all SLaders, which base Envie raiseth; It moveth Anger, and begetteth Hates: It blameth Vertue; filthy Deeds it praiseth; And, causeth Vproares, Murthers, and Debates. Yea, tis the chiefest Factor for the Devill; And, yet, with speeches feignedly-sincere, It otherwhile reproveth what is Evill, And, will in Lowly-words, a Saint appeare. Now this is knowne; we, next of all, should learne, How we may shunne the Mischiefe being knowne; How, we bad Tongues, in others, may discerne; And, how to guide and moderate our Owne. And, reason good; for, none can apprehend, What mischiefe doth an Evill Tongue attend. The Plate 7. George Wither, A Collection of Emblemes (1635), Book 1, 42, “Lingua Quò tendis?” (“No Heart can thinke, to what strange ends, The Tongues unruely Motion tends”). Reproduced with the permission of Rare Books and Manuscripts, Special Collections Library, Pennsylvania State University Libraries.

Retiens la langue. Seythe, pourquoy tiens ta auecque ta main creuse Ton ventre paresseus & ton aine honteuse? Pourquoy deuant ta bouche astu mis l'aistre main? Vafuyant la luxure & le soing de ta pance: Retiens la langue aussi qui librement offence, Et sois en ton parler gracieus & humain. Aime Plate 8. Junius Hadrianus, Les Emblesmes (Antwerp, Christophe Plantin, 1567). Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections.

Plate 9. Guillaume de la Perriere, Theatre des bans engins (Paris, Denis Janot, 1544), LXXIII. Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections.

DEVISES Hac illac perfluo. Le Tonneau des Danaides (selon les Poètes) est tant troue & percé de tous cotez, que tant que lon y peut verser, il coule & gette dehors. A tel Tonneau donques (Plutarque. Terence.) ou semblable, Plutarque, Terence, & autres auteurs, acomparent les Langars, les Ingrats, & les Auares. Pour autant que le Langard & causeur, ne peut rien tenir secret, mais gette tout dehors, L'ingrat & mesconnoissant, ne scet gré du bien qu'on lui fait, & l'Auare iamais n'est rempli, ny saoul. Plate 10, Claude Paradin, Devises Heroi'ques (Lyons, Jean de Tournes and Guillaume Gazeau, 1557), 146, Hac iliac perfluo. Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections.

Alastatue de la Deesse Angerane. Silence. Quin'a pouuoir de s'imposer silence Et bien user de taciturnité, De céte dame apregne la science De moderer telle loquacité. Plate 11. Pierre Cousteau, Le Pegme (Lyons, 1560), 144. Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections.

Inuidiæ descriptio. Ad Ra. W. WHAT hideous hagge with visage sterne appeares? Whose feeble limes, can searce the bodie staie: This, Enuie is: leane, pale, and full of yeares, Who with the blisse of other pines awaie. And what declares, her eating vipers broode? That poysoned thoughtes, bee euermore her foode. (Inuidiam Ouid. desceribit 2. Metamorph.) What meanes her eies? so bleared, fore, and redd: Her mourninge still, to see an others gaine. And what is meante by snakes vpon her head? THe fruite that springes, of such a venomed braine. But whie, her hatte shee rentes within her brest? It shewes her selfe, doth worke her owne vnreft. (Lucret. 3. Macerat Inuides ante acules illn esse potitem $$Line$$) Whie lookes snee wronge? bicause shee woulde not see, An happie wight, which is to her a hell: What other partes within this furie bee? Her harte, with gall: her tonge, with stinges doth swell. And laste of all, her staffe with prickes aboundes: Which showes her wordes, wherewith the good shee woundes. (Ouid. lib. 1. De Arre Amandi) Fertilior seges est alienis semper in agris, Vicinumg pecus grandius vber habet. Plate 12. Geffrey Whitney, A Choice of Emblemes (1586), 94, Invidia descriptio. Reproduced with the permission of Rare Books and Manuscripts, Special Collections Library, Pennsylvania State University Libraries..

Plate 13. Guillaume de la Perriere, Theatre des bons engins (Paris, Denis Janot, 1544), XCIIII. Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections

Plate 14. Guillaume de la Perriere, Theatre des bons engins (Paris, Denis Janot, 1544), XLV. Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections.

DEVISES Transfundit pasta venenum. Aucuns peruers & outrageus, se recreent d'estudier, & remplir leur memoire des plus atroces iniures qu'ils peuuent entendre & tirer de toute me<s>chante langue, à fin que venans à iniurier quelqu'un,ils le puissent piquer insques au coeur, & le faire mourir de desplaifir (Pline.) s'ils peuuent. Et ainsi font comme les Guespes, lequelles mangeans par grande auidité d'un Serpent, rendent leure aguillons plus venimeus, & leurs piquures plus dangeruses & mortiferes. Plate 15. Claude Paradin, Devises Héroïques (1557), 84, “Transfundit pasta venenum.” Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections.

HEROIQVES. Infringit solido. Voulant calomnier un personnage, ferme, magnanime, & constant, la Calomnie retourne contre le Calomniateur : Ainsi que fait un trait ou flesche contre l'Archer, l'ayant tiré contre une pierre dure & solide. Plate 16. Claude Paradin, Devises Heroi'ques (1557),159, Infringit solido. Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections.

DEVISES Prohibete nefas. (Ariftote. Pline.) L'Amphisbeine, monstrueus Serpent, (ayant une teste en la queuè, ainsi qu'au au deuant, de laquelle il mord, s'auance, & recule, quad il lui plait) pourroit bien estre le Deuise d'un tas de traitres à deus visages, & ennemis domestiques : desquelz le danger est si grand, qu'il n'y ha espece de peste plus eficace pour nuire, que telle race (Cicero.) race de gens : Selon Ciero. Qui sont les meschans dont dit aussi le commun prouerbe: Tel par deuant fait bon visage, Quipar derrier mord & outrage Plate 17. Claude Paradin, Devises Heroi'ques (1557), 148, Prohibete Reproduced by permission University of Glasgow Special

Calumnie. A tort & par faictz indecentz Deuant les iuges d'ignorance Calumnie porte nuyfance Contre les iuftes innocentz. Plate 18. Gilles Corrozet, Hecatomgraphie (1540), Calumnie. Reproduced by permission of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections