Moreover, according to the contemporary crusading chronicle, the Itinerary of King Richard, the king’s saddle bore two lions (this time probably passant) facing each other as if to fight.⁶ However, it has now been shown that other contemporary seals depicting identical lion-shields in strict profile belonged to men who definitely bore a single lion rampant for their arms, in particular the influential equestrian seal dating to about 1170 of that great patron of chivalry, Philip d’Alsace count of Flanders. This is corroborated by contemporary manuscript illumination, and chronicle evidence talks of Richard’s banner whilst he was on crusade as charged with a lion (singular).⁷