Notes

INTRODUCTION – Learning to Be Hungry/Holdin’ On Together

1. Keith Antar Mason, “Mississippi Gulag,” (Los Angeles, 1995, manuscript), 10.

CHAPTER 1 – What’d You People Call That?

1. Gary B. Nash, Forging Freedom, The Formation of Philadelphia’s Black Community: 1720–1840 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988), 188–189.

CHAPTER 3 – All It Took Was a Road/Surprises of Urban Renewal

1. Ntozake Shange, “My Song for Hector Lavoe,” Aloud!: Voices (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1994), 366.

CHAPTER 4 – Birthday in Brixton

1. C. L. R. James, “Orleans,” from The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’Ouverture and the Santo Domingo Revolution, in The C. L. R. James Reader (Oxford: Blackwell Press, 1993), 108.

CHAPTER 6 – Brazil: More African Than Africans

1. Lygia Fagundes Telles, The Girl in the Photograph, translated from the Portuguese by Margaret A. Neves (New York: Avon Books, a Bard Book, 1982), 123.

2. Ibid., 118.

CHAPTER 7 – What Is It We Really Harvestin’ Here?

1. Lynne Fauley Emery, Black Dance: 1619 to Today (Pennington, N.J.: Princeton Books, a Dance Horizon book, 1988), 27.

2. Sterling Stuckey, Slave Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 65.

3. Henry Hobhouse, Seeds of Change: Five Plants that Transformed Mankind (New York: Harper & Row, Perennial Library, 1987), 74.

4. Ibid.

5. Karen Hess, The Carolina Rice Kitchen: The African Connection (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1992), 13.

6. Ibid., 17.

CHAPTER 8 – Westward Ho! Anywhere Must Be Better’n Here!

1. William Loren Katz, The Early Settlers (New York: Simon and Schuster, Touchstone Books, 1996), 176.

2. Ibid., 250.

3. Joseph M. Murphy, Santería: African Spirits in America (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993), 31.

4. Ibid., 19.

CHAPTER 9 – Better Late Than Never

1. Charles A. Taylor, with illustrations by Charles A. Taylor II, June-teenth: A Celebration of Freedom (Madison, Wisc.: Praxis Publications, African-American Celebration Series, 1995), 12.

2. World Music: The Rough Guide, ed. Simon Broughton et al. (London: Rough Guides, 1995), 509.

CHAPTER 10 – Is That Why the Duke Had a Train of His Own?

1. Kenneth F. Kiple and Brian T. Higgins, “Mortality Caused by Dehydration during the Middle Passage,” in The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economies, Societies, and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe, ed. Joseph E. Inkori and Stanley L. Engerman (Durham: Duke University Press, 1994), 327–328.

2. Phillipe Oszuscik, “French Creoles on the Gulf Coast,” in To Build a New Land: Ethnic Landscapes in North America, ed. Allen G. Noble (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), 142–144.

CHAPTER 11 – What Did You Serve? Oh, No, You Did Not!

1. “Calling the Ancestral Roll,” in Leaf and Bone: African-Praise Poems, ed. Judith Gleason (New York: Penguin Books, 1994), 45.

CHAPTER 12 – Virtual Realities, Real People, Real Foods

1. Wole Soyinka, “Beyond the Berlin Wall,” Transitions 51 (1991): 21.

2. Dale T. Garden, “This City Has Too Many Slaves Joined Together: The Abolitionist Crisis in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 1848–1856,” in The African Diaspora, ed. Aluisine Jalloh and Stephen E. Maizlish (College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1996), 96.

3. Molefi Kete Asante, “The Essential Grounds,” in Afro-centricity (Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1996), 22–23.

4. Lynne Fauley Emery, Black Dance: 1619 to Today (Pennington, N.J.: Princeton Books, a Dance Horizon book, 1988), 30.

5. Joseph M. Murphy, Santería: African Spirits in America (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993), 56.

6. Skobi Matunde, Seed of African-American People, 202–203.

7. Yosef A. A. ben-Jachannan, We, the Black Jews, vol. 1 and vol. 2 (Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1993), 156.

EPILOGUE

1. Marc Latamie. “Artists’ Dialogue.” in The Fact of Blackness: Frantz Fanon and Visual Representation, ed. Alan Read (London: Institute of Contemporary Arts, Institute of International Visual Arts; Seattle: Bay Press, 1996), 152–153.