The names of these newspapers have been abbreviated:
Chicago Daily News = CDN
Chicago Daily Tribune = CDT
Emporia Daily News = EDN
Emporia Daily Republican = EDR
New Orleans Daily Picayune = NODP
New Orleans Mascot = NOM
New Orleans Times-Democrat = NOTD
New York Times = NYT
The names of all other newspapers are spelled out in full.
Money value equivalencies have been provided by Lawrence H. Officer and Samuel H. Williamson, “Purchasing Power of Money in the United States from 1774 to 2008,” at MeasuringWorth.com (2009), http://www.measuringworth.com/ppowerus/. Money values denoted as “today” are those for 2008.
1. Minnie’s physical attributes were a constant fixture in all the newspapers, with the only variable being the color of her eyes: sometimes black, sometimes gray, sometimes green. They were probably hazel.
2. “The Walkup Case,” NOTD, Oct. 30, 1885.
3. Al Rose, Storyville, New Orleans: Being an Authentic, Illustrated Account of the Notorious Red-Light District (Tuscaloosa: Univ. of Alabama Press, 1974), 125–26.
4. Articles on this event can be found in a special edition of the NOM, dedicated completely to the shooting, published on January 14, 1885. This was a weekly paper, and its normal publication would not be until that Saturday, January 17. The January 17 issue has an elaborate diagram of the shooting scene. Less hysterical and more informative articles were published in the NODP (“Sharp Shooting,” Jan. 13, 1885, and “The Mascot Case,” Jan. 14, 1885).
5. What a pleasant surprise it was to encounter Jones, an “old friend” first met in the pages of Robert Manson Myers’s epistolary work, The Children of Pride: A True Story of Georgia and the Civil War (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1972). The collected letters of the Reverend Charles Colcock Jones family from before, during, and after the Civil War are a wonderful window into the past and an insight into how southerners felt about those issues.
6. “The Obituary Record,” NYT, Jan. 30, 1894.
7. “Chivalrous Southrons,” NYT, June 8, 1882; “Assassinated at the Polls,” NYT, Dec. 15, 1883; “The New-Orleans Affray,” NYT, Dec. 17, 1883; “The Wrong Man Indicted,” NYT, Feb. 16, 1884.
8. “Political All Saints’ Day, A.D. 1909; Or, Twenty-Five Years Hence,” NOM, Nov. 1, 1884.
9. “Editorial,” NOM, Jan. 14, 1885.
10. “Letters from the People,” NOM, Jan. 17, 1885; “The Mascot’s Mission,” NOM, Jan. 24, 1885.
11. Information about the Wallaces comes from Vital Records, the testimony of Minnie, her mother, Willie Willis, and information provided to NOM by James Wallace (see “The Emporia Sensation,” NOM, Aug. 29, 1885). The only reference to a possible murder in the Wallace boardinghouse comes in a letter from Mattie Walkup Hood to her father after he married Minnie (see chapter 3, page 22), but there was never any proof it had ever occurred. It is possible that Mrs. Hood confused the Mascot shooting with a murder in the boardinghouse.
12. “Minnie’s History,” CDT, Sept. 20, 1885.
13. Rose, Storyville, New Orleans, 100–102.
14. Given the subsequent experiences of her sister, Minnie, it would seem that Dora would also have set her sights on someone of loftier status than a somewhat impoverished portrait painter. However, if she found herself pregnant, she may have had to settle for Edward Findlay in order to get out of her predicament. This, of course, assumes that Findlay was not the father of this child.
15. Herbert S. Fairall, The World’s Industrial and Cotton Exposition, New Orleans, 1884–1885 (Iowa City: N.p., 1885), quoted in “New Orleans: Gateway to the Americas—Cotton Exposition, 1884,” New Orleans Public Library Web site, http://nutrias.org/~nopl/exhibits/gateway/1884.htm.
16. Kenneth R. Speth, “The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition,” Kenblog, Nov. 17, 2008, http://expoguy2.blogspot.com/2008/11/new-orleans-exposition-of-1885.html.
1. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 21, 28, 1885 (same title both days); Dr. Filkins of Emporia stated that he had never seen Walkup when he was not “more or less under the influence.”
2. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 28, 29, 1885. There were other physicians who testified that Walkup had syphilis, but these were all from outside Emporia and it was believed at the time that they had been bribed by the defense. The Emporia doctors seemed more legitimate, especially as they had not come forward on their own and only revealed their information reluctantly.
3. “Court Notes,” EDN, Oct. 23, 1885; “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 27, 1885.
4. Biographical facts about J. R. Walkup are from “J. R. Walkup Dead,” EDR, Aug. 23, 1885.
5. Elizabeth Wallace told a reporter in New Orleans that the talk in Emporia was that Walkup’s second wife was very ill-used (“Minnie Wallace’s Mother,” NODP, Sept. 8, 1885). As she tended to exaggerate quite a bit, her statements are often suspect. However, Walkup’s daughter Mattie said the same thing in her letter to him and stated that everyone in Emporia knew it to be true (“The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 31, 1885).
6. This is supposition on my part, based on what was revealed about Walkup’s personality and habits, and on Eben Baldwin’s testimony that Walkup was spending a lot of time in these brothels. Baldwin said he himself was at the fair every day, which suggests that Walkup was not.
7. Information about the trip to New Orleans is from Eben Baldwin’s testimony: “Walkup’s Wife,” EDR, Sept. 1, 1885; “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 21, 27, 1885. The defense would later contend that Walkup was both an arsenic eater and syphilitic and that the medicine purchased on the trip was some form of arsenic to cure the syphilis. As it turned out (see chapter 6, pages 69–70), it was not, although its true nature was never stated.
8. Anthony L. Komaroff, ed., Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999), 818–20.
9. Eben Baldwin testified as to the unsuitability of the lodging house. Information about Walkup’s stay at the Wallaces’ is from Baldwin’s testimony (see note 7 and “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 27, 1885) and from that of Minnie and her mother (“The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 30, 31, 1885).
10. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 31, 1885 (emphasis in original).
11. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Nov. 3, 1885. Minnie later claimed that she had already consented to marry Walkup before going to Emporia because it made her seem less of a gold digger, but Walkup’s letter to Edward Findlay put the lie to that.
1. “The Emporia Sensation,” Mascot, Aug. 29, 1885.
2. “Calvin Hood” [obituary], Emporia Gazette, Feb. 4, 1910.
3. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 31, 1885.
4. “Walkup’s Marriage in Covington, Ky.,” EDR, Aug. 27, 1885.
5. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 31, 1885.
6. “Not Guilty,” EDR, Sept. 2, 1885.
7. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 21, 1885.
8. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 27, 1885.
9. “Accused of Murder,” NOTD, Aug. 23, 1885, and “Minnie Wallace,” NOTD, Aug. 25, 1885.
10. “Letters Written by Mr. Walkup,” EDN, Oct. 29, 1885.
11. “Her Face Her Fortune,” EDN, Nov. 10, 1885.
12. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 21, 1885.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid. Libbie said that Mattie told her about the boxes being shipped out, but Mattie was in Colorado at the time, so I assume that the neighborhood women were the source of this information—especially since they spent a lot of time watching Minnie.
15. Ibid., also “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 21, 26, 1885.
1. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 29, 1885 (emphasis added).
2. Minnie’s drugstore encounters were covered in the testimony of the druggists at the inquest (“J. R. Walkup Dead,” EDR, Aug. 23, 1885) and at the trial (“The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 21, 22, 1885).
3. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 30, 1885.
4. Dr. Jacobs’s care of James Walkup is covered in his testimony at the inquest (“The Walkup Case,” EDR, Aug. 25, 1885, “Poisoned,” EDR, Aug. 28, 1885) and at the trial (“The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 21, 23, 1885).
5. Dr. Jacobs’s biographical information is from William G. Cutler’s History of the State of Kansas (Chicago: A. T. Andreas, 1883).
6. The “butter” incident is from Mary Moss’s testimony at the inquest (“The Inquest,” EDR, Aug. 27, 1885) and at the trial (“The Walkup Case,” Oct. 21, 1885). The contents of the note sent by Minnie to Moses Bates are in “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 21, 1885.
7. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 21, 22, 1885. Neighbors Julia Sommers and Sallie McKinney always seemed to be chatting together, sometimes joined by Carrie Roberts, who lived across the street from the Walkups. Carrie saw Minnie change quickly into her street clothes and back again to the Mother Hubbard, obviously watching her from her own window.
8. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 22, 1885.
9. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 24, 1885.
10. “Minnie Wallace,” NODP, Aug. 25, 1885, and “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 14, 1885.
11. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 22, 1885.
12. Ibid.
13. The oysters and pop testimony is from Mary Moss (“The Inquest,” EDR, Aug. 27, 1885, and “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 21, 1885). Willie’s comments are from “Points on Poison,” EDR, Aug. 29, 1885.
14. Libbie’s comment about the cloaks and also the story of the fire in her bedroom are from her testimony (“The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 21, 1885).
15. “J. R. Walkup Dead,” EDR, Aug. 2, 3, 1885; “The Inquest,” EDR, Aug. 27, 1885; “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 21, 1885. Mary said that after Minnie and James returned from their wedding, while Libbie was home, she normally slept next door at the Sommers’; they had an African American maid she was very friendly with. However, this leaves open the question of where she slept before the marriage—possibly on the cot downstairs now occupied by Willie, possibly in Libbie’s bedroom (although she said she did not), or possibly those stories of her being James Walkup’s mistress were true.
16. Testimony about the last day of James Walkup’s life, Minnie’s explanation about the poison purchases, and her spilling of the arsenic are from Dwight Bill, Libbie Walkup, Luther Severy, William Ireland, and Dr. Jacobs (“J. R. Walkup Dead,” EDR, Aug. 23, 1885; “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Aug. 25, Oct. 22, 1885; “Points on Poison,” EDR, Aug. 29, 1885; “Walkup’s Wife,” EDR, Sept. 1, 1885).
17. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Nov. 4, 1885.
18. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 30, 31, 1885.
19. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 22, 1885.
1. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 26, 1885. This reporter had no byline or any identifying information. However, since his coverage of the case was so important and his personality so engaging, I felt he needed a name, so I have given him this one (my brother-in-law’s). His nonstop energy and enthusiasm, plus his having to stay in Emporia for almost three months, made me think he was young and unmarried; his editor would probably not send an older family man so far away for such a prolonged stay.
2. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 14, 1885.
3. “Her Face Her Fortune,” EDN, Nov. 10, 1885.
4. “The Walkup Case,” NOTD, Aug. 25, 1885; “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Aug. 25, Oct. 30, 1885; “Mrs. Walkup,” NYT, Sept. 13, 1885; “In Rebuttal,” EDN, Oct. 31, 1885; “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Nov. 1, 1885; “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 22, 1885.
5. “Minnie Wallace,” NODP, Aug. 25, 1885.
6. “The Walkup Case,” NOTD, Aug. 28, 1885; “Emporia,” NODP, Sept. 8, 1885.
7. “Her Face Her Fortune,” EDN, Nov. 10, 1885.
8. “J. R. Walkup Dead,” EDR, Aug. 23, 1885.
9. “The Emporia Sensation,” NOM, Aug. 29, 1885. Because of the scandalous and libelous nature of this article, the EDR and other newspapers refused to print it. See “Opinion,” EDR, Sept. 1, 1885.
10. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 30, 1885, and also the same title in NOTD, Oct. 30, 1885.
11. “Accused of Murder,” NOTD, Aug. 23, 1885.
12. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Aug. 25, 1885; “Minnie Wallace,” NODP, Aug. 25, 1885.
13. “The Walkup Case,” NOTD, Aug. 25, 1885; “The Funeral,” EDR, Aug. 25, 1885.
14. “The Funeral,” EDR, Aug. 25, 1885; “Emporia,” NODP, Sept. 8, 1885.
15. “Taking Testimony,” EDR, Aug. 26, 1885; “The Walkup Case,” NOTD, Aug. 26, 1885.
16. The inquest testimony can be found in EDR and EDN from Aug. 23 to Sept. 1, 1885.
17. Squibb was a highly successful and respected manufacturer of pharmaceuticals. Today his accomplishment is reflected in the name of the Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Those interested in the bismuth-arsenic controversy from the New Orleans point of view can find it in “The Walkup Case,” NOTD, Aug. 28, 1885; “Was It the Bismuth?” NOTD, Aug. 29, 1885; and “The Bismuth Theory,” NOTD, Aug. 30, 1885.
18. “The Walkup Poisoning,” EDR, Sept. 5, 1885; “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 28, 1885.
19. William W. Scott’s biography can be found in Cutler, History of the State of Kansas.
20. “What W. W. Scott Says,” EDN, Sept. 7, 1885.
21. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 28, 1885; Philippa Martyr, “When Doctors Fail: Ludwig Bruck’s List of Unregistered Practitioners: A Complete List of all the Medical Colleges of America That Are Not Recognized in the United States” (1886), Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History, 1997, http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/articles/bruck.htm.
22. “Emporia,” NODP, Sept. 8, 1885.
23. “Walkup’s Wife,” EDR, Sept. 1, 1885; “Walkup Trial,” EDN, Oct. 22, 1885; “Still in the Meshes,” EDN, Oct. 23, 1885; “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 23, 1885.
24. “Minnie Wallace,” NODP, Sept. 20, 1885.
25. “Mrs. Walkup,” Winfield (Kans.) Courier, Sept. 3, 1885.
26. “The Kansas City Theory,” EDN, Sept. 5, 1885.
27. Cutler, History of the State of Kansas; “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 29, 1885.
28. “Fair Play,” EDN, Oct. 20, 1885.
29. “Her Face Her Fortune,” EDN, Nov. 10, 1885.
30. “The Walkup Case,” EDN, Sept. 8, 1885.
31. “The Walkup Case,” NOTD, Aug. 31, 1885; “Emporia,” NODP, Sept. 1, 1885; “Not Guilty,” EDR, Sept. 2, 1885; “Mrs. Walkup’s Trial,” Boston Daily Globe, Nov. 16, 1885.
32. “Not Guilty,” EDR, Sept. 2, 1885.
33. “The Walkup Case,” NOTD, Nov. 2, 1885.
34. “Minnie Wallace,” NODP, Sept. 20, 1885. Information about the baby’s middle name comes from her birth certificate (New Orleans Vital Statistics), which was, interestingly, not recorded until 1890 . . . and by Minnie Walkup. It is possible that Edward Findlay was dead by then (see chapter 10, page 123).
35. “Fair Play,” EDN, Oct. 20, 1885, and “Walkup’s Widow,” EDR, Oct. 20, 1885. In the 1900 census, Minnie declared she had no children born to her. As there were never any children mentioned throughout her escapades, I assume she never had any, especially as motherhood and its responsibilities would not have suited her lifestyle.
36. “Minnie Wallace’s Mother,” NODP, Sept. 8, 1885. For the true Major Hood story, see “The Walkup Case,” NOTD, Aug. 30, 1885.
37. “Minnie Wallace,” NODP, Sept. 20, 1885.
38. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 14, 1885.
39. “Minnie Wallace,” NODP, Sept. 20, 1885.
1. Unless otherwise indicated, facts herein come from “Court Notes,” little vignettes of courtroom activity and behavior that were printed at the end of each article about the trial in both EDR and EDN. These, along with the observations of the “Bill Greer” reporter for the NODP, provide the best information and insight into public reaction to the testimony. Without a doubt, the two most predominant themes in “Court Notes” were the constant disruptive behavior of children and the unseemly presence of women at the trial. The former issue was brought up almost every day.
2. “A Case of False Pretenses,” EDN, Oct. 28, 1885.
3. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 24, 26, 1885.
4. Ibid.
5. Cutler, History of the State of Kansas; “Emporia,” NODP, Oct. 19, 1885.
6. Cutler, History of the State of Kansas.
7. “Calvin Hood,” Emporia Gazette, Feb. 4, 1910; “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Nov. 3, 1885; “Court Notes,” EDR, Oct. 23, 1885.
8. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 25, 1885.
9. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 14, 1885; “Court Notes,” EDN, Oct. 20, 1885.
10. Unless otherwise indicated, information on jury selection is in articles titled“The Walkup Case” in both EDR and EDN Oct. 19, 20, 1885.
11. “The Walkup Case,” NOTD, Nov. 2, 1885.
12. Unless otherwise indicated, the prosecution’s case can be found in EDR, Oct. 21–25, 1885, and in EDN, Oct. 20–24, 1885. In addition, other newspapers covered it with varying degrees of thoroughness for those dates.
13. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 28, 1885.
14. The information in this section is a composite of two separate Sunday reports done by this reporter, at “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 26, Nov. 2, 1885.
15. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 26, 1885.
16. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Nov. 1, 1885.
17. “Court Notes,” EDN, Oct. 20, 1885. It cannot be overemphasized how important it is to have an actual transcript. Summaries only give the highlights of a witness’s testimony. They do not show hesitancies, contradictions, testiness, defensiveness, sarcasm, arrogance, sincerity—all of which go toward evaluating the reliability of the witness. Unfortunately, despite its good intentions, the EDR was unable to come through with complete verbatim testimony for every witness and for the closing arguments. The newspaper, the district court, and the local historical society all have no copies.
1. Unless otherwise indicated, the information in this chapter is contained in EDR, Oct. 27–Nov. 1, 1885; EDN, Oct. 2631, 1885; and NODP, Oct. 26–Nov. 1, 1885. For coverage of the “smut” testimony, see “Smut!” EDN, Oct. 27, 1885, and “The Walkup Trial,” NOTD, Oct. 28, 1885.
2. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 27, 28, 1885, and “Court Notes,” EDR, Oct. 27, 1885. For reports of Frankie Morris’s crime, see, for example, “Accused of Matricide,” NYT, July 6, 1885; “Frankie Morris Found Guilty,” Arkansas City Republican, Aug. 15, 1885; “To Look Again for Poison,” NYT, Aug. 30, 1885; “The Morris Poisoning Again,” Winfield (Kans.) Courier, Sept. 3, 1885; and “The Chanute Case,” Arkansas City Republican,” Sept. 19, 1885. Frankie’s case was ultimately dismissed for lack of sufficient evidence.
3. “Untitled,” Winfield (Kans.) Courier, Dec. 24, 1885.
4. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Oct. 27, 1885.
5. “A Steamer Sunk,” NYT, Jan. 13, 1883; “Two Negligent River Pilots,” NYT, Feb. 13, 1883; “Who Is Morton?” NODP, Oct. 28, 31, 1885.
6. “Personal Mention,” EDN, Nov. 5, 1885.
7. “Experience of Ladies Attending the Walkup Trial,” EDN, Oct. 29, 1885.
8. “Mrs. Walkup’s Behavior,” EDN, Nov. 18, 1885.
9. “Voice of the Press,” EDN, Nov. 9, 1885.
1. The verbatim report of Elizabeth Wallace’s testimony is in “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 30, 1885.
2. The verbatim report of Minnie Walkup’s direct examination is in “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct. 30, 1885.
3. Fred E. Inbau et al., Criminal Interrogations and Confessions, 4th ed. (Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen, 2001), 136–37.
4. The verbatim report of Minnie Walkup’s cross-examination is in “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Oct 30.–Nov. 1, 1885.
5. “Mrs. Walkup’s Trial,” Boston Daily Globe, Nov. 16, 1885.
6. Rebuttal testimony for both sides can be found in “In Rebuttal,” EDN, Oct. 31, 1885, and “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Nov. 1, 1885.
1. “The Walkup Case,” NOTD, Nov. 2, 1885.
2. Ibid.
3. “To Improve Their Complexion,” EDN, Nov. 12, 1885.
4. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Nov. 2, 1885.
5. For a complete report on the Vinegar case, see Cindy Schott and Kathy Schott Gates, Boys, Let Me Down Easy (Lawrence, Kans.: Allen Press, 2005).
6. “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Nov. 3, 1885.
7. “Minnie Wallace Walkup,” NODP, Nov. 3, 1885; “Her Face Her Fortune,” EDN, Nov. 10, 1885.
8. EDR covered the closing arguments nearly verbatim (with significant omissions) from Nov. 3–8, 1885, then gave it up because by then the trial was over and Miss Lane’s illness was preventing the newspaper from getting complete transcripts.
9. Jury deliberation is covered in EDN, Nov. 4, 5, 1885; NOTD, Nov. 5, 6, 1885; and EDR, Nov. 5, 6, 1885.
10. “Mrs. Walkup’s Trial,” Boston Daily Globe, Nov. 16, 1885.
11. Articles about the verdict can be found in “Mrs. Walkup Acquitted,” NODP, Nov. 7, 1885; “The Walkup Case,” EDR, Nov. 6, 7, 1885; “Her Face Her Fortune,” EDN, Nov. 10, 1885; and “Mrs. Walkup’s Behavior,” EDN, Nov. 18, 1885.
12. Reactions to Mr. Jay’s party can be found in “Mrs. Walkup Acquitted,” NODP, Nov. 7, 1885; “After the Verdict,” EDN, Nov. 7, 1885; and “Her Face Her Fortune,” EDN, Nov. 10, 1885.
13. “Dropped Dead,” EDN, Nov. 11, 1885; “Michael Myers,” EDN, Nov. 12, 1885.
1. “Mrs. Walkup’s Behavior,” EDN, Nov. 18, 1885.
2. “Arrival of Mr. Finley [sic], Minnie Wallace Walkup’s Brother-in-Law,” NODP, Nov. 9, 1885.
3. “Minnie Walkup’s Return,” NODP, Nov. 16, 1885.
4. Minnie Wallace Walkup Ketcham, “The Story of a Woman with a Past,” CDT, Dec. 26, 1897. In 1881 circus promoter Adam Forepaugh held a “$10,000 Beauty” contest, the winner of which would receive the eponymous amount of money and tour with his circus. The contest, thought to be the first American beauty pageant, was won by Louise Montague. Thereafter, the phrase came to connote any high-priced and valued commodity, even baseball players. See“Circus: Adam Forepaugh Circus, 1867–1894,” The Circus in America: 1793–1940, http://www.circusinamerica.org/public/corporate_bodies/public_show/4; and “Adam Forepaugh,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/adam-forepaugh.
5. “Her Life an Eventful One,” CDN, Nov. 15, 1897.
6. “A Remarkable Interview,” EDN, Nov. 23, 1885.
7. “Untitled,” Barber County (Kans.) Union, Dec. 11, 1885. The “dime museum” was a nineteenth-century craze, capitalized on by P. T. Barnum. These museums, which could be part of a traveling circus or carnival, or housed in a building within a city, consisted of man-made oddities and freaks of nature. They provided a wide variety of entertaining exhibits for the admission price of a dime. See Andrea Stulman Dennett, Weird and Wonderful: The Dime Museum in America (New York: New York Univ. Press, 1997).
8. Biographical information on William Pitt Kellogg can be found in James Grant Wilson and John Fiske, “William Pitt Kellogg,” in Appleton’s Cyclopedia of American Biography, 1887-1889 (Detroit: Gale, 1968). For details about their traveling together, see “Senator Kellogg and Mrs. Walkup,” Brooklyn Eagle, Nov. 26, 1886; “Untitled,” Atchison (Kans.) Daily Globe, Nov. 29, Dec. 3, 1886; “Un-titled,” Emporia Daily Globe, Nov. 30, 1886; and “Why Get Excited,” Emporia Daily Globe, Dec. 3, 1886.
9. “Walkup’s Widow,” EDR, Dec. 20, 1885; “The Depositions,” EDN, Dec. 21, 1885; “More of the Walkup Sensation,” Emporia Democrat, Dec. 23, 1885; “Says It Is Blackmail,” Emporia Democrat, Dec. 23, 1885; “Walkup’s Heir,” Winfield (Kans.) Courier, Dec. 24, 1885.
10. Inbau et al., Criminal Interrogations and Confessions, 136.
11. “An Unpleasant Duty,” EDR, Dec. 20, 1885; “Minnie Again,” EDN, Dec. 21, 1885.
12. New Orleans City Directories, 1890–1891; Birth Certificates from New Orleans Vital Statistics; Dora Kirby Findlay declares herself a widow in the federal census in 1900.
13. “Much Mystery about Her,” CDN, Nov. 16, 1897.
14. “To Go to Coroner,” CDT, Nov. 16, 1897.
15. “Keller, the Butler, Gone,” CDN, Nov. 17, 1897.
16. In the 1900 federal census, Dora Kirby Findlay declared that she had borne six children and that only two were living at that time.
17. Death certificate for William D. Willis, New Orleans Vital Statistics.
18. “Untitled,” Arkansas City Republican, Oct. 16, 1886.
19. “Death Reveals a Coincidence,” CDT, Aug. 18, 1898.
1. Julie K. Rose, “A History of the World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893,” http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma96/WCE/history.html (1996).
2. This is the address given in the death certificate of Elizabeth Wallace, from Cook County Vital Statistics.
3. Peter C. Baldwin, “Vice Districts,” Encyclopedia of Chicago, 2005, http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1304.html.
4. Timothy Gilfoyle, “If Christ Came to Chicago,” Encyclopedia of Chicago, http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/624.html.
5. Troy Taylor, “Bath House John, Hinky Dink & Others,” Weird and Haunted Chicago, 2003, http://www.prairieghosts.com/graft.html. For a wonderful look at the inner workings of the Levee in the early 1900s, particularly the most famous brothel (the Everleigh Club), see Karen Abbott, Sin in the Second City: Madams, Ministers, Playboys, and the Battle for America’s Soul (New York: Random House, 2007).
6. “Writ Ends a Gay Time,” CDT, Aug. 30, 1902.
7. “Few South Side Saloons Are Open after Midnight,” CDT, June 13, 1903.
8. The Firehouse Restaurant has the same address, but it is possible that it is not at the same location as Minnie’s apartment building; the City of Chicago renumbered its streets around 1901.
9. Federal census for New Orleans, 1870 and 1880; federal census for Chicago, 1910; federal census for New York City, 1930; Passport applications of U.S. Citizens, posted on Ancestry.com; ship’s register for the SS Berengaria, 1922; Families of Louis Adrian [sic] Guillemet, posted on Ancestry.com; Josephine Moffitt’s testimony in the Moffitt v. Pike case.
10. Information on Josephine Moffitt comes from her direct and cross-examination in the Moffitt v. Pike case (“W. W. Pike Suit Is Begun: Jury Is Dispensed With,” CDT, Nov. 12, 1902; “Pike Case Waxes Warm,” CDT, Nov. 14, 1902; “Tells Story of Pike and Moffitt,” CDT, Nov. 15, 1902), as well as from some of the questions she denied on cross-examination. It was obvious the defense had evidence of the information and that she was an inveterate liar about things that did not make her look completely innocent. Therefore, I am surmising that those items are true.
11. “Patrons of Vice Will Be Trapped in Photographs,” CDT, May 18, 1915.
12. “Hitt Is Asked to Account,” CDT, Apr. 12, 1898.
13. I plotted a map of Chicago with all of Minnie’s addresses and compared them with those of Gladys Forbes and Josephine Moffitt.
14. “A Widow Again,” NODP, Nov. 16, 1897; “To Go to Coroner,” CDT, Nov. 16, 1897.
15. Death certificate of Elizabeth Wallace; records of Forest Home Cemetery, Chicago.
16. “Much Mystery about Her,” CDN, Nov. 16, 1897.
17. “Red Jam Horror in Famous Case,” CDT, June 13, 1901.
18. “Now Ready for Clients,” CDT, June 25, 1890.
19. “Interview with Dethlef Hansen,” Chicago Inter Ocean, Feb. 7, 1893; Tacoma, Washington, City Directories, 1889–1891.
20. Letter to Dethlef C. Hansen, Mar. 26, 1891, The Writings and Speeches of Grover Cleveland, ed. by George Y. Parker (New York: Cassell, 1892), 481.
21. “Interview with Dethlef Hansen”; see also Robert Loerzel, Alchemy of Bones (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 2003), 26, 28, on Dethlef Hansen and the Luetgert case.
1. “Third Wife Is Left,” CDT, Nov. 15, 1897; Clark Waggoner, “First National Bank of Toledo—Ohio 1871,” http://www.scripophily.net/finabaofto18.html.
2. Barbara Johnson, “Nettie Poe Ketcham, 1865–1950,” In Search of Our Past: Women of Northwest Ohio, vol. 2, 1990, available at http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancentry.com/~gen2/Page40.html.
3. Nelson W. Aldrich Jr., “Death of the Club Man,” Seattle Times, July 17, 1988.
4. Information on John Ketcham’s drinking and debauchery is found in “Divorced in Short Order,” CDT, Oct. 3, 1896, and “To Go to Coroner,” CDT, Nov. 16, 1897. Nettie’s hiring of detectives is in the Ketcham probate files, Cook County Archives,Chicago.
5. “To Go to Coroner,” CDT, Nov. 16, 1897.
6. “Christopher Corbett, Orphans Preferred: The Twisted Truth and Lasting Legend of the Pony Express (New York: Broadway Books, 2003), 192–95.
7. “To Go to Coroner,” CDT, Nov. 16, 1897. Since Minnie was seen occasionally at the Auditorium Annex and “attracted much attention” there, I am assuming this is where she met John Ketcham and that she frequented the Annex to catch a rich man.
8. Ibid.
9. “Bridegroom May Have Been Keller,” Atlanta Constitution, Nov. 18, 1897; “Plot Thickens in the Ketcham Case,” NODP, Nov. 18, 1897.
10. Dethlef Hansen revealed his dealings with Minnie at the trial of Hansen v. Ketcham.
11. Information about the “party flat” is in “To Go to Coroner,” CDT, Nov. 16, 1897; “Occupied Two Residences,” CDN, Nov. 16, 1897; and “Keller, the Butler, Gone,” CDN, Nov. 17, 1897.
12. The Ketcham probate files show the frequency of claret purchases.
13. “To Go to Coroner,” CDT, Nov. 16, 1897; “Mrs. Ketcham in Court,” CDN, Nov. 28, 1897.
14. Information on the “marrying parson” is from “How He Ties Knots,” CDT, Sept. 13, 1895; “Are They Wedded or Only Lovers?” CDT, Sept. 18, 1896; and “Marrying Parson Reigns,” CDT, Mar. 12, 1898.
15. Information on the wedding trip is in “Roberts Married Them,” CDT, Nov. 16, 1897; “All Eyes on Mrs. Ketcham,” CDN, Nov. 18, 1897; “Quiz the Valet Joe,” CDT, Nov. 18, 1897; “Marriage of Mrs. Walkup,” Atlanta Constitution, Nov. 19, 1897; and “Mrs. Ketcham’s Marriage,” NYT, Nov. 19, 1897.
16. Ketcham marriage certificate, Milwaukee, Wisc., Vital Records.
17. “Widow Lets Body Go,” CDT, Nov. 17, 1897; “Ketcham Inquest Opened,” NYT, Nov. 17, 1897; “Attorney Trude Claims Forgery,” CDT, June 14, 1901.
18. “To Go to Coroner,” CDT, Nov. 16, 1897.
19. Ibid.
20. “Her Life An Eventful One,” CDN, Nov. 15, 1897; “Much Mystery about Her,” CDN, Nov. 16, 1897; “To Go to Coroner,” CDT, Nov. 16, 1897.
21. “A Widow Again,” NODP, Nov. 16, 1897.
22. “Much Mystery about Her,” CDN, Nov. 16, 1897.
23. For an actual demonstration of how this works, see chapter 14, page 162.
24. “Attorney Trude Claims Forgery,” CDT, June 14, 1901. Dethlef Hansen says Gladys Forbes and another woman of ill repute came to see Minnie after John Ketcham died. I am assuming the other woman was Josephine, as she and Gladys were inseparable at this time and Josephine was a friend of Minnie’s. The article “Much Mystery about Her,” CDN, Nov. 16, 1897, reports, with negative implication, that several women “well known in certain circles of Chicago” were talking about their friendships with Minnie.
25. “A Dramatic Scene,” NODP, Nov. 17, 1897; “Widow Lets Body Go,” CDT, Nov. 17, 1897.
26. “A Dramatic Scene,” NODP, Nov. 17, 1897; “Widow Lets Body Go,” CDT, Nov. 17, 1897.
27. “Roberts Married Them,” CDT, Nov. 16, 1897; “All Eyes on Mrs. Ketcham,” CDN, Nov. 18, 1897; “Quiz the Valet Joe,” CDT, Nov. 18, 1897; “Marriage of Mrs. Walkup,” Atlanta Constitution, Nov. 19, 1897; “Mrs. Ketcham’s Marriage,” NYT, Nov. 19, 1897;“Keller, the Butler, Gone,” CDN, Nov. 17, 1897; “Insists Keller Was Groom,” CDT, Nov. 18, 1897; “Bridegroom May Have Been Keller,” Atlanta Constitution, Nov. 18, 1897; “Whom Did She Wed?” Trenton (New Jersey) Evening Times, Nov. 18, 1897; and “Very Significant Fact,” Newark (Ohio) Daily Advocate, Nov. 19, 1897.
28. “Ketcham Trial On,” CDT, Dec. 29, 1897.
29. “Widow Lets Body Go,” CDT, Nov. 17, 1897.
30. “Mrs. Ketcham in Court,” CDN, Nov. 28, 1897.
31. Ketcham probate files.
32. Ketcham probate files.
33. Erik Larson, The Devil in the White City (New York: Crown, 2003), 382–83.
34. “Mrs. Ketchum [sic] Will Found a Children’s Home Here,” CDT, Feb. 10, 1902; “Mrs. Walkup-Ketcham,” Anaconda (Montana) Standard, Feb. 19, 1902; “Say Louderback Had Second Home,” CDT, Apr. 19, 1914.
1. Information on the trial in this chapter is from “Ketcham Affair Recalled,” NYT, Mar. 6, 1898; “Mrs. Ketcham Files Bill,” CDT, Mar. 6, 1898; “A Peculiar Bill,” Marion (Ohio) Daily Star, June 13, 1901; “Red Jam Horror in Famous Case,” CDT, June 13, 1901; “Attorney Trude Claims Forgery,” CDT, June 14, 1901; “Lawyer Hansen Weeps in Court,” CDT, June 15, 1901; “Hansen Suit Is Ended by Trude,” CDT, June 16, 1901.
2. “Cyclist Seeberg Granted a Stay at Desplaines,” CDT, Aug. 21, 1898.
1. Unless otherwise indicated, the Moffitt v. Pike information is from the following articles, all in CDT: “W. W. Pike Suit Is Begun: Jury Is Dispensed With,” Nov. 12, 1902; “Pike Case Waxes Warm,” Nov. 14, 1902; “Tells Story of Pike and Moffitt,” Nov. 15, 1902; “Pike to Take the Stand,” Nov. 17, 1902; “Tells Secrets of Mrs. Moffitt,” Nov. 18, 1902; “Pike Repudiates Mrs. Moffitt,” Nov. 19, 1902; “Finish Evidence in the Pike Case,” Nov. 20, 1902; “Pike Case Ends; Ruling Delayed,” Nov. 21, 1902; “Finds ‘Baby Jo’ Not Pike’s Wife,” Nov. 30, 1902; “William Pike Wins Again,” Feb. 26, 1904; “How a Pal’s Love Scandal Periled Political Career of ‘Big Bill’ Thompson,” Nov. 14, 1953. Information on Josephine Moffitt comes from her testimony, the 1870 and 1880 federal census for New Orleans, the New Orleans Death Index, and “The Families of Louis Adrian [sic] Guillemet,” both posted on Ancestry.com.
2. Heidi Pawlowski Carey, “Prairie Avenue,” Encyclopedia of Chicago, http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1003.html; Janice L. Reiff, “The Worlds of Prairie Avenue,” Encyclopedia of Chicago, http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/10431.html.
3. “Child Outwits the Law,” CDT, Feb. 6, 1902.
4. Costa v. Oliven, 849 NE 2d 122 (2d Dist. 2006).
5. Information on the Prince Victor story is in “Prince Doubts ‘Baby Jo’s’ Story,” CDT, Mar. 23, 1908; “Prince Refutes Baby Jo’s Action,” CDT, Apr. 2, 1908; “Un-titled [front page story],” NYT, Mar. 22, 1908; “Miss Moffitt Wanted Cash,” NYT, Mar. 23, 1908; “Suit against Prince Victor,” NYT, Apr. 17, 1908; “Prince Victor of Thurn and Taxis,” Washington Post, Apr. 22, 1908.
1. “Coincidence of Ketcham Case,” Washington Post, Nov. 24, 1897.
2. “Minnie Walkup May Wed Again,” Emporia (Kans.) Weekly Republican, May 23, 1901.
3. Cathy Joynt Labath, “Chapter 28: Some Old Houses,” Scott County, Iowa, USGenWeb Project, http://www.celticcousins.net/scott/chapter28.html.
4. On D. H. Louderback’s early years, see “Yerkes’ Right-Hand Man,” in “Knights of the Key,” Railroad Man’s Magazine 1, no. 1 (Oct. 1906), http://home.mindspring.com/~railroadstories/rrmmv1n1/knights.htm. David Louderback is not in the 1860 census with the rest of the family, when he would have been seventeen, and his half-sister Sallie testified that he had disappeared around 1889 (Louderback probate files, Cook County Archives).
5. The autopsy revealed the shotgun pellets in his skull. See “Poisons in Room of Louderback,” CDT, Apr. 11, 1914.
6. “Historic Figures: Charles Tyson Yerkes,” http://www.chicago-l.org/personnel/figures/yerkes/index.html; Karyn Hodgson, “Charles Tyson Yerkes: Swindler Turned Visionary of the Tubes,” British Heritage 19, no. 6 (Aug.–Sept. 1998): 16-19. See also John Franch, Robber Baron: The Life of Charles Tyson Yerkes (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 2006). American writer Theodore Dreiser wrote a fictional trilogy based on the life of Charles Tyson Yerkes: The Financier, The Titan, and The Stoic.
7. “Stations: State/Lake,” http://www.chicago-l.org/stations/state-lake.html.
8. “Yerkes’ Right-Hand Man.”
9. “Chicago Dealers Fear Loss,” NYT, Nov. 7, 1897; “Chicago Vacant Land Sold,” NYT, Nov. 29, 1898.
10. Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Records, http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/PatentSearch (Mixsell and Louderback entries); Tacoma, Washington, City Directories, 1889–1891.
11. “Chicago Traction President,” NYT, July 14, 1900; “Manager for Yerkes’ London Railway,” NYT, Nov. 1, 1900; “D. H. Louderback Resigns,” NYT, Dec. 4, 1900.
12. “Chicago Elevated Roads,” NYT, May 12, 1901; “London Street Railways,” NYT, June 9, 1901; “Doings of Society in France,” NYT, Dec. 28, 1902; Passport Applications of U.S. Citizens (for Minnie and the Louderbacks, done the same day, with DeLancey vouching for Minnie), posted on Ancestry.com; Ship’s register, La Lorraine, 1902.
13. Ship’s register, SS St. Paul, 1903.
14. “D. H. Louderback Dead,” NYT, Apr. 10, 1914; “Girl Holds Title to Crystal House,” CDT, Apr. 23, 1914.
15. Information for the Agnes Sowka incident can be found in “Millionaire’s [sic] Will Make Bold Affronts,” Lima (Ohio) News, Oct. 27, 1912; “Girl Sues Realty Man for $25,000, Alleging Attack,” CDT, Oct. 28, 1912; “Trapped by Girl, Louderback Says,” CDT, May 6, 1913; “Files in Girl’s Case Gone,” CDT, May 16, 1913.
16. “Boy a Suicide,” CDT, Mar. 10, 1908.
17. “Poisons in Room of Louderback,” CDT, Apr. 11, 1914.
1. Federal census, 1910; “Death Notices,” CDT, Feb. 2, 1913. DeLancey Ritter does not appear in any subsequent census or other record, and, as he was not with his mother in Louderback’s home when he would be only thirteen, I am assuming he died between 1910 and 1913.
2. Unless otherwise indicated, information in this section comes from the Louderback probate files and the following articles: “D. H. Louderback Dies; Physician Asks for Inquest,” CDT, Apr. 10, 1914; “D. H. Louderback Dead,” NYT, Apr. 10, 1914; “Says Poison Found in Louderback’s Body,” CDN, Apr. 10, 1914; “New Mystery Is Seen in Louderback Death,” CDN, Apr. 11, 1914; “Poisons in Room of Louderback,” CDT, Apr. 11, 1914; “Louderback Drug Search Blocked,” CDT, April 12, 1914; “Defends Silence on Death,” CDT, Apr. 13, 1914; “Overdose of Poison Killed Louderback,” CDN, Apr. 17, 1914; “Poison Verdict on Louderback,” CDT, Apr. 18, 1914; “Gift to Mrs. Ketcham Louderback Puzzle,” CDN, Apr. 18, 1914; “Say Louderback Had Second Home,” CDT, Apr. 19, 1914; “Both Known Here,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, Apr. 20, 1914; “Rich Widow Shares Louderback Estate,” Indianapolis Star, Apr. 20, 1914; “Mrs. Walkup Inherits Another Fortune,” Emporia Times, Apr. 23, 1914; “Girl Holds Title to Crystal House,” CDT, Apr. 23,1914; “Corporation Owner of Louderback Home,” CDN, Apr. 23, 1914; “D. H. Louderback Left Only $10,000,” NYT, Apr. 29, 1914; “Mrs. Ketcham Sues Estate of Louderback for $2,550,” CDT, Mar. 20, 1915.
3. Emporia, Kansas, researcher Robert Hodge distinctly remembers seeing this article but, unfortunately, did not write down the source. I did not come across it in my own research.
4. Online Medical Dictionary, http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/omd.asp?q=cyanamide.
5. D. H. Louderback Death Certificate, Cook County Vital Statistics.
6. Ship’s register, RMS Lusitania, 1915; Passport applications of U.S. Citizens, posted on Ancestry.com.
1. Information in this section comes from federal census records, 1900–1930; New Orleans Death Index; Cook County Vital Statistics; World War I Draft Registrations; Social Security Administration, Washington, D.C.
2. Information in this section comes from “The Social Career of ‘Silent’ James Henry Smith,” NYT, Sept. 16, 1906; “James Henry Smith Is Dead in Japan,” NYT, Mar. 28, 1907; “No Smith Heir, LeRoy Says,” NYT, June 18, 1907; “Arrest in Will Contest,” Washington Post, Mar. 8, 1910; “W.T. Houston’s Will Filed,” Washington Post, Aug. 17, 1918.
3. Information in this section comes from “A Long Funeral Line,” NYT, Jan. 3, 1888; “The Bigger Brute Won,” NYT, July 9, 1889; “Anti-Italian Mood Led to 1891 Lynchings,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, Mar. 14, 1991; Joseph E. Persico, “Vendetta in New Orleans,” American Heritage 24, no. 4 (June 1973); “James D. Houston Ill,” NYT, Sept. 14, 1893; “The Obituary Record,” NYT, Jan. 30, 1894; Houston Death Certificate, New Orleans Vital Statistics.
4. “$1,200,000 Estate Left by Kellogg,” Washington Post, Aug. 15, 1918.
5. Information in this section comes from federal census records, 1900–1930; William E. Connelly, “John Elmore Martin,” in A Standard History of Kansas and Kansans (Chicago: Lewis, 1918); “Calvin Hood,” Emporia Gazette, Feb. 4, 1910.
6. Information in this section comes from Portraits and Biographical Record of Leavenworth, Douglas, and Franklin Counties, Kansas (Chicago: Chapman, 1899), 323–24; personal correspondence from the Baldwin family.
7. Information in this section comes from Ancestry World Tree Project: Thomas Baily, Ancestry.com; Illinois Death Index, http://deathindexes.com/illinois/index.html.
8. This story is recounted in David Traxel’s 1898: The Birth of the American Century (New York: Knopf, 1998), 23–24.
9. Information in this section comes from “Calvin Hood,” Emporia Gazette, Feb. 4, 1910; federal census, 1900–1930; personal correspondence from the Wilhite family.
10. Information in this section comes from the federal census, 1900–1930.
11. Information about Feighan comes from “Feighan Chosen,” Atchison (Kans.) Daily Globe, Feb. 24, 1888; Rev. H. K. Hines, An Illustrated History of the State of Washington (Chicago: Lewis, 1893), 442–43; Civil War Pension records, Ancestry. com. For Sterry information, see “A Legislative Scandal [subtitle; main title is illegible],” Arizona Republican, Mar. 21, 1901; federal census, 1900–1910. Fenlon information was taken from federal census, 1900; Western Life Newspaper Name Index, 1900–1902 (Feb. 7, 1901), Ancestry.com. The Dodds details come from Joplin v. Chachere, 192 US 94 (1904).
12. Information in this section comes from “Untitled,” Newark (Ohio) Advocate, May 18, 1908; “Former S. F. Doctor Released on Bonds,” Placerville (Calif.) Mountain Democrat, Sept. 25, 1915; Howard L. Conard, Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri: Vol. 4, Medical Journals in St. Louis (New York: Haldeman, Conard, 1901), 292; federal census, 1900–1910; Florida Death Index, Ancestry.com.
13. Information on Hansen comes from “Court Calls Dethlef Hansen,” CDT, July 17, 1901; “Lawyer Reveals Suits against Thos. F. Walsh,” NYT, July 12, 1905; “T. F. Walsh Fights Back,” NYT, July 13, 1905; “Walsh Silent on Suits,” NYT, June 17, 1907; “D. C. Hansen Suspended,” NYT, June 22, 1907; “Walsh’s Counsel Heard,” Washington Post, June 28, 1907; “To Head Off Miss Watson,” NYT, June 28, 1907; “Victory for T. F. Walsh,” NYT, July 2, 1907; “Walsh Sued for $250,000,” NYT, Mar. 25, 1910; “Calls Arrest of Girl as Bond Thief ‘Frameup,’” CDT, July 13, 1919; “Bond Protects Holdings of Girl Held as Thief,” CDT, July 16, 1919; “Funeral Rites Held for Attorney Dethlef Hansen,” CDT, May 7, 1932.
14. “William W. Pike’s Death Revealed by Filing of Will,” CDT, Apr. 28, 1932; federal census, Chicago, Ill., 1910.
15. Information on Forbes comes from “Patrons of Vice Will Be Trapped in Photographs,” CDT, May 18, 1915; “Was There a Horsewhip?” CDT, May 21, 1915; “Police Ignored by Prosecutor on Nymph Raid,” CDT, Nov. 22, 1915.
16. Information on Josephine Moffitt comes from “Princess’s Case Has New Defendant,” NYT, Apr. 19, 1914; “Says Prince Married Her,” NYT, July 10, 1914; Passport applications of U.S. Citizens (1921), posted on Ancestry.com; Ship’s register of the SS Berengaria (July 29, 1922); Clarke’s Galleries ad, NYT, Jan. 17, 1926; federal census for New York City, 1930; “‘Princess’ Is Arrested,” NYT, May 21, 1915. Information on Lida Nicolls comes from “‘Count’ Asks $50,000 of Princess Victor,” NYT, May 9, 1920, and personal correspondence with Nicolls family connection; “Count” Gregory: “‘Count’ Gregory Arrested as Thief,” NYT, Sept. 9, 1915; “‘Count’ Gregory in Crooks’ Lineup,” NYT, Sept. 10, 1915; “Send Count to Jail,” NYT, Sept. 16, 1915; “Career of Dapper ‘Count’ Hits a Snag,” NYT, June 21, 1921.
17. For an analysis of William Hale Thompson’s administration as mayor of Chicago, see Douglas Bukowski, “Big Bill Thompson,” in The Mayors: The Chicago Political Tradition, ed. by Paul M. Green and Melvin G. Holli (Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1995), 61–81.
18. On Pam, see “Judge Hugo Pam,” NYT, May 31, 1930. On Trude, see Jim Abbs, “The Royal Trude and Its Cousins: A Midwesterner’s Gift to the West,” FFF Fly of the Month, Aug. 2000, http://www.fedflyfishers.org/FlyofMonth/trude.htm; Terry Hellekson, “The Trude,” http://www.flyanglersonline.com/flytying/fotw/050100fotw.html.
19. Corbett, Orphans Preferred, 198–99.
20. Federal census, 1920–1930; Illinois Death Index; World War I Draft Registrations; “Marriages,” CDT, Sept. 9, 1917; “Death Notices,” CDT, Oct. 12, 1936.
21. On Agnes, see federal census, 1920–1930; On Harvey, see federal census 1930; “Banker Rejects Plea of Son in Cabareter’s Cell,” CDT, Oct. 5, 1916; “Harvey Hill Is in Again,” CDT, Oct. 18, 1916; “Yessir, Hill’s in Bad Again,” CDT, Oct. 21, 1916; “Harvey Hill in Jail in South; Bigamy Charged,” CDT, Feb. 13, 1920; “Death Notices,” CDT, Dec. 19, 1937.
22. Information in this section is taken from “Seek to Find $468,000 Missing from Bank,” NYT, Apr. 19, 1922; “Investigate Methods of New Ponzi,” Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune, Apr. 19, 1922; “Say Peacock Holds Missing Bank Funds,” NYT, Apr. 20, 1922; “Flowers Grew as Bank Faded, Charge at Trial,” CDT, Jan. 15 1924; “Link Juror in Peacock to Two Mistrials,” CDT, Feb. 2, 1924; “Charges a Plot to Drop Suit against Mayor,” CDT, Aug. 31, 1928; “Everett R. Peacock,” NYT, Oct. 21, 1949; “Death Notices,” CDT, Oct. 21, 1949; database of Deaths in World War II, Ancestry.com.
23. Information on the rest of Minnie’s life comes from Forest Home Cemetery Records; federal census, 1930; death certificate, San Diego County Vital Records; Mt. Hope Cemetery Records.