1.Nangpa La was the site, in 2006, of a fatal shooting by Chinese border police of a seventeen-year-old nun attempting to escape with seventy-five unarmed Tibetans. According to reports, just more than half of these besieged refugees made their way safely across the border into Nepal and eventually to Dharamsala in northern India. Others were captured, imprisoned, and tortured.
2.According to a National Geographic report from Nepal in 2003, most Sherpas “seem able to blend the new with the old as easily as a farmer … at a tiny bar in the village of Beni; he was sipping alternatively from a tall bottle of Carslberg and from a shallow cup of chang, a thick, home-brewed beer.”
3.For the Dalai Lama’s explanation of the meaning of Om Mani Padme Hum, see http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/tibet-txt.htm. For a more general discussion, see also http://www.dharma-haven.org/tibetan/meaning-of-om-manipadme-hung.htm.
4.Sir Edmund Hillary, “My Story: Sir Edmund Remembers,” National Geographic, May 2003, 38–41.
5.Amy Blackwood, Katie Roeger, and Sarah L. Pettijohn, The Nonprofit Sector in Brief: Public Charities, Giving and Volunteering, 2012, National Center for Charitable Statistics, October 5, 2012, http://www.urban.org/publications/412674.html.
6.Sir Edmund Hillary, “My Story,” 38–40.
1.Sukey Lewis and Nausheen Husain, “Dalai Lama Visits East Bay, Gives Advice on Achieving Happiness,” Oakland North, February 24, 2014, https://oaklandnorth.net/2014/02/24/dalai-lama-visits-east-bay-gives-advice-on-achieving-happiness/.
2.John F. Avedon, In Exile from the Land of Snows: The Dalai Lama and Tibet since the Chinese Conquest (New York: HarperPerennial, 1994), paperback edition, 125.
3.During the Cold War, Fort Funston became a launch site for Nike missiles, their warheads aimed toward Russia, but for several decades now it has been a beautiful oceanside park. Hang gliders, dog walkers, and others love its stiff winds and spectacular views of the Pacific—a case of turning swords into parklands, not plowshares.
4.About four feet high, with a compact, muscular body and short, bony legs, the Tibetan pony is prized for its strength and stamina despite the thin mountain air. Tibetan ponies can keep a good pace over many miles and sometimes even gallop like the wind.
5.Edward Wong, “Buddhists, Reconstructing Sacred Tibetan Murals, Wield Their Brushes in Nepal,” The New York Times, February 24, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/world/asia/in-nepal-buddhists-reconstruct-tibetan-murals.html. Description of mandala concept is from this article. See also Prayag Raj Sharma, review of The Mollas of Mustang: Historical, Religious and Oratorical Traditions of the Nepalese-Tibetan Borderland by David P. Jackson, CNAS Journal 13, no. 3 (August 1985): 139.
6.American Himalayan Foundation, “Sharing the Skills of Tibetan Art,” Reports from the Field (blog), 2009, http://www.himalayanfoundation.org/projects/fieldreport/archives/113018.
7.John Sanday, “Restoring History,” in Richard C. Blum, Erica Stone, and Broughton Coburn, eds., Himalaya: Personal Stories of Grandeur, Challenge, and Hope (Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2006), 194–99.
8.Much of this material is borrowed from the transcript of Mustang: Journey of Transformation, a short film about the Mustang restorations produced for the American Himalayan Foundation in 2009.
9.Saransh Sehgal, “Labour of Love: The Villagers Restoring the Sacred, 15th-Century Art of Mustang’s Monasteries,” The Independent, November 4, 2013.
10.Edward Wong, “Buddhists, Reconstructing Sacred Tibetan Murals, Wield Their Brushes in Nepal,” The New York Times, February 24, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/world/asia/in-nepal-buddhists-reconstruct-tibetan-murals.html. Description of mandala concept is from this article.
11.Yangchen Gurung, a young cousin of Raja Jigme Bista, is one of the first Lobas ever to enroll in graduate studies in the United States. I first met Yangchen during the Tiji festival in LoMontang in the spring of 2014. As a young girl she had studied at the Himalayan International Model School in Kathmandu, a school founded in 1994 by monks who wished to pass along Tibetan Buddhist religious and cultural traditions to younger generations in Nepal. Yangchen had just received her bachelor’s degree in business management from the University of Minnesota. Five months later, sharing breakfast beneath the Palm Court’s towering ceiling at the Plaza Hotel in New York City, we celebrated her success and her dreams for the future. She was four weeks into a two-year master’s program in economic policy at Columbia University’s prestigious School of International and Public Affairs.
12.In the spring of 2014, on my annual trip to LoMontang, Crown Prince Jigme gave me a big hug and led our group through a festive receiving line with hundreds of people, leading directly to what once was the entrance of the Forbidden City of Lo. The gate there is only about ten feet wide. Inside you can see narrow cobblestone streets—too small and bumpy to drive a vehicle, but tolerable enough for slow-moving yaks hauling carts filled with grain and other food staples. There at the gate, the crown prince placed a stone bearing these words chiseled in English: In Honor of the Contribution of Richard Blum and the American Himalayan Foundation in helping to restore our gompas and revive our ancient culture—May 2014.
13.Maseeh Rahman, “Shepherd Leads Experts to Ancient Buddha Cave Paintings,” The Guardian, May 4, 2007.
1.Siddharth Kara, Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), 50.
2.The figures were 85 percent and 68 percent, respectively, for fiscal years 2013–14 and 2014–2015, according to Nepal’s National Human Rights Commission. The report, by the Commission’s Office of the Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Women and Children, was released in March 2016 and titled, “Trafficking in Persons: National Report 2013–2015,” http://www.nhrcnepal.org/nhrc_new/doc/newsletter/Trafficking_in_Persons_National_Report_2013-15.pdf; accessed April 27, 2016.
3.Kara, 79.
4.Vatican Radio, “UNICEF Reports 7,000 Nepali Women and Girls Trafficked to India Every year,” UN Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking, April 9, 2014, http://www.ungift.org/knowledgehub/en/stories/September2014/unicef-reports-7-000-nepali-women-and-girls-trafficked-to-india-every-year.html.
5.Jimmy Carter, A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014), 130.
6.Kara, 37–38.
7.Katherine Feinstein, “Introduction to Stop Girls Trafficking Evening,” American Himalayan Foundation event: Saving girls in the year of the earthquake, St. Regis Hotel, San Francisco, April 14, 2016.
8.World Health Organization, “World Health Statistics 2011” (Geneva: WHO Press, 2011), 96–97.
9.This Swiss humanitarian group is part of the ten-member Terre des hommes International Federation that helps defend and protect children from exploitation in sixty-five mainly poor countries.
10.In Nepal at the time, most hospitals were referred to as “nursing homes,” although elder care was not their primary function.
1.Jimmy Carter, An Outdoor Journal: Adventures and Reflections, 2nd ed. (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1994), 215.
2.Ibid., 219.
3.Norwegian Nobel Committee, “The Nobel Peace Prize for 2002,” press release, October 11, 2002, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2002/press.html.
4.“In Memoriam: Norman Borlaug, PhD,” The Carter Center, accessed January 21, 2015, http://www.cartercenter.org/news/experts/norman_borlaug.html. For excellent obituaries, see Justin Gillis, “Norman Borlaug, Plant Scientist Who Fought Famine, Dies at 95,” The New York Times, September 13, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/14/ business/energy-environment/14borlaug.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0, and The Economist, “Norman Borlaug, Feeder of the World, Died on September 12, Aged 95,” September 17, 2009, http://www.economist.com/node/14446742.
5.Diane Cole, “Watch Out, Guinea Worm, Here Comes Jimmy Carter,” NPR.org, January 13, 2015, http://ww.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/01/13/376966122/watch-out-guinea-worm-here-comes-jimmy-carter.
6.According to the International Monetary Fund, Nepal and Haiti ranked nineteenth and twentieth, respectively, on the list of the world’s poorest countries based on gross domestic product. The Dominican Republican was number 117.
7.Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, “Haiti Earthquake Response” (New York: Humanitarian Communication Group, 2011), http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/minustah/documents/ocha_haiti_one_year_factsheet.pdf.
8.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, “The Carter Center to Receive 2006 Gates Award for Global Health,” press release, accessed January 7, 2015, http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2006/05/2006-Gates-Award-for-Global-Health.
9.Jimmy Carter described his cancer condition and planned treatment, and responded to several questions from the news media, during a press conference at The Carter Center on August 20, 2015. Highlights and full video of the event are archived on The Carter Center website at http://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/carter-press-conference-082015.html.
10.The World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated in 1980, more than two years after the last naturally occurring case was reported in Somalia. As recently as the mid-1960s, before a global eradication campaign began, smallpox killed an estimated 1.5 million people a year in fifty countries. The disease killed more than three hundred million people in the twentieth century. See Center for Global Development, “Millions Saved, Case 1: Eradicating Smallpox,” accessed January 4, 2015, http://www.cgdev.org/page/case-1-eradicating-smallpox.
11.“The Carter Center at 30: Leader in Disease Eradication and Elimination,” The Carter Center, April 9, 2012, http://www.cartercenter.org/news/features/anniversary/30-leader-disease.html.
12.The Carter Center, “Carter Center Announces Only 22 People Had Guinea Worm Disease in 2015,” press release, January 7, 2016, http://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/guinea-worm-worldwide-cases-Jan2016.html.
13.The Carter Center, “Carter Center Welcomes Gates Foundation, UAE, CIFF Funding to Achieve Guinea Worm Eradication,” press release, January 30, 2012, http://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/gw-funding-gates-uae-ciff.html.
14.Jasmine Smith, “Jimmy Carter Tackles Trachoma,” The Borgen Project (blog), November 19, 2013, http://borgenproject.org/jimmy-carter-tackles-trachoma/. See also Rose Jacobs, “Environmental and Educational Efforts Lead Assault on Trachoma,” Financial Times, October 9, 2014, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/36f3aff0-279b-11e4-ae44-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3OLW1QxV7.
15.The Carter Center, “Lions Clubs International Foundation Announce Expanded Partnership to Pursue Elimination of Blinding Trachoma and River Blindness in Four African Countries,” press release, May 16, 2014, http://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/trachoma-rb-elimination-051614.html.
16.“The World’s Leading Cause of Preventable Blindness,” International Trachoma Initiative, accessed March 13, 2015, http://www.trachoma.org/about-trachoma.
17.Richard Fausset and Alan Blinder, “Ailing Jimmy Carter ‘at Ease With Whatever Comes.’” The New York Times, August 20, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/21/us/jimmy-carter-cancer-health.html?_r=0.
18.Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, “Remission of Jimmy Carter’s Melanoma Shows Potential of Immunotherapy for Fighting Cancer,” Insight: Information & Inspiration (blog), December 11, 2015, http://blog.dana-farber.org/insight/2015/12/remission-of-jimmy-carters-melanoma-shows-potential-of-immunotherapy-for-cancer/.
1.The Institute for European Studies for many years has operated as IES Abroad (http://www.iesabroad.org/). It works through two hundred colleges and universities in the United States, placing approximately six thousand students a year in thirty-five different global locations.
2.It was a tense summer for Moroccans. A few months after I visited Casablanca, Moroccan soldiers made several armed incursions southward into what then was known as Spanish West Africa. This area now is Western Sahara, controlled by Moroccans who themselves confront occasional violent clashes with an indigenous nomadic group, the Saharawi, that seeks its own independence.
3.The opening bell signaling the start of trading each day on the New York Stock Exchange was changed to 9:30 a.m. from 10:00 a.m. (Eastern time) in 1985. The trading day was extended to 4:00 p.m. from 3:30 p.m. (Eastern time) in 1974.
4.Here is the full quote as commonly attributed to Mark Twain: “If a cat sits on a hot stove, that cat won’t sit on a hot stove again. That cat won’t sit on a cold stove either. That cat just don’t like stoves.”
5.Human Rights Watch, “World Report 2013: Mali,” accessed March 15, 2016, http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/mali.
6.Jon Krakauer’s excellent account of the April 18, 2014, avalanche disaster on Everest, “Death and Anger on Everest,” was published online by New Yorker magazine three days after the event. See http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/death-and-anger-on-everest.
7.Paul Stanley Ward, “Edmund Hillary: King of the World,” NZEdge, June 2, 2000, accessed April 4, 2015, http://www.nzedge.com/legends/endurance/edmund-hillary/.
8.Gordon Fairclough, Raymond Zhong, and Krishna Pokharel, “Death at 19,000 Feet: Sherpas, Fate, and the Dangerous Business of Everest,” The Wall Street Journal, May 22, 2014, http://www.wsj.com/articles/sherpas-fate-and-the-dangerous-business-of-everest-1400780100. This is an excellent multimedia report on the Everest disaster in 2014.
9.Bikash Sangraula, “Sherpas Head Back to Everest, Leaving Bitter Protests Behind,” The Christian Science Monitor, March 2, 2015, http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2015/0302/Sherpas-head-back-to-Everest-leaving-bitter-protests-behind-video.
10.Grayson Schaffer, “The Disposable Man: A Western History of the Sherpa on Everest,” Outside magazine, August 2013: 64–71, 98–100, http://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/climbing/ mountaineering/Disposable-Man-History-of-the-Sherpa-on-Everest.html.
11.Krishnadev Calamur, “Who Are Nepal’s Sherpas?” NPR, April 22, 2014, http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/04/22/305954983/who-are-nepals-sherpas.
12.These points are noted in Norbu Tenzing’s excellent commentary a month after the April 2014 catastrophe. Norbu Tenzing Norgay, “Cloudy Days on Everest,” Outside magazine, May 29, 2014, http://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/the-current/events-expeditions/Cloudy-Days-on-Everest.html.
13.Frances B. Cogan, Captured: The Japanese Internment of American Civilians in the Philippines, 1941–1945 (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2000), 307.
14.Jon Krakauer, Three Cups of Deceipt: How Greg Mortensen, Humanitarian Hero, Lost His Way (New York: Anchor, 2011).
15.Peter Kerr, “Irvin Feld, 66, Circus Operator,” Obituaries, The New York Times, September 7, 1984.
16.Diana Lambdin Meyer, “The Family Behind Family Entertainment,” American Profile, October 1, 2009, http://americanprofile.com/articles/the-family-behind-family-entertainment/.
1.Linda Himelstein, “Reaping the Rewards of Friendly Persuasion,” BusinessWeek, May 19, 1996, http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/1996-05-19/reaping-the-rewards-of-friendly-persuasion.
2.S. C. Pepper, World Hypotheses: A Study in Evidence (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1942).
3.Sari Wahyuni and Luchien Kasten, “How Successful Will the KLM–Air France Partnership Become? Lessons Learned from the KLM–Northwest Alliance,” Problems and Perspective in Management 1 (2006): 111.
4.The director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory before joining the Obama administration in 2009, Steven Chu was the first scientist ever to hold a cabinet position. He returned to academia in 2013 as a professor with a joint appointment in Stanford’s physics department and medical school.
5.Bjorn Carey, “Q&A: Steven Chu on Returning to Stanford, His Time as US Energy Secretary,” Stanford Report, May 15, 2013.
6.Aniruddh Mohan, “The Time for a ‘New Deal’ for Climate Change Is Now,” PlanetPolicy: The Intersection of Energy and Climate Policy (blog), September 21, 2015, http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/planetpolicy/posts/2015/09/21-new-deal-climate-change-mohan.
7.Carey, “Q&A: Steven Chu on Returning to Stanford.”
8.Shawn Donnan, “Poverty: Vulnerable to Change,” The Big Read, Financial Times, September 23, 2015, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/f599b75c-6042-11e5-a28b-50226830d644.html#axzz3oJAudjbo.
1.His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Howard C. Cutler, MD, The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living (New York: Riverhead Books, 1998), 137, 142.
2.Andrew L. Yarrow, “Freedom Bank’s Failure Hits Harlem Like a Death in the Family,” The New York Times, November 12, 1990.
3.Michael Idov, “The Stench of ’89: The Last Great New York Recession Was Prolonged and Deep—and It Is Eerily Familiar,” New York Magazine, February 4, 2008.
4.Mark L. Clifford, “Banking’s Great Wall,” BusinessWeek, June 1, 2003, http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2003-06-01/bankings-great-wall.
5.Professor Keun S. Lee, “The Korean Crisis and the IMF Bailout” (Crisis in Asia: Analysis and Perspectives seminar, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, February 28, 1998), http://www.hofstra.edu/pdf/biz_MLC_Lee3.pdf.
6.“China’s patient crusader: Weijian Shan is fighting to make Chinese business more normal,” The Economist, May 12, 2005, http://www.economist.com/node/3960876.
7.Li Liming, Yanchun Wang, and Chaoge Shi, “Banking Tycoon Weijian Shan Enters the Chinese Banking Industry” (in Chinese), The Economic Observer, December 30, 2002, http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20021230/1114296285.shtml.
8.Stephanie Strom, “US Firm Has Control of Korea First Bank,” The New York Times, September 17, 1999, http://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/18/business/international-business-us-firm-has-control-of-korea-first-bank.html.
9.These and many other details noted in this section on China’s banking industry, Shenzhen’s condition in 2003, and difficulties Newbridge confronted after a year of negotiations to acquire Shenzhen are described in the Harvard Business School Case 210-020, “Shenzhen Development Bank,” by Li Jin, Yuhai Xuan, and Xiaobing Bai (Harvard Business School Publishing, revised March 2011, http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=37769).
10.Clifford, “Banking’s Great Wall.”
1.Western bureaucracies evolved in the nineteenth century to impose structure, stability, and consistency amid perceived chaos as organizations grew larger, especially in military and civic administration. Leaders of the first corporations to emerge in the twentieth century, such as Ford Motor and General Motors, borrowed heavily from the military in creating top-down, command-and-control organizations. German sociologist Max Weber identified benefits of bureaucratic principles in the 1920s, but also cautioned wisely against bureaucracy’s limits on individual freedoms and human progress.
2.Irvin Molotsky, “Joseph Alioto, 81, Dies; Antitrust Lawyer Was San Francisco’s Mayor in Boom Years,” The New York Times, January 30, 1999, http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/30/us/joseph-alioto-81-dies-antitrust-lawyer-was-san-francisco-s-mayor-in-boom-years.html.
3.John Burton’s brother, Phil, was a powerful congressman for two decades who nearly became House majority leader, losing by one vote in 1976 to Representative Jim Wright of Texas. Phil gerrymandered several California districts, including the one for John where I lived in Marin County, so they would be more favorable for Democrats. These and other details of Phil’s outsized life as a force in progressive politics are covered in the excellent biography by John Jacobs, A Rage for Justice: The Passion and Politics of Phil Burton (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996). For highlights of Phil Burton’s career, see also “Rep. Philip Burton, Democratic Liberal, Dies on Visit to California,” Obituaries, The New York Times, April 11, 1983, http://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/11/obituaries/ rep-phillip-burton-democratic-liberal-dies-on-visit-to-california.html.
4.David Talbot, Season of the Witch: Enchantment, Terror, and Deliverance in the City of Love (New York: Free Press, 2012), 257.
5.Dianne Feinstein et al., with Catherine Whitney, Nine and Counting: The Women of the Senate (New York: William Morrow, 2000).
6.Jerry Roberts, Dianne Feinstein: Never Let Them See You Cry (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1994), 35.
7.Ibid.
8.Thirty years later, Dianne talked publicly and at length with reporters about the assassinations. For a full account of that session with reporters, see Rachel Gordon, “Feinstein Recalls S.F.’s ‘Day of Infamy,’” San Francisco Chronicle, November 26, 2008. For a ten-minute video segment from that session, see “Dianne Feinstein on Moscone, Milk Deaths,” YouTube video, 9:59, from an interview conducted November 25, 2009, posted by SuchIsLifeVideos, July 19, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4051pdMlnQ.
9.Talbot, Season of the Witch, 339.
10.Ibid., 335.
1.University of California, “Statistical Summary of Students and Staff,” fall 2002, http://legacy-its.ucop.edu/uwnews/stat/statsum/fall2002/statsumm2002.pdf.
2.“Berkeley Ranked No. 1 Public University by US News,” UC Berkeley News Center, September 9, 2014, http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2014/09/09/berkeley-ranked-1-public-university-by-us-news/. See also “Best Global Universities Rankings,” US News & World Report, accessed May 6, 2015, http://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings.
3.After taking maternity leave for a few years, Betsy joined the American Himalayan Foundation as head of finance and budgeting. Her story is an example of a skilled executive with experience in business and academia shifting careers and further strengthening programs of a well-managed charitable organization.
4.Robert Birgeneau, “What the Energy Biosciences Institute Means for UC Berkeley—and the World,” Bear in Mind: Conversations with the Chancellor, March 2, 2007, http://www.berkeley.edu/news/chancellor/bim/mar07_transcript.shtml.
5.Financial assets in the Harvard Endowment were valued at $36.4 billion in 2014, according to Dan Fitzpatrick, “Harvard Endowment Earns 15.4% Return for 2014,” The Wall Street Journal, September 23, 2014, http://www.wsj.com/articles/harvard-endowment-earns-15-4-return-for-fiscal-2014-1411506002. The fund distributed $1.5 billion to research, professorship, and financial aid in the 2013 academic year, or approximately 5 percent of fund assets and one-third of the university’s annual operating budget. For more details on how the Harvard Endowment is managed and its role in supporting university programs, see http://www.harvard.edu/about-harvard/harvard-glance/endowment.
6.“UC Day 2015,” University of California, March 10, 2015, http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sites/default/files/ucday2015_economic_impact.pdf.
7.Nanette Asimov, “Mark Yudof, UC President, to Step Down,” San Francisco Chronicle, January 18, 2013, http://www.sfgate.com/education/article/Mark-yudof-UC-president-to-step-down-4206304.php.
1.Millions more Americans lost faith in President Lyndon Johnson’s conduct of the war a few months after my trip to Da Nang when, beginning January 30, 1968, forces of the North Vietnamese and Vietcong mounted the largest orchestrated attacks yet across South Vietnam. Known as the Tet Offensive, coinciding with the Vietnamese “Tet” New Year holiday, the attacks stunned both the US and South Vietnamese armies and the American people. Americans had been assured after a massive buildup of US troops in 1965 and 1966 that the enemy was not capable of executing such large-scale attacks against military and civilian command posts in South Vietnam. On March 31, 1968, with his credibility and popularity waning, President Johnson announced to the country at the end of a speech about the war that he would not seek reelection. See Walter F. Mondale, with David Hage, The Good Fight: A Life in Liberal Politics (New York: Scribner, 2010), 69–71.
2.Then an incipient civil rights and antiwar organization based in California, the Peace and Freedom Party is still active today, fielding candidates with a broad socialist agenda. I was audited regularly for many years by the Internal Revenue Service after filing my report. I was led to believe, but could never confirm, that my report and subsequent affiliation with the Peace and Freedom Party earned me a spot on Richard Nixon’s infamous “enemies list.” If I was on the list, I’m proud of it. In any event, it has been twenty-five years or more since I last was audited by the IRS.
3.“Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data,” United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2011, accessed March 21, 2016, http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/global.html.
4.Mondale and Hage, 6, 71.
5.“Walter F. Mondale, 42nd Vice President (1977–1981),” US Senate, accessed June 25, 2015, http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Walter_Mondale.htm.
6.Estimates of Vietnamese military and civilian deaths during the war vary. In 1995, the Hanoi government’s official report put civilian deaths at more than two million—four times higher than estimates by others outside Vietnam—and estimated that 1.1 million soldiers died in the war. Ku Bia, “How Many People died in the Vietnam War?” Vietnam War, April 11, 2014, http://thevietnamwar.info/how-many-people-died-in-the-vietnam-war/.
7.Mondale and Hage, 46.
8.Ingrid W. Reed, “The Life and Death of UDAG: An Assessment Based on Eight Projects in Five New Jersey Cities,” Publius: The Journal of Federalism, Oxford Journals, 19, no. 3 (1989): 93–109, http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/3/93.abstract. In her abstract of this academic report, the author writes, “The federal Urban Development Action Grant program, begun in 1977, provided $5 billion over eleven years revitalizing severely distressed urban places through the encouragement of private sector investment. Designed to assist commercial, industrial, and housing projects that ‘but for’ the federal grant would not be built, the program was characterized by a streamlined grant-making process administered by finance and development experts … During the Reagan years, the administration sought to end the program. Congress supported it, but reduced the funding each year” and shut down UDAG in 1988.
9.Martin Agronsky is widely credited with creating the format in broadcast news with prominent journalists reviewing and commenting on current events. His initial program, Agronsky & Company, began in 1969, and introduced the format as a program segment. A shorter-lived program, Agronsky at Large, used the format entirely. Earlier in his career Agronsky hosted the CBS Sunday public affairs program, Face the Nation, was a political correspondent for all three major commercial broadcast networks, and was honored with a George Foster Peabody Award in 1952 for first exposing in radio reports the excesses of Senator Joseph McCarthy in McCarthy’s pursuit of communist conspirators among government officials and private citizens. For highlights of Agronsky’s career, see “Martin Agronsky; Political Talk Show Host,” Obituaries, Washington Post, July 26, 1999, http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jul/26/news/mn-59706.
10.More details on Power Africa are available on the USAID program’s microsite at http://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica.
11.The first report of the President’s Global Development Council was published on April 14, 2014, two years after the council was established by the White House and four years after President Obama released his US Global Development Policy in 2010. See President’s Global Development Council, “Beyond Business as Usual,” April 14, 2014, http://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/gdc_memo_for_the_president_final.pdf. A second report was published the following year; see President’s Global Development Council, “Modernizing Development,” May 15, 2015, https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1872/GlobalDevelopmentCouncilReportModernizingDevelopment.pdf.
12.White House Fact Sheet, 2010, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2010/09/22/fact-sheet-us-global-development-policy.
13.Investor–philanthropist George Soros established the Open Society Foundations to help countries make the transition from communism to democracy. The Soros Foundation’s Open Society Foundations have supported grassroots efforts for self-determination and creation of a civil society in Ukraine since 1990. See https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/explainers/understanding-ukraine.
14.Reuters, “U.S. Takes Control of $480 Million Stolen by Nigerian Dictator Abacha,” August 14, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/07/us-usa-nigeria-assets-idUSKBN0G72BO20140807.
15.Jason Carter, also a Carter Center trustee, ran unsuccessfully for Georgia governor in 2014 against the Republican incumbent, Nathan Deal, receiving 45 percent of the vote. For Jason Carter’s postmortem on the defeat, see Greg Bluestein, “Jason Carter on a Potential Comeback: ‘I’m Not Ruling It Out,’” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, November 18, 2014, http://politics.blog.ajc.com/2014/11/18/jason-carter-on-a-potential-comeback-im-not-ruling-it-out/.
16.Obasanjo left office when his second term ended in 2007. Late in 2014, he was publicly critical of his successor as president, Goodluck Jonathan, accusing Jonathan of squandering billions in the government’s oil-revenue savings. See Dimeji Kayode-Adedej, “Obasanjo Attacks Jonathan Again, Accuses President of Squandering Oil Savings,” Premium Times, January 5, 2015, http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/174294-obasanjo-attacks-jonathan-accuses-president-squandering-oilsavings.html.
1.According to the first official census of the People’s Republic of China, in 2010, there were 2.7 million Tibetans living in all of China, and 1.2 million within Tibet.
2.See Tibet Support Group UK, “Chinese Presence in Tibet: Population Transfer,” Tibet Online, accessed March 21, 2016, http://www.tibet.org/Activism/Rights/poptransfer.html, and “Beijing Sends a New Flood of Han Migrants to Lhasa: Tibetans Risk Disappearing,” AsiaNews.it, January 27, 2015, http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Beijing-sends-a-new-flood-of-Han-migrantsto-Lhasa:-Tibetans-risk-disappearing-33294.html.
3.Walter F. Mondale, with David Hage, The Good Fight: A Life in Liberal Politics (New York: Scribner, 2010), 331.
4.Jorg Eigendorf, “The Dalai Lama Talks Chinese Reforms, Tibetan Challenges,” NPR, October 4, 2014, http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/10/04/353570578/the-dalai-lama-talks-chinese-reforms-tibetan-challenges.
5.“The Global Religious Landscape: Buddhists,” Pew Research Center, December 18, 2012, accessed June 29, 2015, http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-buddhist/. A study by the Pew Research Center estimated the total 2010 world population of Buddhists at 488 million—approximately 250 million of whom lived in China—based on 2010 census figures.
6.When Lodi Gyari stepped down as leader of the International Campaign for Tibet in 2014, he wrote an eloquent summation of the campaign’s work with leaders in Congress and the White House over the prior twenty-five years. Lodi graciously singled out Dianne and me for helping elevate the Tibetan cause beyond a human rights and humanitarian concern, which it absolutely is, to an important geopolitical issue. Lodi wrote, “Senator Dianne Feinstein and her husband, Richard Blum, deserve special mention. They were relentless in this endeavor and even made special trips to China carrying personal communications from His Holiness the Dalai Lama to President Jiang Zemin.” See Lodi Gyaltsen Gyari, “My Personal Words of Gratitude,” International Campaign for Tibet, December 31, 2014, http://www.savetibet.org/my-personal-words-of-gratitude/#sthash.8fAEo3bl.dpuf.
7.Barry Naughton, “Zhu Rongji: The Twilight of a Brilliant Career,” China Leadership Monitor (Winter 2002) no. 1, http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/clm1_BN.pdf.
8.Henry Kissinger, On China (New York: Penguin Books, 2001), 447.
9.When I introduce His Holiness at speaking engagements, I often say, “We know who His Holiness was in his last life. He was the Thirteenth Dalai Lama. What we don’t know is who I was in my last life. I must have done something really terrible to be reincarnated as an investment banker.”
10.Susan Begley, “Scans of Monks’ Brains Show Meditation Alters Structure, Functioning,” The Wall Street Journal, November 5, 2004, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109959818932165108.
11.A. Tom Grunfeld, The Making of Modern Tibet (New York: Routledge, 1996), Kindle edition, location 5909.
12.“Son of Purged Reformer Zhao Ziyang Tells of China’s ‘Shame’, 25 years after Tiananmen,” South China Morning Post, May 19, 2014, http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1515862/son-purged-liberal-leader-zhao-ziyang-tells-chinas-shame-25-years-after?page=all.
13.“The Golden Urn: Even China Accepts That Only the Dalai Lama Can Legitimize Its Rule in Tibet,” Banyan column, The Economist, March 19, 2015, http://www.economist.com/news/china/21646795-even-china-accepts-only-dalai-lama-canlegitimise-its-rule-tibet-golden-urn.
14.Reuters, “China Calls on Dalai Lama to ‘Put Aside Illusions’ about Talks,” April 15, 2015, http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/15/us-china-tibet-idUSKBN0N608720150415.
15.Brian Knowlton, “Bush and Congress Honor Dalai Lama,” The New York Times, October 18, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/18/washington/18lama.html.
16.“Congress Awards the Congressional Gold Medal to His Holiness, the Dalai Lama,” website of Dianne Feinstein, United States Senator for California, October 17, 2007, http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=af6d24ef-ff69-4302-ebc1-e74997171713.
17.Eigendorf, “The Dalai Lama Talks Chinese Reforms.”
1.Bill Clinton, Forrestal Lecture Series, US Naval Academy, April 8, 2014, in William Jefferson Clinton, Select Remarks: 2014 (New York: The Clinton Foundation, 2014), 20.
2.For full data on income and poverty in the United States, see www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/.
3.UNICEF, “Innocenti Report Card 12, Children of the Recession: The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Child Well-Being in Rich Countries,” October 2014, www.unicef-irc.org/publications/733.
4.Most material in a 2013 documentary narrated by Bob Reich, Inequality for All, is drawn from Bob’s Wealth and Poverty lectures and his thirteenth book, Beyond Outrage: What Has Gone Wrong with Our Economy and Our Democracy, and How to Fix It.
5.Emmanuel Saez, a UC Berkeley economics professor who tracks income distribution in the United States, reported in his white paper “Striking It Richer: The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States (Updated with 2014 Preliminary Estimates)” (June 25, 2015, http://eml.berkeley.edu/~saez/saez-UStopincomes-2014.pdf) that a “significant fraction of the surge” in incomes of the top 1 percentile of wage earners since 1970 “is due to an explosion of top wages and salaries” for that segment. The top 1 percentile earned 12.4 percent of total wages and salaries paid in the United States in 2007, up from 5.1 percent in 1970.
6.Robert Reich, “Why College Is Necessary but Gets You Nowhere,” Huffington Post, November 24, 2014, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-reich/why-college-isnecessary_b_6215668.html?utm_hp_ref=email_share.
7.The alliance in Vietnam, known as the Vietnam National Tuberculosis Control Programme, featured world-class medical scientists from UC San Francisco’s biomedical research campus, the US Agency for International Development, and the World Health Organization, among several other organizations. For more details on CellScope, see Tamara Straus, “A Device That Could Change Healthcare,” accessed March 22, 2016, http://blumcenter.berkeley.edu/news-posts/a-device-that-could-change-healthcare/.
8.This excerpt from Anh-Thi Le’s essay is adapted with permission.
9.The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says hepatitis E, a liver disease, “is widespread in the developing world, with major epidemics reported in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Central America. People living in refugee camps or overcrowded temporary housing after natural disasters can be particularly at risk.” Inadequate water supply and sanitation often are reasons for outbreaks. For more information, see “Viral Hepatitis—Hepatitis E Information,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, accessed December 23, 2014, http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HEV/HEVfaq.htm.
10.Dr. Rajiv Shah, “Remarks … at the University of California Berkeley,” US Agency for International Development, October 10, 2012, https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/speeches/remarks-usaid-administrator-rajiv-shah-university-california-berkeley.
11.Lina Nilsson, “How to Attract Female Engineers,” The New York Times, April 27, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/27/opinion/how-to-attract-female-engineers.html?_r=0.
1.“My Vote Today Wins ‘Art of Start’ Pitch Session at LetsIgnite 2016,” Inc42, March 11, 2016, accessed April 3, 2016, http://inc42.com/buzz/my-vote-today-wins-art-of-start-pitch-session-at-letsignite-2016/.
2.J. Vignesh, “How Citizengage Is Engaging Citizens to Make Bengaluru Cleaner,” Economic Times, March 18, 2016, accessed April 3, 2016, http://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/startups/how-citizengage-is-engaging-citizens-to-make-bengaluru-cleaner/51451158.
3.Thomas L. Friedman, “When E.T. and I.T. Meet ID,” The New York Times, February 12, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/13/opinion/friedman-when-et-and-it-meet-id.html Accessed December 12, 2014.
4.Lauren Herman’s manual is available at http://www.microfinancegateway.org/library/my-guide-microfinace-lending, the website of Microfinance Gateway (part of the World Bank’s Consultative Group to Assist the Poor) and at http://www.smartcampaign.org/, the website of The Smart Campaign (part of ACCION International, a global nonprofit organization that for more than fifty years has supported microfinance institutions in providing financial services to low-income clients).
1.Bill Clinton, Forrestal Lecture, US Naval Academy, April 8, 2014, published in William Jefferson Clinton, Select Remarks: 2014 (New York: The Clinton Foundation, 2014), 20.