©2010
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS
All rights reserved
Designed by Courtney Leigh Baker
Set in Minion Pro by Rebecca Evans
Manufactured in the United States of America
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence
and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines
for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.
The University of North Carolina Press has been
a member of the Green Press Initiative since 2003.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Jones, Howard, 1940–
Blue and gray diplomacy : a history of Union and Confederate
foreign relations / Howard Jones.—1st ed.
p. cm. —(Littlefield history of the Civil War era)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8078-3349-0 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. United States — Foreign relations — 1861–1865. 2. Confederate
States of America—Foreign relations. 3. United States—Foreign
relations—Great Britain. 4. Great Britain—Foreign relations—
United States. 5. United States—Foreign relations—France.
6. France—Foreign relations—United States. 7. Confederate States
of America—Foreign relations—Great Britain. 8. Great Britain—
Foreign relations—Confederate States of America. 9. Confederate
States of America—Foreign relations—France. 10. France—
Foreign relations—Confederate States of America. I. Title.
E469.J563 2010
973.7′2—dc22 2009031564
14 13 12 11 10 5 4 3 2 1