Unpublished primary sources

TWA journals: T.W. Atkinson, four unpublished travel journals, 1847–53, Royal Geographical Society

TWA correspondence: Dahlquist Collection, Hawaii

–– British Library; includes MSS Murchison Papers Vol.1. Add. 4612572: 74

–– Manchester Central Library (letters to Royal Manchester Institute submitting works for exhibition)

–– Bodleian Library, Oxford

–– Russian State Archive, St Petersburg

Lucy Atkinson correspondence: Wren Library, Trinity College, Cambridge

–– John Murray Archive, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh

Scott, George Gilbert, notebooks, Vol. 2, RIBA

Published primary sources

Atkinson, T.W., Gothic Ornaments selected from the different Cathedrals and Churches in England, London, 1829

TWA, O & WS: Atkinson, T.W., Oriental & Western Siberia: A Narrative of Seven Years’ Exploration and Adventures in Siberia, Mongolia, the Kirghis Steppes, Chinese Tartary, and Part of Central Asia, London, 1858

–– Reprint of Harper and Brothers edn, New York, 1858, University of Michigan, pb, 2005. No map or colour plates, different pagination

–– Part of Chapter XIX in the Barnaul journal Altai, No. 2, 2012, 131–7

TWA, U & LA: Atkinson, T.W., Travels in the Regions of the Upper and Lower Amoor and the Russian Acquisitions on the Confines of India and China. With adventures among the mountain Kirghis; and the Manjours, Manyargs, Toungouz, Touzemts, Goldi, and Gelyaks: the hunting and pastoral tribes, London, Hurst & Blackett, 1860. Reprinted Vanguard Books, 1996; University of Michigan, 2008

–– Incorporated Church Building Society (I.C.B.S. plan of St Margaret’s, Bowers Gifford; Society of Antiquaries)

–– The Amoor and the Steppes (Travels in the Regions of the Upper and Lower Amoor, and the Russian Acquisitions on the Confines of India and China; with Adventures among the Mountain Kirghis, and the Manjours, Manyargs, Toungouz, Goldi, the Gelyaks, the Hunting and Pastoral Tribes. By Thomas Witlam Atkinson, author of ‘Oriental and Western Siberia’. With a Map and numerous Illustrations. Published by Harper and Brothers), Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, Vol. XXI, June–Nov. 1860

–– An Account of an Ascent with the Kirghis through the Mountain Passes to their Summer Pastures at the foot of the snowy peaks the Ac-Tou, Chinese Tartary. Transactions of the Ethnological Society, Vol. I. New Series. London, John Murray, 1861, 93–105

–– La Siberia Oriental y Occidental y la Tartaria China por Tomas Witlam Atkinson. Nuevo Viajero Universal, Madrid, 1860

–– Voyage sur les frontières Russo-Chinoises et dans les steppes de l’Asie Centrale par Thomas Witlam Atkinson (1848–1854), Le Tour du Monde – nouveau journal des voyages, Hachette, Paris, 1863, 337–84

–– Reifen in den Steppen und Hochgebirgen Sibiriens: und der angrenzenden Länder Central-Asiens. Nach Aufzeichnungen von T.W. Atkinson, Ä. Th. v. Middendorff, G. Radde u. A. Bearbeitet von Anton von Etzel und Hermann Wagner. Leipzig, Verlag Otto Spamer, 1864

–– Journey through Siberia and the neighbouring countries of Central Asia. According to descriptions T.W. Atkinson, A.T. von Middendorff, G. Radde et al., ed. A. von Etzel & H. Wagner, St Petersburg, 1865. (Puteshestvie po Sibiri I prilegayushchim k nei stranam tsentralnoi Azii. Po opisaniyam T.U. Atkinsona, A.T. Fon- Middendorfa, G. Radde i dr. Sostavili A. Fon-Etzel, i G. Vagner. Perevod s nemetskogo N. Deppisha, St Petersburg 1865)

Some Heroes of Travel or chapters from the history of Geographical discovery and enterprise. With maps. Compiled and rewritten by the late W.H. Davenport Adams. London, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1893, 157–228 (re T.W. Atkinson, Oriental and Western Siberia, London, 1858)

LA: Atkinson, Lucy, Recollections of the Tartar Steppes and their Inhabitants, London, 1863

–– Reprint, Russia Observed series, New York, 1970; Scholar’s Choice, Rochester, NY, 2015

Secondary sources: publications on the Atkinsons

Cross, Anthony, Anglo-Russica (Selected Essays), 1993: ‘The Testament of a Forgotten “Wife”’

–– Introduction to Recollections of Tartar Steppes, vii, citing The Athenaeum No. 3750, 9 September 1899, 341

Fielding, Nick, South to the Great Steppe: The Travels of Thomas and Lucy Atkinson in Eastern Kazakhstan, 1847–1852. London, FIRST Books, 2015

–– ‘Thomas and Lucy Atkinson: pioneering explorers of the steppe’ in Asian Affairs, March 2018

–– siberiansteppes.com

Hayles, Sally, ‘Thomas Witlam Atkinson (bap. 1799–1861) – On the Edge’ in The Hidden Artists of Barnsley, Barnsley Art on Your Doorstep, Barnsley, Yorkshire, 2014

Hoe, Susanna, Lucy and Thomas Atkinson: Complicated Lives in Russia and Beyond, HOLO Books website, 2014. Chapter 1 updated

–– Travels in Tandem: the Writing of Women and Men Who Travelled Together, Oxford, 2012.

Massey Stewart, John, ‘Lost (and Found): the Russian Watercolours of Thomas Witlam Atkinson, “the Siberian traveller”’, in exh. cat. Unforgettable Russia: Russians and Russia through the eyes of the British XVII–XIX centuries, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, 1997

–– Entry on Atkinson in Ekaterinburg Entsiklopediya, Ekaterinburg, 2002

Ryall, Anka, ‘A Woman in the Wilderness: the travel narratives of Thomas and Lucy Atkinson’ in Proceedings from the Third Nordic Conference for English studies, Hasselby, Sweden, 25–27 Sept. 1986

Sadoveanu, Mihail, The Nest of Invasions (1930), 3 vols, New York & London, 2003. See European Review of History, Feb. 2009, on this Romanian novelist inspired by Atkinson’s travel accounts

Seago, T. Taylor, ‘A Victorian Who Followed Marco Polo’, Country Life, 16 July 1964, 150–51

Simpson, Marianne, ‘Seeking descendants of Lucy Atkinson’, Inside History magazine, Australia and New Zealand, 9 March 2015

–– Alatau Tamchiboulac Atkinson (1848–1906), Feb. 2017. See Fielding blog above

Wilkinson, Joseph, ‘Worthies, Families, & Celebrities of Barnsley & District’ in Barnsley Chronicle series, 1880–82

Secondary Sources: UK, Australia, Germany, Hawaii

Allgemeines Künstler-Lexicon (Dictionary of Artists), Vol. 5, Saur Verlag, 1991 (compilation of all entries of all countries)

Axon, William E.A., ed., The annals of Manchester: a chronological record from the earliest time to the end of 1885, Manchester and London, 1886

Australian Dictionary of Biography, Melbourne University Publishing, 1966–2007

The Builder, 31 August 1861 (Atkinson’s obituary)

Catalogue of the Drawings Collection of the Royal Institute of British Architects, London, 1968

The Civil Engineer and Architect’s Journal, a leading London journal which began in 1837 (the year of Queen Victoria’s accession).

Clayton, A.B., typescript biography of, received 19/2/99 by Manchester City Art Galleries

Colvin, Howard, Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1000–1840, New Haven and London, 2nd & 3rd edns; 4th edn, 2008

Complete Yorkshire, Ward Lock Red Guide, London, 1982

Craig, C.J., in Kerr, Joan, ed., Dictionary of Australian Artists: painters, sketchers, photographers and engravers to 1870, OUP, Melbourne, 1992

Dibb, A.J., Like a Mighty Tortoise: A History of the Diocese of Manchester, Oldham, 1978

Dictionary of National Biography, Supplement, 1901, & Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004

Dixon, Roger, & Muthesius, Stefan, Victorian Architecture, OUP, 1978

Ellis, S.M., ed., A Mid-Victorian Pepys, London, 1923

Engels, Friedrich, The Condition of the Working-Class in England, Moscow, 1973

Fisher, Stanley W., A Dictionary of Watercolour Painters, 1750–1900, New York & London, 1972

Galton, Sir Francis, Memories of My Life, New York, 1909

Grant, Col. M.H., A Dictionary of British Landscape Painters. From the 16th to the early 20th century, F. Lewis, Leigh-on-Sea, reprinted 1976

Graves, Algernon, The Royal Academy of Arts Exhibitors 1769–1904, Vol. I, 1905, reprint Nabu Press, 2010

–– A Dictionary of Artists who have exhibited works in the principal London exhibitions of oil [sic] paintings from 1760 to 1880, London, 1884; reprint, Franklin, New York, 1970

Hill, Rosemary, God’s Architect, Allen Lane, London, 2007

Honour, Hugh, Romanticism, Allen Lane, London, 1979

Jackson, Barry, Cawthorne 1790–1990: A South Yorkshire Village remembers its past, 1991

Kidson, Peter, et al., A History of English Architecture, Penguin, London, 1979

The Manchester Historical Recorder, 1874; reprint, RareBooks, 2012

Manchester: Records of, with acknowledgements to David Taylor

Nellist, George F., ed., The Story of Hawaii and its Builders, Hawaii, 1925

Papworth, Wyatt, ed., The Dictionary of Architecture with illustrations, Architectural Publications Society, 1852–92, Vol. 1

Pevsner, Nikolaus, The Buildings of England series: Cheshire, 1971; Kent: North-East & East (John Newman, co-author), 3rd edn, 1983; South Lancashire (Lancashire 1, The Industrial and Commercial South), New Haven & Harmondsworth/London, 1969 (most edns revised)

Port, M.H., Six hundred new churches: The Church Building Commission 1818–1856, Reading, 2006

Pratt, Rev. Charles Tiplady, History of Cawthorne, 1882, 104

Royal Geographical Society, Proceedings, 26 May 1862

Saunders, Ann, The Art and Architecture of London, 2nd edn, London, 1988

Scott, Sir George Gilbert, ed. Stamp, Gavin, Personal & Professional Recollections: The Autobiography of the Victorian Architect, Stamford, 1995

Smith, D.J., Aspects of Life in Old Cawthorne, South Yorkshire, Sheffield, n.d.

Stewart, Cecil, The Stones of Manchester, London, 1956

Stirling, A.M.W., The Letterbag of Lady Elizabeth Spencer Stanhope, London, New York, 1913

Ware, Dora, A Short Dictionary of British Architects, London, 1967

Weinreb, Ben, & Hibbert, Christopher, The London Encyclopedia

Woodward, G.L., The Age of Reform 1815–1870, Oxford, 1946

Secondary Sources: Russia, the Kazakh Steppes and Central Asia

Ågren, Maria, ed., Iron-making Societies. Early Industrial Development in Sweden and Russia, 1600–1900, New York, 1998

Aleksandrovskaya, O.A., & Firsova, G.A., Nauchnoe nasledstvo: Estestvennonauchnoe nasledie dekabristov. v. 24, Nauka, Moscow, 1995

Andreevsky, I.E., ed., Entsiklopedicheskii Slovar’, 82 vols, St Petersburg, 1890–1904

Arzhannikov, S.G., Ivanov, A.V., Arzhannikova, A.V., Demonterova, E.I., Jolivet, M., Buyantuev, V.A., Oskolkov, V.A., Voronin, V.I., Journal of Asian Earth Science, Elsevier, 2016, v.125, 87–99

Atlas SSSR, Moscow, 1983

Blanchard, Ian, Russia’s ‘Age of Silver’, London & New York, 1989

Bobrick, Benson, East of the Sun: The Conquest and Settlement of Siberia, London, 1992

Bolshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya, Moscow, 2002

Brockhaus & Efron, Entsiklopedicheskii Slovar, 1890–1907

Brown, Archie, et al., Cambridge Encyclopedia of Russia & the Former Soviet Union, Cambridge, 1994

Channon, John, with Hudson, Robert, The Penguin Historical Atlas of Russia, London, 1995

Collie, Michael, & Diemer, John, eds, Murchison’s Wanderings in Russia, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, 2004

Dukes, Paul, A History of the Urals: Russia’s Chronicle from Early Empire to the Post-Soviet Era, London & New York, 2015

Fedorchenko, V.I., Dvor rossiiskikh imperatorov, Krasnoyarsk, 2004

Figes, Orlando, Natasha’s Dance: A Cultural History of Russia, Allen Lane, London, 2002, 19–20

Forsyth, James, A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia’s North Asian Colony 1581–1990, Cambridge, 1992

Glinka, G.V., ed., Aziatskaya Rossiya, St Petersburg, 1914

Grozdetsky, N.A., Soviet Geographical Exploration and Discoveries, Moscow, 1974

Gryaznov, Mikhail P., South Siberia, Ancient Civilizations series, London, 1969

Hartley, Janet M., Siberia: A History of the People, Yale, London & New Haven, 2014

Howe, G. Melvyn, The Soviet Union: A Geographical Study, London, 1968, rev. edn 1983

Hudson, Hugh D. Jnr, The Rise of the Demidov Family and the Russian Iron Industry in the 18th century, Oriental Research Partners, 1986

Ivanov, Alexei V., et al., ‘Jom-Bolok Holocene volcanic field…’, Bulletin of Vulcanology, Nov. 2011, Vol. 73, 9, 1279–94

Jacquemoud, Clement, The Altaians. A Turkic people from the Mountains of Siberia, Musée Barbier-Mueller, Geneva, 2015

Kalesnik, S.V., ed., Rossiiskaya Federatsiya: Ural, Sovetskii Soyuz series, Moscow, 1969

–– Rossiiskaya Federatsiya: Kazakhstan, Sovetskii Soyuz series, Moscow, 1970

–– Rossiiskaya Federatsiya: Zapadnaya Sibir, Moscow, 1971

www.krasplace.ru/zolotopromyshlennost-enisejskoj-gubernii (‘Gold-mining industry of Yenisei gubernia’), 2015

Levshin, Alexei, Opisanie Kirgiz-kaisatskikh ord I stepei: Chast 3, Moscow, 2011

Lincoln, W. Bruce, Petr P. Semenov-Tian-Shanskii: The Life of a Russian Geographer, Newtonville, 1980, 120

–– The Conquest of a Continent: Siberia and the Russians, Ithaca & London, 1994

Maack, Richard, Puteshestvie na Amur…, v 1855 godu, Siberian Dept. of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, St Petersburg, 1859

Mironenko, S.V., Dekabristy. Biograficheskii spravochnik, Moscow, 1988

Murchison, R.I., The Geology of Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains, London, 1845

Olcott, Martha Brill, The Kazakhs, 2nd edn, 1995

Pamyatniki Sibiri. Zapadnaya Sibir i Krasnoyarskii Krai, Moscow, 1974

Pertseva, T.A., Irkutsk v panorame vekov: ocherki istorii goroda, Irkutsk, 2003

Reid, Anna, The Shaman’s Coat: A Native History of Siberia, London, 2002

Rezun, D., ed., Kratkaya entsiklopediya po istorii kupechestva i kommertsii Sibiri, 4 vols, Novosibirsk, 1999, Vol. 3, 160

Robinson, Philip, Postmarks & Postal History of the Russian Empire Period, 2nd edn, 1990

Russkii Biograraficheskii Slovar’

Samarin, Iuri Fedorovich, preface to The Correspondence of Iuri Samarin and Baroness von Rahden (1861–76), trans. of 2nd edn, Ontario, 1974

Seaman, W.A.L., & Sewell, J.R., Russian Journal of Lady Londonderry 1836–37, History Book Club, 1973

Seaton, Albert, The Crimean War: A Russian Chronicle, HarperCollins, London, 1977

Schreiber, Dagmar, Kazakhstan: Nomadic Routes from Caspian to Altai, Hong Kong, 2008

Semenov, Petr Petrovich, ed. Thomas, Colin, Travels in the Tian’ Shan’ 1856–1857, Hakluyt Society, London, 1998

Sheremetev, Count Sergei, Graf Mikhail Mikhailovich Muraviov i ego doch, St Petersburg, 8 April 1892

Shmidt, S.O., ed., Katalog lichnykh arkhivnykh fondov. Otechestvennykh istorikov, Vyp. 3: Vtoroi pol. XIX-nachalo XX v. Ch. 1: A-B. Moscow, 2012, 879

Shteingeil’, V. I., Sochineniia i pis’ma, Tom 1. Zapiski i pis’ma. Irkutsk, 1965, 490. A Decembrist’s memoirs and Siberian exile after 1825

Shumyatsky, B.Z., ed., Sibirskaya Entsiklopediya, Vol. 1, 1929 et seq.

Sutherland, Christine, The Princess of Siberia, London, 1985

Tochenov, V.V., ed., Atlas SSSR, 1983

Ulam, Adam B., Russia’s Failed Revolutions, New York, 1981

Vasilyev, D., Rossiya i Kazakhskaia step: administrativnaya politika i status okrainy. XVIII-pervaya polovina XIX veka, Moscow, 2014. Russian legal system and Kazakhs, military occupation, Russian and Kazakh leaders in 1800, maps, etc.

Volkova, N.S., Anglichane v Sibiri, trans. as The English in Siberia. Adventures and Anecdotes: Thomas Witlam Atkinson and Mrs Lucy Atkinson, Barnaul, 2012

Warnes, David, Chronicle of the Russian Tsars, London, 1999

Wheeler, G.E., The Modern History of Soviet Central Asia, London, 1964

White, Andrew Dickson, Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White, New York, 1906

Wilton, Andrew, & Barringer, Tim, America Sublime: Landscape painting in the United States 1820–1880, 2002

Yale Dictionary of Art and Artists, 2000

Znamenitie Rossiyane XVIII–XIX vekov. Biografii i portreti, Po izdaniyu velikogo knyazya Nikolaya Mikhailovicha, Russkie portreti XVIII i XIX stoletii, St Petersburg, 1996

Newspapers and journals

The Art-Journal, 1858; 1860, 346–7

The Athenaeum, 28 Nov. 1857; 28 July 1860, 117–19

Blackett, 25 Sept. 1860

Hawaiian Star, 30 April 1906

Leeds Mercury, 14 Sept. 1861

London Gazette (now The Gazette)

London Review, 1 Jan. 1861, Vol. 15, Issue 30, 439

Manchester Free Gazette, n.d. (Manchester Central Library)

New York Daily Tribune, 4 June 1858, 3

Obshchestvennye Zapiski of Irkutsk, Aug. 1860, 39–44

The Quarterly Review, 7 Jan. 1861, Vol. 110, Issue 219, 179

The Saturday Review, 13 Feb. 1858, 167–8. See also Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle, 13 Dec. 1857

The Siberian Times

The Times, 8 Jan. 1858

Background reading

Atkinson, John Augustus, A Picturesque Representation of the Manners, Customs, and Amusements of the Russians, London, 1803–04

Beeson, Nora, ed., Traveling Across North America 1812–1813. Watercolors by the Russian Diplomat Pavel Svinin, New York & St Petersburg, 1992, 192. Biographical comments by Beeson

Christie, Ian R., The Benthams in Russia 1780–1791, Oxford & Providence, NJ, 1993

Cochrane, Narrative of a Pedestrian Journey through Russia and Siberian Tartary, to the Frontiers of China to the Frozen Sea and Kamtchatka, 2 vols, London, 1824

Cross, Anthony, St Petersburg and the British: The City through the Eyes of British Visitors and Residents, London, 2008

Heather, Roderick, An Accidental Relationship; Stories of the British in Tsarist Russia, London, 2008

Hill, S.S., Travels in Siberia, London, 1854

Hopkirk, Peter, The Great Game: On Secret Service in High Asia, 1990

Kobyalitsky, I.A., & Solomenko, V.P., Vostochnye Sayany, 1947

Krausse, Alexis, Russia In Asia. A Record and a Study 1558–1899, London & New York, 1899

Laumulin, Chokan & Murat, The Kazakhs: Children of the Steppe, Folkestone, 2009

Le Page, Virginia, Shambhala: The Fascinating Truth behind the Myth of Shangri-La, Quest Books, USA

Maier, F., Trekking in Russia and Central Asia: A Traveler’s Guide, Seattle, 1994

Massey Stewart, John, ‘Baikal’s hidden depths’, New Scientist, 1990, No. 1722

McCoy, Rebecca (publ. anonymously), The Englishwoman in Russia…, London, 1855

Nerhood, Harry E.W., To Russia and Return, Ohio, 1968

Okladnikov, A.P., ed., Istoriya Sibirii, Leningrad, 1968, 3 vols

Pitcher, Harvey, When Miss Emmie was in Russia: English governesses before, during and after the October Revolution, London, 1977

Ravenstein, E.G., The Russians on the Amur: Its Discovery, Conquest and Colonisation…, London, 1861

Speake, Jennifer, ed., Literature of Travel and Exploration, 3 vols, 2003

Stejneger, Leonhard, Georg Wilhelm Steller: The Pioneer of Alaskan Natural History, Cambridge, MA, 1936

Tallmadge, J., ‘From Chronicle to Quest: The Shaping of Darwin’s “Voyage of the Beagle”’, Victorian Studies 23, 325–45

Teissier, Beatrice, ed., Into the Kazakh Steppe. John Castle’s Mission to Khan Abulkhair, Oxford, 2014, 10. First English translation of appendage to Materialen zu der Russischen Geschichte seit dem Tode Kaisers Peter der Grossen, II, Riga, 1784

–– Russian Frontiers: Eighteenth-century British Travellers in the Caspian, Caucasus and Central Asia, Oxford, 2011

Wardell, J.W., In the Kirghiz Steppes, London, Galley Press, 1961

Wight, Robert, Vanished Khans and Empty Steppes: A History of Kazakhstan From Pre-History to Post-Independence, Hemel Hempstead, 2014

Williams, Stephanie, Olga’s Story (re Kyakhta), London, 2015, pb 2016