The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
30 September Movement, 36–39, 41
Abbott coalition government, Indonesian policy, 254–55
Abdullah, King of Jordan, 234
Aceh: “Aceh wars,” 13; autonomy granted to, 90–91; autonomy referendum proposed, 79, 85; effects of tsunami on, 84, 92–93; GAM flag used in, 230; prosecutions for war crimes in, 104; regional command posts in, 110; resistance movements in, 59, 81, 85–89; secret troop movements in, 76; Syari’ah law in, 89, 162, 165–66; under Megawati, 81
Aceh Party, 92
“Act of Free Choice” in New Guinea, 32, 59, 195, 199, 202
Act of Killing, The, 228
Afro-Asian Summit, 252
Agriculture Ministry, 183
Ahmadiyah sect 128, 185, 267–269
Ahtisaari, Martti, 90–91
Aidit, Dipo Nusantara, 34–36, 38, 41–42
air pollution, 219
aksi sepihak campaign, 34
“Ali Baba” partnerships, 27, 134
Al-Mukmin pesantren, 162
Alom, Simon, 205
Al-Warraq, Hesham, 182
Ambalat block, 255
Ambon: attempts to claim independence, 22; Dutch conquest of, 10; Portuguese bases in, 10; sectarian violence in, 76, 91, 227; soldiers from in Dutch army, 14; US pilot shot down over, 29
American Chamber of Commerce, 198–199
Amerika-Babo movement, 191
Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia. See armed forces
Ap, Arnold, 198
Arismunandar, Wismoyo, 59
armed forces: aim to match Malaysia, 255; budgeting for, 96–97, 107; businesses run by, 96; Detachment 88, 163, 206; Dwifungsi doctrine, 32, 95, 101; equipment purchases, 98; execute PKI members, 37, 40–41; exercises in South China Sea, 256; future of, 115–116, 126; Habibie challenged by, 69; human rights abuses by, 69, 113–115; in Aceh, 81, 86; in Papua, 206; international training exercises, 234, 254; involvement in smuggling, 134; Kostrad forces, 38, 49, 59, 69–70, 98, 102–3, 233–34; Manunggal Membangun Desa scheme, 110; Masuk Desa program, 110; political affiliations within, 58–59; relations with government, 27; response to PKI, 35–36; support Pemuda Pancasila, 62–63; territorial doctrine, 111; under Habibie, 63, 70; under Megawati, 80–81; under military jurisdiction, 105, 227; under Suharto, 63–64, 68–69; under Wahid, 102; under Yudhuyono, 90, 95–96; Unit 81, 98, 104; written orders required in, 103; see also Kopassus forces
Armed Forces’ Day parade, 35–36, 39
Arsyad, Andi Syamsudin, 115
Artha Graha group, 141
Asia Pulp & Paper, 140
Asian Development Bank, 46, 143, 222
Asian financial crisis, 2, 84, 132, 176
Asian Human Rights Commission, 196
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 128, 145, 253–54, 256–57
Australia: confirms massacres in Irian Jaya, 228; Indonesia’s relations with, 217–18; live cattle shipments from 149; Papuan refugees seek asylum in, 202, 210, 254; withdraws support for emissions reduction, 217
Australian Signals Directorate, 255
Awaluddin, Hamid, 90–92
Ba’asyir, Abu Bakar, 162–63
babinsa officers, 101, 108–9, 246
Badan Inteligen Negara (BIN), 81, 161, 189, 201, 228
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terrorisme (BNPT), 164
Badung kingdom, 14
Bakrie, Aburizal: as presidential candidate, 240, 242; business failures, 134, 143–47; pursued by finance minister 212–213; share in Arutmin, 114; supports Kalla campaign, 137
Bakrie, Achmad, 134
Bali: bombings, 197, 108, 151, 161, 163; Dutch conquest of, 14; PKI and, 40–41, 100, 135
Banda Aceh, 83–84, 86, 88–89, 92
Bandung Institute of Technology, 15, 185
Bangkok Cement, 128
Bank Central Asia, 64, 135–37, 139–40, 176–77
Bank Danamon, 139
Bank Indonesia, 82, 138, 176–78, 182
Bank Mandiri, 132
banking industry, 57, 60, 124, 131–32, 136–37, 139, 144, 172, 176, 182
Banten province, 11, 126, 160, 247
Barisan Tani Indonesia, 34
Barito, Prajogo, 141
Basri, Chatib, 122
Batak ethnic group, 161
Batavia. See Jakarta
Bayu Air, 56
Bayuni, Endy M., 68
Beamtenstaat administration, 45
beef cattle industry, 128, 158, 183, 241
Benda, Harry J., 31
Berau coal company, 144–45
“Berkeley Mafia,” 46
Beureu’eh, Daud, 22–23
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika motto, 5, 28
BHP, 114
Biak, protestors massacred in, 74
Bimantara group, 56
Bintang Kejora, 191, 193, 201, 203
Bintuni Bay, 197
biodiesel, 216
“Bird’s Head,” Irian Jaya, 197
Bogor church project, 161, 229, 237
Bojonegoro regency, 243
Bonaparte, Napoleon, replaces Dutch regime, 11–12
Bonjol, Imam, 13
Borobudur Hotel, 107
Boven Digul prison settlement, 16–17, 192
Bowo, Fauzi, 238
BRIC economies, 257
Britain, 11–14, 17, 19–23, 29, 33, 35, 40–42, 48, 85, 99, 114, 139–40, 155, 188, 193, 208, 236, 251–52, 254–55
Brunei, Sultan of, donations to Wahid, 79–80
Budi, Johan, 185
Budi Utomo movement, 16
Buku Cinta NKRI, 165
Bunker, Elsworth, 193
Buru Island, 52
Business Executives For National Security, 237
carbon credit schemes, 218
Carrascalao, Mario, 233
Cebongan prison, prisoners executed by troops at, 105, 227, 239
cement industry, 56, 128, 136, 142
Cendana Street, Jakarta, 173
Cenderawasih University, 198
“Central Axis” coalition, 78
Central Intelligence Agency, supplies rebels with arms, 32
Central Irian Jaya, 201; see also Papuan provinces
Centre for Policy Studies & Strategic Advocacy, 98
Centre for Strategic and International Studies, 58, 237, 260
Cepu oil field, 122
Certified Sustainable Palm Oil scheme, 217
Chauvel, Richard, 201
Chennai, effects of tsunami on, 83
Chile, 252
China: Chinese Indonesians repatriated to, 134; demand for resources by, 256; relations with Indonesia, 252–53, 256–57
China Development Bank, 146
China Investment Corp, 144
Chinese minority: attacks on, 98; Christianity among, 161; Habibie offers support to, 73–74; involvement in trade, 27, 57; massacred by Dutch after uprising, 11; massacred in West Kalimantan, 52; payments extracted from by police, 175; peranakan Chinese, 133, 135; political connections of, 132–35, 141; scapegoating of, 64, 67, 98; threatened by Prabowo, 23–34; under Yudhuyono 164–165
Christianity: attacks on Christian communities, 110; Prabowo cultivates support from, 237; under Yudhuyono, 160–61, 163
Citarum river, 222
Citilink airline, 124
Citra Lamtoro Gung group, 57
Clinton, Bill, 137
Clinton, Hillary, 137
clove cigarettes (kretek), 56, 135, 139
coal resources, 15, 113–17, 127, 141, 143–45, 147, 171, 175, 182, 220–21, 235, 240, 256
Coen, Jan Pieterszoon, 11
communications technology, 178–79
communism, relations with communist nations, 134–35
Constitutional Court, 82, 91, 160, 179, 181, 201, 219, 230, 246, 249
Consultative Group on Indonesia, 117
cooperative societies, 134
corruption investigations, 170–72, 177–81, 183
cultuurstelsel system, 12–13
Cut Nha Dhien, 166
Daendels, Herman Willem, 11–12
Dani, Marshal Omar, 37
Darul Islam movement, 22, 54, 85, 88, 155, 157
Dayak peoples, 52, 63, 74, 117, 162, 215
de Albuquerque, Alfonso, 10
Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia, 22, 26
Defence Ministry, 28, 36, 104, 107, 109, 233
deforestation, 214–15, 217–19, 221
Dekker, Edward Douwes, 13
Democracy Forum, 61
Demokrasi Terpimpin proposal, 30
Denpasar, massacre at, 14
Dewan Adat Papua, 190
Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonesia, 233
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat: calls on Wahid for explanation, 78–80; elections for, 49; in provisional constitution, 27; members investigated for corruption, 169–70; proposes civilian prosecutions for military, 105; under Habibie, 72
di Tiro, Cik, 85
di Tiro, Hasan, 85, 87, 89, 92
Diah, B. M., 50
Dili, burnt by militias, 2, 77, 104
Dimara, Daan, 169
Diponegoro division, 134–35
Djalal, Dino, 104
Djayusman, Nugroho, 161
Djojohadikusumo, Hashim, 142–43, 234, 237, 239
Djojohadikusumo, Sumitro: as government adviser, 46; environment seminar organized by 234; in Sulawesi independence movement, 29; on population growth, 221; son marries into Suharto family, 59; son’s business ventures, 142
Djuli, Mohammed Nur, 84–91, 166, 260
Drooglever, Pieter, 191–94, 210
Duadji, Susno, 179
Dwifungsi doctrine, 32, 95, 101
East Asia Summit, 253
East Indonesia Military Region, martial law in, 29
East Kalimantan, 115, 122–23, 220
East Timor: armed forces in, 227–28; case for separation of, 75–76; civil war in, 54; display at Taman Mini, 5; independence movement, 74–75, 99; Indonesian withdrawal from, 23; intimidation campaigns, 100–1; prosecutions for war crimes in, 104; protestors massacred in, 59; UN referendum in, 76–77
Effendi, Sofian, 184
Eluay, Theys, 81, 98, 105, 199–200, 227, 247
environmental issues, 176, 185, 217–24
Ertzberg mine, 196
Ethische Politiek policy, 15
Fathanah, Ahmad, 183
Fiji, diplomatic relations with, 189
Finance Ministry, 122, 127, 143–44, 174, 182, 184
Five Eyes pact, 255
Five Power Defence Arrangements, 254
five-year plans, 47
Ford, Harrison, 218
foreign investments, 52, 125, 127, 169, 171, 185, 227, 243–44
Freeport Minerals, 46, 63, 99, 117, 127–28, 196–97, 206, 220
Front Pembela Islam movement, 74, 161
Fujian, Chinese immigrants from, 133
Galbraith, J. K., 125
garment manufacturing, 125–26
geomantic forces, 150
Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, 84
Gerakan Indonesia Raya party. See Gerindra party
Gerindra party, 205, 233, 235, 237–39, 241
Globe Asia “rich list,” 140–41
Gobel, Thajeb, 136
Goeltom, Miranda, 178
Golden, Brigham, 211
Golkar. See Partai Golongan Karya
golongan karya group proposals, 50
Gorontalo province, 247
Green, Marshall, 41
greenhouse gas emissions, 214, 217
Group of Twenty meeting, 217
Gua Semar cave, 151
Gua Sirandil cave, 150
Guided Democracy policy, 22, 30–31, 33
Gunawan, Urip Tri, 176
“Gus Dur.” See Wahid, Abdurrahman
Gusmão, José Xanana, 75, 105, 233, 253
Gymnastiar, Abdullah, 159
Habibie, Bacharuddin Jusuf (“B. J.”): aircraft program, 138; becomes president, 67–68; becomes vice president, 64; early career of, 55; East Timor policy, 2, 88; laws relaxed under, 71; sets up ICMI, 63; South Sulawesi origins, 88; Suharto praised by, 59
Habibie, Thareq, 141
Hadisiswoyo, Subagyo, 69
Halid, Nurdin, 170
Hambalang sports complex, 193, 232, 235
Hambring, Afonsina, 203
Hamengkubuwono II, 11–12
Hamengkubuwono IX: accommodates university students, 20; as defense minister, 28; declines vice-presidency, 54; joins emergency cabinet, 43; relations with Suharto, 48, 59; seeks international funding, 45–46; visions while meditating, 150
Hamzah, Chandra M., 178
Hardjapamekas, Erry Riyana, 106–7, 111
Harian Rakyat newspaper, 39
Harjati, 37
Hartono, General, 59
Hartono, Robert and Michael, 139–40
Haryoyudanto, Sigit, 56
Hasan, Mohamad “Bob”: becomes Minister for Trade, 64; forestry interests, 214; links to Tommy Suharto, 57, 135, 173; loans made to, 173; monopoly held by, 138; Prabowo acquires business from, 235; Semarang businesses, 135
Hasibuan, Albert, 228
Hasnuryadi, 115
Hasyim, Wahid, 60
Hatta, Mohammad: arrested for inciting rebellion, 17; becomes vice president, 19, 21–22; Dutch cede power to, 21; forms Indonesian state, 19; kidnapped by students, 19; on non-alignment, 251–52; released by Japanese, 18; resigns vice-presidency, 29; Sawito calls on, 53
health spending, 121
Helsinki Agreement on Aceh, 90, 92–93
Herawati, Kristiani, 100
Hinduism, 7–8, 10, 12, 31, 40, 47–48, 77, 150–52, 154, 160, 243–44
HIV/AIDS in Papua, 198
Hizb ut-Tahrir movement, 158
Holt, Harold, 41
Home Affairs Ministry, 189, 230
Howard, John, 75
Hugeng, 53
Hugronje, Christiaan Snoucke, 88–89
Human Rights Commission, 99, 196, 228
Humardhani, Sujono: as presidential adviser, 49, 52; business interests, 136; loyalty to Suharto, 52; military career, 134; Suharto dismisses, 59
Hume, Cameron, 71
Hussein, Farid, 208
Hutomo Mandala Putra. See Suharto, Tommy
”I Love the Rupiah” drive, 64
Ibrahim, Maulana Malik, 152
Idris, Colonel Kemal, 40
Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia (ICMI), 58, 61, 63, 69, 75, 156, 159
Ikhwanul Muslimin, 158
Ilthabi Rekatama group, 141
imports, quotas on, 128, 158, 183
Independent Team For Bureaucracy Reform, 184
India, demand from for resources, 114–15
Indika coal and oil, 141
“Indonesia,” use of as name, 16
Indonesia Corruption Watch, 184, 186
Indonesian Anti-Communist Front, 229
Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency, 139
Indonesian Farmers’ Association, 235
Indonesian National Police: corruption in, 180; establishment of, 97; in Papua, 206, 215
Indonesian Public Institute, 184
Indrapuri, 92
Indrawati, Sri Mulyani, 143, 174, 227
industrialization, age of, 14
Industries Ministry, 64
inequality levels, 119
Information Ministry, 53, 59, 76
Institute for Pro-Autonomy, 247
Inter-Agency Team to Eradicate Corruption, 181
Inter-Governmental Group on Indonesia, 58
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 213
International Convention Against Torture, 237
International Court of Justice, 255
International Labour Organisation, 126
International Monetary Fund: aid provided by, 33, 46, 63–64, 138, 233; Yudhoyono repays loan from, 117
internet use, levels of, 75, 124, 162
involution of land, 28
Irawan, Dadan 103
Irian Jaya. See Papuan provinces
Isan, Hajji, 115
Ishaaq, Luthfi Hasan, 183, 241
Islam: adoption of in Java 10–11, 175–176; Ahmadiyah sect, 110, 160, 162, 229–30; attacks on Christian communities, 163; followers form anti-Communist death squads, 40; in West Java, 155; Jemaah Islamiyah movement, 97, 109, 163–64; Laskar Jihad movement, 74, 76, 91, 111, 161–62, 227; Masyumi party, 27–30, 50; Middle Eastern religious influences 177; minority vote for, 28; Muhammadiyah movement, 48, 63, 72, 153–54, 156–58, 242; Nahdatul Ulama party, 28, 51, 54, 60–61, 63, 72, 79, 154, 156, 158, 228–29; opposition to Communist parties, 34; Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, 149, 157–59, 165, 183, 241–42, 248; Partai Muslimin Indonesia, 50; revivals of influence, 54, 154; rivalries in Aceh, 103–104; Salafism, 162, 197; Sunni-Shia conflicts, 160; Syari’ah law, 50, 79, 89, 162, 165–66; terrorist movements inspired by, 163–64; “transnational” movements, 158, 162, 165; under Suharto, 48, 54; under Yudhoyono, 159–60; uprisings influenced by 15, 33; view of “superstitions,” 151; Wahhabi Islam, 13, 153, 158, 162; see also Partai Persatuan Pembangunan
Jagau, Aman, 115
Jahrian, 115
Jakarta: 30 September movement in, 36–37; armored vehicles located in, 108; Batavia renamed as, 18; conspicuous consumption in, 117, 119; Dutch buildings in, 131–32; Dutch headquarters in, 10; history of, 1–3; population growth, 28; social welfare policy, 119–20; transport problems, 223; water supplies, 222
Jakarta Charter, 19, 30, 50, 154, 158
Jakarta Stock Exchange, 64, 137, 143
“Jakarta Syndrome,” 248
Jakarta–Phnom Penh–Beijing–Pyongyang Axis, 252
Janssens, Jan Willem, 11
Japan, 10, 17–20, 31, 37, 46, 48, 52, 59, 72, 88–89, 131, 140, 150, 152, 191, 199, 221, 243, 253, 256–58
Jardine Matheson, 139
Jawa Hokokai association, 18
Jayakarta. See Jakarta
Jayapura, 187, 189–91, 196–200, 205–7, 260
Jemaah Ansharut Tauhid movement, 164
Jemaah Islamiyah movement, 97, 109, 163–64
Jembrana regency, 247
Joedono, Satrio Budihardjo, 127, 169, 176–77
Jones, Howard, 33
Jones, Sidney, 201
judicial system, 174–75, 180–81
Jusuf, Irwandi, 86
Jusuf, Mohammed, 233
Kadi, Saurip, 102
Kalimantan, 47, 52, 55, 63, 74, 110, 113–17, 122–23, 135, 141, 143, 147, 160, 162, 166, 215–21, 248, 255
Kalla, Haji, 134
Kalla, Jusuf, 88, 90, 116, 147, 163, 167, 170, 182, 208, 230, 240, 245, 247
Kalla group, 137
Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) mine, 140, 220
Kamaruzaman, 35
Kamil, Taufiq, 169
Kapuas river, 215
Karma, Filip, 202
Karnavian, Tito 113, 240–241, 246
Kartasasmita, Ginanjar, 49, 62, 127
Kartasasmita, Syafiuddin, 173
Kartini, Raden Ajeng, 15
Katari, William, 146
Katingan Peatland Restoration and Conservation project, 218
Kebatinan, 53, 58, 151–52, 154–55
Kediri, East Java, 2
Kemusuk Suharto museum, 225
Kepercayaan beliefs, 53
Ketapang, illegal logging ships seized at, 215
Kirana, Rusdi and Kusnan, 124, 146
Kirksey, S. Eben, 211
Klinik Pancasila, 165
Klungkung, massacre at, 14
Komando Jihad organization, 54
Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi, 168, 235
Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat, 19, 163
Komnas-Ham Komisi, 194, 196, 198, 200
Kompak group, 163
Kompas print group, 146
Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Indonesia, 249
Konfrontasi with Malaysia, 23, 33, 43, 49
Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger, 17
Kopassus forces, 59, 61, 69–71, 75–77, 81, 85, 98–100, 103–6, 115, 188, 200, 205–6, 232–34, 236, 239, 241
Kopkamtib, powers of, 51–53
Kosgoro, 50
Kostrad forces, 38, 49, 59, 64, 69–70, 98, 102–3, 105, 233–34
Kota district, Jakarta, 64, 67, 132
Krakatau, 55–56
Kuala Lumpur, smoke pollution in, 213
Kuok, Robert, 136
Kusuma, Sugianto, 141
Kutai Kertanegara regency, 123
Kwalik, Kelly, 206
Laksono, Agung, 167
Lance, Bert, 137
Land is Life movement, 190
Lapindo Brantas oil company, 143–44
Laskar Jihad movement, 74, 76, 91, 161–62, 227
Latif, Yudi, 165
Leahy provisions, 99
Levine, David, 31
Lhokseumawe, oil found near, 85–86
Liberaal Politiek policy, 13
Liem Bian Kie (Jusuf Wanandi), 135
Liem Sioe Liong (Sudono Salim), 55, 134, 176
Ligitan, 255
logging industry, 179, 189, 197, 207, 215, 217–18
Lubang Buaya (Crocodile Hole), 25–26, 36–39
Lubis, Zulkifli, 28
Luns, Joseph, 193
Mada, Gajah, 8
Maeda, Tadashi, 19
Mahaban, Shadia, 86–87, 89–90, 92–93, 166, 260
Mahakam gas and oil field, 122
Majapahit empire, 8–9
Majelis Permusayawaratan Rakyat, 43, 50, 159
Majelis Ulama Indonesia, 159
Malacca, Portuguese capture of, 9–10
Malay language, adoption of, 7
Malaysia, 23, 33–34, 43, 46, 49, 85, 87, 89, 108, 119, 133, 136, 162, 213, 216–20, 231, 253
Mallarangeng, Andi, 183
Manado, US air wing supports rebels from, 29
Mandela, Nelson, 253
manganese mining, 117
Manning, Christopher, 126, 198
Manokwari, 194
manufacturing industry, 125–26, 136
Marhaen, 61
Marshal, Hercules Rozario, 233
Marsinah, 249
Marxism, teaching of banned, 79
Masoka, Aristoteles, 200
Mastura, Rusdi, 228
Mataram Sultanate, 9–11, 150, 153
Matsuo, Akihisa, 209–10
Max Havelaar (novel), 13
Mbah Suro cult, 155
McIntyre, Angus, 62
McVey, Ruth, 45
media, 2, 41, 73, 100, 141, 146, 162–63, 165, 169, 173, 186, 228, 232–33, 235–36, 247
Media Nusantara Citra television network, 141
“Medina Charter,” 158
“Mega Rice Project,” 215
Melanesian Spearhead Group, 189
Memet, Yogie, 62
mercury contamination, 220–21
Merdeka Square, troops assemble in, 36, 38–39, 70, 108
Middle Eastern religious influences, 153, 164–65
Midi, Abdurrahman, 115
militias, widespread use of, 110
mineral production, 127
Minangkabau people, uprising by, 13
Ministry of Agriculture, 128, 158
Ministry of Defence, 96, 106, 174
Ministry of Finance, 55, 107, 127, 177, 184
Ministry of Forests, 90, 215, 218
Ministry of Home Affairs, 230
Ministry of Industries, 55
Ministry of Information, 2, 73
Ministry of Natural Resources and Mines, 127
Mintaredja, 50
Mobile Brigade, 206
mobile phones, 75, 118, 124, 178, 206, 235, 255
Mohamad, Goenawan, 63
Mohamad, Mahathir, 253
Mohammad, Fadel, 247
Mooie Indie themes, 6
Mooy, 59
Morning Star flag, 74, 93, 191, 194, 199, 202, 206
Mote, Octavianus, 208
Mountbatten, Louis, 20
Muhammadiyah movement, 48, 63, 72, 153–54, 156–58, 180, 242
Muna, Riefqi, 109
Munawar, Said Agil Hussein Al, 169
Murdani, Benny, 49, 58, 62, 233, 237
Murtopo, Ali, 49–50, 52, 54, 58, 155, 195
Museum of PKI Treachery, 26
Muslim Brotherhood, 149, 157–58, 183, 202
Musyawarah Besar meeting, 43, 195, 199
Muzzakar, Kahar, 88
mysticism, used against Suharto, 53
Nahdatul Ulama party, 28, 51, 54, 60–61, 63, 79, 154, 156, 158, 180, 228–29, 242
Nasakom synthesis, 30–31
Nasution, Abdul Haris, 25, 28–30, 32, 36, 40, 42, 49–50, 69, 95
Nasution, Adnan Buyung, 53, 179
Nasution, Effendi, 40
Natalegawa, Marty, 189
National Audit Agency, 169, 176
National Commission on Human Rights, 194
National Committee for West Papua, 203
National Development Planning Agency, 59, 127
National Human Rights Commission, 99
National Monument protest, 161
Nations Energy, 143
Natsir, Mohammed, 29
Natural Resources and Mines Ministry, 127
Nazaruddin, Muhammad, 169
Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij, 131
Negara Islam Indonesia movement, 22, 154–55
Negara Kesatuan Republic Indonesia, 188
Nehru, Vikram, 127
Nessen, Billy, 86–87
Netherlands: administers East Indies, 10–11; apologizes for 1946 killings, 229; citizens of ordered to leave Indonesia 34; conquests by, 10–12, 87; Dutch assets in Indonesia nationalized, 131; expansion of empire, 13–14; forced out of aid consortium, 58–59; post-war reconquest attempts, 20–21; response to resistance movements, 16–17; surrenders to Japan in East Indies, 17; withdraws from New Guinea 26, 36, 222–226
Netherlands East India Company, 17, 48, 129, 131
New Guinea, 6, 14, 16, 21–22, 30, 47, 49, 79, 131, 187–99, 202, 205, 207, 210, 213, 219; see also Papuan provinces
New Guinea Council, 193–94
New Order regime, 2, 24, 45–51, 55, 57, 96, 98, 100, 110, 117, 119, 125, 137, 140–42, 146, 154, 162, 174, 196, 198, 210, 232, 242; see also Suharto
Newmont gold mine, 127–28
nickel mining, 117
Nicobar Islands, effects of tsunami on, 83
Noerdin, Alex, 247
Non-Aligned Movement, 252
North Borneo, proposed consultation with, 33
North Sumatra, 14, 29, 40, 160
Norway, support of emission reduction scheme, 217–18
Nugra Sentana group, 141
Nusakambangan Island, 52
Nusantara, 5
Nyai Loro Kidul myth, 150, 166
Obama, Barack, 104, 235, 243, 245, 256
Oei Ek Tjhong (Eka Tjipta Widjaya), 140
Oetama, Jakob, 146
oil supplies 121–22
Ondawame, John Otto, 208
Operasi Khusus (“Opsus”) unit, 49, 54, 155, 195
Operasi Koteka, 196
Operasi Tumpas, 195
Operasi Wibawa, 194
Organisasi Papua Merdeka, 188
Organisation of the Islamic Conference, 257
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, 121
Ortiz-Sanz, Fernando, 195
Otsus-Plus proposals, 200–1, 204, 209, 230
P. T. Bumi holding company, 146
Pacific War. See World War II
Pakpahan, Muchtar, 73
Palangkaraya airport protests, 162
Palapa satellite, 8
palm oil industry, 92, 114, 116, 134, 140–41, 170, 216–18
palm sugar, as cash earner, 118
Paloh, Surya Dharma, 146–47, 168, 242
Pamecutan, massacre at, 14
Pamungkas, Sri Bintang, 63, 73
Pancasila principles, 18, 22, 30, 40, 60, 62–63, 150, 154, 158
Panglaykim, Jusuf, 135
Panjaitan, Sintong, 69–70
Papanek, Gustav, 132
Papua New Guinea, border with, 188–89
Papuan People’s Council, 203–4
Papuan provinces: administration of, 192–200; gold mining in, 220; independence movements in, 81, 93, 191; population growth, 221; potential for unrest, 6; refugees from seek asylum in Australia, 254; under Megawati, 81; under Yudhoyono 225–32
Parengkuan, August, 230
Partai Amanat Nasional, 72
Partai Demokrasi Indonesia, 51, 73
Partai Demokrat, 90, 157, 231, 241
Partai Golongan Karya (“Golkar”), 50–52, 54, 60–61, 63, 72–73, 77–78, 80, 90, 96, 103, 116, 137, 146–47, 157, 167, 170, 227, 235, 238–42, 247, 249
Partai Keadilan Sejahtera: corruption scandals, 183, 241; governor of West Java from, 149; moderation in, 165; rise and fall in popularity, 157–59, 241
Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa, 72
Partai Kommunis Indonesia (PKI): alleged “treachery” of, 26; army plans response to, 34–35; members massacred after coup attempt, 38; minority vote for, 27; officially banned by Suharto, 43; sympathizers with detained, 51; unilateral action campaign, 34; uprisings led by, 16, 21
Partai Muslimin Indonesia, 50
Partai Nasional Demokrat, 147
Partai Nasional Indonesia, 16–17, 27–28, 34, 49, 51, 154
Partai Persatuan Pembangunan: absorbs smaller Islamic parties, 155; formation of, 51; gains support under Suharto, 54, 78; loses support after NU separates from, 60; presidential candidates from, 241–42; Suharto government attacks, 63; threats against, 54
Partai Sosialis Indonesia, 27
Pastika, I Made Mangu, 97, 151
Pelabuhan Ratu, 150
Pembela Tanah Air forces, 18
Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia revolt, 22
Pemuda Ansor, 228
Pemuda Pancasila movement, 40, 62–63
Pemuda Rakyat movement, 39
Penny, David, 118
peranakan Chinese. See Chinese minority
Permesta revolt, 22, 29–30, 32, 135, 252
Pertamina: debt levels of, 53–54; military contacts of, 96; monopoly held by, 121; proposed investment in, 123; under Suharto, 46, 55, 57
peyek biscuit, 118
police forces. See armed forces; Indonesian National Police
political parties. See names of parties
population growth: in Java, 12–13, 28; in Papuan provinces, 197
Portugal, conquests by, 10
Portuguese Timor. See East Timor
Poso, sectarian violence in, 74, 76, 91, 163, 228
Possible Dream, The, 1
poverty levels, 118–20
Prabowo, Titiek Suharto, 233–34
Pranoto, 42
Prawiro, Purnomo, 146
preman (thugs), 59, 62, 74, 85, 126, 141, 161
private sector enterprises, 129, 132, 136, 209, 214
protectionism, 129
public service, corruption in, 178
Puncak district, 205
Purnama, Basuki Tjahaja, 238
Purwoprandjono, Muchdi: acquitted on murder charge, 228; becomes intelligence chief, 81; dishonorable discharge of, 98; Habibie challenged by, 69; joins PPP, 241
Raffles, Thomas Stamford, 11–12
Rahman, Tunku Abdul, 33
railway development, 125, 131–32
Rais, Amien: accused of corruption, 197; as presidential candidate, 78; expelled from ICMI for criticism, 63; forms and leads PAN, 72–73, 156–58
Raskin program, 119–20
Recapital, 145
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Program, 217
reformasi period, 26, 88, 95, 100, 113, 123
Reid, Anthony, 89
Religion of Java, The, 152
religion. See Christianity; Hinduism; Islam
Republic of the South Moluccas, 22
Republic of the United States of Indonesia, power transferred to, 21
Republika, 58
Revolutionary Council, 38
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia declared, 22, 29
Riady, Mochtar, 136–37
Riady family 140–41
Ricklefs, M. C., 8, 10, 12, 14
Rio Tinto, 114
Ritonga, Abdul Hakim, 179
rivers, pollution of, 222
Riyanto, Bibit Samad, 178
Rizieq, Habib, 161
Rizvi, Rafat Ali, 182
Robertson, Graeme, 114
Rockefeller, Michael, 198
Roost Im Ordre motto, 6
Rothschild, Nathaniel, 144–45
Rubiandini, Rudi, 185
Rudd, Kevin, 228
Rudyamoto, F. X. Hadi, 247
Rujito, Colonel, 233
Rukmana, Siti Hardijanti: business interests, 57, 141; runs Taman Mini, 6
Rumakiek, Rex, 208
Rumkoren, Seth, 195
Russia, 16, 124, 209, 254, 257
Ryacudu, Riyamizard, 81, 103, 200
Sadli, Mohammad, 46
Said, Salim, 101
Saleh, Rachmat, 46
Salim, Anthony, 140–41
Salim, Sudono (Liem Sioe Liong), 56, 64, 134–41, 176
Saltford, John, 193
Samarinda, 220
Samual, H. N. V., 29
Santa Cruz massacre, 59, 74–75, 98, 104
Sarekat Islam movement, 16, 153
Sasono, Adi, 69, 75–76, 159, 260
Sastroamidjojo, Ali, 49
Sastrosatomo, Sudarpo, 134
Satgas Rajawali force, 205
Schumpeter, Joseph, 132–33
Seamless Pipe Indonesia Jaya, 143
Seda, Frans, 46
Sekber Keistimewaan group, 106
self-determination policy, 193–95
Semar legends, 48
Semen Cibinong cement company 165
Sendang Semanggi spring, 142
Senopati, 9
Shia Islam. See Sunni-Shia conflicts
Shinawatra, Thaksin, 103
Silalahi, Sudi, 227
Silalahi, T. B., 231
Simbolon, Mahidin, 99
Simbolon, Maludin, 29
Simopyaref, Stephanus, 191
Simpson, Bradley A., 42
Singapore, 12, 15, 17, 20, 29, 33, 41, 46, 64, 69, 80, 88, 108, 219
Singarimbun, Masri, 118
Sinivasan, Marimutu, 138
Sipadan, 255
“Sjam” (Kamaruzaman), 35–36, 38, 41–42
Skouw, 187–88
Snowden, Edward, 255
Soares, Abilio, 99
Soekarno-Hatta Airport, 124
Soerjosoemarno, Yapto, 62
Soeryadjaya, Edwin, 114–15, 127, 141
Soeryadjaya, Willem, 136
Soesastro, Hadi, 122
Solo, social welfare in, 126
Solomon Islands, 189
Solossa, Jaap, 201
Sosrowerdojo, Hadisubeno, 49
South China Sea, territorial claims in, 256
South Sulawesi, 22, 55, 88, 90, 154, 229
South Sumatra province, 58, 247
Soviet Union. See Russia
Special Autonomy Law (Otsus), 200–1, 204, 209, 230
Special Forces, execute PKI members, 40–41
spiritualism, 134, 136, 150, 164
Sriwijaya empire, 7–8
Stanvac, tighter production split, 32
Subianto, Prabowo: as presidential candidate, 232; dishonorable discharge of, 98; Habibie challenged by, 69; military career, 59; New Guinea raids led by, 188; on covert operations, 103, 142; warns Wahid to endorse Suharto, 61
Subroto (economist), 46
Subroto, Gatot, 135
Subroto, Wisnu, 179
Sudwikatmono, Agus, 56–57, 136, 141
Suebu, Barnabas, 204
Sufi missionaries, 152
Sugama, Yoga, 49
Sugarti, 118
Suharto: achievements as president, 64–65; called on to resign, 64; “charitable foundations,” 135, 172–73; corruption investigations of, 169, 173; involvement in smuggling, 134; Kalimantan policy, 114; lack of succession plan, 54; moves towards Islam, 48, 54; nostalgia for era of, 226; policy on ethnic Chinese, 135; presidential style, 46–47; relations with Habibie after retirement, 71–72; relatives and allies given favors by, 52; religious beliefs 174, 178–179; response to attempted coup, 42; response to criticism, 63; see also New Order regime
Suharto, Colonel Pitut, 54
Suharto, Tommy: business interests, 57, 138; convictions and jail terms, 173–74; feted by Kopassus group, 104; “national car” project, 60; wealth of, 141
Suharto’s Indonesia, 2
Sukamdani, 141
Sukarno: Afro-Asian Summit, 252; anti-colonialism crusade, 192; armed forces loyal to, 27–28; arrested for inciting rebellion, 17; benteng policy, 133–34; criticizes PKI executions, 47; Dutch cede power to, 22; forms Indonesian state, 18–19; initial role largely ceremonial, 27; interrogation, retirement and death, 43; kidnapped by students 19; presidency of, 19, 21–22; proclaims revolutionary constitution, 30; released by Japanese, 18; resists Dutch attempts to resume control, 21–22; response to attempted coup, 34; rise to power, 19; Suharto receives orders from, 39
Sukarno, Dewi, 37
Sukarnoputra, Guruh, 61
Sukarnoputri, Megawati: armed forces under, 91; as president, 80–81, 84; corruption under, 169; election campaigns, 77–80, 90–91; opposition to Suharto, 61–63; Papuan policy under 233–235; relations with Habibie, 72–73; social welfare policy, 119; Yudhoyono wins presidency from, 156–57
Sulaiman, Haji, 115–16
Sumitro, General, 24, 45, 52–53
Sumpah Pemuda pledge, 16
Sunardi, 118
Sunni–Shia conflict, 160
Supandji, Hendarman, 176–77
Supardjo, Brigadier-General, 37–38
Suparman, Djaja, 105
Supersemar letter, 47
Supreme Court, 80, 82, 172–75, 181, 229
Surabaya municipality, 8, 15, 20, 60, 62, 76, 105, 125, 143, 146, 200, 223, 245
Suryadi (PDI leader), 61–63
Suryani, Artalyta, 177
Susanto, Djoko, 146
Sutanto, Djuhar, 136
Sutanto, General, 161
Sutowo, Pontjo, 141
Sutrisno, Try, 59
Swara Mahardhika, 61
Syamsuddin, Syafrie, 104, 107–8, 115, 227, 237
Syari’ah law, 50, 79, 89, 162, 165–66
Syihab, Habib Muhammad Rizieq, 74
Tabuni, Elvis, 205
Tahun Vivere Pericoloso declaration, 22
Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, 5
Tan, Samir, 145
Tanah Merah prison camp, 192
Tanaka, Kakuei, 52
Tangama, Leonie, 208
Tangguh liquefied gas field, 197
Tanjung, Chairul, 146
Tanjung, Feisal, 59, 62, 64, 76
Tanjung Priok mosque riot, 53, 58, 71, 156, 228
Tanoesoedibjo, Bambang Rudijanto, 169
tax officials, bribery of, 184
“Team of 100,” 199
Teller, Edward, 224
Temangung regency, 160
Tentara Nasional Indonesia. See armed forces
Ternate, Portuguese bases in, 10
Territorial Command, 101
territorial doctrine, 111
terrorism, 97–100, 108–9, 162–64, 206, 210, 226, 246
Tesso Nilo national park, 218
Thailand, military coup in, 103
Thalib, Ja’far Umar, 74
The Act of Killing, 228
The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia, 22, 26
The Kian Seng. See Hasan, Mohamad “Bob”
The Religion of Java, 152
Tidore, Portuguese bases in, 10
Tim Enam group, 207
Tim Mawar abductions, 71, 98, 105, 233–34, 237, 244
Tirtamas group, 142–43
Toemion, Theo F., 169
Toer, Pramoedya Ananta, 52
Total Oil Co, 123
Tovar, Hugh, 39
“Toward Salvation” petition, 53
traffic problems, 125
transmigrasi program, 147, 214
Transparency International, 186
Tri Usaha Bhakti army company, 55, 96
Trihatmodjo, Bambang, 56
Trisakti University, student protestors killed at, 64
tsunami, effects of, 83–84, 92–93
Tunggal, Gajah, 141
“Tutut.” See Rukmana, Siti Hardijanti
Twilight in Jakarta, 26
Umar, Ratna Dewi, 169
United Nations: condemns Dutch aggression, 21; East Timor referendum supervised by, 76–77; East Timor war crimes investigation, 104; Indonesia withdraws from, 34; Indonesian peacekeeping troops in, 108; votes on control of New Guinea, 34
United States of America: business connections with, 137; East Asian defense treaties, 254; Indonesian bargaining power with, 210; interest in Indonesian politics, 33, 35; joint military operations with, 104; military forces trained by, 32; negotiates Dutch withdrawal from New Guinea, 32; relations with under Suharto, 95; seeks strategic partnership, 103–4; “shock and awe” tactics copied by Indonesia, 84; supports Permesta rebellion, 252; supports PKI massacres, 35, 41; supports Sukarno/Hatta government, 33; US citizens detained in Papuan provinces, 190; West Irian policy, 201; WikiLeaks cables embarrass, 103, 254
United States of Indonesia, 20–21
University of Indonesia rescue plan for economy, 42–43, 46
Untung, Lieutenant Colonel, 37–38, 40, 42
Urbaningrum, Anas, 183
US National Security Agency, 244–45
USSR. See Russia
Vanimo, 187–89
Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, 10
Volksraad, establishment of, 15
Wacik, Jero, 185
Wahhabi Islam, 13, 153, 158, 162
Wahid, Abdurrahman: Aceh policy, 89; as president, 78–81, 156; corruption scandals, 79; early career of, 62–63; forms PKB, 72–73; on bank corruption, 177; Papuan policy, 199–200; policy on ethnic Chinese, 142; relations with Yudhoyono, 101; social welfare policy, 119; wins presidential election, 77–78
Wahid, Nur Hidayat, 157–58
Wali Nanggroe position, 92
Wali Songo saints, 152
Wanandi, Jusuf, 135
Wanandi, Sofyan, 233–34
Wandik, Wellem, 205
“War on Terror.” See terrorism
Wardhana, Ali, 46
Waruk, Hayam, 8–9
water pollution, 222
Weiss, Stanley, 238
Wenda, Benny, 208
West Irian. See Papuan provinces
West Java province, 10, 13, 22, 54, 88, 109, 117, 125–26, 136, 149, 155, 157, 159, 161, 179, 813, 222
West Kalimantan, Chinese massacred in, 52, 135, 160, 215
West Papua, 190, 194, 203, 209
West Timor, East Timorese forcibly relocated to, 77
Westerling, Raymond “Turk,” 229
Wewak, logging at, 189
Wibowo, Karyono, 184
Wibowo, Pramono Edhie, 103
Wibowo, Sarwo Edhie: daughter of marries Yudhoyono, 100; leads military response to coup attempt, 38–40; regional commander in Papuan provinces, 202
Widjaya, Eka Tjipta, 140
Widjojo, Agus: on future of armed forces, 98, 100; on militias, 110; on territorial function, 101; on Yudhoyono, 231
Widjojo, Anggodo, 208
Widodo, General, 51
Widodo, Joko: as mayor of Solo, 120; as presidential candidate, 241–47, 249; becomes governor of Jakarta, 238–40; rapid rise of, 186
WikiLeaks cables, 103, 108, 254
Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands, 15, 17
Winasa, I. Gede, 247
Wings Group, 146
Wirahadikusumah, Agus, 100–2
Wiranto, General: as armed forces commander, 68–71; as presidential candidate, 235; as vice-presidential candidate, 240; heads armed forces, 64; loyalty to Suharto, 59; pledges to protect Suharto family, 64; Suharto’s letter to, 68; under Wahid 93, 117
Witoelar, Wimar, 68
women voters, backlash against Islamic parties, 159
World Bank: aid provided by, 46; on corruption levels, 168; on welfare scheme, 120; study of sanitation, 223
World Health Organization, 223
World War II, 131
World Wildlife Fund, 219
Xavier, Francis, 10
Yayasan Harapan Kita, 5
Yayasan Supersemar, 173
“Year of Living Dangerously,” 22, 34
Yogyakarta: British influences on, 12; Dutch recapture of, 20–21; Suharto leads resistance to Dutch in, 48; support for abortive coup in, 37; troops from involved in execution, 104
Yosfiah, Yunus, 76
Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang: Aceh policy, 103–5, 114; armed forces under, 100–2; as president, 93, 95–96, 100, 103–5, 110, 112, 118–19, 144, 147; corruption under, 170, 172, 178–79; energy policies, 121–22; environmental issues, 214, 217–19; military career of, 90, 92; mobile phone interception plan 290–91; Papuan policy, 201, 204, 208–9; policy on ethnic Chinese, 142–43; public disappointment with, 225–29; refuses to dissolve parliament, 80; religious policies, 156–60; repays IMF debt, 117; response to Papuan asylum-seekers, 6; second presidential term, 167–70, 180; social welfare policy, 120
Yuntho, Emerson, 184
Zen, Kivlan, 69