Adams, Charles Francis. Diary. Adams Family Papers. Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
———. Letterbook. Adams Family Papers. Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
———. Miscellany. Adams Family Papers. Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
Bright, John. Papers. British Library, London.
Clarendon, Fourth Earl of (George William Frederick Villiers). Papers. Bodleian Library, Oxford University, Oxford.
Cobden, Richard. Papers. British Library, London.
Cowley, Lord (Henry Richard Charles Wellesley, First Earl Cowley). Papers. FO 146. Public Record Office, Kew, England.
Gladstone, William E. Papers. British Library, London.
Great Britain. Foreign Office. FO 115, Embassy and Consular Archives, America, United States. Public Record Office, Kew, England.
———. Foreign Office. FO 146, Embassy and Consular Archives, France, Public Record Office, Kew, England.
———. Foreign Office. FO 27, France, General Correspondence, Public Record Office, Kew, England.
———. Foreign Office. FO 5 (series 2), America, United States, Public Record Office, Kew, England.
———. Foreign Office. FO 83, Great Britain and General, Law Officer's Reports, America, 1866–68, Public Record Office, Kew, England.
Harcourt, William Vernon. Papers. Stanton-Harcourt Collection, Bodleian Library, Oxford University, Oxford.
Layard, Sir Austen Henry. Papers. British Library, London.
Lewis, George Cornewall. Papers. National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth.
Mason, James M. Papers. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Moran, Benjamin. Diary. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Palmerston, Lord (Henry John Temple). Letterbooks. British Library, London.
———. Papers. University of Southampton, Southampton, England.
Ripon, First Marquis of (Earl de Grey, George Frederick Samuel Robinson). Papers. British Library, London.
Russell, Lord John. Papers. Public Record Office, Kew, England.
Seward, William H. Papers. Rush Rhees Library, University of Rochester, New York.
U.S. Department of State. Diplomatic Instructions of the Department of State, 1801–1906, France. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. Diplomatic Instructions of the Department of State, 1801–1906, Great Britain. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. Diplomatic Instructions of the Department of State, 1801–1906, Russia. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. Dispatches from the United States Ministers to France, 1789–1906. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. Dispatches from United States Ministers to Great Britain, 1791–1906. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. Domestic Letters of the Department of State, 1784–1906. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. Miscellaneous Letters of the Department of State, 1789–1906. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. Notes from the British Legation in the United States to the Department of State, 1791–1906. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. Notes from the French Legation in the United States to the Department of State, 1789–1906. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. Notes to Foreign Legations in the United States from the Department of State, 1834–1906, France. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
———. Notes to Foreign Legations in the United States from the Department of State, 1834–1906, Great Britain. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr. Charles Francis Adams, 1835–1915: An Autobiography. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916.
Adams, Henry. The Education of Henry Adams: An Autobiography. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918.
American Historical Association. Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1902. 2 vols. Vol. 2: Sixth Report of Historical Manuscripts Commission: With Diary and Correspondence of Salmon P. Chase. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1903.
Argyll, Duchess of, ed. George Douglas, Eighth Duke of Argyll (1823–1900): Autobiography and Memoirs. 2 vols. London: John Murray, 1906.
Ashmore, Owen, ed. “The Diary of James Garnett of Low Moor, Clitheroe, 1858–65.” Vol. 1: “Years of Prosperity, 1858–60.” In Transactions of the Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire for the Year 1969 121:77–98. Liverpool: Printed for Society, 1970. Vol. 2: “The American Civil War and the Cotton Famine, 1861–65.” In Transactions of the Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire for the Year 1971 123:105–43. Liverpool: Printed for Society, 1972.
Austin, John. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1832.
Barnes, James J., and Patience P. Barnes, eds. The American Civil War through British Eyes: Dispatches from British Diplomats. 3 vols. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2003.
———, eds. Private and Confidential: Letters from British Ministers in Washington to the Foreign Secretaries in London, 1844–1867. Selinsgrove, Pa.: Susquehanna University Press, 1993.
Baxter, James P., ed. “Papers Relating to Belligerent and Neutral Rights.” American Historical Review 34 (October 1928): 77–91.
Beale, Howard K., ed. The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933.
———. ed., Diary of Gideon Welles: Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson. 3 vols. New York: Norton, 1960.
Beisner, Robert L., ed. American Foreign Relations since 1600: A Guide to the Literature. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2003.
Bemis, Samuel F., and Grace G. Griffin, eds. Guide to the Diplomatic History of the United States, 1775–1921. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1935.
Benson, Arthur C., and Viscount Esher, eds. The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1837–1861. 3 vols. London: John Murray, 1908.
Bernard, Mountague. A Historical Account of the Neutrality of Great Britain during the American Civil War. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1870.
Bigelow, John. France and the Confederate Navy, 1862–1868. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1888.
———. Retrospections of an Active Life. 5 vols. New York: Baker and Taylor Co., 1909–13.
Bourne, Kenneth, and D. Cameron Watt, eds. British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Part 1, Series C: North America, 1837–1914. Vols. 5 and 6 of The Civil War Years, 1859–1865. Bethesda, Md.: University Publications of America, 1986.
Brigg, Mary, ed. The Journals of a Lancashire Weaver, 1856–64, 1872–75. Vol. 122 of The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. Liverpool: Printed for Society, 1982.
Bright, John. Speeches of John Bright, M.P., on the American Question. 1865. Kraus Reprint, 1970.
Buckle, George E., ed. The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1862–1878. 2nd series. 2 vols. New York: Longmans, Green, 1926–28.
Bulloch, James D. The Secret Service of the Confederate States in Europe; or, How the Confederate Cruisers Were Equipped. 2 vols. 1883. Reprint, New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1959.
Burnett, Lonnie A., ed. Henry Hotze, Confederate Propagandist: Selected Writings on Revolution, Recognition, and Race. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2008.
Burns, Richard D., ed. Guide to American Foreign Relations since 1700. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1983.
Campbell, Ina E. M., ed. Autobiography and Memoirs: George Douglas, Eighth Duke of Argyll. 2 vols. London: J. Murray, 1906.
Confederate States of America. Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1861–1865. 7 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1904–5.
Connell, Brian, ed. Regina vs. Palmerston: The Correspondence between Queen Victoria and Her Foreign and Prime Minister, 1837–1865. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1961.
Crawford, Martin, ed. William Howard Russell's Civil War: Private Diary and Letters, 1861–1862. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1992.
Davis, Jefferson. Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist: His Letters, Papers, and Speeches. 10 vols. Edited by Rowland Dunbar. Jackson: Mississippi State University Press, 1923.
———. The Papers of Jefferson Davis. 11 vols. to date. Edited by Lynda L. Crist and Mary Seaton Dix. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971–97.
———. The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government. 2 vols. New York: D. Appleton, 1881.
———. A Short History of the Confederate States of America. New York: Belford Co., Publishers, 1890.
Davis, Varina H. Jefferson Davis: A Memoir by His Wife. New York: Belford Co., 1890.
De Leon, Edwin. Secret History of Confederate Diplomacy Abroad. Edited by William C. Davis. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005.
Dennett, Tyler, ed. Lincoln and the Civil War in the Diaries and Letters of John Hay. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1939.
Donald, David, ed. Inside Lincoln's Cabinet: The Civil War Diaries of Salmon P. Chase. New York: Longmans, Green, 1954.
Dudley, Thomas H. “Three Critical Periods in Our Diplomatic Relations with England during the Late War: Personal Recollections of Thomas H. Dudley, Late United States Consul at Liverpool.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 17 (1893): 34–54.
Fairfax, D. MacNeill. “Captain Wilkes's Seizure of Mason and Slidell.” In Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, edited by Robert U. Johnson and Clarence C. Buel, 135–42. 1887–88. Reprint, New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956.
Ford, Worthington C., ed. A Cycle of Adams Letters, 1861–1865. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1920.
Gooch, G. P., ed. The Later Correspondence of Lord John Russell, 1840–1878. 2 vols. London: Longmans, Green, 1925.
Great Britain. British Parliamentary Papers, 1801–1899. 1,000 vols. Shannon: Irish University Press, date varies by volume.
———. Foreign Office. British and Foreign State Papers. 116 vols. London: William Ridgway, 1812–1925.
———. Parliament. British Sessional Papers (House of Commons and Lords), 1801–1900.
Guedalla, Philip, ed. Gladstone and Palmerston: Being the Correspondence of Lord Palmerston and Mr. Gladstone, 1851–1865. Covent Garden, England: Victor Gollancz, 1928.
Gurowski, Adam. Diary: From March 4, 1861 to November 12, 1862. 2 vols. 1862. Reprint, New York: Burt Franklin, 1968.
Hansard, Thomas C., ed. Hansard's Parliamentary Debates. 3rd series. 356 vols. London: Wyman, 1830–91.
Harcourt, William V. Letters by Historicus on Some Questions of International Law. London: Macmillan, 1863.
Hardman, Sir William. The Letters and Memoirs of Sir William Hardman. 2nd series: 1863–65. Annotated and edited by S. M. Ellis. New York: George H. Doran, 1925.
Hunter, Robert M. “The Capture of Mason and Slidell.” In Annals of the War Written by Leading Participants, North and South, 797–98. Philadelphia: Times, 1879.
Jones, John B. A Rebel War Clerk's Diary. 1866. Reprint edited by Earl S. Miers, New York: Sagamore Press, 1958.
Jones, Robert H. “The American Civil War in the British Sessional Papers: Catalogue and Commentary.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 107 (October 1963): 415–26.
Kent, James. Commentaries on American Law. 10th ed., 4 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1860.
Levenson, J. C., et al., eds. The Letters of Henry Adams. 6 vols. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982–88.
Lewis, Gilbert F., ed. Letters of the Right Hon. Sir George Cornewall Lewis. London: Longmans, Green, 1870.
Lincoln, Abraham. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. 8 vols. and Index. Edited by Roy P. Basler et al. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1953–55.
———. Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln. Edited by John G. Nicolay, John Hay, and F. D. Tandy. New ed. 12 vols. New York, 1905.
Lloyd's of London. Register of Shipping, 1861–66.
MacCarthy, Desmond, and Agatha Russell, eds. Lady John Russell: A Memoir with Selections from Her Diaries and Correspondence. New York: John Lane, 1911.
Mason, Virginia. The Public Life and Diplomatic Correspondence of James M. Mason. Roanoke, Va.: Stone Printing and Manufacturing Co., 1903.
Matthew, H. C. G., ed. The Gladstone Diaries. 9 vols. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1978.
Mitchell, Brian R., comp. European Historical Statistics, 1750–1970. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.
Monroe, Haskell M., Jr., et al., eds. The Papers of Jefferson Davis. 5 vols. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971–85.
Moore, John B. History and Digest of the International Arbitrations to Which the United States Has Been a Party. 6 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1898.
Moran, Benjamin. “Extracts from the Diary of Benjamin Moran, 1860–1868.” Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings 48 (1915): 431–92.
Palmer, Beverly W., ed. The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner. 2 vols. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1990.
Pearson, H. G., ed. “Letters of the Duke and Duchess of Argyll to Charles Sumner.” Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings 47 (1914): 66–106.
Pease, Theodore C., and James G. Randall, eds. The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning. 2 vols. Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925.
Pecquet du Bellet, Paul. The Diplomacy of the Confederate Cabinet of Richmond and Its Agents Abroad: Being Memorandum Notes Taken in Paris during the Rebellion of the Southern States from 1861–1865. Edited by William Stanley Hoole. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: Confederate Publishing Co., 1963.
Perkins, Howard C., ed. Northern Editorials on Secession. 2 vols. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co., 1942.
Reclus, Elisée. “Le cotton et la crise américaine.” Revue des deux mondes 37 (January 1862): 176–208.
Reid, Robert L., ed. “William E. Gladstone's ‘Insincere Neutrality' during the Civil War.” Civil War History 15 (December 1969): 293–307.
Richardson, James D., ed. A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Confederacy, Including the Diplomatic Correspondence, 1861–1865. 2 vols. Nashville, Tenn.: U.S. Publishing Co., 1905.
———. ed. A Compilation of Messages and Papers of the Presidents. [1789–1917]. 20 vols. and Supplement. New York: Bureau of National Literature, 1917.
Russell, John Earl. Recollections and Suggestions, 1813–1873. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1875.
Russell, William Howard. My Diary North and South. Edited by Eugene H. Berwanger. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988.
———. My Diary North and South. Edited by Fletcher Pratt. New York: Harper, 1954.
Sears, Stephen W., ed. The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan: Selected Correspondence, 1860–1865. New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1989.
Seward, Frederick W. Reminiscences of a Wartime Statesman and Diplomat, 1830–1915. New York: Putnam's, 1916.
Seward, William H. Autobiography of William H. Seward from 1801 to 1834: With a Memoir of His Life, and Selections from His Letters from 1881 to 1846. Edited by Frederick W. Seward. 3 vols. New York: D. Appleton, 1877.
Silver, A. W., ed. “Henry Adams' ‘Diary of a Visit to Manchester.'” American Historical Review 51 (October 1945): 74–89.
U.S. Congress. Congressional Globe. Washington, D.C.
———. House. House Executive Documents. Washington, D.C.
———. Senate. Senate Executive Documents. Washington, D.C.
U.S. Department of the Navy. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. 1st series, 30 vols; 2nd series, 3 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1894–1927.
U.S. Department of State. Correspondence concerning Claims against Great Britain: Transmitted to the Senate of the United States in Answer to the Resolutions of December 4 and 10, 1867, and of May 27, 1868. Papers Relating to Claims against Great Britain: Parliamentary and Judicial Appendix No. 26. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1870.
———. Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs, Accompanying the Annual Message of the President to the Second Session of the Thirty-Seventh Congress, 1861. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1861.
———. Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs Communicated to Congress, December 1, 1862. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1863.
———. Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs, Accompanying the Annual Message of the President of the First Session of the Thirty-Eighth Congress. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1864.
———. Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs: Executive Documents Printed by Order of the House of Representatives during the Second Session of the Thirty-eighth Congress, 1863–64. 15 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1865.
U.S. Supreme Court. U.S. Supreme Court Reports: Cases Argued and Decided in the Supreme Court of the United States, 5, 6, 7, 8. In Henry Wheaton, Lawyers' Edition. Rochester, N.Y.: Lawyers' Co-operative Publishing Co., 1918.
Vattel, Emmerich de. The Law of Nations; or, Principles of the Law of Nature Applies to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Sovereigns. Philadelphia: Abraham Small, 1817.
Wallace, Sarah A., and Frances E. Gillespie, eds. The Journal of Benjamin Moran, 1857–1865. 2 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949.
Welles, Gideon. “The Capture and Release of Mason and Slidell.” Galaxy (May 1873): 640–51.
Wellesley, F. A., ed. Secrets of the Second Empire: Private Letters from the Paris Embassy, Selections from the Papers of Henry Richard Charles Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley, Ambassador at Paris, 1852–1867. New York: Harper, 1929.
Wheaton, Henry. The Elements of International Law. 1836. 8th ed. Edited by Richard Henry Dana Jr. Boston: Little, Brown, 1866.
Whiting, William. War Powers under the Constitution of the United States. 10th ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1864.
Williams, Ben A., ed. A Diary from Dixie by Mary Boykin Chesnut. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1949.
Woodward, C. Vann, ed. Mary Chesnut's Civil War. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.
Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (England)
National Intelligencer (Washington, D.C.)
New York Commercial Advertiser
North American Review (Boston)
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr. Before and after the Treaty of Washington: The American Civil War and the War in the Transvaal. New York: New-York Historical Society, 1902.
Adams, Ephraim D. Great Britain and the American Civil War. 2 vols. New York: Longmans, Green, 1925.
Ashley, Evelyn. The Life and Correspondence of Henry John Temple Palmerston. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley and Son, 1879.
Atkins, John B. The Life of Sir William Howard Russell: The First Special Correspondent. 2 vols. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1911.
Ausubel, Herman. John Bright: Victorian Reformer. New York: Wiley, 1966.
Ball, Douglas B. Financial Failure and Confederate Defeat. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
Bancroft, Frederic. The Life of William H. Seward. 2 vols. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1900.
Barker, Nancy N. The French Experience in Mexico, 1821–1861: A History of Constant Misunderstanding. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979.
Bauer, Craig A. A Leader among Peers: The Life and Times of Duncan Farrar Kenner. Lafayette: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1993.
Bell, Herbert C. F. Lord Palmerston. 2 vols. London: Longmans, Green, 1936.
Beringer, Richard E., Herman Hattaway, Archer Jones, and William N. Still Jr. Why the South Lost the Civil War. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986.
Bernath, Stuart L. Squall across the Atlantic: American Civil War Prize Cases and Diplomacy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970.
Berwanger, Eugene H. The British Foreign Service and the American Civil War. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1994.
Black, Shirley J. Napoleon III and Mexican Silver. Silverton, Colo.: Ferrell Publications, 2000.
Blackburn, George M. French Newspaper Opinion on the American Civil War. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1997.
Blackett, Richard J. M. Divided Hearts: Britain and the American Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.
Blumberg, Arnold. The Diplomacy of the Mexican Empire, 1863–1867. Philadelphia: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 61, part 8, 1971.
Blumenthal, Henry. France and the United States: Their Diplomatic Relations, 1789–1914. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1970.
———. A Reappraisal of Franco-American Relations, 1830–1871. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959.
Boaz, Thomas. Guns for Cotton: England Arms the Confederacy. Shippensburg, Pa.: Burd Street Press, 1996.
Bock, Carl H. Prelude to Tragedy: The Negotiation and Breakdown of the Tripartite Convention of London, October 31, 1861. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1966.
Bonham, Milledge L., Jr. The British Consuls in the Confederacy. New York: Columbia University, Longmans, Green, 1911.
Bourne, Kenneth. Britain and the Balance of Power in North America, 1815–1908. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.
———. The Foreign Policy of Victorian England, 1830–1902. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1970.
Boykin, Edward C. Ghost Ship of the Confederacy: The Story of the Alabama and Her Captain, Raphael Semmes. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1957.
———. Sea Devil of the Confederacy: The Story of the Florida and Her Captain, John Newland Maffitt. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1959.
Bradlee, Francis B. Blockade Running during the Civil War and the Effect of Land and Water Transportation on the Confederacy. Philadelphia: Porcupine Press, 1974.
Browning, Robert M., Jr. From Cape Charles to Cape Fear: The North Atlantic Blockading Squadron during the Civil War. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1993.
Burn, W. L. The Age of Equipoise: A Study of the Mid-Victorian Generation. London: Allen and Unwin, 1964.
Butler, Perry. Gladstone: Church, State and Tractarianism—A Study of His Religious Ideas and Attitudes, 1809–1859. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.
Callahan, James M. Diplomatic History of the Southern Confederacy. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1901.
Campbell, Charles S. From Revolution to Rapprochement: The United States and Great Britain, 1783–1900. New York: Wiley, 1974.
Campbell, Duncan A. English Public Opinion and the American Civil War. Woodbridge, Suffolk, United Kingdom; Rochester, New York: Royal Historical Society/Boydell Press, 2003.
Carnahan, Burrus M. Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2007.
Carroll, Daniel B. Henri Mercier and the American Civil War. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971.
Case, Lynn M., and Warren F. Spencer. The United States and France: Civil War Diplomacy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970.
Cook, Adrian. The Alabama Claims: American Politics and Anglo-American Relations, 1865–1872. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1975.
Cortada, James W. Spain and the American Civil War: Relations at Mid-Century, 1855–1868. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1980.
Coulter, E. Merton. The Confederate States of America, 1861–1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1950.
Courtemanche, Regis A. No Need of Glory: The British Navy in American Waters, 1860–1864. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1977.
Cox, LaWanda. Lincoln and Black Freedom: A Study in Presidential Leadership. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1981.
Crawford, Martin. The Anglo-American Crisis of the Mid-Nineteenth Century: The Times and America, 1850–1862. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1987
Crook, David P. Diplomacy during the American Civil War. New York: Wiley, 1975.
———. The North, the South, and the Powers, 1861–1865. New York: Wiley, 1974.
Cross, Coy F., II. Lincoln's Man in Liverpool: Consul Dudley and the Legal Battle to Stop Confederate Warships. De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2007.
Cullop, Charles C. Confederate Propaganda in Europe, 1861–1865. Coral Gables, Fla.: University of Miami Press, 1969.
Cunningham, Michele. Mexico and the Foreign Policy of Napoleon III. New York: Palgrave, 2001.
Current, Richard N. The Lincoln Nobody Knows. New York: Hill and Wang, 1958.
Daddysman, James W. The Matamoros Trade: Confederate Commerce, Diplomacy, and Intrigue. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1984.
Dalzell, George W. The Flight from the Flag: The Continuing Effect of the Civil War upon the American Carrying Trade. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1940.
Davis, William C. Jefferson Davis: The Man and His Hour. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.
Diggins, John P. On Hallowed Ground: Abraham Lincoln and the Foundations of American History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.
Donald, David H. Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1960.
———. Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970.
———. Lincoln. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995.
Duberman, Martin. Charles F. Adams, 1807–1886. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1961.
Du Bose, John W. The Life and Times of William Lowndes Yancey: A History of Political Parties in the United States, from 1834 to 1864. Birmingham, Ala.: Roberts and Son, 1892. Reprint, New York: Peter Smith, 1942.
Durkin, Joseph T. Stephen R. Mallory: Confederate Navy Chief. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1954.
Eaton, Clement. A History of the Southern Confederacy. New York: Free Press, 1954.
———. Jefferson Davis. New York: Free Press, 1977.
Ellison, Mary. Support for Secession: Lancashire and the American Civil War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.
Evans, Eli N. Judah P. Benjamin: The Jewish Confederate. New York: Free Press, 1988.
Faust, Drew G. This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.
Ferris, Norman B. Desperate Diplomacy: William H. Seward's Foreign Policy, 1861. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1976.
———. The Trent Affair: A Diplomatic Crisis. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1977.
Fischer, LeRoy H. Lincoln's Gadfly: Adam Gurowski. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964.
Fitzmaurice, Lord Edmond George Petty-Fitzmaurice, 1st Baron. The Life of Granville George Leveson Gower, Second Earl Granville, K.G., 1815–1891. 2 vols. London: Longmans, Green, 1905.
Foner, Philip S. British Labor and the American Civil War. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981.
Fox, Stephen. Wolf of the Deep: Raphael Semmes and the Notorious Confederate Raider CSS Alabama. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007.
Franklin, John Hope. The Emancipation Proclamation. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1963.
Freeman, Douglas S. R. E. Lee: A Biography. 4 vols. New York: Scribner, 1934–35.
Gaddis, John L. Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States: An Interpretive History. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990.
Gallagher, Gary W. The Confederate War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
———, ed. The Antietam Campaign. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
———, ed. Antietam: Essays on the 1862 Maryland Campaign. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1989.
———, ed. The Richmond Campaign of 1862: The Peninsula and the Seven Days. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
Gardiner, A. G. The Life of Sir William Harcourt. 2 vols. New York: George H. Doran, 1923.
Gavronsky, Serge. The French Liberal Opposition and the American Civil War. New York: Humanities Press, 1968.
Glatthaar, Joseph T. General Lee's Army: From Victory to Collapse. New York: Free Press, 2008.
Grant, Alfred. The American Civil War and the British Press. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland and Co., 2000.
Guelzo, Allen C. Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William N. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1999.
Hammond, M. B. The Cotton Industry. 1897. New York: Johnson Reprint, 1966.
Hanna, Alfred J., and Kathryn A. Hanna. Napoleon III and Mexico: American Triumph over Monarchy. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1971.
Harrington, Fred H. Fighting Politician: Major General N. P. Banks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1948.
Hearn, Chester G. Gray Raiders of the Sea: How Eight Confederate Warships Destroyed the Union's High Seas Commerce. Camden, Maine: International Marine Publishing, 1992.
Henderson, William O. The Lancashire Cotton Famine, 1861–1865. 1934. Reprint, New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1969.
Hendrick, Burton J. Statesmen of the Lost Cause: Jefferson Davis and His Cabinet. New York: Literary Guild, 1939.
Hess, Earl J. Trench Warfare under Grant and Lee: Field Fortifications in the Overland Campaign. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
Hubbard, Charles M. The Burden of Confederate Diplomacy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1998.
Hyman, Harold M., ed. Heard round the World: The Impact Abroad of the Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969.
Jaffa, Harry V. A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000.
Jenkins, Brian. Britain and the War for the Union. 2 vols. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1974, 1980.
Johannsen, Robert W. Lincoln, the South, and Slavery: The Political Dimension. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991.
Jones, Howard. Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999.
———. To the Webster-Ashburton Treaty: A Study in Anglo-American Relations, 1783–1842. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977.
———. Union in Peril: The Crisis over British Intervention in the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
Jones, Howard, and Donald A. Rakestraw. Prologue to Manifest Destiny: Anglo-American Relations in the 1840s. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1997.
Jones, Wilbur D. The Confederate Rams at Birkenhead: A Chapter in Anglo-American Relations. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: Confederate Publishing Co., 1961.
Jordan, Donaldson, and Edwin J. Pratt. Europe and the American Civil War. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1931.
Katz, Irving. August Belmont: A Political Biography. New York: Columbia University Press, 1968.
Kelly, Alfred H., Winfred A. Harbison, and Herman Belz. The American Constitution: Its Origins and Development, 6th ed. New York: Norton, 1983.
Lauterpacht, Hersch. Recognition in International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1947.
Leader, Robert E. Life and Letters of John Arthur Roebuck. London: Edward Arnold, 1897.
Lester, Richard I. Confederate Finance and Purchasing in Great Britain. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1975.
Levine, Bruce. Confederate Emancipation: Southern Plans to Free and Arm Slaves during the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Longford, Elizabeth. Queen Victoria: Born to Succeed. New York: Harper and Row, 1964.
MacKintosh, John P. The British Cabinet. 2nd ed. London: Smith, Elder, 1880.
Magnus, Philip M. Gladstone: A Biography. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1954.
Mahin, Dean B. One War at a Time: The International Dimension of the American Civil War. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1999.
Martin, Theodore. Life of the Prince Consort. 5 vols. London: Smith, Elder, 1880.
Marvel, William. The Alabama and the Kearsarge: The Sailor's Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
Marx, Karl, and Frederick Engels. The Civil War in the United States. New York: International Publishers, 1937.
Matthew, H. C. G. Gladstone, 1809–1874. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Maurois, André. Disraeli: A Picture of the Victorian Age. Translated by Hamish Miles. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1928.
Maxwell, Herbert. The Life and Letters of George William Frederick, Fourth Earl of Clarendon. 2 vols. London: Edward Arnold, 1913.
May, Robert E. The Southern Dream of a Caribbean Empire, 1854–1861. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1973.
McPherson, James M. Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
———. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
———. Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
———. Drawn with the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
———. The Negro's Civil War: How American Negroes Felt and Acted During the War for the Union. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.
———. Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1982, 3rd ed., 2000.
———. For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
———. Tried by War: Abraham Lincoln as Commander in Chief. New York: Penguin Press, 2008.
———. What They Fought For, 1861–1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994.
Meade, Robert D. Judah P. Benjamin and the American Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1943.
Merli, Frank J. The Alabama, British Neutrality, and the American Civil War. Edited by David M. Fahey. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.
———. Great Britain and the Confederate Navy, 1861–1865. 1970. Reprint with new introduction by Howard Jones, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.
———, ed. Journal of Confederate History: Special Commemorative Naval Issue on CSS Alabama. Brentwood, Tenn.: Southern Heritage Press, 1989.
Milton, David H. Lincoln's Spymaster: Thomas Haines Dudley and the Liverpool Network. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 2003.
Mitford, Nancy, ed. The Stanleys of Alderley. London: Chapman and Hall, 1939. Reprint, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1968.
Monaghan, Jay. Abraham Lincoln Deals with Foreign Affairs: A Diplomat in Carpet Slippers. Introduction by Howard Jones. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. (Originally published as Diplomat in Carpet Slippers: Abraham Lincoln Deals with Foreign Affairs. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1945.)
Morley, John. The Life of William Ewart Gladstone. 3 vols. London: Macmillan, 1903.
Murfin, James V. The Gleam of Bayonets: The Battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign of 1862. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1965.
Myers, Phillip E. Caution and Cooperation: The American Civil War in British-American Relations. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2008.
Nevins, Allan. War Becomes Revolution. Vol. 2 of The War for the Union. New York: Scribner, 1960.
Newton, Lord. Lord Lyons: A Record of British Diplomacy. 2 vols. London: Edward Arnold, 1913.
Niven, John. Gideon Welles: Lincoln's Secretary of the Navy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973.
Oates, Stephen B. With Malice toward None: The Life of Abraham Lincoln. New York: Harper and Row, 1977.
Owsley, Frank L. King Cotton Diplomacy: Foreign Relations of the Confederate States of America. Rev. by Harriet C. Owsley. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959. Reprint with new introduction by Howard Jones. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2009.
Owsley, Frank L., Jr. The C.S.S. Florida: Her Building and Operations. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1965. Reprint, University of Alabama Press, 1987.
Paludan, Phillip S. “A People's Contest”: The Union and Civil War, 1861–1865. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988. 2nd ed., 1996.
———. The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1994.
Parish, Peter J. The American Civil War. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1975.
Perkins, Dexter. The Monroe Doctrine, 1826–1867. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1933.
Prest, John M. Lord John Russell. London: Macmillan, 1972.
Rable, George C. Fredericksburg! Fredericksburg! Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
Randall, James G. Constitutional Problems under Lincoln. Rev. ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1951.
———. Lincoln the President. 4 vols. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1945–55.
Randall, James G., and David H. Donald. The Civil War and Reconstruction. 2nd ed. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1969.
Rawley, James A. Abraham Lincoln and a Nation Worth Fighting For. Wheeling, Ill.: Harlan Davidson, 1996.
———. Turning Points of the Civil War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966.
Reid, T. Wemyss. Life of the Right Honourable William Edward Forster. 2 vols. London: Chapman and Hall, 1888.
Ridley, Jasper. Lord Palmerston. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1971.
———. Maximilian and Juárez. London: Constable and Co., 1993.
Robinson, Charles M. Shark of the Confederacy: The Story of the CSS Alabama. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1995.
Rose, Anne C. Victorian America and the Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Saul, Norman E. Distant Friends: The United States and Russia, 1763–1867. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991.
Schantz, Mark S. Awaiting the Heavenly Country: The Civil War and America's Culture of Death. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2008.
Schoonover, Thomas D. Dollars over Dominion: The Triumph of Liberalism in Mexican-United States Relations, 1861–1867. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978.
Sears, Louis M. John Slidell. Durham: Duke University Press, 1925.
Sears, Stephen W. Landscape Turned Red: The Battle of Antietam. New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1983.
———. To the Gates of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign. New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1992.
Sexton, Jay. Debtor Diplomacy: Finance and American Foreign Relations in the Civil War Era, 1837–1873. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 2005.
Smith, Elbert B. Francis Preston Blair. New York: Free Press, 1980.
Smith, Goldwin. The Treaty of Washington, 1871. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1941.
Spencer, Warren F. The Confederate Navy in Europe. University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 1983.
Sprout, Harold, and Margaret Sprout. The Rise of American Naval Power, 1776–1918. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946.
Stevens, Kenneth R. Border Diplomacy: The Caroline and McLeod Affairs in Anglo-American Relations, 1837–1842. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1989.
Still, William N., Jr. Confederate Shipbuilding. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1969.
Striner, Richard. Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Summersell, Charles G. CSS Alabama: Builder, Captain, and Plans. University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 1985.
Taylor, John M. Confederate Raider: Raphael Semmes of the Alabama. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1994.
Thomas, Benjamin P. Abraham Lincoln: A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952.
———. Russo-American Relations, 1815–1867. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Press, 1930.
Thomas, Benjamin P., and Harold M. Hyman. Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln's Secretary of War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.
Thomas, Emory M. The Confederate Nation, 1861–1865. New York: Harper and Row, 1979.
Thompson, Samuel B. Confederate Purchasing Operations Abroad. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1935.
Tilby, A. Wyatt. Lord John Russell: A Study in Civil and Religious Liberty. London: Cassell, 1930.
Todd, Richard C. Confederate Finance. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1954.
Trevelyan, George M. The Life of John Bright. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1913.
Tucker, Spenser C. Blue and Gray Navies: The Civil War Afloat. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 2006.
Tyrner-Tyrnauer, A. R. Lincoln and the Emperors. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1962.
Vanauken, Sheldon. The Glittering Illusion: English Sympathy for the Southern Confederacy. Worthing, England: Churchman, 1988.
Van Deusen, Glyndon G. William Henry Seward. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967.
Varon, Elizabeth R. Disunion: The Coming of the American Civil War, 1789–1859. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.
Walpole, Spencer. The Life of Lord John Russell. 2 vols. London: Longmans, Green, 1889.
Walther, Eric H. William Lowndes Yancey and the Coming of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.
Warren, Gordon H. Fountain of Discontent: The Trent Affair and Freedom of the Seas. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1981.
Wells, Tom H. The Confederate Navy: A Study in Organization. University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 1971.
West, Richard S., Jr. Gideon Welles: Lincoln's Navy Department. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1943.
West, W. Reed. Contemporary French Opinion on the American Civil War. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1924.
Wills, Garry. Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.
Willson, Beckles. John Slidell and the Confederates in Paris (1862–65). New York: Minton, Balch, 1932.
Winks, Robin W. Canada and the United States: The Civil War Years. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1960.
Wise, Stephen R. Lifeline of the Confederacy: Blockade Running during the Civil War. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1988.
Woldman, Albert A. Lincoln and the Russians. Cleveland: World, 1952.
Woodham-Smith, Cecil. Queen Victoria: From Her Birth to the Death of the Prince Consort. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1972.
Woodman, Harold D. King Cotton and His Retainers: Financing and Marketing the Cotton Crop of the South, 1800–1925. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1968.
Young, Robert W. Senator James Murray Mason: Defender of the Old South. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1998.
A. M. G. “The Pride of Mr. Laird.” Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 294 (1963): 213–23.
Adamov, E. A. “Russia and the United States at the Time of the Civil War.” Journal of Modern History 2 (December 1930): 586–602.
Adams, Brooks. “The Seizure of the Laird Rams.” Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings 45 (1911–12): 243–333.
———. “The British Proclamation of May, 1861.” Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings 48 (1915): 190–241.
———. “The Crisis of Foreign Intervention in the War of Secession, 1862.” Paper for Massachusetts Historical Society (April 1914): 2–54.
———. “The Crisis of Foreign Intervention in the War of Secession, September–November 1862.” Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings 47 (1914): 372–424.
———. “The Negotiations of 1861 Relating to the Declaration of Paris of 1856.” Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings 46 (1912): 23–84.
———. “The Trent Affair.” American Historical Review 17 (April 1912): 540–62.
———. “The Trent Affair.” Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings 45 (November 1911): 35–148.
Adams, Henry. “Why Did Not England Recognize the Confederacy?” Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings 66 (1942): 204–22.
Anderson, Stuart. “1861: Blockade vs. Closing the Confederate Ports.” Military Affairs 41 (December 1977): 190–94.
Barker, Nancy N. “France, Austria, and the Mexican Venture, 1861–1864.” French Historical Studies 3 (Fall 1963): 224–45.
———. “The French Legation in Mexico: Nexus of Interventionists.” French Historical Studies 8 (Spring 1974): 409–26.
———. “Monarchy in Mexico: Harebrained Scheme or Well-considered Prospect?” Journal of Modern History 48 (March 1976): 51–68.
Bauer, Craig A. “The Last Effort: The Secret Mission of the Confederate Diplomat, Duncan F. Kenner.” Louisiana History 22 (Winter 1981): 67–95.
Baxter, James P. “The British Government and Neutral Rights, 1861–1865.” American Historical Review 34 (October 1928): 9–29.
———. “Some British Opinions as to Neutral Rights, 1861–1865.” American Journal of International Law 23 (July 1929): 517–37.
Bellows, Donald. “A Study of British Conservative Reaction to the American Civil War.” Journal of Southern History 51 (1985): 505–26.
Beloff, Max. “Historical Revision No. CXVIII: Great Britain and the American Civil War.” History 37 (February 1952): 40–48.
Bernath, Stuart L. “British Neutrality and the Civil War Prize Cases.” Civil War History 15 (December 1969): 320–31.
———. “Squall across the Atlantic: The Peterhoff Episode.” Journal of Southern History 34 (August 1968): 382–401.
Berwanger, Eugene H. “Union and Confederate Reaction to French Threats against Texas.” Journal of Confederate History 7 (1991): 97–111.
Blackett, R. J. M. “Pressures from Without: African Americans, British Public Opinion, and Civil War Diplomacy.” In The Union, the Confederacy, and the Atlantic Rim, edited by Robert E. May, 69–100. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 1995.
Blair, William A. “The Seven Days and the Radical Persuasion: Convincing Moderates in the North of the Need for a Hard War.” In The Richmond Campaign of 1862: The Peninsula and the Seven Days, edited by Gary W. Gallagher, 153–80. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
Blaug, Mark. “The Productivity of Capital in the Lancashire Cotton Industry during the Nineteenth Century.” Economic History Review, 2nd series, 13 (1961): 358–81.
Blumenthal, Henry. “Confederate Diplomacy: Popular Notions and International Realities.” Journal of Southern History 32 (May 1966): 151–71.
Bonham, Milledge L., Jr. “The French Consuls in the Confederate States.” In Studies in Southern History and Politics: Inscribed to William Archibald Dunning, PH.D., LL.D., Lieber Professor of History and Political Philosophy in Columbia University, by His Former Pupils, the Authors, 83–104. New York: Columbia University Press, 1914.
Booth, Alan R. “Alabama at the Cape, 1863.” American Neptune 26 (April 1966): 96–108.
Bourne, Kenneth. “British Preparations for War with the North, 1861–1862.” English Historical Review 76 (October 1961): 600–632.
Brady, Eugene A. “A Reconsideration of the Lancashire ‘Cotton Famine.'” Agricultural History 37 (July 1963): 156–62.
Brauer, Kinley J. “British Mediation and the American Civil War: A Reconsideration.” Journal of Southern History 38 (February 1972): 49–64.
———. “Seward's ‘Foreign War Panacea': An Interpretation.” New York History 55 (April 1974): 133–57.
———. “The Slavery Problem in the Diplomacy of the American Civil War.” Pacific Historical Review 46 (August 1977): 439–69.
Broadbridge, Stanley. “The Lancashire Cotton ‘Famine,' 1861–1865.” In The Luddites, and Other Essays, edited by Lionel M. Munby, 143–60. London: Michael Katanka, Ltd., 1971.
Brook, Michael. “Confederate Sympathies in North-East Lancashire, 1862–1864.” Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society 75–76 (1977): 211–17.
Callahan, James M. “Diplomatic Relations of the Confederate States with England, 1861–1865.” In The Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1898, 267–83. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1899.
Carpenter, John A. “The New York International Relief Committee: A Chapter in the Diplomatic History of the Civil War.” New-York Historical Society Quarterly 56 (July 1972): 239–52.
Claussen, Martin P. “Peace Factors in Anglo-American Relations, 1861–1865.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 26 (March 1940): 511–22.
Coddington, Edwin B. “The Civil War Blockade Reconsidered.” In Essays in History and International Relations, in Honor of George Hubbard Blakeslee, edited by Dwight H. Lee and George E. McReynolds, 284–305. Worcester, Mass.: Clark University Press, 1949.
Cohen, Victor H. “Charles Sumner and the Trent Affair.” Journal of Southern History 22 (May 1956): 205–19.
Coletta, Paolo E. “Recognition Policy.” In Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy: Studies of the Principal Movements and Ideas, 3:882–92. 3 vols. New York: Scribner, 1978.
Cortada, James W. “Florida's Relations with Cuba during the Civil War.” Florida Historical Quarterly 59 (July 1980): 42–52.
Crawford, Martin. “William Howard Russell and the Confederacy.” Journal of American Studies 15 (August 1981): 191–210.
Crook, Carland E. “Benjamin Théron and the French Designs in Texas during the Civil War.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 68 (April 1965): 432–54.
Crook, David P. “Portents of War: English Opinion on Secession.” Journal of American Studies 4 (February 1971): 163–79.
DeConde, Alexander, ed. Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy: Studies of the Principal Movements and Ideas. 3 vols. New York: Scribner, 1978.
Earle, Edward M. “Egyptian Cotton and the American Civil War.” Political Science Quarterly 41 (December 1926): 520–45.
Ellsworth, Edward W. “Anglo-American Affairs in October of 1862.” Lincoln Herald 66 (Summer 1964): 89–96.
Fehrenbacher, Don E. “Only His Stepchildren: Lincoln and the Negro.” Civil War History 20 (December 1974): 293–310.
Ferris, Norman B. “Diplomacy.” In Civil War Books: A Critical Bibliography, edited by Allan Nevins, James I. Robertson Jr., and Bell I. Wiley, 1:241–78. 2 vols. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1967. Reprint, Wilmington, N.C.: Broadfoot Publishing Co., 1996.
———. “The Prince Consort, The Times, and the Trent Affair.” Civil War History 6 (June 1960): 152–56.
———. “Transatlantic Misunderstanding: William Henry Seward and the Declaration of Paris Negotiation, 1861.” In Rank and File: Civil War Essays in Honor of Bell Irvin Wiley, edited by James I. Robertson Jr. and Richard M. McMurry, 55–78. San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1976.
———. “William H. Seward and the Faith of a Nation.” In Traditions and Values: American Diplomacy, 1790–1865, edited by Norman A. Graebner, 153–77. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1985.
Fredrickson, George M. “A Man but Not a Brother: Abraham Lincoln and Racial Equality.” Journal of Southern History 41 (February 1975): 39–58.
Gallagher, Gary W. “A Civil War Watershed: The Richmond Campaign in Perspective.” In The Richmond Campaign of 1862: The Peninsula and the Seven Days, edited by Gary W. Gallagher, 3–27. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
Gavronsky, Serge. “American Slavery and the French Liberals: An Interpretation of the Role of Slavery in French Politics during the Second Empire.” Journal of Negro History 51 (January 1966): 36–52.
Gentry, Judith F. “A Confederate Success in Europe: The Erlanger Loan.” Journal of Southern History 36 (May 1970): 157–88.
Ginzberg, Eli. “The Economics of British Neutrality during the American Civil War.” Agricultural History 10 (October 1936): 147–56.
Golder, Frank A. “The American Civil War through the Eyes of a Russian Diplomat.” American Historical Review 26 (April 1921): 454–63.
———. “The Russian Fleet and the Civil War.” American Historical Review 20 (July 1915): 801–12.
Graebner, Norman A. “European Interventionism and the Crisis of 1862.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 69 (February 1976): 35–45.
———. “Northern Diplomacy and European Neutrality.” In Why the North Won the Civil War, edited by David Donald, 55–78. New York: Collier, 1962. (Reprint of original published in 1960.)
Greenleaf, Richard. “British Labor against American Slavery.” Science and Society 17 (Winter 1953): 42–58.
Gwin, Stanford P. “Slavery and English Polarity: The Persuasive Campaign of John Bright against English Recognition of the Confederate States of America.” Southern Speech Communication Journal 49 (Summer 1984): 406–19.
Hanna, Kathryn A. “Incidents of the Confederate Blockade.” Journal of Southern History 11 (May 1945): 214–29.
———. “The Roles of the South in the French Intervention in Mexico.” Journal of Southern History 20 (February 1954): 3–21.
Harrison, Lowell H. “The CSS Shenandoah.” Civil War Times Illustrated 15 (1976): 4–9, 44–47.
Harrison, Royden. “British Labor and American Slavery,” Science and Society 25 (December 1961): 291–319.
———. “British Labour and the Confederacy: A Note on the Southern Sympathies of Some British Working Class Journals and Leaders during the American Civil War.” International Review of Social History 2 (1957): 78–105.
Heckman, Richard A. “British Press Reaction to the Emancipation Proclamation.” Lincoln Herald 71 (Winter 1969): 150–53.
Henderson, Conway W. “The Anglo-American Treaty of 1862 in Civil War Diplomacy.” Civil War History 15 (December 1969): 308–19.
Hernon, Joseph M., Jr. “British Sympathies in the American Civil War: A Reconsideration.” Journal of Southern History 33 (August 1967): 356–67.
Higham, Robin. “The Russian Fleet on the Eastern Seaboard, 1863–1864: A Maritime Chronology.” American Neptune 20 (January 1960): 49–61.
Hoslett, Schuyler Dean. “Southern Expectations of British Intervention in the Civil War.” Tylers Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine 22 (January 1941): 76–82.
Jarvis, Rupert C. “The Alabama and the Law.” Transactions of the Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire 111 (1959): 181–98.
Jenkins, Brian. “Frank Lawley and the Confederacy.” Civil War History 23 (June 1977): 144–60.
———. “William Gregory: Champion of the Confederacy.” History Today 28 (May 1978): 322–30.
Jentleson, Bruce W., and Thomas G. Paterson, eds. Encyclopedia of U.S. Foreign Relations. 4 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Johnson, Ludwell H. “Lincoln's Solution to the Problem of Peace Terms, 1864–1865.” Journal of Southern History 34 (November 1968): 576–86.
Johnson, Robert E. “Investment by Sea: The Civil War Blockade.” American Neptune 32 (January 1972): 45–57.
Jones, Howard. “History and Mythology: The Crisis over British Intervention in the Civil War.” In The Union, the Confederacy, and the Atlantic Rim, edited by Robert E. May, 29–67. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 1995.
———. “To Preserve a Nation: Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D. Roosevelt as Wartime Diplomatists.” In War Comes Again: Comparative Vistas on the Civil War and World War II, edited by Gabor Boritt, 167–95. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
———. “Toward a More Perfect Union: Lincoln and the Death of Slavery.” In Presidents, Diplomats, and Other Mortals: Essays Honoring Robert H. Ferrell, edited by J. Garry Clifford and Theodore A. Wilson, 15–28. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2007.
Jones, Robert H. “Anglo-American Relations, 1861–1865, Reconsidered.” Mid-America 45 (January 1963): 36–49.
———. “Long Live the King?” Agricultural History 37 (July 1963): 166–69.
Jones, Wilbur D. “The British Conservatives and the American Civil War.” American Historical Review 58 (April 1953): 527–43.
Kennett, Lee. “The Strange Career of the ‘Stonewall.'” United States Naval Institute Proceedings 94 (February 1968): 74–85.
Khasigian, Amos. “Economic Factors and British Neutrality, 1861–1865.” Historian 25 (August 1963): 451–65.
Krein, David F. “Russell's Decision to Detain the Laird Rams.” Civil War History 22 (June 1976): 158–63.
Kushner, Howard I. “The Russian Fleet and the American Civil War: Another View.” Historian 34 (August 1972): 633–49.
Kutolowski, John. “The Effect of the Polish Insurrection of 1863 on American Civil War Diplomacy.” Historian 27 (August 1965): 560–77.
Laas, Virginia J. “‘Sleepless Sentinels': The North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, 1862–1864.” Civil War History 31 (March 1985): 24–38.
Landry, Harral L. “Slavery and the Slave Trade in Atlantic Diplomacy, 1850–1861.” Journal of Southern History 27 (May 1961): 184–207.
Leary, William M., Jr. “The Alabama vs. the Kearsarge: A Diplomatic View.” American Neptune 29 (August 1969): 167–73.
Lebergott, Stanley. “Through the Blockade: The Profitability and Extent of Cotton Smuggling, 1861–1865.” Journal of Economic History 41 (December 1981): 867–88.
———. “Why the South Lost: Commercial Purpose in the Confederacy, 1861–1865.” Journal of American History 70 (June 1983): 58–74.
Lester, Richard I. “An Aspect of Confederate Finance during the American Civil War: The Erlanger Loan and the Plan of 1864.” Business History 16 (July 1974): 130–44.
Logan, Frenise A. “Activities of the Alabama in Asian Waters.” Pacific Historical Review 31 (May 1962): 143–50.
———. “India—Britain's Substitute for American Cotton, 1861–1865.” Journal of Southern History 24 (November 1958): 472–80.
Logan, Kevin J. “The Bee-Hive Newspaper and British Working Class Attitudes toward the American Civil War.” Civil War History 22 (December 1976): 337–48.
Long, John S. “Glory-Hunting off Havana: Wilkes and the Trent Affair.” Civil War History 9 (June 1963): 133–44.
Lorimer, Douglas A. “The Role of Anti-Slavery Sentiment in English Reactions to the American Civil War.” Historical Journal 19 (June 1976): 405–20.
Lutz, Ralph Haswell. “Rudolph Schleiden and the Visit to Richmond, April 25, 1861.” Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1915. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1890.
MacChesney, Brunson. “The Alabama and the Queen's Advocate—A Mystery of History.” Northwestern University Law Review 62 (September–October 1967): 568–85.
Maynard, Douglas H. “The Escape of the Florida.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 77 (April 1953): 181–97
———. “Plotting the Escape of the Alabama.” Journal of Southern History 20 (May 1954): 197–209.
———. “Union Efforts to Prevent the Escape of the Alabama.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 41 (June 1954): 41–60.
McConnell, Roland C. “From Preliminary to Final Emancipation Proclamation: The First Hundred Days.” Journal of Negro History 48 (October 1963): 260–76.
McPherson, James M. “‘The Whole Family of Man': Lincoln and the Last Best Hope Abroad.” In The Union, the Confederacy, and the Atlantic Rim, edited by Robert E. May, 131–58. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 1995.
Meade, Robert D. “The Relations between Judah P. Benjamin and Jefferson Davis: Some New Light on the Working of the Confederate Machine.” Journal of Southern History 5 (November 1939): 468–78.
Merli, Frank J. “The American War with Blockades: Reflections on the Union Blockade of the South.” Paper delivered before Tenth Naval History Symposium, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., September 1991.
———. “The Confederate Navy, 1861–1865.” In Peace and War: Interpretations of American Naval History, 1775–1978, edited by Kenneth J. Hagan, 126–44. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1978.
———. “Crown versus Cruiser: The Curious Case of the Alexandra.” Civil War History 9 (June 1963): 167–77.
Merli, Frank J., and Theodore A. Wilson. “The British Cabinet and the Confederacy.” Maryland Historical Magazine 65 (Fall 1970): 239–62.
Milne, A. Taylor. “The Lyons-Seward Treaty of 1862.” American Historical Review 38 (April 1933): 511–25.
Morgan, James M. “The Confederate Cruiser Florida.” United States Naval Institute Proceedings 42 (September–October 1916).
Nagengast, William E. “The Visit of the Russian Fleet to the United States: Were Americans Deceived?” Russian Review 8 (January 1949): 46–55.
Neely, Mark E., Jr. “The Perils of Running the Blockade: The Influence of International Law in an Era of Total War.” Civil War History 32 (June 1986): 101–18.
Oates, Stephen B. “Henry Hotze: Confederate Agent Abroad.” Historian 27 (February 1965): 131–54.
———. “‘The Man of Our Redemption': Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation of the Slaves,” Presidential Studies Quarterly 9 (Winter 1979): 15–25.
O'Rourke, Alice. “The Law Officers of the Crown and the Trent Affair.” Mid-America 54 (July 1972): 157–71.
Orzell, Laurence J. “A ‘Favorable Interval': The Polish Insurrection in Civil War Diplomacy, 1863.” Civil War History 24 (December 1978): 332–50.
Owsley, Frank L. “Ambrose Dudley Mann.” Dictionary of American Biography, 12:239–40.
Park, Joseph H. “The English Workingmen and the American Civil War.” Political Science Quarterly 39 (September 1924): 432–57.
Pomeroy, Earl S. “French Substitutes for American Cotton, 1861–1865.” Journal of Southern History 9 (November 1943): 555–60.
———. “The Myth after the Russian Fleet, 1863.” New York History 31 (April 1950): 169–76.
Potter, J. “Atlantic Economy, 1815–1860: The U.S.A. and the Industrial Revolution in Britain.” In Essays in American Economic History, edited by A. W. Coats and Ross M. Robertson, 14–48. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1969.
Rakestraw, Donald A. “Foreign Relations: The Civil War.” In Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Paul Finkelman, 1:508–12. 3 vols. New York: Scribner, 2001.
Roberts, William P. “James Dunwoody Bulloch and the Confederate Navy.” North Carolina Historical Review 24 (1947): 315–66.
Scherer, Paul H. “Partner or Puppet? Lord John Russell at the Foreign Office, 1859–1862.” Albion 19 (Fall 1987): 347–71.
Schmidt, Louis B. “The Influence of Wheat and Cotton on Anglo-American Relations during the Civil War.” Iowa Journal of History and Politics 16 (July 1918): 400–439.
Schoonover, Thomas. “Napoleon Is Coming! Maximilian Is Coming? The International History of the Civil War in the Caribbean Basin.” In The Union, the Confederacy, and the Atlantic Rim, edited by Robert E. May, 101–30. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 1995.
Sears, Louis M. “A Confederate Diplomat at the Court of Napoleon III.” American Historical Review 26 (January 1921): 255–81.
Smith, Geoffrey S. “Charles Wilkes and the Growth of American Naval Diplomacy.” In Makers of American Diplomacy, edited by Frank J. Merli and Theodore A. Wilson, 1:135–63. 2 vols. New York: Scribner, 1974.
Sowle, Patrick. “A Reappraisal of Seward's Memorandum of April 1, 1861, to Lincoln.” Journal of Southern History 33 (May 1967): 234–39.
Spencer, Warren F. “The Jewett-Greeley Affair: A Private Scheme for French Mediation in the American Civil War.” New York History 51 (April 1970): 238–68.
St. Clair, Sadie D. “Slavery as a Diplomatic Factor in Anglo-American Relations during the Civil War.” Journal of Negro History 30 (July 1945): 260–75.
Strong, Edwin, Thomas H. Buckley, and Annetta St. Clair. “The Odyssey of the CSS Stonewall.” Civil War History 30 (December 1984): 306–23.
Warren, Gordon H. “The King Cotton Theory.” In Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy: Studies of the Principal Movements and Ideas, edited by Alexander DeConde, 2:515–20. 3 vols. New York: Scribner, 1978.
Whitridge, Arnold. “The Alabama, 1862–1864: A Crisis in Anglo-American Relations.” History Today 5 (March 1955): 174–75.
———. “British Liberals and the American Civil War.” History Today 12 (October 1962): 688–95.
Wright, D. G. “Bradford and the American Civil War.” Journal of British Studies 8 (May 1969): 69–85.
Zorn, Roman J. “John Bright and the British Attitude to the American Civil War.” Mid-America 38 (July 1956): 131–45.
Gallas, Stanley. “Lord Lyons and the Civil War, 1859–1864: A British Perspective.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, 1982.
Vanauken, Sheldon. “English Sympathy for the South: The Glittering Illusion.” B.Litt. thesis, Oxford University, 1957.
Walker, Tillie. “The Confederate Steamer Alabama.” M.A. thesis, University of Alabama, 1938.
Wilkinson, Martha Allan. “The Public Career of James Dunwoody Bulloch.” M.A. thesis, University of Alabama, 1940.