1. Joseph J. Moldenhauer, “The Extra-vagant Maneuver: Paradox in Walden,” Graduate Journal (University of Texas at Austin) 6 (Winter 1964): 97; Saul K. Padover, The Genius of America: Men Whose Ideas Shaped Our Civilization (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960), 198. See also Paul Lauter, “Thoreau’s Prophetic Testimony,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 121.
1. Boston Journal, July 12, 13, 1917; Fort Worth (TX) Star-Telegram, July 12, 1917. See also “Concord Observes Thoreau Centenary,” Boston Advertiser, October 26, 1917, T. 23, Thoreau Centenary, B, Articles, series III, Walter Harding Collection, Thoreau Institute, Lincoln, MA.
2. Townsend Scudder, “Henry David Thoreau,” in Literary History of the United States, ed. Robert E. Spiller et al. (New York: Macmillan, 1963–72), 1:388.
3. Wendell Glick quoted in Richard Rutland, “The Search for Walden,” Emerson Society Quarterly 23 (1977): 189; Rutland quoted ibid., 192; Edward O. Wilson quoted in W. Barksdale Maynard, Walden Pond: A History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 68. See also Gary Scharnhorst, Henry David Thoreau: A Case Study in Canonization (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1993), 2, 40.
4. Morning Courier and New-York Enquirer quoted in Bradley Dean and Gary Scharnhorst, “The Contemporary Reception of Walden,” Studies in the American Renaissance (1990): 316; Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), 24, 115.
5. Walter Harding, The Days of Henry Thoreau (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962), xv; V. F. Calverton quoted in Wendell Glick, The Recognition of Henry David Thoreau: Selected Criticism since 1848 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1969), 14, 338.
6. Mark W. Sullivan, Picturing Thoreau: Henry David Thoreau in American Visual Culture (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015), 3. See also Granville Hicks, “The Complexity of David Thoreau,” New York Times Book Review, April 3, 1949, 26.
7. Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Cheerful Yesterdays (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1898), 169; Sandra Harbert Petrulionis, ed., Thoreau in His Own Time (Ames: University of Iowa Press, 2012), xiii.
8. Robert D. Richardson Jr., Henry Thoreau: A Life of the Mind (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986), 265; R. L. Duffus, “The Native Character as American Writers Have Interpreted It,” New York Times Book Review, March 29, 1931, 2; Lewis Mumford, The Brown Decades (1931; reprint, New York: Dover, 1966), 59–60.
9. Franklin B. Sanborn, Henry D. Thoreau (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1882), 25, 28; Robert A. Gross, “Lonesome in Eden: Dickinson, Thoreau and the Problem of Community in Nineteenth-Century New England,” Canadian Review of American Studies 14, no. 1 (1983): 3.
10. William M. Condry, Thoreau (New York: Philosophical Library, 1954), 14, 24; Harding, Days of Henry Thoreau, 157–58, 177; Samuel Arthur Jones, Thoreau: A Glimpse (Concord, MA: Albert Lane, 1903), 30–31, 33.
11. Henry Seidel Canby, Thoreau (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1939), 188; S. A. Jones to Henry Salt, September 16, 1890, in Toward the Making of Thoreau’s Modern Reputation: Selected Correspondence of S. A. Jones, A. W. Hosmer, H. S. Salt, H. G. O. Blake, and D. Ricketson, ed. Fritz Oehlschlaeger and George Hendrick (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979), 81.
12. Walter Harding, “Henry Thoreau and Ellen Sewall,” South Atlantic Quarterly 64 (Winter 1965): 102–7; Harding, Days of Henry Thoreau, 104; Louise Osgood Koopman, “The Thoreau Romance,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 61–67; Brooks Atkinson, “Daughter Recalls Her Mother’s Story of Rejecting Thoreau’s Proposal,” New York Times, March 12, 1963, 5.
13. Scudder, “Henry David Thoreau,” 400; Harding, Days of Henry Thoreau, 104–7, 112. See also Condry, Thoreau, 101; and James Armstrong, “Thoreau as Philosopher of Love,” in Henry David Thoreau: A Profile, ed. Walter Roy Harding (New York: Hill and Wang, 1971), 223–24.
14. Harriet Mulford Lothrop, Old Concord: Her Highways and Byways (Boston: D. Lothrop, 1888), 9–10; Canby, Thoreau, 5; Robert A. Gross, “Culture and Cultivation: Agriculture and Society in Thoreau’s Concord,” Journal of American History 69 (June 1982): 43–47; Brian Donahue, The Great Meadow: Farmers and the Land in Colonial Concord (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004).
15. Henry David Thoreau, The Writings of Henry David Thoreau: Journal, ed. Bradford Torrey (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1906), 3:331, 401, 4:324. See also Melvyn Stokes, introduction to The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political, and Religious Expressions, 1800–1880, ed. Melvyn Stokes and Stephen Conway (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1996), 7; John Lauritz Larson, The Market Revolution in America: Liberty, Ambition, and the Eclipse of the Common Good (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 3, 56–64, 76, 87, 89, 98, 103, 108–9; Edward Jarvis, Traditions and Reminiscences of Concord, Massachusetts, 1779–1878, ed. Sarah Chapman (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993), 184, 191, 198; and Gross, “Culture and Cultivation,” 42, 47–53.
16. Brooks Atkinson, Henry Thoreau: The Cosmic Yankee (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1927), 13; Anderson Graham, Nature in Books: Some Studies in Biography (London: Methuen, 1891), 69.
17. Edward Waldo Emerson, Emerson in Concord (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1889), 55–56, 58–59, 98, 104; Van Wyck Brooks, The Flowering of New England (New York: Dutton, 1940), 198; Julian Hawthorne, The Memoirs of Julian Hawthorne, ed. Edith Garrigues Hawthorne (New York: Macmillan, 1938), 10.
18. Scudder, “Henry David Thoreau,” 392. See also Philip Van Doren Stern, ed., The Annotated “Walden” (New York: C. N. Potter, 1970), 8; Thoreau, Journal, 8:146, 9:113–14; and Robert Kuhn McGregor, A Wider View of the Universe: Henry Thoreau’s Study of Nature (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997), 52.
19. Bronson Alcott, The Journals of Bronson Alcott, ed. Odell Shepard (Boston: Little, Brown, 1938), 211, 309 (quotes); Higginson, Cheerful Yesterdays, 181–82. See also Mary Elkins Moller, Thoreau and the Human Community (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), 52–55; “A. Bronson Alcott’s Life,” Kansas City Times, April 8, 1887; and George F. Hoar, Autobiography of Seventy Years (New York: Scribner, 1903), 73.
20. Thoreau, Journal, 4:313–14; Moller, Thoreau and the Human Community, 102. See also Philip G. Hubert Jr., Liberty and a Living (New York: Putnam’s, 1889), 194.
21. Margaret Fuller quoted in Scudder, “Henry David Thoreau,” 394; Ralph Waldo Emerson quoted in William M. Moss, “‘So Many Promising Youths’: Emerson’s Disappointing Discoveries of New England Poet-Seers,” New England Quarterly 49 (March 1976): 50.
22. Franklin Sanborn quoted in Henry Williams, “Henry David Thoreau,” in Pertaining to Thoreau: A Gathering of Ten Significant Nineteenth-Century Opinions, ed. Samuel Arthur Jones (Hartford, CT: Transcendental Books, 1970), 49. See also Henry Stephens Salt, Life of Henry David Thoreau (London: W. Scott, 1896), 52; and Edward Waldo Emerson, Henry Thoreau: As Remembered by a Young Friend (1917; reprint, Concord, MA: Thoreau Foundation, 1968), 29.
23. Thoreau, Journal, 1:434–35. See also Henry David Thoreau to Ralph Waldo Emerson, June 8, 1843, in “The Emerson-Thoreau Correspondence,” ed. F. B. Sanborn, Atlantic Monthly, May 1892, 588.
24. Isaiah Berlin, The Roots of Romanticism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999), 49, 55; Octavius Brooks Frothingham, Transcendentalism in New England: A History (New York: G. Putnam’s Sons, 1886), 136.
25. James C. McKusick, Green Writing: Romanticism and Ecology (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000), 1, 41–42, 50, 69, 73 (quote). See also Frothingham, Transcendentalism in New England, 76–77, 92, 94–95, 203; and Lance Newman, Our Common Dwelling: Henry Thoreau, Transcendentalism, and the Class Politics of Nature (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), 37, 76–77.
26. Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 616, 627; Ralph Henry Gabriel, “Emerson and Thoreau,” in The Transcendentalist Revolt, ed. George Frisbie Whicher (Lexington, MA: Heath, 1968), 23–24; Sacvan Bercovitch, The American Jeremiad (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978), 11.
27. Edwin S. Smith, “A Thoreau for Today,” pt. 2, Mainstream 13 (May 1960): 1–24; Smith, “A Thoreau for Today,” pt. 1, Mainstream 13 (April 1960): 9–10; Newman, Our Common Dwelling, 14, 39, 41; 149; Russell Blankenship, American Literature as an Expression of the National Mind (New York: Henry Holt, 1931), 275–86, 298–99; Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815–1846 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 378–80.
28. Ralph Waldo Emerson quoted in Petrulionis, Thoreau in His Own Time, 72. See also Odell Shepard, “Paradox of Thoreau,” Scribner’s Magazine, September 1920, 340; and Alcott to Mrs. A. Bronson Alcott, April 7, 1857, in The Letters of A. Bronson Alcott, ed. Richard L. Herrnstadt (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1968), 240.
29. Clifton Johnson, introduction to Walden, by Henry David Thoreau (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1910), viii. See also Maynard, Walden Pond: A History, 64, 65, 68, 83; and August William Derleth, Concord Rebel: A Life of Henry D. Thoreau (Philadelphia: Chilton, 1962), 53.
30. Richardson, Henry Thoreau, 152; Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Short Studies of American Authors (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1888), 25–26.
31. Harding, Days of Henry Thoreau, 122–23; Condry, Thoreau, 39–40; Thoreau, Walden, 107–8, 203; Brooks, Flowering of New England, 359.
32. Richardson, Henry Thoreau, 154; Thoreau, Walden, 118 (first quote); Thoreau, Journal, 9:160 (second quote). See also Laura Dassow Walls, Henry David Thoreau: A Life (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017), 194.
33. William Condry, “A Hundred Years of Walden,” Dublin Magazine (January–March 1955): 65; McGregor, Wider View of the Universe, 75–78, 201 (quote), 202; Thoreau, Walden, 426–27. See also Thoreau, Journal, 1:361; and Charles A. Madison, “Henry David Thoreau: Transcendental Individualist,” Ethics 54 (1944): 112.
34. William Howarth, “The Journal of Henry D. Thoreau, 1906–2006,” Princeton University Library Chronicle 67 (Summer 2006): 639; Townsend Scudder, “Horizons of a Mind,” Saturday Review of Literature 34 (September 22, 1951): 20–21; Alfred Kazin, “Writing in the Dark,” in Henry David Thoreau: Studies and Commentaries, ed. Walter Harding, George Brenner, and Paul A. Doyle (Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1972), 34.
35. Léon Bazalgette, Henry Thoreau, Bachelor of Nature, translated by Van Wyck Brooks (London: Jonathan Cape, 1925), 138 (first quote); Celia R. Frease quoted in Walter Harding, ed., Thoreau as Seen by His Contemporaries (1960; reprint, New York: Dover, 1989), 208 (second quote); N. C. Wyeth, “Thoreau, His Critics, and the Public,” in Recognition of Thoreau, by Glick, 231 (third quote); Robert Whitcomb, “The Thoreau ‘Country,’” Bookman (July 1931): 460 (fourth quote); “Letter from an ‘Old Concordian,’” Bismarck (ND) Daily Tribune, May 13, 1885 (fifth quote); Ralph Waldo Emerson quoted in Henry David Thoreau, Thoreau, Philosopher of Freedom: Writings on Liberty by Henry David Thoreau, ed. James Mackaye (New York: Vanguard Press, 1930), vii (sixth quote). See also New York Times, February 17, 1879, 2; William Dean Howells quoted in New York Times, July 29, 1894, 22; William Dean Howells, “My First Visit to New England,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 89 (August 1894): 447; Priscilla R. Edes, Some Reminiscences of Old Concord (Gouverneur, NY: C. A. Livingston, 1903), 31–32; and “Book Storage,” Wilson Library Bulletin 36 (June 1962): 823.
36. Thoreau, October 24, 1852, Journal, 4:397 (first quote); old farmer quoted in Annie Sawyer Downs, “Mr. Hawthorne, Mr. Thoreau, Miss Alcott, Mr. Emerson, and Me,” in American Heritage, ed. Walter Harding, December 1978, 99 (second quote); Petrulionis, Thoreau in His Own Time, xxvii (third quote). See also Robert M. Thorson, “Thoreau and Asperger’s Syndrome?,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Spring 2008): 9; Alfred Munroe, “Letter from Concord,” Richmond County Gazette, in American Transcendental Quarterly 36 (Fall 1977): 20; and “Reminiscences of Thoreau: Sic Vita,” Outlook, December 2, 1899, 815, 820.
37. John Albee, Remembrances of Emerson (1901), quoted in Thoreau in His Own Time, ed. Petrulionis, 3, 37 (first quote); “Appendix A: Conversation with Horace Hosmer, Action, Mass.,” in Remembrances of Concord and the Thoreaus: Letters of Horace Hosmer to Dr. S. A. Jones, ed. George Hendrick (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977), 149 (second quote). See also Hoar, Autobiography of Seventy Years, 72; Emerson, Emerson in Concord, 111; Emerson, As Remembered by a Young Friend, 3; and Moller, Thoreau and the Human Community, 67, 83.
38. Portland (ME) Transcript quoted in John F. Jaques, “An Enthusiastic Newspaper Account of Thoreau’s Second Lecture in Portland, Maine, January 15, 1851,” American Literature 40 (November 1968): 386–88 (both quotes). See also “Frazier Hall Lectures,” Lynn Weekly Reporter, April 30, 1859, quoted in Harding, Thoreau as Seen, 197; Gloucester (MA) News quoted in Gary Scharnhorst, Henry David Thoreau: An Annotated Bibliography of Comment and Criticism before 1900 (New York: Garland, 1992), 8; “Salem Lyceum,” Salem (MA) Observer, November 25, 1848; and Gloucester (MA) Telegraph, December 23, 1848.
39. Moncure Conway quoted in Harding, Thoreau as Seen, 111; James Russell Lowell, “A Fable for Critics” (1848), in Recognition of Thoreau, by Glick, 3; Massachusetts Spy (Worcester), May 9, 1848; Scudder, “Henry David Thoreau,” 402. See also “Salem Lyceum,” Salem (MA) Observer, November 25, 1848.
40. Annie Russell Marble quoted in Henry David Thoreau, The Maine Woods (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1906), ix, x.
41. John Hildebidle, “Thoreau at the Edge,” Prose Studies 15 (December 1992): 355–56; Sherman Paul, “Thoreau, The Maine Woods, and the Problem of Ktaadn,” in A Century of Early Ecocriticism, ed. David Mazel (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001), 332; Kelli Olson, “A Cultural Study of Henry D. Thoreau’s The Maine Woods” (PhD diss., University of Iowa, 2000), 9–11, 37, 39.
42. Hartford (CT) Daily Courant, September 1, 1875.
43. Thoreau, The Writings of Henry David Thoreau, vol. 1, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1893), 11; Walls, Henry David Thoreau, 272; Condry, Thoreau, 66. See also Scudder, “Henry David Thoreau,” 403; New York Times, August 31, 1939, 14; and review of A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, by Thoreau, Liberator (Boston), June 15, 1849, 96.
44. Sophia Dobson Collet, “Literature of American Individuality,” in Emerson and Thoreau: The Contemporary Reviews, ed. Joel Myerson (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 359–60; James Russell Lowell, review of A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, ibid., 357; George Ripley, “H. D. Thoreau’s Book,” in Pertaining to Thoreau, ed. Jones, 9–11; Thoreau quoted in Vernon Louis Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought: An Interpretation of American Literature from the Beginnings to 1920 (1927; reprint, New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1930), 404. See also Derleth, Concord Rebel, 86–88; Scudder, “Henry David Thoreau,” 402; Salt, Life of Thoreau, 107; William Rounseville Alger, review of A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, in Emerson and Thoreau, ed. Myerson, 348–49; and Baltimore Sun, June 15, 1849.
45. Sanborn, Henry D. Thoreau, 299. See also Walls, Henry David Thoreau, 266, 268–69; “Book Storage,” 823; Hawthorne, Memoirs, 109; and Harmon Smith, My Friend, My Friend: The Story of Thoreau’s Relationship with Emerson (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999).
46. Robert Sattelmeyer, “‘When He Became My Enemy’: Emerson and Thoreau, 1848–49,” New England Quarterly 62 (June 1989): 188, 190–91, 201 (quote), 203. See also Thoreau, Journal, 5:188; and John Brooks More, “Thoreau Rejects Emerson,” American Literature 4 (November 1932): 241, 252, 254.
47. Fred Lewis Pattee, “Rise of the Nature Writers,” in A History of American Literature since 1870 (New York: Century, 1915), 137; Francis B. Dedmond, “100 Years of Walden,” Concord (MA) Journal, June 24, 1954, Walden E. Miscellaneous, iii, j. Centenary, series II, Harding Collection; Derleth, Concord Rebel, 123.
48. Thoreau, Walden, viii, 1, 5 (second quote), 8 (first quote), 13, 87, 91, 119 (third quote), 148. See also McGregor, Wider View of the Universe, 200.
49. Portland (ME) Transcript quoted in Scharnhorst, Annotated Bibliography, 151; Worcester Palladium quoted in Critical Essays on Henry David Thoreau’s “Walden,” ed. Joel Myerson (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1988), 21; New York Times quoted in Dean and Scharnhorst, “Contemporary Reception of Walden,” 317; review of Walden, by Thoreau, in Recognition of Thoreau, by Glick, 5; anonymous quote in Downs, “Mr. Hawthorne, Mr. Thoreau, Miss Alcott, Mr. Emerson, and Me,” 99. See also Boston Journal quoted in Scharnhorst, Annotated Bibliography, 26; New Bedford (MA) Mercury quoted in Dean and Scharnhorst, “Contemporary Reception of Walden,” 302; Boston Daily Bee, quoted ibid., 299; “Another Book by Thoreau,” in Circular, quoted in Emerson and Thoreau, ed. Myerson, 371; Boston Daily Evening Traveller, quoted ibid., 18; and Walter Harding, “Some Forgotten Reviews of Walden,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Winter 1954): 2–3.
50. Review of Walden, by Thoreau, in Emerson and Thoreau, ed. Myerson, 388 (first quote); letter to the editor, New York Tribune, quoted in Harding, Days of Henry Thoreau, 240 (second quote). See also Chambers’s Journal, Salem (MA) Register, and Providence (RI) Evening Press all quoted in Dean and Scharnhorst, “Contemporary Reception of Walden,” 327–32; Lydia Maria Child (attributed), “Review of A Week and Walden,” in Recognition of Thoreau, by Glick, 9–10, 11; Boston Daily Atlas, October 21, 1854; and “Critical Notices,” North American Review 165 (October 1854): 536.
51. Jesse Clements, Western Literary Messenger, quoted in Dean and Scharnhorst, “Contemporary Reception of Walden,” 312; Boston Daily Atlas, October 21, 1854. See also Centinel [sic] of Freedom (Newark, NJ), October 20, 1857; Gloucester (MA) Telegraph, December 23, 1848; and Edwin Morton, “Thoreau and His Books,” Harvard Magazine, quoted in Jones, Pertaining to Thoreau, 25.
52. Boston Daily Atlas, October 21, 1854; “Town and Rural Humbugs,” Knickerbocker Magazine (1855), quoted in Jones, Pertaining to Thoreau, 27–28, 30–31. See also “An American Diogenes,” Chambers’s Journal, quoted in Dean and Scharnhorst, “Contemporary Reception of Walden,” 328–32.
53. Dean and Scharnhorst, “Contemporary Reception of Walden,” 293 (first quote); Oneida (NY) Circular quoted in Emerson and Thoreau, ed. Myerson, 413 (second quote); Alcott, Journals, 338 (third quote). See also New York Evening Post quoted in Gary Scharnhorst, “James T. Fields and Early Notices of Walden,” New England Quarterly 55 (March 1982): 116; Thomas Starr King quoted in Dean and Scharnhorst, “Contemporary Reception of Walden,” 307; and “An Original,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, April 11, 1849.
54. E. M. Schuster, “Native American Anarchism,” Smith College Studies in History 17 (October 1931–July 1932): 51–55, 59–64, 66, 69; Alcott, Journals, 201, 250; Derleth, Concord Rebel, 107; Isabel Paterson, “Henry David Thoreau, Native of Concord,” New York Herald Tribune Weekly Book Review, October 28, 1945, box 331, “News Clippings, Book Reviews,” Thoreau Fellowship Collection, Raymond H. Fogler Library, Special Collections Department, University of Maine, Orono.
55. Alcott, Journals, 183–84; George Frisbie Whicher, Walden Revisited: A Centennial Tribute to Henry David Thoreau (Chicago: Packard, 1945), 68–72; Carl Bode, “Thoreau the Actor,” American Quarterly 5 (Autumn 1953): 248.
56. Thoreau quoted in A. Bronson Alcott, Concord Days (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1872), 16–17; “Words That Burn,” National Anti-Slavery Standard, August 12, 1854. See also Liberator (Boston), February 25, 1859; Harding, Days of Henry Thoreau, 199–207; and Thoreau, Journal, 6:339, 357.
57. New York Daily Tribune quoted in Scharnhorst, Annotated Bibliography, 55 (quote). See also Boston Post, November 7, 1859; Harding, Days of Henry Thoreau, 416; Annie Russell Marble, Thoreau: His Home, Friends and Books (1902; reprint, New York: AMS Press, 1969), 167, 171; Liberator (Boston), November 4, 1859; and Salem (MA) Register, November 7, 1859.
58. Thoreau quoted in Charles A. Madison, Critics and Crusaders: A Century of American Protest (New York: Henry Holt, 1947), 188 (first quote); Thoreau, Journal, 12:325–29, 401, 405, 409, 412 (second quote). See also A. Bronson Alcott to Daniel Ricketson, November 6, 1859, in Letters of Alcott, ed. Herrnstadt, 306; Bronson Alcott quoted in Henry Steele Commager, “The Mind of Bronson Alcott,” New York Times, September 25, 1938, 83; and New York Evening Post, December 9, 1859.
59. Walls, Henry David Thoreau, 360; William Lyon Phelps, Henry David Thoreau: A Study (New York: Macmillan, 1924), 25; Thoreau, Journal, 9:151. See also Moller, Thoreau and the Human Community, 94; Mary Loomis Todd, “The Thoreau Family Two Generations Ago,” in Thoreau in His Own Time, ed. Petrulionis, 213; and Canby, Thoreau, 343.
60. Edward Sherman Hoar to Edward Sandford Burgess, January 4, 1893, in Thoreau in His Own Time, ed. Petrulionis, 142 (first quote); Salt, Life of Thoreau, 143 (second quote); Mary Mann to Mrs. Nathaniel Hawthorne, May 1862, in Thoreau as Seen, ed. Harding, 114 (third quote).
61. Boston Daily Advertiser, May 8, 1862.
62. Ethel Seybold, Thoreau: The Quest and the Classics (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1951), 1–2.
63. Daniel Gregory Mason, “The Idealistic Basis of Thoreau’s Genius,” Harvard Monthly, December 1897, 93.
1. Bronson Alcott to Daniel Ricketson, February 10, 1862, in The Letters of A. Bronson Alcott, ed. Richard L. Herrnstadt (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1968), 326–27. See also H. S. Canby, “Thoreau in History: The Story of a Literary Reputation,” Saturday Review of Literature 20 (July 15, 1939): 3.
2. Moncure D. Conway, “The Transcendentalists of Concord,” Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country 70 (August 1864): 256; Joseph Chamberlain, “The Nomad,” Boston Transcript, October 26, 1921, W6, Walden Pond, l, Walter Harding Collection (hereafter WHC), series III, Thoreau Institute, Lincoln, MA; Charles H. Adams, “Thoreau,” Yale Literary Magazine 31 (November 1865): 57 (first quote); Joseph Wood Krutch, “The Steady Fascination of Thoreau,” in The Recognition of Henry David Thoreau: Selected Criticism since 1848, ed. Wendell Glick (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1969), 298 (second quote).
3. A. H. P., “In Winter with Thoreau,” Unitarian Review (July 1888): 73 (first quote); Thomas Wentworth Higginson, “Henry David Thoreau,” in American Prose, ed. George Rice Carpenter (New York: Macmillan, 1898), 338 (second quote); New Haven (CT) Daily Palladium, October 24, 1863 (third quote). See also “Reviews and Literary Notices: Thoreau’s Maine Woods,” Atlantic Monthly, September 1864, 386; New York Times, December 18, 1887, 14; Boston Daily Atlas, October 21, 1854; “Notices of New Books: H. D. Thoreau, Cape Cod,” New Englander and Yale Review (July 1865): 602–3; and Fritz Oehlschlaeger and George Hendrick, eds., Toward the Making of Thoreau’s Modern Reputation: Selected Correspondence of S. A. Jones, A. W. Hosmer, H. S. Salt, H. G. O. Blake, and D. Ricketson (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979), 12.
4. Henry David Thoreau, The Writings of Henry David Thoreau, ed. Bradford Torrey, vol. 2, Journal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Riverside Press, 1906), 4 (first quote); Ulmus, “Who Is Responsible for New England Pantheism?,” Christian Register 28 (August 25, 1849): 136 (second quote); Boston Daily Atlas, October 21, 1854 (third quote). See also Vernon Louis Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought: An Interpretation of American Literature from the Beginnings to 1920 (1927; reprint, New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1930), 404; Baltimore Sun, June 15, 1849; New Hampshire Patriot and State Gazette in Joel Myerson, ed., Emerson and Thoreau: The Contemporary Reviews (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 345; “Thoreau’s Travels,” ibid., 346; Parish Priest, “Henry D. Thoreau,” ibid., 432–36; “The Maine Woods,” Universalist Quarterly 2 (October 1865): 530–31; and Henry Stephens Salt, Life of Henry David Thoreau (London: W. Scott, 1896), 107.
5. New York Times, November 23, 1863, 2; Alcott to Kenningale Robert Cook, April 9, 1873, in Letters of Alcott, ed. Herrnstadt, 589.
6. Canby, “Thoreau in History,” 3; Alexandra Krastin, “He Took to the Woods 100 Years Ago,” Saturday Evening Post, June 30, 1945, 298.
7. Ralph Waldo Emerson to Rufus Wilmot Griswold, September 25, 1841, in Thoreau in His Own Time, ed. Sandra Harbert Petrulionis (Ames: University of Iowa Press, 2012), 15 (first quote); Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Biographical Sketch,” in The Writings of Henry David Thoreau, vol. 1, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, Riverside Press ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1893), xxxiv (second quote).
8. Emerson, “Biographical Sketch,” xvii, xvi, xv, xxxv; “The Magazines,” New York Times, July 28, 1862, 2. See also Leo Marx, “Thoreau’s Excursions,” Yale Review (March 1962): 365; and Gabrielle Fitzgerald, “In Time of War: The Context of Emerson’s ‘Thoreau,’” American Transcendental Quarterly 41 (1979): 5, 8.
9. Franklin B. Sanborn, Henry D. Thoreau (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1882), 306 (first quote); New York Daily Tribune, July 20, 1865 (second quote); Thomas Wentworth Higginson, “Reviews and Literary Notices,” Atlantic Monthly, October 1865, 504 (third quote); “Book Notices,” Portland (ME) Transcript, July 29, 1865, in Henry David Thoreau: An Annotated Bibliography of Comment and Criticism before 1900, by Gary Scharnhorst (New York: Garland, 1992), 112 (fourth quote); Henry Seidel Canby, Thoreau (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1939), 445 (fifth quote). See also Salt, Life of Thoreau, 193; and “Reviews and Literary Notices: Thoreau’s Letters,” Atlantic Monthly, October 1865, 504–5.
10. James Russell Lowell, My Study Windows (1874; reprint, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1889), 197, 200, 109. See also Russell Blankenship, American Literature as an Expression of the National Mind (New York: Henry Holt, 1931), 344; Daniel A. Wells, “Thoreau’s Reputation in the Major Magazines, 1862–1900: A Summary and Index,” American Periodicals 4 (1994): 12–13; and Lewis Leary, “Century of Walden,” Nation 179 (August 7, 1954): 114.
11. Lowell, My Study Windows, 195, 201, 208.
12. Franklin Benjamin Sanborn, The Life of Henry David Thoreau (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1917), 372. See also Canby, Thoreau, 375.
13. Bernard Smith, Forces in American Criticism: A Study in the History of American Literary Thought (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1939), 23, 25, 27, 235 (quote); Townsend Scudder, “Henry David Thoreau,” in Literary History of the United States, ed. Robert E. Spiller et al. (New York: Macmillan, 1963–72), 1:410. See also Bronson Alcott, March 6, 1871, in The Journals of Bronson Alcott, ed. Odell Shepard (Boston: Little, Brown, 1938), 419; and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ralph Waldo Emerson (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885), 29–33.
14. Richard Rutland, “The Search for Walden,” Emerson Society Quarterly 23 (1977): 191 (first quote); Lowell, My Study Windows, 205; Lewis Leary, “Thoreau,” in Eight American Authors, ed. James Woodress (New York: Modern Language Association, 1956), 144. See also Henry Beetle Hough, Thoreau of Walden: The Man and His Eventful Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1956), 60–61; B. Smith, Forces in American Criticism, 239; and Canby, Thoreau, 292.
15. W. R. Alger, “The Literature of Friendship,” North American Review (July 1856): 110–11, in A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, D, Criticism, iii, series II, WHC; William Rounseville Alger, The Solitudes of Nature and of Man; or, The Loneliness of Human Life (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1866), 329–30, 332, 336. See also Canby, “Thoreau in History,” 3.
16. Robert Louis Stevenson, “Henry David Thoreau: His Character and Opinions,” in Recognition of Thoreau, ed. Glick, 66–68.
17. John Macy, The Spirit of American Literature (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1908), 171.
18. New York Times, September 30, 1862, 2; Portland (ME) Daily Advertiser, October 20, 1863; John Burroughs, “Manifold Nature,” North American Review (August 1916): 253.
19. Granville Hicks, The Great Tradition: An Interpretation of American Literature since the Civil War (New York: Macmillan, 1933), 3; Holmes, Ralph Waldo Emerson, 152. See also Brooks Atkinson, Henry Thoreau: The Cosmic Yankee (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1927), 3; Philadelphia Inquirer, September 24, 1866; New York Daily Tribune, September 12, 1873; Canby, Thoreau, 444; and William Sloane Kennedy, “A New Estimate of Thoreau,” in Recognition of Thoreau, ed. Glick, 92–93.
20. Krastin, “He Took to the Woods,” 79. See also Franklin W. Hamilton, Thoreau on the Art of Writing (Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, 1962), 77, box 328, Thoreau Fellowship Collection (hereafter TFC), Raymond H. Fogler Library, Special Collections Department, University of Maine, Orono; Lucy Lockwood Hazard, “Thoreau: The Intensive Pioneer,” in The Frontier in American Literature (New York: Barnes & Noble, 1941), 168; and Edwin S. Smith, “A Thoreau for Today,” pt. 2, Mainstream 13 (May 1960): 4–5.
21. Emerson quoted in Carl Bode, The Anatomy of American Popular Culture, 1840–1861 (1959; reprint, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1970), 207; Holmes, Ralph Waldo Emerson, 294; E. C. Gale, “The Walden Recluse,” Yale Literary Magazine (January 1883): 138; “New Books,” New York Times, November 23, 1863, 2. See also A. B., “Souls in Bundles,” Oneida (NY) Circular 10 (October 6, 1873): 324; B. Smith, Forces in American Criticism, 76; and A. G. Sedgwick, “Sanborn’s Thoreau,” Nation 35 (July 13, 1882): 34.
22. Daniel Walker Howe, “The Market Revolution and the Shaping of Identity in Whig-Jacksonian America,” in The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political, and Religious Expressions, 1800–1880, ed. Melvyn Stokes and Stephen Conway (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1996), 270, 271 (quote).
23. Hicks, Great Tradition, 4.
24. Ibid., 30–31; Canby, Thoreau, 447; Henry James quoted in Scharnhorst, Annotated Bibliography, 97. See also B. Smith, Forces in American Criticism, 230–31; and Atkinson, Cosmic Yankee, 4.
25. Alcott, Journals, 374. See also Daniel Gregory Mason, “The Idealistic Basis of Thoreau’s Genius,” in New England Writers and the Press, ed. Kenneth W. Cameron (Hartford, CT: Transcendental Books, 1980), 75; New York Daily Tribune, April 27, 1865; and New York Commercial Advertiser, August 27, 1866.
26. Albion 41 (November 7, 1863): 537 (first quote); Boston Recorder, October 23, 1863 (second quote); Thomas Storrow Higginson, “Henry D. Thoreau,” in Pertaining to Thoreau: A Gathering of Ten Significant Nineteenth-Century Opinions, ed. Samuel Arthur Jones (Hartford, CT: Transcendental Books, 1970), 39 (third quote).
27. Robert Sattelmeyer, “Walden: Climbing the Canon,” in More Day to Dawn: Thoreau’s “Walden” for the Twenty-First Century, ed. Sandra Harbert Petrulionis and Laura Dassow Walls (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2007), 12–13, 25 (quote); Philip G. Hubert Jr., “Concord and Thoreau,” Zion’s Herald, August 18, 1897, 33.
28. George Eliot, “Review of Walden,” in Recognition of Thoreau, ed. Glick, 12 (first quote); James Playsted Wood, “English and American Criticism of Thoreau,” New England Quarterly 6 (December 1933): 738 (second quote). See also Francis B. Dedmond, “100 Years of Walden,” Concord Journal, June 24, 1954, Walden, E, Miscellaneous, iii, j, Centenary, series II, WHC; W. Barksdale Maynard, Walden Pond: A History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 220; and “An American Rousseau,” Saturday Review (London) 18 (December 3, 1864), 694–95.
29. Henry Seidel Canby, “Thoreau: The Great Eccentric,” Saturday Review of Literature 4 (November 1927): 338; Edward Carpenter, England’s Ideal, and Other Papers on Social Subjects (New York: Scribner’s, 1919), 95–96. See also John Edwards quoted in Lonnie L. Willis, “The Thoreau Centenary in Britain,” American Studies International 37 (June 1999): 64; George Hendrick, “Henry S. Salt, the Late Victorian Socialists, and Thoreau,” New England Quarterly (September 1977): 416–22; Oehlschlaeger and Hendrick, Thoreau’s Modern Reputation, 20–24; Leary, “Century of Walden,” 114–15; Robert Stowell, “Thoreau’s Influence on an English Socialist,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Winter 1967): 1–3; Wood, “English and American Criticism,” 740–41; and Walter Harding, “Thoreau’s Fame Abroad,” in Recognition of Thoreau, ed. Glick, 316–18, 322.
30. Boston Daily Advertiser, April 9, 1878 (first quote); Quincy (IL) Whig, February 4, 1871 (second and third quotes); Alcott, Journals, 359 (fourth quote). See also Lawrence Buell, “The Thoreauvian Pilgrimage: The Structure of an American Cult,” American Literature 61 (May 1989): 194; and Krutch, “Steady Fascination of Thoreau,” in Recognition of Thoreau, ed. Glick, 298.
31. A. Bronson Alcott, “Thoreau,” Independent 24 (September 5, 1872): 1; Alcott, Concord Days (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1872), 12–13, 16.
32. Julian Hawthorne, The Memoirs of Julian Hawthorne, ed. Edith Garrigues Hawthorne (New York: Macmillan, 1938), 58; Wilson Flagg, “Concord Philosophy,” Boston Transcript, August 20, 1880; Bronson Alcott, “Thoreau,” in Recognition of Thoreau, ed. Glick, 48–49. See also Alcott, “Thoreau,” Independent, September 5, 1872, 1; and Alcott, Concord Days, 16.
33. William Ellery Channing quoted in Sanborn, Life of Thoreau, 488. See also F. B. Sanborn, Sixty Years of Concord, 1855–1915, ed. Kenneth Walter Cameron (Hartford, CT: Transcendental Books, 1976), 17–18; William Ellery Channing, “Life,” Nation (November 20, 1902): 403; “Thoreau,” Literary World 4 (September 1, 1873): 49; and New York Daily Tribune, October 14, 1871.
34. William Ellery Channing quoted in A. H. P., “In Winter with Thoreau,” 79 (first quote); William Ellery Channing, Thoreau: The Poet-Naturalist, with Memorial Verses (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1873), 10 (second quote), 34, 218, 243.
35. “New Publications,” New York Times, October 25, 1873, 11; Channing, Poet-Naturalist, 50. See also Horatio N. Powers, “Thoreau,” Dial 3 (August 1882): 70; and Edith Kellogg Dunton, “An Old and a New Estimate of Thoreau,” Dial (December 16, 1902): 465.
36. “Thoreau,” Literary World (September 1, 1873): 49 (first quote); Canby, Thoreau, 444 (second quote). See also Portland (ME) Daily Press, September 20, 1873; Boston Daily Advertiser, September 6, 1873; Cincinnati Daily Gazette, September 11, 1873; Massachusetts Spy (Worcester), September 19, 1873; New York Daily Tribune, September 12, 1873; and New York Evening Post, September 5, 1873.
37. “New Publications,” New York Times, October 25, 1873, 11 (first quote); New York Evening Post, September 5, 1873 (second quote).
38. Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Thoreau,” Atlantic Monthly, August 1862, 245 (first quote); Channing in “New Publications,” New York Times, October 25, 1873, 11 (second quote); A. D. Anderson, “Henry David Thoreau,” Nassau Literary Magazine (March 1878): 262 (third quote); Leila S. Taylor, “Thoreau’s Individualness,” Springfield (MA) Republican, September 5, 1880 (fourth quote). See also Francis H. Underwood, “Henry David Thoreau,” Good Words 29 (July 1888): 451; Mary Hosmer Brown, “Memories of Concord,” in Thoreau in His Own Time, ed. Petrulionis, 204; James T. Fields, “Our Poet-Naturalist,” in Papyrus Leaves, ed. William Fearing Gill (New York: Worthington, 1879), 31–35; and Montpelier (VT) Argus and Patriot, July 3, 1872.
39. “Contemporary Literature,” North American Review (May–June 1878): 547 (first quote); James Leonard Corning, “Henry Thoreau,” Independent, August 1, 1872, 11 (second quote); Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Short Studies of American Authors (Boston: Lee & Shepard, 1880), 24 (third quote), 28–30. See also John Nichol, American Literature: An Historical Sketch (Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black, 1882), 315; Springfield (MA) Republican quoted in Franklin Benjamin Sanborn, ed., Literary Studies and Criticism: Evaluations of the Writers of the American Renaissance (Hartford, CT: Transcendental Books, 1980), 25; Pendleton King, “Notes of Conversations with Emerson,” New York Herald Tribune, December 27, 1883; and Springfield (MA) Republican, May 2, 1878.
40. James Russell Lowell quoted in New York Times, September 20, 1885. See also Boston Journal, September 14, 1885.
41. George W. Cooke, “The Two Thoreaus,” Independent, December 10, 1896, 3; John Weiss and Thomas Wentworth Higginson quoted in Gilbert Payson Coleman, “Thoreau and His Critics,” Dial (June 1, 1906): 352–53.
42. Albert Line, Concord Authors at Home (Concord, MA: Erudite Press, 1902), 11 (quote), 16. See also, for example, Mary J. Stafford, “American Mecca,” Belford’s Magazine (August 1891): 413; Boston Daily Advertiser, September 3, 1894; B. W. Ball, “Old Concord—Sleepy-Hollow Cemetery,” Lowell (MA) Daily Citizen and News, December 9, 1865; and Springfield (MA) Weekly Republican, May 1, 1869.
43. Winthrop Packard, Literary Pilgrimages of a Naturalist (Boston: Small, Maynard, 1911), 92; Robert A. Gross, introduction to Traditions and Reminiscences of Concord, Massachusetts, 1779–1878, by Edward Jarvis, ed. Sarah Chapman (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993), xvi–ix; Annie Russell Marble, “Where Thoreau Worked and Wandered,” Critic (June 1902): 513–16; Philadelphia Inquirer, April 21, 1895.
44. Theodore F. Wolfe, Literary Shrines: The Haunts of Some Famous American Authors (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1895), 18. See also Harriet Mulford Lothrop, Old Concord: Her Highways and Byways (Boston: D. Lothrop, 1888), 28; Hannah R. Hudson, “Concord Books,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 71 (June 1875): 19; Buell, “Thoreauvian Pilgrimage,” 197, 199; “Emerson: A Literary Interview,” in Annotated Bibliography, by Scharnhorst, 275; Line, Concord Authors at Home, 9, 27–28; and New York Times, August 23, 1891, 11.
45. Hudson, “Concord Books,” 30; Rufus Rockwell Wilson, New England in Letters (New York: A. Wessels, 1904), 100; Gary Scharnhorst, Henry David Thoreau: A Case Study in Canonization (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1993), 28; Salt, Life of Thoreau, 189. See also Philip G. Hubert Jr., “Thoreau’s Concord,” New York Herald Tribune, September 13, 1896; Boston Daily Journal, August 22, 1883; M. Starr, “In and About Concord,” Chicago Inter Ocean, December 25, 1878; Marble, “Where Thoreau Worked and Wandered,” 509, 514–16; and Hamilton W. Mabie, “A May Day in Concord,” Christian Union 29 (June 5, 1884): 533.
46. Maynard, Walden Pond: A History, 155; Hubert, “Thoreau’s Concord.” See also Line, Concord Authors at Home, 6; and Mark W. Sullivan, Picturing Thoreau: Henry David Thoreau in American Visual Culture (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015), 35.
47. Alcott, Journals, 358 (first quote); Alcott quoted in Maynard, Walden Pond: A History, 156 (second quote) 157, 164–65. See also “A Visit to Thoreau’s Haunts,” Genius 1 (January 1888): 21–23, W6, Walden Pond, c, series III, WHC; and Walter Harding, introduction to Discovery at Walden, by Roland W. Robbins (Concord, MA: R. Robbins, 1947), x–xvi.
48. Alcott, Journals, 452. See also James Dawson, “A History of the Cairn,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Summer 2000): 1–3; Raymona Hull, “The Cairn at Walden Pond,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Winter 1968): 5–6; Alcott, Concord Days, 259; New York Herald Tribune (June 17, 1878); and Maynard, Walden Pond: A History, 174.
49. “Visit to Thoreau’s Haunts,” 22 (first quote); New York Tribune, August 21, 1866 (second quote); ibid., July 28, 1869 (third quote). See also Lowell (MA) Daily Citizen and News, July 28, 1868; New York Daily Tribune, September 3, 1870; Maynard, Walden Pond: A History, 34, 216–17; and S. R., “More Concord Days,” Friends’ Intelligencer 38 (August 27, 1881): 434.
50. Sophia Thoreau quoted in Maynard, Walden Pond: A History, 164; Wilson Flagg, The Woods and By-Ways of New England (Boston: James R. Osgood, 1872), 392.
51. Rose Hawthorne Lathrop, “Glimpses of Force: Thoreau and Alcott, 1891,” in Thoreau in His Own Time, ed. Petrulionis, 146 (first quote); Mabie, “May Day in Concord,” 533 (second quote). See also C. T. Ramsey, “Pilgrimage to the Haunts of Thoreau,” New England Magazine 50 (November 1913): 378–79; and Kansas Semi-Weekly Capital, November 9, 1894.
52. Ariana, “The Concord School of Philosophy,” Critic (April 28, 1882): 195. See also Sanborn, Sixty Years of Concord, 49–50.
53. “Philosophy at Concord,” pt. 2, Nation 31 (September 2, 1880): 164 (first quote); Worcester (MA) Daily Spy, July 29, 1879 (second quote); Boston Daily Journal, July 24, 1883 (third quote); New York Herald, February 28, 1881 (fourth quote). See also Springfield (MA) Republican, August 11, 1879, July 23, 1880, August 31, 1881; and Boston Daily Journal, July 13, 1880, July 14, 1881.
54. Springfield (MA) Republican, August 4, 1881 (first quote); “Philosophy at Concord,” 165 (second and third quotes). See also Alcott, Journals, 506; Boston Daily Advertiser, August 7, 1879; and Boston Journal, July 28, 1883.
55. John Burroughs, “Henry D. Thoreau,” Century Illustrated Magazine 24 (July 1882): 369 (first quote); Charles Abbott, “Thoreau,” in Recognition of Thoreau, ed. Glick, 128 (second quote); Abbott, “Thoreau,” Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, June 1895, 853 (third quote). See also Coleman, “Thoreau and His Critics,” 354.
56. H. A. Page [J. A. Japp], Thoreau: His Life and Aims, a Study (Boston: J. R. Osgood, 1877), x. See also Boston Daily Advertiser, November 28, 1877.
57. Page, Thoreau, 91–92, 95, 114 (quote), 224–25, 233. See also Athenaeum (November 3, 1877): 562, box 978, TFC; “Recent Literature,” Atlantic Monthly, May 1878, 672–73.
58. Robert Burns quoted in Page, Thoreau, 7. See also ibid., ix, 7, 10, 12–14, 49–51, 109; and North American Review (May 1878): 546–48.
59. Page, Thoreau, 1, 5, 50–51, 225, 233. See also Mrs. [Margaret] Oliphant, Francis of Assisi (London: R. Clay, Sons, and Taylor, 1887).
60. North American Review (May 1878): 548; J. V. O’Connor, “Thoreau and New England Transcendentalism,” Catholic World 27 (June 1878): 298; William Sharp, “Fascinating Henry Thoreau,” American Transcendental Quarterly (1977): 9–10 (from Encyclopedia Britannica). See also Thomas Hughes quoted in Academy (November 17, 1877), J, 6, Japp, series III, WHC; and Arthur Compton-Rickett, The Vagabond in Literature (1906; reprint, Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1968), 105–6.
61. George William Curtis, “Editor’s Easy Chair,” Harper’s Monthly, March 1878, 624. See also Thomas Hughes, “A Study of Thoreau,” Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature 27 (January 1878): 116.
62. Alcott, Journals, 357–58, 431 (first quote); Lowell (MA) Daily Citizen and News, August 25, 1869 (second quote). See also Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Cheerful Yesterdays (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1898), 170; Elizabeth Hall Witherell, “The Availability of Thoreau’s Texts and Manuscripts from 1862 to the Present,” in Thoreau’s World and Ours: A Natural Legacy, ed. Edmund A. Schofield and Robert C. Baron (Golden, CO: North American Press, 1993), 109–11, 115; Sanborn, Sixty Years of Concord, 17; and J. S. Wade, “Henry Thoreau and His Journal,” Nature Magazine 10 (July 1927): 53.
63. Canby, “Thoreau in History,” 3; Alcott, Journals, 451. See also Alcott to Ricketson, February 12, 1865, in Letters of Alcott, ed. Herrnstadt, 362–63; and Alcott, Concord Days, 264.
64. New York Times, September 20, 1880 (first quote); H. G. O. Blake, introduction to Early Spring in Massachusetts (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1881), iv (second quote). See also Springfield (MA) Republican, December 17, 1887.
65. Boston Daily Advertiser, June 16, 1884 (first quote); Isabella King, Harvard Register 3 (April 1881): 233, Journal, C, Editions, Early Spring in Massachusetts, series II, WHC (second quote). See also “Thoreau in Summer,” Literary World 15 (July 12, 1884): 223; Nation (January 5, 1888): 19; San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, December 17, 1887; and Springfield (MA) Republican, June 15, 1884.
66. New York Herald, February 28, 1881 (first quote); Hudson, “Concord Books,” 29 (second quote). See also “Thoreau’s ‘Autumn,’” in Annotated Bibliography, by Scharnhorst, 292–93; “Thoreau’s Portrait—by Himself,” Literary World (March 24, 1881), Journal, C. Editions, Early Spring in Massachusetts, series II, WHC; New York Times, March 12, 1881; Boston Daily Advertiser, June 16, 1884; and Nation 39 (July 31, 1884): 98–99.
67. “Thoreau’s Winter Journal,” Literary World (January 7, 1888) (first quote); “Thoreau in Summer,” Literary World (July 12, 1884): 223 (second quote). See also New York Times, March 12, 1881.
68. Odell Shepard, introduction to The Heart of Thoreau’s Journals, by Henry David Thoreau, ed. Shepard (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1927), ix (first quote); E. D. McCreary, “A Worshiper of Nature,” National Repository 5 (June 1879): 533 (second quote). See also Walter Hardy, “Some Forgotten Reviews of Walden,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Winter 1954): 3; and Bode, Anatomy of American Popular Culture, 208.
69. H. G. O. Blake, Selections from the Writings of Henry David Thoreau (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1890), iii, v; Henry Salt to S. A. Jones, June 30, 1890, in Thoreau’s Modern Reputation, ed. Oehlschlaeger and Hendrick, 75. See also George S. Hellman, review of The Maine Woods, by Thoreau, New York Times Book Review, October 22, 1909 631; Norman Foerster, “Humanism of Thoreau,” Nation (July 5, 1917): 9; and Cleveland Plain Dealer, November 16, 1890.
70. New York Times, September 20, 1880, 4.
71. Franklin Sanborn quoted in George William Curtis, Harper’s Monthly, September 1882, 632 (first quote); Sedgwick, “Sanborn’s Thoreau,” 34 (second quote); R. A. Oakes, “Thoreau,” Independent, August 26, 1883, 6 (third quote). See also “Literature,” Christian Advocate (July 13, 1882); New York Times, September 13, 1891; New York Herald Tribune, July 25, 1882; S. A. Jones to A. W. Hosmer, July 23, 1893, in Thoreau’s Modern Reputation, ed. Oehlschlaeger and Hendrick, 178; Powers, “Thoreau,” 70; and Sanborn, Sixty Years of Concord, 13, 42.
72. New York Times, September 20, 1880, 4 (first quote); Nation (October 18, 1894): 292 (second quote). See also Sanborn, Henry D. Thoreau, 242; “Concord and Thoreau,” Literary World (July 15, 1882): 227; and Louis J. Block, “Thoreau’s Letters,” Dial (October 16, 1894): 229–30.
73. Salt, Life of Thoreau, 11, 77, 98, 101, 156–60, 162, 194, 205; Hendrick, “Salt, the Late Victorian Socialists, and Thoreau,” 410–13, 418; John T. Flanagan, “Henry Salt and His Life of Thoreau,” New England Quarterly 28 (June 1955): 237; Samuel Arthur Jones, “Thoreau and His Biographers,” Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, August 1891, 225–26; Fritz Oehlschlaeger, “Henry Salt’s Third Biography of Thoreau,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Winter 1979): 3.
74. Sanborn, Life of Thoreau, 315 (first quote); Annie Russell Marble, Thoreau: His Home, Friends and Books (1902; reprint, New York: AMS Press, 1969), 183 (second quote); Underwood, “Henry David Thoreau,” 445.
75. Maynard, Walden Pond: A History, 175 (first quote); Powers, “Thoreau,” 71 (second quote); A. H. P., “In Winter with Thoreau,” 74 (third quote); Henry S. Salt, “Thoreau in Twenty Volumes,” Living Age (July–September 1908): 135 (fourth quote).
76. Dunton, “Old and New Estimate,” 464; Sattelmeyer, “Walden,” 15; “Thoreau’s Winter Journal,” Critic (March 3, 1888): 101; Oehlschlaeger and Hendrick, Thoreau’s Modern Reputation, 20, 53.
77. Donald G. Mitchell quoted in The Library of Literary Criticism of English and American Authors, ed. Charles Wells Moulton (Buffalo: Moulton, 1901), 6:277. See also Coleman, “Thoreau and His Critics,” 355; and “A Worshiper of Nature,” National Repository (June 1879): 528.
78. New York Herald Tribune, May 31, 1878 (from Catholic World). See also Corning, “Thoreau,” 11.
79. Jones, “Thoreau and His Biographers,” 227. See also Lippincott’s Magazine (August 1890): 277, Anti-slavery and Reform Papers, Criticism, series II, WHC; Abbott, “Thoreau,” Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, 854; and Cleveland Plain Dealer, February 3, 1879.
80. A. H. P., “In Winter with Thoreau,” 82.
1. A. S. Clark, “Notes of a Recent Visit to Walden Pond,” New York Times Book Review, December 23, 1899, 902; Edward Waldo Emerson, Henry Thoreau: As Remembered by a Young Friend (1917; reprint, Concord, MA: Thoreau Foundation, 1968), 48.
2. Clifton Johnson, introduction to Walden, by Henry David Thoreau (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1910), x–xi; Winthrop Packard, Literary Pilgrimages of a Naturalist (Boston: Small, Maynard, 1911), 66, 69; C. T. Ramsey, “Pilgrimage to the Haunts of Thoreau,” New England Magazine 50 (November 1913): 375.
3. In American Fields and Forests: Henry D. Thoreau, John Burroughs, John Muir, Bradford Torrey, Dallas Lore Sharp, Olive Thorne Miller (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1909), vi; Brander Matthews, “Concerning Out-Door Books,” Cosmopolitan, June 1981, 252; New York Herald, July 23, 1882; Albuquerque Morning Journal, March 8, 1918.
4. Joseph Wood Krutch, Henry David Thoreau (New York: W. Sloane Associates, 1948), 250–54; Lawrence Buell, “The Thoreauvian Pilgrimage: The Structure of an American Cult,” American Literature 61 (May 1989): 187–88.
5. P. Anderson Graham, Nature in Books: Some Studies in Biography (London: Methuen, 1891), 71. See also Norman Foerster, Nature in American Literature: Studies in the Modern View of Nature (New York: Russell & Russell, 1923), 75.
6. Millard C. Davis, “The Influence of Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman on the Early American Naturalists—John Muir and John Burroughs,” Living Wilderness (Winter 1966–67): 23, box 331, Thoreau Fellowship Collection, Raymond H. Fogler Library, Special Collections Department, University of Maine, Orono. See also Eric Christopher Lupfer, “The Emergence of American Nature Writing, 1860–1909: John Burroughs, Henry David Thoreau, and Houghton, Mifflin and Company” (PhD diss., University of Texas, 2003), 78, 158, 189–90; and Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), 23–25, 342.
7. Stanton Kirkham, East and West: Comparative Studies in Nature in Eastern and Western States (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1911), 1; Wallace Stegner, review of Speaking for Nature: How Literary Naturalists from Henry Thoreau to Rachel Carson Have Shaped America, by Paul Brooks, Sierra (January 1981): 109. See also Dallas Lore Sharp, The Lay of the Land (1908; reprint, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1922), 119–20.
8. Hans Huth, Nature and the American (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1957), 152, 156, 159; Edward Foster, The Civilized Wilderness (New York: Macmillan, 1975), 111.
9. S. H. Hammond and L. W. Mansfield, Country Margins and Rambles of a Journalist (New York: J. C. Derby, 1855), 40; Foster, The Civilized Wilderness, 102; Norman Foerster, “The Nature Cult To-Day,” Nation (April 11, 1912): 358.
10. Edith Dickson, “A Ramble among the Critics,” New York Times Book Review, August 18, 1900, 9; Leonard Gray, “The Growth of Thoreau’s Reputation,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Winter 1953): 3–4.
11. Frank Norris, “The ‘Nature’ Revival in Literature,” in The Responsibilities of the Novelist (Garden City, NY: Grant Richards, 1928), 137–38, 140 (quote), 141.
12. Springfield (MA) Republican, November 8, 1890.
13. John Macy, The Spirit of American Literature (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1908), 191 (quote), 192.
14. New York Times quoted in Edward J. Renehan Jr., John Burroughs: An American Naturalist (Post Mills, VT: Chelsea Green, 1992), 104. See also Lorenzo Sears, American Literature in the Colonial and National Periods (Boston: Little, Brown, 1902), 338; Peter J. Schmitt, Back to Nature: The Arcadian Myth in Urban America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990), 78–79; Kevin C. Armitage, The Nature Study Movement: The Forgotten Popularizer of America’s Conservation Ethic (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2009), 3, 5, 43, 62; Henry Chester Tracy, American Naturists (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1930), 210, 214; Francis Halsey, “The Rise of the Nature Writers,” American Monthly Review of Reviews 26 (1910): 567–71; and Ernest Ingersoll, “Outdoor Books,” New York Times, April 30, 1898, 281.
15. Arthur Compton-Rickett, The Vagabond in Literature (1906; reprint, Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1968), 10, 19, 30, 52, 61; Henry Stephens Salt, Life of Henry David Thoreau (London: W. Scott, 1896), 11–12; Armitage, Nature Study Movement, 27; Philip G. Hubert Jr., Liberty and a Living (New York: Putnam’s, 1889), 173–81; In American Fields and Forests, vi; New York Times, June 13, 1897, 22.
16. Maurice Thompson, By-Ways and Bird Notes (New York: John B. Alden, 1885), 44. See also Huth, Nature and the American, 146, 149, 188, 204.
17. Reginald L. Cook, Passage to Walden (Boston: Houghton Mifflin; New York: Russell & Russell, 1966), 19; Walter Besant, The Eulogy of Richard Jefferies (New York: Longman’s, Green, 1888), 214, 228–29; “One of the Very Greatest of God’s Naturalists,” Current Literature (November 1909): 516–17; New York Times, May 10, 1879, 6; New York Herald Tribune, December 5, 1888.
18. George H. Ellwanger, “The Sphere of Thoreau,” in Idyllists of the Country-Side (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1896), 177; Besant, Eulogy of Jefferies, 120, 165, 173, 206, 221–22, 227; Henry S. Salt, Richard Jefferies: A Study (London: Swan Sonnenschein, 1893), 9, 10–11, 19–20, 78, 188–90; “Two Books by Naturalists,” Critic 15 (January 3, 1891): 3; Compton-Rickett, The Vagabond in Literature, 146, 156.
19. Jefferies quoted in Besant, Eulogy of Jefferies, 130–31. See also H. S. Salt, “Richard Jefferies,” Littell’s Living Age (July 18, 1891): 186.
20. Fred Lewis Pattee, “Rise of the Nature Writers,” in A History of American Literature since 1870 (New York: Century, 1915), 144 (first and third quotes); Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Out-Door Papers (1863; reprint, Boston: Lee & Shepard, 1886), 251 (second quote).
21. Paul Brooks, Speaking for Nature: How Literary Naturalists from Henry Thoreau to Rachel Carson Have Shaped America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980), 62–65. See also Huth, Nature and the American, 100.
22. Wilson Flagg, The Woods and By-Ways of New England (Boston: James R. Osgood, 1872), v, ix–xi, xiii, xv, 21, 23–25, 134 (quote). See also W. G. Barton, “Thoreau, Flagg, and Burroughs,” in Songs and Saunterings by a Poet and Naturalist (Salem, MA: Salem Press, 1892), 5.
23. “Outdoor Life in Books,” New York Times Book Review, June 2, 1900, 8.
24. Bernard Smith, Forces in American Criticism: A Study in the History of American Literary Thought (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1939), 231; Sharp, Lay of the Land, 111, 124 (quote), 125. See also Thompson, By-Ways and Bird Notes, 111.
25. Lupfer, “Emergence of American Nature Writing,” 13, 18, 54, 77–81, 121 (quote), 127, 131, 166, 197; W. Barksdale Maynard, Walden Pond: A History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 220. See also Henry Steele Commager, “At the Center of the Flowering of New England,” New York Times Book Review, October 6, 1963, 293; Eric Christopher Lupfer, “Before Nature Writing: Houghton, Mifflin and Company and the Invention of the Outdoor Book, 1800–1900,” Book History 14 (2001): 181; Boston Daily Journal, December 20, 1870; and New York Times Book Review, September 30, 1899, 648.
26. Armitage, Nature Study Movement, 2.
27. George Cotkin, Reluctant Modernism: American Thought and Culture, 1880–1900 (New York: Twayne, 1992), 18, 133 (quote), 145–46.
28. Sharp, Lay of the Land, 101; William Beebe, The Log of the Sun: A Chronicle of Nature’s Year (New York: Henry Holt, 1906), 265–66; Bradford Torrey, A Rambler’s Lease (Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1889), 32, 48–49, 52, 103–5 (quote). See also Armitage, Nature Study Movement, 1, 11, 27, 31; Henry Childs Merwin, “Books about Nature,” Scribner’s Magazine, April 1903, 430; and “Thoreau’s Life,” Spectator, October 18, 1890, 527, S, 3, Salt, Henry S, series III, Walter Harding Collection (hereafter WHC), Thoreau Institute, Lincoln, MA.
29. Schmitt, Back to Nature, 21–22.
30. Halsey, “Rise of the Nature Writers,” 568; Tracy, American Naturists, 190–92; Schmitt, Back to Nature, 34–35; Brooks, Speaking for Nature, 169–76.
31. Macon (GA) Telegraph, February 18, 1889. See also Bradford Torrey, Birds in the Bush (Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1885); review of Birds in the Bush, by Torrey, Literary World (June 13, 1885): 203; Brooks, Speaking for Nature, 140, 141, 143–46; and Ernest Ingersoll, “Four Outdoor Books,” New York Times Book Review, January 14, 1899, 22.
32. Caroline A. Creevey, Flowers of Field, Hill, and Swamp (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1897), 18 (first quote); Joel Benton, “150 Books for Summer Reading,” New York Times Book Review, June 25, 1898, 409 (second quote). See also F. Schuyler Mathews, Familiar Life in Field and Forest: The Animals, Birds, Frogs, and Salamanders (New York: D. Appleton, 1898), 3.
33. Montpelier (VT) Argus and Patriot, February 6, 1889 (first quote); Sharp, Lay of the Land, 2, 8, 38–39, 45, 46 (second quote), 161–62, 208–9. See also Beebe, Log of the Sun, vii, 10–11, 113, 134–35, 179–81 191; Mabel Osgood Wright, “Hudson’s ‘Hampshire Days,’” New York Times Book Review, November 14, 1903, 1; Torrey, A Rambler’s Lease, 22, 46; Paul Burnill Jenkins, “Nature for Nature’s Sake,” Nassau Literary Magazine (June 1891): 108–10; Merwin, “Books about Nature,” 430–32, 437; Thompson, By-Ways and Bird Notes, 106–7, 110; New York Times Book Review, June 22, 1913, 373; “New England Nature Studies: Thoreau, Burroughs, Whitman,” Edinburgh Review 208 (October 1908): 343, 346; and Springfield (MA) Sunday Republican, May 27, 1894.
34. Charles C. Abbott, A Naturalist’s Rambles about Home (New York: D. Appleton, 1885); New York Times, March 7, 1886, 12. See also John Burroughs, “Manifold Nature,” North American Review (August 1916): 249; Thompson, By-Ways and Bird Notes, 42; and Paul Elmer More, Shelburne Essays (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1904), 4.
35. Beebe, Log of the Sun, 128, 310, 317 (quote). See also Merwin, “Books about Nature,” 430; Armitage, Nature Study Movement, 6–7, 44; and Mooney’s Magazine quoted in Kansas City Times, June 9, 1921.
36. Buell, Environmental Imagination, 34, 346 (quote); Henry A. Beers, An Outline Sketch of American Literature (New York: Chautauqua Press, 1887), 145. See also Gary Scharnhorst, Henry David Thoreau: A Case Study in Canonization (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1993), 47; Frederick Miller Smith, “Thoreau,” Critic (July 1900): 60–67; John R. Spears, review of Walden, by Thoreau, New York Times Book Review, October 4, 1902, 12; Ellwanger, “The Sphere of Thoreau,” 178; “The Riverside Thoreau,” Outlook, February 10, 1894, 283; “The Love of Nature,” Current Literature (November 1902): 519–20; and “Thoreau’s Journal,” Independent, July 13, 1905, 103.
37. “The Diary of a Poet-Naturalist,” Current Literature (November 1905): 510–12. See also William Howarth, “The Journal of Henry D. Thoreau, 1906–2006,” Princeton University Library Chronicle (Summer 2006): 642–43.
38. Buell, Environmental Imagination, 341; F. B. Sanborn, “Thoreau in His Journals,” Dial (February 17, 1907): 107, Journal, C, Editions, Writings of Henry David Thoreau, series II, WHC; Paul Elmer More quoted in Howarth, “Journal of Thoreau,” 637, 653. See also Mark Van Doren, Henry David Thoreau: A Critical Study (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916), 1; Buell, Environmental Imagination, 27; Norman Foerster, “Humanism of Thoreau,” Nation (July 5, 1917): 9; Henry S. Salt, “Thoreau in Twenty Volumes,” Living Age (July–September 1908): 131–39; and “Thoreau’s Works in New Edition,” New York Times Book Review, July 6, 1907, 427.
39. Bradford Torrey quoted in Wendell Glick, ed., The Recognition of Henry David Thoreau: Selected Criticism since 1848 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1969), 142 (first quote); Emerson, As Remembered by a Young Friend, vii (second quote); Barrett Wendell quoted in Glick, Recognition of Thoreau, 151–52 (third quote); Graham, Nature in Books, 86 (fourth quote). See also Hamilton W. Mabie, “Thoreau: A Prophet of Nature,” Outlook, June 3, 1905, 282; Tracy, American Naturists, 73; Van Doren, Henry David Thoreau, 67; “The Centenary of Thoreau,” Outlook, September 12, 1917, 44; and “A Worshiper of Nature,” National Repository 5 (June 1879): 525.
40. Salt, “Thoreau in Twenty Volumes,” 136 (first quote); Daniel Gregory Mason, “The Idealistic Basis of Thoreau’s Genius,” Harvard Monthly (December 1897): 83 (second quote); Macy, Spirit of American Literature, 171, 174 (third quote); H. S. Canby, “Thoreau in History: The Story of a Literary Reputation,” Saturday Review of Literature (July 15, 1939): 4 (fourth quote). See also Paul Elmer More, “A Hermit’s Notes on Thoreau,” in Thoreau: A Century of Criticism, ed. Walter Roy Harding (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1954), 98; Michael Curtis Meyer, Several More Lives to Live: Thoreau’s Political Reputation in America (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977), 18–19; and Scharnhorst, Case Study in Canonization, 44, 56–57.
41. Dallas Lore Sharp, The Seer of Slabsides (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910), 46–47; Boston Evening Journal, January 19, 1889; Renehan, John Burroughs, 65; Hamilton Wright Mabie, “John Burroughs,” Century, August 1897, 560–66; Schmitt, Back to Nature, 24–25; Henry Litchfield West, “John Burroughs,” Outing and the Wheelman, January 1885, 280–85; Anaconda (MT) Standard, March 30, 1921; Baltimore American, March 30, 1921.
42. Clara Barrus, The Life and Letters of John Burroughs (New York: Russell & Russell, 1968), 1:247; Pattee, “Rise of the Nature Writers,” 151; Barton, “Thoreau, Flagg, and Burroughs,” 14. See also Frederick Perkins, “Nature in Thoreau and Burroughs,” Collegian (February 1889): 123, B, 105, Burroughs File, series III, WHC; West, “Burroughs,” 284–85; and New York Times, January 14, 1876, 2.
43. Burroughs quoted in Pattee, “Rise of the Nature Writers,” 148; Sharp, The Seer of Slabsides, 50; W. Sloane Kennedy, “John Burroughs,” Californian (August 1882): 187. See also Burroughs quoted in Renehan, John Burroughs, 4; Barrus, Life and Letters of Burroughs, 2:2, 5–6, 247, 327–28, 334; Herbert S. Gorman, “John Burroughs Lacked the True Touch of Greatness,” New York Times Book Review, January 3, 1926, 3; Cook, Passage to Walden, 29; W. Sloane Kennedy, The Real John Burroughs: Personal Recollection and Friendly Estimate (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1924), 6; Lupfer, “Emergence of American Nature Writing,” 24–26; “An Estimate of Burroughs,” Current Literature (September 1897): 203; and New York Times, May 2, 1886: 12.
44. John Burroughs quoted in Gorman, “Burroughs Lacked the True Touch of Greatness,” 3 (also quoted in Barrus, Life and Letters of Burroughs, 2:564); Thomas Wentworth Higginson, “Henry David Thoreau,” in American Prose, ed. George Rice Carpenter (New York: Macmillan, 1898), 341. See also John L. Hervey quoted in “The Strength and the Weakness of John Burroughs,” Current Opinion (July 1921): 74; Burroughs quoted in Kennedy, Real John Burroughs, 77, 223–24, 189; Schmitt, Back to Nature, 24; “An Estimate of Burroughs,” 203; and New York Times, May 8, 1881, 10.
45. John Burroughs, “Critical Glance into Thoreau,” 783; Kennedy, Real John Burroughs, 225. See also John Burroughs, “Henry D. Thoreau,” Century Illustrated Magazine, July 1882, 376, 377; John Burroughs, “Henry David Thoreau,” Chautauquan (June 1889): 533; James Perrin Warren, John Burroughs and the Place of Nature (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2006), 15, 19; and John Burroughs, Indoor Studies (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1902), 9–11.
46. John Burroughs quoted in Barrus, Life and Letters of Burroughs, 2:335–36.
47. Burroughs, “Critical Glance into Thoreau,” 781 (first quote); Barton, “Thoreau, Flagg, and Burroughs,” 15 (second quote), 7 (third quote).
48. John Burroughs quoted in Hildegarde Hawthorne, “John Burroughs’s Last Book,” New York Times Book Review, December 17, 1922, 53 (first quote); John Burroughs, “Thoreau’s Wildness,” Critic (March 26, 1881): 74 (second quote); Kennedy, Real John Burroughs, 222 (third quote); Ellwanger, “The Sphere of Thoreau,” 192 (fourth quote). See also Sharp, The Seer of Slabsides, 48–49, 59; and William Lyon Phelps, Henry David Thoreau: A Study (New York: Macmillan, 1924), 32.
49. Otis B. Wheeler, The Literary Career of Maurice Thompson (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1965), 3–4, 39 (first quote), 42; Thompson, By-Ways and Bird Notes, 26, 84, 87, 93 (second quote), 103, 116; W. H. Hudson, Idle Days in Patagonia (London: Chapman & Hall, 1893), 221 (third quote), 226 (fourth quote). See also Brooks, Speaking for Nature, 44, 202; Enos Mills, The Adventures of a Nature Guide (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page, 1923), ix; Charles C. Abbott, Recent Rambles; or, In Touch with Nature (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1892), 49–50; and Beebe, Log of the Sun, 172–73.
50. Kirkham, East and West, 3, 9 (first quote), 10, 31, 51 (second quote), 105, 193–94, 246–47.
51. Hudson, Idle Days in Patagonia, 228; W. T. Worth, “Thoreau: A Study,” Zion’s Herald, September 4, 1901, 1130; Lincoln Adams, “A Faithful Lover of Nature,” Frank Leslie’s Popular Monthly 33 (May 1892): 574.
52. Archibald MacMechan, “Thoreau,” in The Cambridge History of American Literature, ed. William Peterfield Trent (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1917), 10, 12 (first quote); Norman Foerster, “Thoreau and ‘the Wild,’” Dial (June 28, 1917): 8, 9 (second quote), in Excursions, C, Individual Titles, 7, “Walking,” c, series II, WHC.
53. Mary Austin, The Land of Little Rain (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1904), 3; Theodore Watts-Dunton, Henry Thoreau and Other Children of the Open Air (Cedar Rapids, IA: Torch Press, 1910), 33.
54. Nicholas Roosevelt, “Muir of the Western Mountains,” New York Times Book Review, December 28, 1924, 1; Edmund Way Teale, introduction to The Wilderness World of John Muir, by John Muir (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1954), xviii.
55. Edith Franklin Wyatt, “Two Woodsmen,” North American Review 204 (September 1916): 436. See also Stephen R. Fox, John Muir and His Legacy: The American Conservation Movement (Boston: Little, Brown, 1981); and Donald Worster, A Passion for Nature: The Life of John Muir (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).
56. Muir, Wilderness World, 100.
57. Kennedy, Real John Burroughs, 166 (first quote); Pattee, “Rise of the Nature Writers,” 154, 156 (second and third quotes).
58. Muir, Wilderness World, 169 (first and fourth quotes), 170, 182 (third quote), 185 (second quote), 186, 221.
59. In American Fields and Forests, 193–94, 195, 210, 213 (first quote); Muir, Wilderness World, 48–49, 151 (second quote), 155–56.
60. Roosevelt, “Muir of the Western Mountains,”1; Muir, Wilderness World, 104–5, 163–64; “The Agassiz of the Pacific Slope,” Current Literature (July 1899): 40; Raymond Holden, “Search for the Untouched,” New York Times Book Review, September 26, 1954, 7.
61. Pattee, “Rise of the Nature Writers,” 155; Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Short Studies of American Authors (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1888), 24; Wyatt, “Two Woodsmen,” 435–36; Cook, Passage to Walden, 34; Teale, introduction to Wilderness World, xi.
62. Teale, introduction to Wilderness World, xv. See also Brooks, Speaking for Nature, 18.
63. Muir, Wilderness World, 231. See also New York Times Book Review, January 4, 1902, 4; Teale, introduction to Wilderness World, xiii; and Roosevelt, “Muir of the Western Mountains,” 24.
64. Davis, “Influence of Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman,” 19, 22 (quote).
65. Hiram M. Stanley, “Thoreau as a Prose Writer,” Dial 21 (October 1, 1896): 179, 181 (first quote); “Birds and Laws,” Miami Herald, August 29, 1921 (second quote). See also “An Estimate of Burroughs,” 203.
66. Schmitt, Back to Nature, 45. See also Ralph H. Lutts, The Nature Fakers: Wildlife, Science & Sentiment (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1990).
67. Kirkham, East and West, 141 (quotes), 143; Torrey, A Rambler’s Lease, 118 (second quote); Dallas Lore Sharp, “The Nature Writer,” Outlook, April 30, 1910, 994 (third quote), 998–99, 1000. See also Schmitt, Back to Nature, 36, 45; and Charles C. Abbott, Outings at Odd Times (New York: D. Appleton, 1890), 27.
68. Brooks, Speaking for Nature, 207. See also Tracy, American Naturists, 240–42.
69. Schmitt, Back to Nature, 54. See also William J. Long, Ways of the Wood Folk (Andover, MA: by the author, 1899), vi.
70. Sharp, “The Nature Writer,” 997 (first quote); John Burroughs quoted in Kennedy, Real John Burroughs, 147, 149 (second quote), 151; William J. Long quoted in Renehan, John Burroughs, 233–35, 238 (third quote).
71. Renehan, John Burroughs, 232–33, 239; Brooks, Speaking for Nature, 209–10; Kennedy, Real John Burroughs, 156.
72. Foerster, Nature in American Literature, 89 (first quote), 90 (second quote); Bradford Torrey, introduction The Writings of Henry David Thoreau: Journal, ed. Torrey, vol. 1, 1837–1846 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1906), xliv (fourth quote), xlv (third quote). See also “Thoreau’s Works in New Edition,” New York Times Book Review, July 6, 1907, 427.
73. H. W. Boynton, “Mr. Torrey’s ‘Thoreau,’” New York Times Book Review, October 20, 1906, 681.
74. John Burroughs quoted in New York Times, November 10, 1894 (first quote); Fannie Hardy Eckstorm, “Thoreau’s Maine Woods,” in Thoreau, ed. Harding, 106 (second quote), 110 (third quote), 115. See also Burroughs, “Critical Glance into Thoreau,” 778; and Burroughs quoted in Barrus, Life and Letters of Burroughs, 2:264.
75. Francis H. Allen, “Thoreau’s Knowledge of Birds,” Nation 150 (September 22, 1910): 261; Charles C. Abbott, Notes of the Night, and Other Outdoor Sketches (New York: Century, 1896), 223; Charles F. Richardson, American Literature, 1607–1885 (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1891), 1:387. See also “Widening Influence of Thoreau,” Current Literature (August 1908): 170–71.
76. Joshua W. Caldwell, “Ten Volumes of Thoreau,” New Englander and Yale Review (November 1891): 422 (first quote), 423 (second quote); More, Shelburne Essays, 15.
77. Caldwell, “Ten Volumes of Thoreau,” 421 (first quote), 422 (second quote).
78. Lawrence Buell, “Henry Thoreau and the American Canon,” in New Essays on “Walden,” ed. Robert F. Sayre (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 37 (first quote); Buell, Environmental Imagination, 353 (second quote); Charles Abbott quoted in Glick, Recognition of Thoreau, 129 (third quote). See also Abbott, “Thoreau,” Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine (June 1895): 855; Paul Elmer More quoted in Glick, Recognition of Thoreau, 156–57; and Marble, Thoreau, 276.
79. Pattee, “Rise of the Nature Writers,” 139.
80. Foerster, Nature in American Literature, 89 (first quote); Thoreau quoted in “New England Nature Studies,” 353 (second quote); Van Doren, Henry David Thoreau, 112 (third quote). See also Armitage, Nature Study Movement, 32; Odell Shepard, “Paradox of Thoreau,” Scribner’s Magazine, September 1920, 342; and Bradford Torrey, Friends on the Shelf (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1906), 134–35, 143.
81. Foerster, “The Nature Cult To-Day,” 358. See also Foerster, “Humanism of Thoreau,” 11; A. H. P., “In Winter with Thoreau,” Unitarian Review (July 1888): 81; Pattee, “Rise of the Nature Writers,” 140; and Joseph Wood Krutch, Great American Nature Writing (New York: Sloane, 1950), 5.
82. Edward Waldo Emerson, “Centenary of Henry David Thoreau: Personal Recollections,” Bookman 52 (June 1917): 82 (first quote), 84; Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 15, 1917 (second quote). See also Philadelphia Inquirer, October 16, 1917; London Times quoted in New York Times, August 26, 1917, 63; Portland Oregonian, July 22, 1917; and Lonnie L. Willis, “The Thoreau Centenary in Britain,” American Studies International 37 (June 1999): 43–44, 47–48.
83. Henry David Thoreau quoted in Wyatt, “Two Woodsmen,” 426. See also Burroughs, “Manifold Nature,” 245–46.
1. Raymond B. Fosdick, “The Individual’s Place in the Age of Machines,” New York Times, June 22, 1930, E4.
2. Walter Fuller Taylor, A History of American Letters (Boston: American Book, 1936), 166; Donald Culross Peattie, “Is Thoreau a Modern?,” North American Review (Spring 1938): 159–61. See also Henry Steele Commager, “The Roaring Forties,” New York Times Sunday Magazine, March 30, 1941, 14; Gerald Carson, “An American Heretic,” Bookman (January 1928): 581–82; and Charles G. Walcutt, “Thoreau in the Twentieth Century,” South Atlantic Quarterly 39 (1940): 168.
3. Robert Sattelmeyer, “Walden: Climbing the Canon,” in More Day to Dawn: Thoreau’s Walden for the Twenty-First Century, ed. Sandra Harbert Petrulionis and Laura Dassow Walls (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2007), 20 (first quote), 18 (second quote). See also Henry Seidel Canby, “Thoreau: A New Estimate,” Saturday Review of Literature (December 3, 1949): 15–16; Randall Stewart, “The Growth of Thoreau’s Reputation,” College English 17 (January 1946): 208, 210–11; and Leonard Gray, “The Growth of Thoreau’s Reputation,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Winter 1953): 3.
4. Henry W. Nevison, Essays in Freedom and Rebellion (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1921), 112 (quote), 113–14; Walcutt, “Thoreau in the Twentieth Century,” 168; Russell Blankenship, American Literature as an Expression of the National Mind (New York: Henry Holt, 1931), 311; Thomas L. Collins, “Thoreau’s Coming of Age,” Sewanee Review 49 (1941): 59. See also Gilbert Seldes, “Thoreau,” in The Recognition of Henry David Thoreau: Selected Criticism since 1848, ed. Wendell Glick (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1969), 273–74.
5. Raymond B. Fosdick, The Old Savage in the New Civilization (Garden City, NY: Doubleday Doran, 1928), 10–11. See also George Shelton Hubbell, “Walden Revisited: A Grammar of Dissent,” Sewanee Review 27 (July 1929): 283–87.
6. James Mackaye, ed., Thoreau: Philosopher of Freedom: Writings on Liberty by Henry David Thoreau (New York: Vanguard Press, 1930), xii; Brooks Atkinson, “Two or Three Ideas,” New York Times, December 27, 1931, 89. See also Michael Curtis Meyer, Several More Lives to Live: Thoreau’s Political Reputation in America (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977), 68.
7. Cornelia James Cannon, “The New Leisure,” North American Review (September 1, 1926): 498–500; Henry Seidel Canby, “Thoreau: The Great Eccentric,” Saturday Review of Literature (November 1927): 338. See also Ralph Henry Gabriel quoted in George Frisbie Whicher, ed., The Transcendentalist Revolt (Lexington, MA: Heath, 1968), 25.
8. Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, The Rise of American Civilization (New York: Macmillan, 1927), 715, 786 (quote), 794, 800. See also Meyer, Several More Lives to Live, 21, 25.
9. Lewis Mumford, The Brown Decades (1931; reprint, New York: Dover, 1966), 62–65.
10. Brooks Atkinson (paraphrasing Mumford), “Looking towards the Future from a Study of the Past,” New York Times Book Review, December 19, 1926, 2 (first quote); Lewis Mumford, “Renewal of the Landscape,” 71 (second and fourth quote); Mumford, The Golden Day: A Study in American Experience and Culture (New York: Horace Liveright, 1926), 114 (third quote).
11. Sattelmeyer, “Walden: Climbing the Canon,” 19 (first quote); Vernon Louis Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought: An Interpretation of American Literature from the Beginnings to 1920 (1927; reprint, New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1930), 406 (second quote), 400 (third quote).
12. Léon Bazalgette, Henry Thoreau: Bachelor of Nature (London: Jonathan Cape, 1925), 78, 89 (quote), 248, 243–44. See also Waldo Frank, “Bazalgette and Thoreau,” Dial (March 1925): 232.
13. “Bachelor of Nature and Hermit of Walden Pond,” New York Times Book Review, December 7, 1924 (first quote); Gordon Hall Gerould, “Interpreting Thoreau,” Bookman (February 1925): 768, B21, Bazalgette, series III, Walter Harding Collection (hereafter WHC), Thoreau Institute, Lincoln, MA (second quote); Norman Foerster, “A French Estimate of Thoreau,” New York Sun, December 13, 1824, quoted ibid. (third quote).
14. Bazalgette, Henry Thoreau, 138.
15. Brooks Atkinson, Henry Thoreau: The Cosmic Yankee (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1927), 2–3, 8, 49–50 (quote), 51–52. See also Odell Shepard, introduction to The Heart of Thoreau’s Journals, ed. Shepard (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1927), viii; and Brooks Atkinson, “Thoreau: ‘Cracking the Hard Facts,’” New York Times Book Review, October 3, 1948, 4.
16. Henry Seidel Canby, “American Challenge,” Saturday Review of Literature (September 2, 1939): 12. See also Canby, “Men of Concord and Some Others as Portrayed in the Journal of Henry David Thoreau,” Saturday Review of Literature 15 (December 5, 1936): 16, Journals, C, Editions, series II, WHC; and Canby, Thoreau (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1939), 383–84.
17. Howard Zahniser, Nature 35 (1939): 551, C7, Canby, series III, E, WHC; Walcutt, “Thoreau in the Twentieth Century,” 168; Clifton Fadiman, review of Thoreau, by Henry Canby, New Yorker, December 7, 1939, C7, Canby, series III, WHC.
18. Reader’s Digest quoted in Sattelmeyer, “Walden: Climbing the Canon,” 20; Sinclair Lewis, “One Man Revolution,” in Thoreau: A Century of Criticism, ed. Walter Roy Harding (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1954), 148–49. See also Sinclair Lewis quoted in Mark W. Sullivan, Picturing Thoreau: Henry David Thoreau in American Visual Culture (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015), 53; and Lucy Lockwood Hazard, “Thoreau: The Intensive Pioneer,” in The Frontier in American Literature (New York: Barnes & Noble, 1941), 168.
19. Stewart, “Growth of Thoreau’s Reputation,” 211–12, 213 (quote).
20. Gary Scharnhorst, Henry David Thoreau: Case Study in Canonization (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1993), 51 (first quote); John Edwards, “Henry David Thoreau,” Socialist Review 14 (1917): 422, E12, series III, WHC (second quote). See also John Macy, The Spirit of American Literature (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1908), 174; and Richard Tuerk, “Recreating American Literary Tradition: Michael Gold on Emerson and Thoreau,” Markham Review 15 (Fall–Winter 1985–86): 9, G22, series III, WHC.
21. V. F. Calverton quoted in Glick, Recognition of Thoreau, 344 (first quote); Calverton, The Liberation of American Literature (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1932), xi–xii, 27, 50, 225, 232, 235, 245, 264 (second and third quotes), 255, 262–64, 269, 270.
22. Granville Hicks, The Great Tradition: An Interpretation of American Literature since the Civil War (New York: Macmillan, 1933), 10 (quote), 212–14.
23. F. O. Matthiessen, American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman (New York: Oxford University Press, 1941), 86.
24. Irwin Edman, Fountainheads of Freedom (New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1942), 3 (first quote), 150–53; Collins, “Thoreau’s Coming of Age,” 58–60, 63 (second quote), 64–66. See also Scharnhorst, Case Study in Canonization, 62.
25. Walter Harding, “Century of Thoreau,” Audubon (March 1945): 84. See also Alice Felt Tyler, Freedom’s Ferment (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1944), 58; and Francis B. Dedmond, “100 Years of Walden,” Concord (MA) Journal, June 24, 1954, E, Miscellaneous, iii, series II, WHC.
26. New York Times, June 17, 1945, Walden, E, Miscellaneous, iii, j, Centenary, series II, WHC.
27. Harding, “Century of Thoreau,” 80–84; Charles A. Madison, Critics and Crusaders: A Century of American Protest (New York: Henry Holt, 1947), 163–73.
28. T. Morris Longstreth, review of “Walden” Revisited: A Centennial Tribute to Henry David Thoreau, by George Frisbie Whicher, Christian Science Monitor, July 11, 1945, W41, E, Miscellaneous, iii, j, Centenary, series II, WHC; Jacques Ducharme, “An American Classic,” Think (November 1954): 28, Walden, E, Miscellaneous, iii, j, Centenary, series II, WHC. See also C. R. B. Combellack, “Two Critics of Society—Marx and Thoreau,” Pacific Spectator (Autumn 1949): 440, 445; R. N. Stromberg, “Thoreau and Marx: A Century After,” Social Studies (February 1949): 53–56; Joseph Wood Krutch, “Thoreau’s Literary Reputation,” Christian Science Monitor, May 1949, K45, Krutch, Joseph Wood, series III, WHC; “Thoreau’s Walden Is Now 100,” Des Moines (IA) Sunday Register, July 8, 1945, Walden, E, Miscellaneous, iii, j, Centenary, series II, WHC; Rev. Leonard B. Gray, “Written 100 Years Ago: Thoreau’s Famed Walden,” Worcester (MA) Sunday Telegram, July 4, 1954, Walden, E, Miscellaneous, iii, j, Centenary, series II, WHC; and Elizabeth Keiper, “Thoreau’s Pen, a Century Ago, Wrote Truths for Today,” Rochester (NY) Times-Union, July 16, 1954.
29. Fosdick, Old Savage, 23.
30. Joseph Wood Krutch, Human Nature and the Human Condition (New York: Random House, 1959), 142–43.
31. Henry Miller, preface to Life without Principle: Three Essays by Henry David Thoreau (Stanford, CA: James Ladd Delkin, 1946), 3; Herbert Faulkner West, “Strange Interlude—Thoreau Voice of America,” in Rebel Thought (Boston: Beacon, 1953), 210; John Haynes Holmes, “Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience,” Christian Century 66 (January–June 1949): 789.
32. Wendell Glick, “Civil Disobedience: Thoreau’s Attack upon Relativism,” Western Humanities Review 7 (Winter 1952–53): 35, Anti-slavery and Reform Papers, Criticism, C, Individual Titles, series II, WHC; Waldo Frank, “Thoreau’s Walden: One Hundred Years,” New York Times Book Review, August 8, 1954, 7. On Richard Boyer, see New York Herald Tribune, April 20, 1949, Civil Disobedience, Miscellaneous Clippings file, 1849–1959, series II, WHC. See also Samuel Sillen, “Thoreau in Today’s America,” Masses and Mainstream (December 1954): 9; and Isabel Paterson, “Henry David Thoreau, Native of Concord,” New York Herald Tribune, October 23, 1945, Whicher, George, viii, series III, WHC.
33. Nick Aaron Ford, “Henry David Thoreau, Abolitionist,” New England Quarterly 19 (September 1946): 360, 362–63, 365, 371 (quote); G. M. Ostrander, “Emerson, Thoreau, and John Brown,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 39 (March 1953): 713 (quotes), 714, 720, 722, 726; Samuel Middlebrook, “Henry David Thoreau,” in Great American Liberals, ed. G. R. Mason (Boston: Stars King, 1956), 69. See also Kelsey Guilfoil, “The Thoreau Cultists—Are They Insane?,” Chicago Tribune, December 1, 1946, D18, Denunciations of Thoreau, series III, WHC.
34. C. C. Hollis, “Thoreau and the State,” Commonweal (September 9, 1949): 530, 531 (quote), 532; Vincent Buranelli, “The Case against Thoreau,” Ethics 67 (1957): 257–58, 261 (quote), 262; Robert LaForte, “The Political Thought of Henry D. Thoreau: A Study in Paradox,” Educational Leader (July 1959): 49, L.3, series III, WHC; Robert Ludlow, “Thoreau and the State,” Commonweal (September 23, 1949): 581–82 (response to Hollis); Holmes, “Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience,” 788 (quote). See also Ralph L. Ketcham, “Reply to Buranelli’s Case against Thoreau,” Ethics 69 (April 1959): 206–8.
35. Alexandra Krastin, “He Took to the Woods 100 Years Ago,” Saturday Evening Post, June 30, 1945, 79; Alfred Kazin, “Dry Light and Hard Expressions,” Atlantic Monthly, July 1957, 74.
36. Stanley Edgar Hyman, The Promised End: Essays and Reviews, 1942–1962 (Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1963), 63; Scharnhorst, Case Study in Canonization, 75 See also Sattelmeyer, “Walden: Climbing the Canon,” 20.
37. George S. Hellman, “‘They Are the Mountains in Our Range of Letters,’” New York Times Book Review, June 15, 1941, 4. See also Matthiessen, American Renaissance, 77–78; Scharnhorst, Case Study in Canonization, 70; and Raymond W. Adams and Henry S. Canby, “Henry David Thoreau,” in Dictionary of American Biography, vol. 18 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936).
38. Howard Mumford Jones, Theory of American Literature (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1949), 4 (first quote); Sherman Paul, The Shores of America: Thoreau’s Inward Exploration (New York: Russell & Russell, 1958); 75 (second quote), 106; Robert Paul Cobb, “Thoreau and ‘the Wild,’” Emerson Society Quarterly 18 (1960): 5 (third quote). See also Sherman Paul, preface to “Walden” and “Civil Disobedience,” by Henry David Thoreau (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), viii–xvi, xxxvi; Meyer, Several More Lives to Live, 68–70, 72, 78, 96, 102, 119, 121; Sherman Paul, “Resolution at Walden,” in Interpretations of American Literature, ed. Charles Feidelson Jr. and Paul Brodtkorb Jr. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1959), 66–69; Lauriat Lane Jr., “On the Organic Structure of Walden,” College English 21 (January 1960): 195–202; and James C. McKusick, Green Writing: Romanticism and Ecology (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000), 13–14.
39. See also Paul F. Runge, “Discover Your Own Walden,” Audubon (May 1949): 142; Eunice Fuller Barnard, “We Turn Again to a Life in the Open,” New York Times Sunday Magazine, July 8, 1934, 6; Nona Balakian, “The Lures of Nature,” New York Times Book Review, March 28, 1943, 25; Donald Culross Peattie, “The Joy of Walking,” New York Times Sunday Magazine, April 5, 1942, 10; and Frederick Boyd, “Knowing the Art of Walking Rewards the Rationed Motorist,” New York Times, April 19, 1942, D10.
40. Time, July 29, 1957, 9, T34, Thoreau Society, q, Save Walden Committee, 1957, series III, WHC.
41. John Kieran quoted in Robert Gorham Davis, “Nature-Lover’s Notebook,” New York Times Book Review, July 20, 1947, 6; William Beebe, Unseen Life of New York: As a Naturalist Sees It (New York: Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, 1953), 8 (quote), 10, 94–96, 121, 134–40. See also Joseph Wood Krutch, “The Cockroach Likes Us,” New York Times Book Review, December 13, 1953, 54.
42. Joseph Wood Krutch, The Modern Temper (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1929), 61, 76 (first quote), 78–79; Krutch, Human Nature and the Human Condition, 44–45 (second quote), 47, 49, 56; Krutch, Henry David Thoreau (New York: W. Sloane Associates, 1948), 10 (fourth quote), 172 (third quote). See also Paul Brooks, Speaking for Nature: How Literary Naturalists from Henry Thoreau to Rachel Carson Have Shaped America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980), 193–94; Francis H. Allen, review, Bulletin of the Massachusetts Audubon Society (November 1949): K45, Krutch, Joseph Wood, series III, WHC; Meyer, Several More Lives to Live, 126–27, 131; and Brooks Atkinson, New York Times Book Review, October 3, 1948, 4.
43. Edwin W. Teale, ed., The Thoughts of Thoreau (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1962), xiii (first quote); Teale, North with the Spring (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1951), 1 (second quote). See also Teale, The Lost Woods: Adventures of a Naturalist (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1945), 3, 5; Joan Cook, “Edwin Way Teale Is Dead at 81,” New York Times Book Review, October 21, 1980, 10; Roger Tory Peterson, “Time of Rest, Rebirth and Hope,” New York Times Book Review, October 24, 1965, 1; and Paul O. Williams, “The Influence of Thoreau on the American Nature Essay,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Fall 1978): 4.
44. Carl Bode, “Thoreau Finds a House,” Saturday Review of Literature, July 20, 1946, 15. See also Benson Young Landis, “Decentralist at Walden Pond,” Christian Century, July 11, 1945, 811; and T. Morris Longstreth, “The Man Who Sought Peace with Himself,” New York Times, July 1, 1945, 56.
45. Henry Beston, Northern Farm: A Glorious Year on a Small Maine Farm (1948; reprint, New York: Henry Holt, 1976), 4–5 (quotes), 7.
46. Lewis Gannett, Cream Hill: Discoveries of a Week-End Countryman (New York: Viking Press 1949), 13–14. See also Hal Borland, “Two Urban(e) Authors Record Their Relations with Nature,” New York Times Book Review, May 15, 1949, 3.
47. Landis, “Decentralist at Walden Pond,” 110–11. See also Dona Brown, “New England Farms and the Back-to-the-Land Movement of the 1930s,” in A Landscape History of New England, ed. Blake Harrison and Richard W. Judd (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011), 163–78; and Benson Y. Landis, “The Squatter at Walden Pond,” Advance (July 1945): 16, Walden, E, Miscellaneous, xii, l, a, clippings and articles, series II, WHC.
48. Rebecca Kneale Gould, At Home in Nature: Modern Homesteading and Spiritual Practice in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 181–82.
49. Borland, “Two Urban(e) Authors,” 3. See also Hal Borland, An American Year: Country Life and Landscapes through the Seasons (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1946), 38–39, 122, 136–37; and Borland, “Phases of U.S. Life,” New York Times Book Review, November 7, 1948, 36.
50. David McCord, “Turner, Thoreau and Debussy Together,” New York Times, July 19, 1970, 198 (first quote); Hal Borland quoted in Joseph Wood Krutch, “Windows on the World of Nature,” New York Times, June 9, 1957, 229 (second quote); C. P. Gorely, “Thoreau and the Land,” Landscape Architecture 24 (April 1934): 147 (third quote), 148–49, 151–52. See also Paul H. Oehser, “Pioneers in Conservation,” Nature (April 1945): 189–90; and Krutch, Human Nature and the Human Condition, 141–42.
51. Borland, American Year, 54; Paul, “Resolution at Walden,” 166 (quotes), 168–69.
52. Donald Culross Peattie, An Almanac for Moderns (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1935), 3 (first quote), 19 (second and third quotes).
53. Ibid., 27 (first quote), 28 (second quote), 29 (third quote).
54. Ibid., 32 (first and second quotes), 123 (third and fourth quotes).
55. Krastin, “He Took to the Woods,” 79 (first quote); Henry Seidel Canby, “Man Who Did What He Wanted,” Saturday Review of Literature (December 26, 1936): 4 (second quote).
1. Lewis Leary, “Century of Walden,” Nation 179 (August 7, 1954): 115 (first quote); Henry David Thoreau, Civil Disobedience (New York: New York Thoreau Fellowship, 1946), 20 (second quote). See also “Supreme Individualist,” Christian Science Monitor, July 12, 1967.
2. Louis B. Salomon, “The Practical Thoreau,” College English 17 (January 1956): 229 (first quote), 232, 229–32; Wade Thompson, “The Impractical Thoreau,” College English 19 (November 1957): 67 (second quote), 68–70. On Thoreau’s use of paradox, see Joseph J. Moldenhauer, “The Extra-vagant Maneuver: Paradox in Walden,” in Critical Essays on Henry David Thoreau’s Walden, ed. Joel Myerson (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1988), 96–97; Richard H. Dillman, “The Psychological Rhetoric of Walden,” Emerson Society Quarterly 25 (1979): 80, Walden, D, Criticism, iv, D, f, series II, Walter Harding Collection (hereafter WHC), Thoreau Institute, Lincoln, MA; C. C. Hollis, “Thoreau and the State,” Commonweal 50 (September 9, 1949): 530; Saul K. Padover, The Genius of America: Men Whose Ideas Shaped our Civilization (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960), 198–99; and Paul Lauter, “Thoreau’s Prophetic Testimony,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 121–23.
3. Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), 361.
4. Odell Shepard, introduction to The Heart of Thoreau’s Journals, by Henry David Thoreau, ed. Shepard (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1927), ix–x (first quote); John Davies, Vegetarian Messenger (February 1947): 40, V6, Vegetarianism, series III, WHC (second quote). See also Lawrence MacDonald, “Henry Thoreau—Liberal, Unconventional, Nudist,” Sunshine and Health (January 1943): N45, Nudism, series III, WHC; William White, “Thoreau among the Nudists,” Thoreau Society Bulletin 104 (Summer 1968): 5; Robert Epstein, “Thoreau’s ‘Higher Laws’ and the Heroics of Vegetarianism,” Between the Species (Summer 1985): V6, Vegetarianism, series III, WHC; and Theodore Baird, “Corn Grows in the Night,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 93–94.
5. Richard Drinnon, “Thoreau’s Politics of the Upright Man,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 135, 137–38; Kenneth J. Smith, “Henry David Thoreau: America’s Hippie Existentialist Philosopher,” Existentialism and Ethical Humanism (1969): 49–50; Walter Harding, “Five Ways of Looking at Walden,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 149.
6. Boston Daily Journal, October 26, 1895; Boston Daily Advertiser, October 28, 1895, February 29, 1896.
7. Gateway, July 1941, T34, Thoreau Society, ii, Press Clippings/Miscellaneous Papers, series III, WHC. See also Concord (MA) Herald, July 17, 1941, quoted ibid.; K. W. Cameron, “A Brief Glance at the Thoreau Society,” Emerson Society Quarterly (Second Quarter 1957), 48; L. Greenfield, “Followers of Thoreau Form Organization Called the Thoreauans,” Saturday Review of Literature 24 (July 26, 1941): 20; New York Times, January 20, 1938, 17; July 22, 1948, 25; August 16, 1948, 17; and Brooks Atkinson, “Value of the Thoreau Society,” New York Times, July 11, 1961, 28.
8. Brooks Atkinson, “Century after Thoreau’s Death, America Knows How ‘Great a Son It Has Lost,’” New York Times, May 8, 1962, 36; Hall of Fame director (unidentified) quoted in Atkinson, “Spirit of Frugal Thoreau,” New York Times, January 19, 1962, 28. See also Howard Mumford Jones, “Thoreau and Human Nature,” Atlantic Monthly, September 1962, 56; Atkinson, “Thoreau’s Accession to the Hall of Fame Took Long,” New York Times, October 3, 1961, 36; October 11, 1900, 14; October 26, 1930, N1; June 30, 1935, N1; November 3, 1935, N1; November 15, 1940, 23; and W. Barksdale Maynard, Walden Pond: A History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 266.
9. Carl Bode, “Smaller and Larger than Life,” New York Times Book Review, December 26, 1965, box 331, “News Clippings, Book Reviews,” Thoreau Fellowship Collection (hereafter TFC), Raymond H. Fogler Library, Special Collections Department, University of Maine, Orono (first two quotes); Howard Mumford Jones, “Facts Tell Story,” Boston Globe, February 20, 1966, box 331, “News Clippings, Book Reviews,” TFC (third quote); Sterling North, “Frog’s-Eye View at Walden Pond,” Saturday Review (January 15, 1966): 39 (fourth quote). See also Walter Harding, The Days of Henry Thoreau (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962), 194–94; Paul H. Oehser, “From the Thoreauvian Well,” Living Wilderness (Autumn 1966): 27–29, box 326, TFC; John J. McAleer, America (January 1, 1966), box 331, “News Clippings, Book Reviews,” TFC; and Joel Porte, “The Sociable Hermit,” Christian Science Monitor, February 10, 1966, box 331, “News Clippings, Book Reviews,” TFC.
10. John J. McAleer, “The Therapeutic Vituperations of Thoreau,” American Transcendental Quarterly 11 (Summer 1971): 82 (first quote), 84 (second quote), 85; Leo A. Bressler, “Walden: Neglected American Classic,” English Journal 51 (January 1962): 14 (third quote). See also “A Baker’s Dozen of Writers Comment on Civil Disobedience,” New York Times Magazine, November 26, 1967; Robert Dickens, Thoreau, the Complete Individualist: His Relevance—and Lack of It—for Our Time (New York: Exposition Press, 1974), 5; Leo Stoller, “Civil Disobedience: Principle and Politics,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 86; and Brent Powell, “Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King Jr., and the American Tradition of Protest,” OAH Magazine of History (Winter 1995): 29.
11. Herbert F. West, “Thoreau and the Younger Generation,” Thoreau Society Bulletin 56 (Summer 1956): 1; Delbert L. Earisman, Hippies in Our Midst (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1968), 106–7.
12. Abe Fortas, Concerning Dissent and Civil Disobedience (New York: Signet, 1968), 59–60, 73. See also Emmet John Hughes, “From the New Frontier to the New Revolution: The Politics of the Sixties,” New York Times Sunday Magazine, April 4, 1971, 24.
13. Lewis P. Simpson, “The Short, Desperate Life of Henry Thoreau,” Emerson Society Quarterly 42, no. 1 (1966): 51; Charles W. White, “A Protest against the Thoreau Society’s Annual Meeting,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Fall 1970): 4; Truman Nelson, “A Society Not Yet Formed,” in “Thoreau and the New Radicals,” ed. Holley Cantine et al., special issue, Liberation (April 1963): 23; J. Lyndon Shanley, “Thoreau: His ‘Lover’s Quarrel with the World,’” in Four Makers of the Modern Mind, ed. T. E. Crawley (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1976), 25. See also Nathaniel Seefurth, “Thoreau: How Relevant Today?,” American Transcendental Quarterly 32 (Fall 1976): 10; and Betty Schechter, The Peaceable Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1963), 8.
14. Willard Uphaus, “Conscience and Disobedience,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 105, 106 (quote), 107–8. See also William Henry Nelson, “Thoreau and the Current Non-violent Struggle for Integration,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Summer 1964): 2; and Pyarelal, “Thoreau, Tolstoy and Gandhiji,” New Outlook, May 1957, 3, box 329, TFC.
15. Shirley Cochell, “Thoreau: A Man for Our Times,” Senior Scholastic (teachers’ edition) (February 15, 1968): 9; Max Lerner, “Thoreau: No Hermit,” in Thoreau: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Sherman Paul (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1962), 20. See also Baird, “Corn Grows in the Night,” 93, 95; “Henry Thoreau: An American Rebel,” Arts and Man (n.d. [1953?]), A39, a, Anarchism, series III, WHC; and Kingsley Widmer, The Literary Rebel (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1965), 23–24.
16. Martin Luther King Jr., Stride toward Freedom (New York: Ballantine Books, 1958); 50 (first quote), 51 (second quote), 52; King, “A Legacy of Creative Protest,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 45 (third quote). See also Robert Bingham Downs, Books That Changed the World (Chicago: American Library Association, 1956), 72–75; and Michael Curtis Meyer, Several More Lives to Live: Thoreau’s Political Reputation in America (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977), 157–58.
17. Sharon Todd, “Thoreau’s Night in Jail Study of Man, Philosophy,” Greenville (SC) News and Piedmont, June 11, 1977, D42, Drama, Items Relating to Night Thoreau Spent in Jail, series III, WHC (first quote); Ohio State Lantern, April 23, 1970, Lawrence and Lee, Night in Jail, box 329, TFC (second quote); “The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail,” Literary Cavalcade (April 1972): D42, Drama, Items Relating to Night Thoreau Spent in Jail, series III, WHC (third quote). See also Howard Taubman, “On Stage, Thoreau Speaks to Today,” New York Times, December 23, 1970, 16; and Jay Carr, “Thoreau Play Means Well but the Action Is Diffuse,” Detroit News, October 10, 1970, D42, Drama, Items Relating to Night Thoreau Spent in Jail, series III, WHC.
18. Barry Kritzberg, “Thoreau the Man,” Chicago Sun-Times, February 14, 1971, D42, Drama, Items Relating to Night Thoreau Spent in Jail, series III, WHC (first quote); Charles Clerc, “The Now Thoreau: Caveat Emptor,” Midwest Quarterly 16 (Summer 1975): 380 (second quote), 381 (third quote).
19. Ohio State Lantern, April 23, 1970; Irving H. Bartlett, The American Mind in the Mid-Nineteenth Century (New York: Crowell, 1967), 46; Townsend Scudder, “Henry David Thoreau,” in Literary History of the United States, ed. Robert E. Spiller et al. (New York: Macmillan, 1963–72), 1:411; Truman Nelson, “Thoreau and the Paralysis of Individualism,” Ramparts (March 1966): 20, in Anti-slavery and Reform Papers, E, John Brown Essays, 1, o, series II, WHC. See also Sherman Paul quoted in Henry David Thoreau, “Walden” and “Civil Disobedience” (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), 232; and Shanley, “‘Lover’s Quarrel with the World,’” 25.
20. Staughton Lynd, Intellectual Origins of American Radicalism (New York: Pantheon, 1968), 8, 68–69, 92–93, 94. See also Eugene D. Genovese, “Abolitionist,” New York Review of Books, September 26, 1968.
21. Stoughton Lynd, “Henry Thoreau: The Admirable Radical,” Liberation (February 1963): 21 (first and second quotes); Lynd, “Admirable Radical,” 26 (third quote).
22. Bob Dickens, “Thoreau on Slavery, Economy & Alienation,” Anarchy (London) (1972): 22, A39, f, series III, WHC; Nelson, “Society Not Yet Formed,” 25. See also Dickens, Thoreau, the Complete Individualist, 5–6, 62, 67, 96, 78–79, 99; and Gordon Rohman, review of Thoreau: The Complete Individualist, by Robert Dickens American Literature (March 1976): 84, 85, A39, Anarchism, d, series III, WHC.
23. Dachine Rainer, “Who Are the Anarchists?,” in “Thoreau and the New Radicals,” ed. Cantine et al., 26. See also E. M. Schuster, “Native American Anarchism,” Smith College Studies in History 17 (October 1931–July 1932): 47–50; Joseph L. Blau, Men and Movements in American Philosophy (New York: Prentice Hall, 1952), 131–41; Saul K. Padover, “American as Anarchist,” in Genius of America, 196–97; Schechter, The Peaceable Revolution, 23; Holley Cantine, “The Direct Actionists and the Bird Watchers,” in “Thoreau and the New Radicals,” ed. Cantine et al., 22; and Victor Richman, “More than Our Minds Can Map,” ibid., 27–28.
24. Charles R. Anderson, The Magic Circle of Walden (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1968), 19. See also Alfred Kazin, “Writing in the Dark,” in Henry David Thoreau: Studies and Commentaries, ed. Walter Harding, George Brenner, and Paul A. Doyle (Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1972), 19; and Jonathan Bishop, Catholic Worker (September 1964): box 331, “News Clippings, Book Reviews,” TFC.
25. Earisman, Hippies in Our Midst, 136 (first quote), 15 (second quote), 143. See also Kenneth Kurtz, “Thoreau and Individualism Today,” Emerson Society Quarterly 18 (1960): 14.
26. Jack Kerouac, On the Road (1957; reprint, New York: Penguin Books, 1976), 5. See also Earisman, Hippies in Our Midst, 99, 101, 104–5, 109, 111–12; and Rod Phillips, “Forest Beatniks” and “Urban Thoreaus”: Gary Snyder, Jack Kerouac, Lew Welch, and Michael McClure (New York: P. Lang, 2000), 2, 50–51, 138 (quote).
27. Paul H. Wild, “Flower Power: A Student’s Guide to Pre-hippie Transcendentalism,” English Journal 58 (January 1969): 62, 63 (first quote); Earisman, Hippies in Our Midst, 128–29, 130 (second quote); John T. McCutcheon Jr., “Was Thoreau a Hippy?,” Chicago Tribune, July 27, 1967, H53, Hippies, D, Newspaper Articles/Clippings, WHC, series III (third quote); Smith, “America’s Hippie Existentialist Philosopher,” 44 (fourth quote), 52 (fifth quote). See also Morgan Bulkeley, “Beatnik with a Difference,” Berkshire Eagle (Pittsfield, MA), July 13, 1967, H53, Hippies, D, Newspaper Articles/Clippings, series III, WHC.
28. Mark W. Sullivan, Picturing Thoreau: Henry David Thoreau in American Visual Culture (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015), 86 (quote, paraphrasing Baskin), 90. See also “Hall of Fame Issues a Thoreau Medal,” Audubon (November 1963): 374–75; and Western Stamp Collector (April 22, 1967): S96, Stamp, series III, WHC.
29. Raymond Adams quoted in Concord (MA) Journal, n.d., ca. July 1967, and New York Times, July 17, 1967, both in box 329, “Commemorative Stamp,” TFC; John Chamberlain, “Thoreau: A Hippie or Not?,” Tulsa (OK) Tribune, July 17, 1967, H53, Hippies, D, Newspaper Articles/Clippings, series III, WHC.
30. Boston Globe, May 4, 1967 (first quote); Concord (MA) Journal, n.d., ca. July 1967 (second quote); Columbus (OH) Dispatch, May 29, 1967, S.96, Stamp, series III, WHC (third quote); Mary P. Sherwood, “Thoreau Stamp Is a Disgrace,” Concord (MA) Journal, n.d. (fourth quote); Raymond Adams in Concord Journal, n.d., ca. July 1967 (fifth quote); unidentified post office representative in Washington Evening Star, May 8, 1967, WHC (sixth quote); Leonard Baskin in Jean Caldwell, “Artist: My Thoreau ‘Real,’” Boston Globe, June 7, ibid., WHC (seventh quote). See also East Village Other quoted in New York Times, July 17, 1967; Washington Evening Star, May 8, 1967; Chicago Daily News, May 5, 1967; Brooks Atkinson, “Thoreau’s Message after 150 Years,” New York Times, July 15, 1967, 17; and Assistant Postmaster General Richard J. Murphy quoted in Concord (MA) Journal, July 13, 1967, “Commemorative Stamp,” all in box 239, TFC.
31. Henry David Thoreau quoted in Michael C. Johnson, “Thoreau on Drugs,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Winter 1976): 4; Lee A. Burress III, “Thoreau on Ether and Psychedelic Drugs,” American Notes and Queries 12 (1974): 99–100; Boston Herald, July 6, 1967.
32. William K. Bottorff and David G. Hoch, “Thoreau and Ether,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Summer 1976): 6; Guy Wright, “Thoreau the Square,” San Francisco Examiner, May 16, 1968, H53, Hippies, D, Newspaper Articles/Clippings, series III, WHC. See also Dorothy Brant Brazier, “Was Thoreau First Hippie?,” Seattle Times, n.d., ibid.; Paul Woodring, “A View from Campus: Was Thoreau a Hippie?,” Saturday Review (December 16, 1967): 68; “Rutgers Professor [F. T. McGill] Contends Thoreau Was Not a Hippie,” New York Times, January 5, 1968, 24; Chamberlain, “Hippie or Not?”; and Smith, “America’s Hippie Existentialist Philosopher,” 43.
33. Joseph Wood Krutch, “If You Don’t Mind My Saying So,” American Scholar 37 (Winter 1967): 17 (both quotes). See also Cecelia Tichi, Embodiment of a Nation: Human Form in American Places (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), 72–86.
34. Alexander Kern, “Thoreau and Individualism Today,” Emerson Society Quarterly 18 (1960): 12; William A. Herr, “Thoreau: A Civil Disobedient?,” Ethics 85 (October 1974): 87, 89 (quote), 90. See also Herr, “A More Perfect State: Thoreau’s Concept of Civil Government,” Massachusetts Review 16 (Summer 1975): 471, 473–75, 478; John Morris, “America’s Gentle Anarchist,” Religious Humanism 3 (Spring 1969): 64–65; Bartlett, American Mind, 46; Drinnon, “Thoreau’s Politics of the Upright Man,” 131–33; and William Stuart Nelson, “Thoreau and American Non-violent Resistance,” Massachusetts Review 3 (Autumn 1962): 56, 57.
35. Heinz Eulau, “Wayside Challenger: Some Remarks on the Politics of Henry David Thoreau” (1949), in Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Paul, 120 (first quote), 127, 129; Lewis H. Van Dusen Jr., “Civil Disobedience: Destroyer of Democracy,” American Bar Association Journal 55 (February 1969): 123, in Anti-slavery and Reform Papers, Criticism, C, Individual Titles, series II, WHC (second quote); Richard Revere, “Freedom: Who Needs It?,” Atlantic Monthly, May 1968, 41–42, 43 (third quote); Frederick K. Sanders, “Mr. Thoreau’s Timebomb,” National Review, June 4, 1968, 544 (fourth quote), 546. See also Hannah Arendt, “Reflections: Civil Disobedience,” New Yorker, September 12, 1970, 70, 72, 78; Fred DeArmond, “Can Dissenters Really Claim Thoreau?,” Human Events (May 25, 1968): 330; and James Lundquist, “An Apology for Henry” (response to Sanders), National Review, August 13, 1968, 806, 818–19, in Anti-slavery and Reform Papers, Criticism, C, Individual Titles, series II, WHC.
36. Erwin N. Griswold, ‘The Right to Differ . . . Has Limits,’” Christian Science Monitor, July 20, 1968. See also Fortas, Concerning Dissent and Civil Disobedience, 49–51, 53, 55; George Moneyhun, “Civil Disobedience: Shape of Debate,” Christian Science Monitor, July 20–22, 1968, in Anti-slavery and Reform Papers, Criticism, C, Individual Titles, series II, WHC; Carl Bode, The Young Rebel in American Literature (New York: Praeger, 1960), 12; and Raymond Tatalovich, “Thoreau on Civil Disobedience: In Defense of Morality or Anarchy?,” Southern Quarterly 11 (January 1973): 107–9, in Anti-slavery and Reform Papers, Criticism, C, Individual Titles, series II, WHC.
37. Winfield Townley Scott, “Walden Pond in the Nuclear Age,” New York Times Magazine, May 6, 1962, 84. See also Herr, “Thoreau: A Civil Disobedient,” 90; and West, “Thoreau and the Younger Generation,” 1.
38. Gorham B. Munson, “Dionysian in Concord,” Outlook, August 29, 1928, 692.
39. Ludwig Lewisohn, Expression in America (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1932), 138–39; Irwin Edman, Saturday Review of Literature (October 7, 1939), C7, in Canby, series III, WHC; F. O. Matthiessen, unattributed, ibid.; Clifton Fadiman, review of Thoreau, by Henry Canby, New Yorker, December 7, 1939, ibid.; Thomas Lyle Collins, “Thoreau’s Coming of Age,” Sewanee Review 49 (January 1941): 57–66. See also Henry Seidel Canby, Thoreau (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1939), 127; and Canby, “Thoreau in History: The Story of a Literary Reputation,” Saturday Review of Literature (July 15, 1939): 4.
40. Tyrus Hillway, “The Personality of H. D. Thoreau,” College English 6 (March 1945): 330; Stanley Hyman quoted in Thompson, “The Impractical Thoreau,” 70.
41. David Kalman, “A Study of Thoreau,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (January 1948): 2 (first and second quotes); Raymond D. Gozzi, “A Freudian View of Thoreau,” in Thoreau’s Psychology: Eight Essays, ed. Gozzi (Lanham. MD: University Press of America, 1983), 2 (third quote), 4 (fourth quote), 6 (fifth quote), 8, 16 (sixth quote). For a more balanced assessment of Thoreau’s sexuality, see Maxwell Geismar, “Thoreau: The Private Man,” New Republic (May 7, 1951): 26; Robert D. Richardson Jr., Henry Thoreau: A Life of the Mind (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986), 58; and Laura Dassow Walls, Henry David Thoreau: A Life (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017), 241.
42. R. R. W., “Perry Miller Writes Consciousness in Concord,” Concord (MA) Journal, n.d., ca. June 1958, Journals, C, Editions, series II, WHC; New York Times, October 3, 1956, 35; Time, July 7, 1958, box 331, “News Clippings, Book Reviews,” TFC.
43. Perry Miller, The Transcendentalists: An Anthology (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1950), 5, 12–13.
44. Perry Miller, introduction to Consciousness in Concord: The Text of Thoreau’s Hitherto “Lost Journal,” 1840–1841, by Henry David Thoreau, ed. Perry Miller (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958), 94 (both quotes).
45. Ibid., 82–85, 86 (quote), 87, 95–96, 127, 205.
46. Ibid., 127 (first quote), 126 (second quote), 119 (third and fourth quotes). See also Raymond D. Gozzi, “Some Aspects of Thoreau’s Personality,” in Henry David Thoreau: A Profile, ed. Walter Roy Harding (New York: Hill and Wang, 1971), 165; Hyman, “Thoreau Once More,” 166; and Walls, Henry David Thoreau, 172.
47. Lance Newman, Our Common Dwelling: Henry Thoreau, Transcendentalism, and the Class Politics of Nature (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), 37; Henry Pochmann, review of Consciousness in Concord, by Perry Miller, American Literature 31 (May 1959): 198, Journals, C, Editions, WHC, series II. See also Gary Scharnhorst, Henry David Thoreau: A Case Study in Canonization (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1993), 80.
48. Stephen Whicher, review of Consciousness in Concord, by Miller, American Scholar 28 (Winter 1958–59): 119; Walter Harding, “Afterword: Some Random Thoughts on Thoreau’s Personality,” in Thoreau: A Profile, ed. Harding, 247. See also Quentin Anderson, “Thoreau on July 4,” New York Times Book Review, July 4, 1971, 17, box 331, “News Clippings—Book Reviews,” TFC; Walter Harding, “Henry Thoreau and Ellen Sewall,” South Atlantic Quarterly 64 (Winter 1965): 100–106; Richard Lebeaux, Young Man Thoreau (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1977), 3; Lebeaux, “From Canby to Richardson: The Last Half-Century of Thoreau Biography,” in Thoreau’s World and Ours: A Natural Legacy, ed. Edmund A. Schofield and Robert C. Baron (Golden, CO: North American Press, 1993), 131; and Paul Lauter, “New Light on Thoreau,” New Leader (June 15, 1959), L, 11, series III, WHC.
49. Leo Stoller in South Atlantic Quarterly, n.d., ca. 1958, 326, Journals, C, Editions, Consciousness in Concord, series II, WHC. See also J. Lyndon Shanley, “Years of Decay and Disappointment?,” in Thoreau: A Profile, ed. Harding, 191–92; Henry Beetle Hough, “The Lost Volume,” Saturday Review (July 5, 1958): 30; and Albert Gilman and Roger Brown, “Personality and Style in Concord,” in Transcendentalism and Its Legacy, ed. Myron Simon and Thornton H. Parsons (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1966), 93–94.
50. Charles Poore, “Books of the Times,” New York Times, June 26, 1958; Bernard R. Carman, “Thoreau Is as Thoreau Does,” Berkshire Eagle (Pittsfield, MA), June 21, 1958; Robert Taylor, “The ‘Lost’ Journal of Henry Thoreau, Boston Herald, July 28, 1958; and Concord (MA) Journal, n.d., ca. June 1958, all in Journals, C, Editions, Consciousness in Concord, series II, WHC.
51. Odell Shepard, “Perry Miller’s Thoreau,” Nation 187 (December 6, 1958): 428 (first and second quotes), 429 (third quote), 430; Shepard, “Unconsciousness in Cambridge: The Editing of Thoreau’s ‘Lost Journal,’” Emerson Society Quarterly 13 (1958): 19 (fourth quote).
52. Atkinson, “Century after Thoreau’s Death,” 36 (first quote); Quentin Anderson, “The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau,” New York Times Book Review, July 4, 1971, 1 (second quote); Henry David Thoreau in Hyman, “Thoreau Once More,” 165 (third quote); Carl Bode, “The Half-Hidden Thoreau,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 68 (fourth, fifth, and sixth quotes), 78; Herbert S. Bailey, “Thoreau Changed the World—and the World Changed Him,” Princeton Alumni Weekly (October 1, 1968): 22 (seventh quote). See also Baird, “Corn Grows in the Night,” 100–101.
53. Leon Edel, “Walden: The Myth and the Mystery,” American Scholar 44 (Spring 1975): 280 (first quote); Edel, “Reappraisals: Walden—the Myth and the Mystery,” American Scholar 44 (Spring 1975): 275, in Walden, D. Criticism: v. E, b, series II, WHC (third and fourth quotes); Edel, Henry D. Thoreau, University of Minnesota Pamphlets on American Writers, no. 90 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1970), 20 (fifth and sixth quotes), 39 (seventh quote); John Shirigian (reply to Edel), American Scholar 44 (Autumn 1975): 689 (eighth quote), 90 (includes Elaine Cogswell quote), E7, Edel, Leon, WHC, series III.
54. Mark Elkins Moller, “Thoreau, Womankind, and Sexuality,” Emerson Society Quarterly 22 (1976): 123–24, 125 (first quote), 126, 128 (second quote).
55. James McIntosh, Thoreau as Romantic Naturalist: His Shifting Stance toward Nature (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1974), 73 (all quotes).
56. John Kenneth Galbraith, “The Affluent Society after Ten Years,” Atlantic Monthly, July 1957, 44. See also Adam Rome, “‘Give Earth a Chance’: The Environmental Movement and the Sixties,” Journal of American History 90 (September 2003): 535–54.
57. Henry David Thoreau quoted in Padover, Genius of America, 200; Joseph Wood Krutch, Human Nature and the Human Condition (New York: Random House, 1959), 21, 22 (quote), 31–32, 37–38. See also Elwyn Brooks White, “Walden, 1954,” Yale Review (September 1954): 13–14; and William Barrett, “Machine-Made Man,” New York Times Book Review, September 6, 1959, 3.
58. Box 331, clipping, “Hippies,” “unidentified clippings,” TFC.
59. Governor Thomas P. Salmon quoted in Roy Reed, “Back-to-Land Movement Seeks Self-Sufficiency,” New York Times, June 9, 1975, 63.
60. Rebecca Kneale Gould, At Home in Nature: Modern Homesteading and Spiritual Practice in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 3, 38 (first quote), 39 (second quote).
61. Bennett M. Berger, “Total Loss Farm,” New York Times Book Review, November 14, 1971, 6 (first quote); Hugh Kenner, “The Last Whole Earth Catalogue,” New York Times Book Review, November 14, 1971, 7 (second quote); Reed, “Back-to-Land Movement,” 63 (third quote). See also Nelson Bryant, “The Foxfire Book,” New York Times Book Review, March 19, 1972, 20; and Walter J. Ong, “Religion, Scholarship, and the Restitution of Man,” Daedalus 91 (Spring 1962): 421, 422–25.
62. Reed, “Back-to-Land Movement,” 63 (first quote); Victor A. Croley, “The Freedom Way, Mother Earth News (January 1970): 46 (second quote), 47; Willard Uphaus quoted in “Meditation on Concord River,” Boston Globe, July 15, 1961, box 331 “Individualist,” TFC (third quote); Bressler, “Walden: Neglected American Classic,” 15 (fourth quote). See also Stanley Carr, “Getting Away from It All,” New York Times, July 9, 1972, XX13; and D. W. Kleine, “Civil Disobedience: The Way to Walden,” Modern Language Notes 75 (April 1960): 298.
63. Kleine, “Civil Disobedience,” 297 (first quote), 300 (second quote).
64. Philip Booth, “Walden in the World of Today: A Way of Talking about Freedom,” Christian Science Monitor, June 22, 1961, in Walden, E, Miscellaneous, iii, j, series II, WHC.
1. David Cushman Coyle, “To Keep the Wilderness Wild,” New York Times, August 11, 1957, 174.
2. Olaus J. Murie, “Wild Country as a National Asset,” 127, 129, and “Speech of Hon. John P. Saylor, of Pennsylvania in the House of Representatives, July 12, 1956,” 73, both in “National Wilderness Preservation Act: Hearings before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs,” U.S. Senate, 85 Cong., sess. 1, on S. 1176, June 19–20, 1957. See also Howard Zahniser, “A Statement on Wilderness Preservation in Reply to a Questionnaire,” 168, ibid.; and Reginald L. Cook, Passage to Walden (Boston: Houghton Mifflin; New York: Russell & Russell, 1966), 10–12.
3. Ray Mungo, “If Mr. Thoreau Calls, Tell Him I’ve Left the Country,” Atlantic Monthly, May 1970, 73, 79 (quote), box 331, “Papers, News Clippings,” Thoreau Fellowship Collection (hereafter TFC), Raymond H. Fogler Library, Special Collections Department, University of Maine, Orono.
4. Mark W. Sullivan, Picturing Thoreau: Henry David Thoreau in American Visual Culture (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015), 104; William J. Wolf, Thoreau: Mystic, Prophet, Ecologist (Philadelphia: Pilgrim Press, 1974), 14; Robert Paul Cobb, “Thoreau and ‘the Wild,’” Emerson Society Quarterly 18 (1960): 5–6; “Thoreau: Wilderness Saint,” Sports Afield (June 1976), S92, series III, Walter Harding Collection (hereafter WHC), Thoreau Institute, Lincoln, MA.
5. Elizabeth Keiper, “Thoreau’s Pen, a Century Ago, Wrote Truths for Today,” Rochester (NY) Times-Union, July 16, 1954, Miscellaneous, Walden, B, series II, WHC.
6. Leo Stoller, After Walden: Thoreau’s Changing Views on Economic Man (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1957), 8, 83 (second quote), 90–93, 105, 106 (first quote), 108–15, 121, 156, 164, 445–46, 451–52.
7. Stewart L. Udall, The Quiet Crisis (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1963), 59 (first quote), 64 (second and third quotes). See also William M. Condry, Thoreau (New York: Philosophical Library, 1954); August William Derleth, Concord Rebel: A Life of Henry D. Thoreau (Philadelphia: Chilton, 1962); and William M. Condry, “A Hundred Years of Walden,” Dublin Magazine 31 (January–March 1955): 71.
8. Brooks Atkinson, “Century after Thoreau’s Death, America Knows How ‘Great a Son It Has Lost,’” New York Times, May 8, 1962, 36; Horace Taylor, “Thoreau Scientific Interests as Seen in His Journal,” McNeese Review (1962): 47–49, 52, 56 (first quote), 59, in S25, Science, ee, series III, WHC; Charles David Stewart, “Word for Thoreau,” Atlantic Monthly, July 1935, 114. See also Leo Stoller, “A Note on Thoreau’s Place in the History of Phenology,” ISIS 47, no. 2 (1956), in S25, Science, cc, series III, WHC; Theodore Baird, “Corn Grows in the Night,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 101–3; Joseph Wood Krutch, “A Little Fishy Friend,” Nation (October 8, 1949): 350, in K45, series III, WHC; Henry Beetle Hough, Thoreau of Walden: The Man and His Eventful Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1956), 210; and Robin S. McDowell, “Thoreau in the Current Scientific Literature,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Spring 1978): 2.
9. Stoller, After Walden, 75.
10. Edward S. Deevey Jr., “A Re-examination of Thoreau’s Walden,” Quarterly Review of Biology 17 (March 1942): 9; Aldo Leopold and Sara Elizabeth Jones, “A Phenological Record for Sauk & Dane Counties, Wisconsin, 1935–1945,” Ecological Monographs 18 (January 1947): 83; Philip Whitford and Kathryn Whitford, “Thoreau: Pioneer Ecologist and Conservationist,” Scientific Monthly, November 1951, 291–96; Kathryn Whitford, “Thoreau and the Woodlots of Concord,” New England Quarterly 23 (September 1950): 293, 295, 300; Henry Hayden Clark, Transitions in American Literary History (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1954), 281; Charles R. Metzger, “Thoreau on Science,” Annals of Science (September 1956): 206–11; Raymond Adams, “Thoreau’s Science,” Scientific Monthly, May 1945, 379–82.
11. Henry Thomas Schnittkind and Dana Lee Schnittkind, “Thoreau’s Adventure into the Simple Life,” in Living Adventures in Philosophy, ed. Schnittkind and Schnittkind (New York: Hanover House, 1954), 234 (quote), 235. See also Alec Lucas, “Thoreau, Field Naturalist,” University of Toronto Quarterly 23 (1954): 227; and Kevin P. Van Anglen, “True Pulpit Power: ‘Natural History of Massachusetts’ and the Problem of Cultural Authority,” Studies in the American Renaissance (1990): 122.
12. Paul Brooks, Speaking for Nature: How Literary Naturalists from Henry Thoreau to Rachel Carson Have Shaped America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980), 238–40, 241 (quote). See also Stuart Chase, Rich Land, Poor Land: A Study of Waste in the Natural Resources of America (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1936), 103.
13. Paul B. Sears, “The Inexorable Problem of Space,” in The Subversive Science: Essays toward an Ecology of Man, ed. Paul Shepard and Daniel McKinley (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969), 81 (quote), 82, 91; Fairfield Osborn quoted in Brooks, Speaking for Nature, 243; William Vogt quoted ibid., 246.
14. George M. Woodwell, W. M. Malcolm, and R. H. Whittaker, “A-Bombs, Bug Bombs, and Us,” in Subversive Science, ed. Shepard and McKinley, 230 (quote), 231, 234–35, 238–39. See also Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1993), 35–38.
15. Frank Graham Jr., Since “Silent Spring” (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970), 69 (first quote), 268 (second quote). See also Linda J. Lear, Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature (New York: Henry Holt, 1997); Lear, “Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring,” Environmental History Review 17 (Summer 1993): 23; and Daniel J. Kevles, “Contested Earth: Science, Equity & the Environment,” Daedalus (Spring 2008): 87.
16. Woodwell, Malcolm, and Whittaker, “A-Bombs, Bug Bombs, and Us,” 230 (quote). See also Sears, “Inexorable Problem of Space,” 77, 79; LaMont C. Cole, “The Impending Emergence of Ecological Thought,” in Subversive Science, ed. Shepard and McKinley, 268; and Daniel McKinley, “The New Mythology of ‘Man in Nature,’” ibid., 351–52, 359.
17. Mark Hamilton Lytle, The Gentle Subversive: Rachel Carson, “Silent Spring,” and the Rise of the Environmental Movement (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 199 (first quote), 201 (second quote).
18. Nina Baym, “Thoreau’s View of Science,” Journal of the History of Ideas 26 (April 1965): 222, 224–26, 228–31; Van Anglen, “True Pulpit Power,” 123; Peter A. Fritzell, “Walden and Paradox: Thoreau as Self-Conscious Ecologist,” New England Review 3 (1980): 52.
19. Donald Worster, Nature’s Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), 63, 66 (first quote), 82 (second quote).
20. Kevles, “Contested Earth,” 85–86.
21. Samuel P. Hays and Barbara D. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955–1985 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987); Kevles, “Contested Earth,” 84–86.
22. New York Times, August 11, 1970, 32; Richard W. Judd and Christopher S. Beach, Natural States: The Environmental Imagination in Maine, Oregon, and the Nation (Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2003), 95–101.
23. Kent Curtis, “The Virtue of Thoreau: Biography, Geography, and History in the Walden Woods,” Environmental History (January 2010): 31. See also John J. McAleer, “The Therapeutic Vituperations of Thoreau,” American Transcendental Quarterly 11 (Summer 1971): 82–83.
24. “Walden Pond—‘a Literary Shrine,’” Newsweek, May 18, 1960, W6, Walden Pond, x, Walden Pond, series III, WHC. See also Truman Nelson, “Shores of Strife,” New York Times Sunday Magazine, April 27, 1958, 79; Edward Weeks, “What Happened to Walden,” in In Friendly Candor (Boston: Little, Brown, 1959), 246–49; John H. Fenton, “A Battle Rages at Walden Pond,” New York Times, July 21, 1957, 42; and New York Times, September 23, 1957, 50.
25. Robert Whitcomb, “The Thoreau ‘Country,’” Bookman (July 1931): 461; E. B. White in Michael Francis Moloney, “Walden: A Centenary,” America (March 27, 1954): 683; Edwin Way Teale, North with the Spring (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1951), 303. See also Raymond Nadeau, “Walden Raped,” New England Review 1 (July–August 1969): 15; E. B. White, “One Man’s Meat: Pilgrimage to Walden Pond,” Harper’s, August 1939, 329–32; George Frisbie Whicher, preface to Walden Revisited: A Centennial Tribute to Henry David Thoreau (Chicago: Packard, 1945), n.p.; and Gilbert Byron, “An ‘Open Letter to Thoreau,’” Saturday Review of Literature (June 5, 1948): 47.
26. Boston Traveler, May 3, 1960. T34, Thoreau Society, q, Save Walden Committee 1960, series III, WHC. See also Truman Nelson, “The Battle of Walden Pond,” pt. 1, National Parks Magazine (December 1960): 4–6, T34, Thoreau Society, q, Save Walden Committee, series III, WHC; Mary P. Sherwood, “Renaissance at Walden,” Arnoldia (Summer 1986): 47–58; and Walter Cameron, “The Little Pond—What It Means to Us,” Emerson Society Quarterly 13 (1958): 2–3, W6, Walden Pond, k, series III, WHC.
27. Nelson, “Battle of Walden Pond,” pt. 1, 5 (first quote); Saturday Review (August 17, 1957), T34, Thoreau Society, q, Save Walden Committee, 1957, series III, WHC (second quote); Brian Cahill, “Concord Musters to New ‘Battle,’” Ottawa Gazette, August 3, 1957, W6, Walden Pond, q, Articles, Walden Pond, series III, WHC (third quote); Concord (MA) Journal, April 16, 1959, T34, Thoreau Society, q, Save Walden Committee, 1959, series III, WHC (fourth quote). See also Concord (MA) Journal, April 2, 1959, ibid.; W. Barksdale Maynard, Walden Pond: A History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 256–58; Walter Harding, preface to Thoreau’s World and Ours: A Natural Legacy, ed. Edmund A. Schofield and Robert C. Baron (Golden, CO: North American Press, 1993), xvi; Concord (MA) Journal, July 25, August 1, 8, 1957, April 16, December 10, 1959; Saturday Review (August 17, 1957); New York Times Magazine Section, May 11, 1958; “Plea to ‘Save Walden’ Voiced in 1875,” Boston Herald, October 4, 1959; letter to the editor, Boston Globe, August 2, 1957; “Concord Up in Arms Again over Walden Pond,” Boston Globe, August 21, 1960; Boston Globe, August 3, 1957; and New York Times, August 3, 1957, all in T34, Thoreau Society, q, Save Walden Committee, WHC, series III.
28. Morris Longstreth and Frederic Babcock in “The ‘Save Walden’ Campaign,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Fall 1957): 1; Russell Nye in Michigan State News, May 15, 1958, T34, Thoreau Society, q, Save Walden Committee, series III, WHC. See also Perry Miller in Maynard, Walden Pond: A History, 258; Brooks Atkinson in New York Times, August 19, 1957, T34, Thoreau Society, q, Save Walden Committee, series III, WHC; Babcock quoted in Chicago Tribune, August 25, 1946, pt. 4, 4; Truman Nelson, “Battle of Walden Pond,” pt. 2, National Parks Magazine (January 1961): 4–6, T34, Thoreau Society, s, Save Walden Committee, series III, WHC; Hough, Thoreau of Walden, 263; and Truman Nelson, “Walden on Trial,” Nation (July 19, 1958): 30, 33.
29. Philadelphia Inquirer, May 5, 1960; Albert D. Hughes, “Court Rules to Preserve Walden Pond,” Christian Science Monitor, May 3, 1960, both in T34, Thoreau Society, q, Save Walden Committee, series III, WHC; New York Times, July 24, 1957, 28, September 15, 1957, 74; March 30, 1958; May 4, 1960, 51; March 26, 1961, 22; Maynard, Walden Pond: A History, 261–62, 280, 289; Sherwood, “Renaissance at Walden,” 47–48, 50–54, 57.
30. Boston Herald, March 18, 1960, T34, Thoreau Society, q, Save Walden Committee, series III, WHC (first quote); John B. Oakes, “The Uses of Conservation,” New York Times, June 5, 1960, 31, ibid. (second quote). See also New Haven (CT) Journal-Courier, May 16, 1960, and Providence (RI) Journal, May 7, 1960; and Albert D. Hughes, “Walden Ruling Applauded by Antiquarians,” Christian Science Monitor, May 4, 1960, all ibid.
31. Local citizen quoted in Howard Whitman, “Thoreau’s Concord Is Willing to Leave Nature’s Work Alone,” New York Times, September 17, 1972, XX1. See also Joan Merrick Neider, “The Coming Siege of Concord,” New York Times, March 2, 1975, 349; D. F. Clow, letter to the editor, New York Times, March 23, 1975, 336, W40, Wheeler, Ruth Robinson, D ii, series III, WHC; Peter Arnold, “In Thoreau’s Woods,” Massachusetts Audubon (Spring 1968): 2–9, box 326, TFC; Harold H. Blanchard, “Thoreau’s Concord,” Tuftonian (Fall 1944): 117, ibid.; and “Estabrook Country,” ibid.
32. New York Times, February 1, 1962, 16; February 15, 1965, 26.
33. Henry David Thoreau, Wild Fruits: Thoreau’s Rediscovered Last Manuscript, ed. Bradley P. Dean (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), 238. See also John H. Fenton, “Towns Enacts Law to Save Streams,” New York Times, May 14, 1967, 6; and Adeline Pepper, “The Battle to Preserve a Jersey Pond,” New York Times, May 12, 1968, XX16.
34. John Hildebidle, “Thoreau at the Edge,” Prose Studies 15 (December 1992): 344. See also Howard Mumford Jones, “Thoreau and Human Nature,” Atlantic Monthly, September 1962, 57–59.
35. Oscar Godbout, “On Wheels and in Tents,” New York Times, March 22, 1964, “Family Camping” section, 1; John C. Miles, “Wilderness as a Learning Place,” Journal of Environmental Education 18 (Winter 1986–87): 34–35; Joseph Wood Krutch, “Windows on the World of Nature,” New York Times, June 9, 1957, 229.
36. Michael Frome, “After 50 Years, the American Wilderness Still Stands—in Peril,” New York Times, June 2, 1974, I:1, 20–21; Sigurd F. Olson, “The Preservation of Wilderness in the Space Age,” Appalachia (December 1962): 198–99; Gary Snyder, The Practice of the Wild (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1990), 18.
37. Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind, 3rd ed. (1967; reprint, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1982), 84 (first [Thoreau] and second quotes), 102 (third and fourth quotes).
38. Henry D. Thoreau, The Maine Woods, ed. Joseph J. Moldenhauer (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972), 80, 152, 219, 235, 275 (quote). See also Paul H. Oehser, “Wild Man of Walden,” Living Wilderness (Summer 1949): 19–20, in K45, Krutch, Joseph Wood, series III, WHC; James McIntosh, Thoreau as Romantic Naturalist: His Shifting Stance toward Nature (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1974), 190; Sherman Paul, “Thoreau, The Maine Woods, and the Problem of Ktaadn,” in A Century of Early Ecocriticism, ed. David Mazel (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001), 332; Annie Russell Marble, introduction to The Maine Woods, by Henry David Thoreau (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1906), ix–x; and Kent C. Ryden, Landscape with Figures: Nature & Culture in New England (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2001), 120–21.
39. Lewis Leary, “Beyond the Brink of Fear: Thoreau’s Wilderness,” Studies in the Literary Imagination (Spring 1974): 70 (first and second quotes), 72; R. D. Richardson Jr., Myth and Literature in the American Renaissance (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1978), 106 (third quote). See also Robert Francis, “Thoreau on the Benevolence of Nature,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Summer 1977): 2; and Robert Kuhn McGregor, A Wider View of the Universe: Henry Thoreau’s Study of Nature (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997), 74, 80–82.
40. John G. Blair and Augustus Trowbridge, “Thoreau on Katahdin,” American Quarterly 12 (Winter 1960): 510 (Thoreau quote), 511.
41. Thoreau, The Maine Woods, 70–71 (first quote), 156 (second quote). See also Bradford Torrey, “Thoreau’s Attitude toward Nature,” Atlantic Monthly, November 1899, 708.
42. Victor C. Friesen, “Alexander Henry and Thoreau’s Climb of Mount Katahdin,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Spring 1973): 5–6; Blair and Trowbridge, “Thoreau on Katahdin,” 514; McIntosh, Thoreau as Romantic Naturalist, 189; Leo Stoller in Stanley Edgar Hyman, “Henry Thoreau Once More,” Massachusetts Review 4 (Autumn 1962): 164. For more recent interpretations, see Kent Curtis, “The Virtue of Thoreau: Biography, Geography, and History in the Walden Woods,” Environmental History (2010): 34; Daniel Botkin, No Man’s Garden: Thoreau and a New Vision for Civilization and Nature (Washington, DC, and Covelo, CA: Island Press / Shearwater Books, 2001), 10; Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), 12; and Robert D. Richardson Jr., Henry Thoreau: A Life of the Mind (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986), 258.
43. Thoreau, Maine Woods, 71.
44. Paul H. Oehser, “From the Thoreauvian Well,” Living Wilderness 30 (Autumn 1966): 28, box 326, TFC.
45. Condry, Thoreau, 91 (first quote), 92 (second quote, paraphrasing Léon Bazalgette’s Henry Thoreau, Bachelor of Nature). See also Michael Frome, “The Maine Woods: Thoreau, the Essential Guide, Now as in His Own Time,” in Promised Land: Adventures and Encounters in Wild America (New York: William Morrow, 1985), 81, The Maine Woods, D, Criticism, WHC, series II (entire file).
46. Henry David Thoreau in Joseph Wood Krutch, “Wilderness as a Tonic,” Saturday Review (June 8, 1963): 17; Philip F. Gura, “Thoreau’s Maine Woods Indians: More Representative Men,” American Literature 49 (November 1977), 363; John K. Terres, “Seven for Birdwatchers and Friends,” New York Times Book Review, December 6, 1964, 70.
47. Richard Fleck, “Thoreau and Wilderness,” Appalachia (December 1964): 289–91; Jonathan Fairbanks, “Thoreau: Speaker for Wilderness,” South Atlantic Quarterly 70 (1971): 493, 501, 503, 505; Reginald L. Cook, “Thoreau in Perspective,” University of Kansas City Review 14 (1947): 120; Jack Schwartzman in Walter Harding, George Brenner, and Paul A. Doyle, Henry David Thoreau: Studies and Commentaries (Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1972), 151.
48. Philip Slater, The Pursuit of Loneliness: American Culture at the Breaking Point, rev. ed. (1970; reprint, Boston: Beacon Press, 1976), 1, 2, 8–9; 15 (all quotes).
49. B. F. Skinner, “Walden (One) and Walden Two,” Thoreau Society Bulletin (Winter 1973): 3–4. See also Thornton Wilder, “The American Loneliness,” Atlantic Monthly, August 1952, 65–69; and Richard Todd, “‘Walden Two’: Three? Many More?,” New York Times, March 15, 1970, 229.
50. Edwin S. Smith, “A Thoreau for Today,” pt. 2, Mainstream (May 1960): 18; McAleer, “Therapeutic Vituperations,” 86; Henry Beston in Charles B. Seib, The Woods: One Man’s Escape to Nature (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971), 4. See also Joseph Wood Krutch, “Epitaph for an Age,” New York Times, July 30, 1967, 170; and Peter E. Hartley, “Ecological Vision in American Literature,” Ecologist 5 (March–April 1975): 94.
51. Thoreau, The Maine Woods, 71; Stanley A. Tag, “Growing Outward into the World: Henry David Thoreau and the Maine Woods Narrative Tradition, 1804–1886” (PhD diss., University of Iowa, 1994), 277–78. See also McIntosh, Thoreau as Romantic Naturalist, 188, 205–9; Cobb, “Thoreau and ‘the Wild,’” 6–7; Gura, “Thoreau’s Maine Woods Indians,” 372, 379–81, 383; and Kelli Olson, “A Cultural Study of Henry D. Thoreau’s The Maine Woods” (PhD diss., University of Iowa, 2000), 95–96, 104–8, 112).
52. Olson, “Preservation of Wilderness,” 198, 199 (first quote), 200, 201 (second quote), 202, 206 (third [Thoreau] quote).
53. Stewart L. Udall, “To Save the Wonder of the Wilderness,” New York Times Sunday Magazine, May 27, 1962, 12 (first quote), 40 (second quote). See also Frome, “After 50 Years,” 20.
54. Botkin, No Man’s Garden, 156.
55. Henry David Thoreau, “A Winter Walk,” in The Natural History Essays, by Thoreau, ed. Robert Sattelmeyer (Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith, 1980), 55 (first quote); 476; Thoreau, Walden (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1910), 377 (second quote); “Walking,” in The Natural History Essays, by Thoreau, ed. Sattelmeyer, 93 (third quote); Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers: The Writings of Henry David Thoreau, Riverside Press ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1893), 1:395–96.
56. McIntosh, Thoreau as Romantic Naturalist, 95; Leo Marx, “Walden as Transcendental Pastoral,” Emerson Society Quarterly 18 (1960): 16. See also Fairbanks, “Thoreau: Speaker for Wilderness,” 495–96; and Theodore Haddin, “Thoreau’s Reputation Once More,” Thoreau Journal Quarterly 4 (January 15, 1972): 13.
57. Jacob Deschin, “The Theme Is Nature,” New York Times, May 29, 1963, XX21.
58. Eliot Porter, In Wildness Is the Preservation of the World (San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1962), 7 (first quote); Brooks Atkinson, “‘Place No One Knew’ Is Photographic Elegy on Demise of a Western Canyon,” New York Times, June 11, 1963, 34 (second quote). See also Jacob Deschin, “Porter’s Camera Looks at Nature,” New York Times, July 23, 1967, 88.
59. Joseph Wood Krutch in Porter, In Wildness, 9 (first quote), 10, 11 (second quote). See also Eliot Porter, Summer Island: Penobscot Country (San Francisco: Sierra Club / Ballantine Books, 1976).
60. Howard Zahniser, “Thoreau and the Preservation of Wildness,” Thoreau Society Bulletin 60 (1957): 2. See also Henry G. Bugbee, “Wilderness in America,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 42 (December 1974): 614.
61. Sandra Harbert Petrulionis and Laura Dassow Walls, afterword to More Day to Dawn: Thoreau’s “Walden” for the Twenty-First Century, ed. Petrulionis and Walls (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2007), 242 (first quote); Baird, “Corn Grows in the Night,” 99 (second quote); Walter Harding, “Century of Thoreau,” Audubon (March 1945): 80 (third quote).
62. Joseph Wood Krutch, “The Wilderness at Our Doorstep,” New York Times Book Review, June 21, 1953, 1.
63. Wendell Berry, “Getting along with Nature,” in Home Economics (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1987), 11 (first and third quotes); Berry, “Preserving Wildness,” ibid., 140 (second quote), 144 (fourth quote).
1. Kathryn Schulz, “Pond Scum,” New Yorker, October 19, 2015, 40. For a more nuanced description of the St. John scene, see Laura Dassow Walls, Henry David Thoreau: A Life (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017), 278; Jedediah Purdy, “In Defense of Thoreau,” Atlantic, October 20, 2015; and Sandra Harbert Petrulionis and Laura Dassow Walls, afterword to More Day to Dawn: Thoreau’s Walden for the Twenty-First Century, ed. Petrulionis and Walls (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2007), 245.
2. Richard Lebeaux, Young Man Thoreau (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1977); Richard Bridgman, Dark Thoreau (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982), x (first quote), xi (second quote), 119; Robert Milder, Reimagining Thoreau (New York: Cambridge, 1995), 5 (quote), 99–102, 134.
3. Robert Sullivan, The Thoreau You Don’t Know: How Reevaluating the Dean of Green Makes Us Rethink Our World (New York: Bloomsbury, 2012), 5, 10–14, 144 (quote), 160, 173–74; David Gessner, “Wild and Crazy Guy,” New York Times Book Review, April 19, 2009, 26. See also Petrulionis and Walls, afterword to More Day to Dawn, 246.
4. Scott A. Sandage, Born Losers (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), 2, 20 (Thoreau and Sandage quotes), 21.
5. Bill McKibben, “The End of Nature,” New Yorker, September 11, 1989, 70, 72–73, 79, 104 (both quotes).
6. Albert Southwick, “Thoreau’s Drumbeat Is Still Being Heard,” Boston Globe, July 7, 1991, A20. See also Ian Box, “Why Read Thoreau?,” Dalhousie Review 75 (Spring 1995): 5–6.
7. Elizabeth Hall Witherell, “Henry David Thoreau,” in Prospects for the Study of American Literature: A Guide for Scholars and Students, ed. Richard Kopley (New York: New York University Press, 1997), 21; Stephen Fender, “The Environmental Imagination: Walden and Its Readers,” Journal of American Studies 31 (August 1997): 313; Petrulionis and Walls, afterword to More Day to Dawn, 241.
8. Monika Elbert, “(S)exchanges: Julia Ward Howe’s The Hermaphrodite and the Gender Dialectics of Transcendentalism,” in Toward a Female Genealogy of Transcendentalism, ed. Jana L. Argersinger and Phyllis Cole (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2014), 238; Jane Bennett, Thoreau’s Nature, Ethics, Politics and the Wild (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1994), 17. See also Lawrence Buell, “American Pastoral Ideology Reappraised,” American Literary History 1 (Spring 1989): 3.
9. Gary Scharnhorst, Henry David Thoreau: A Case Study in Canonization (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1993), 1. Other books that trace his status in the canon include Michael T. Gilmore, American Romanticism and the Marketplace (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985); Raymond Jackson Wilson, Figures of Speech: American Writers and the Literary Marketplace (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1989); Steven Fink, Prophet in the Marketplace: Thoreau’s Development as a Professional Writer (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992); and Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995).
10. Donald Worster, Nature’s Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), 65–66; Kent Curtis, “The Virtue of Thoreau: Biography, Geography, and History in the Walden Woods,” Environmental History (2010): 37.
11. Bennett, Thoreau’s Nature, xx, xxii (quote), 89. See also Michael Curtis Meyer, Several More Lives to Live: Thoreau’s Political Reputation in America (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977), 9, 20, 25, 44; Bob Pepperman Taylor, America’s Bachelor Uncle: Thoreau and the American Polity (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996), 1–2, 13; and John S. Pipkin, “Hiding Places: Thoreau’s Geographies,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 91, no. 3 (2001): 527–28.
12. Sandra Harbert Petrulionis, To Set This World Right: The Antislavery Movement in Thoreau’s Concord (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006), 2 (quote) 3–4, 54, 59, 103, 141; Michael Bennett, Democratic Discourses: The Radical Abolition Movement and Antebellum American Literature (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005), 105. See also J. J. Donahue, “‘Hardly the Voice of the Same Man’: Civil Disobedience and Thoreau’s Response to John Brown,” Midwest Quarterly 48 (Winter 2007): 247–55, 261–62, 264; and Barry Kritzberg, “Thoreau, Slavery, and Resistance to Civil Government,” Massachusetts Review 30 (Winter 1989): 535–39, 547, 550, 562.
13. Jay Parini, Promised Land: Thirteen Books That Changed America (New York: Doubleday, 2008), 131; Brent Powell, “Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King Jr., and the American Tradition of Protest,” OAH Magazine of History 9 (Winter 1995): 29; Chad Montrie, Making a Living: Work and Environment in the United States (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008), 130. See also Sandra Harbert Petrulionis, “The ‘Higher Law’: Then and Now,” Thoreau Society Bulletin, no. 262 (Spring 2008): 6–7; Taylor, America’s Bachelor Uncle, 73, 84, 91; Bennett, Thoreau’s Nature, 97, 99–100; Len Gougeon, “Thoreau and Reform,” in Cambridge Companion to Henry David Thoreau, ed. Joel Myerson (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 194–214; Lance Newman, “Thoreau’s Materialism: From Walden to Wild Fruits,” in More Day to Dawn, ed. Petrulionis and Walls, 101, 107; and Box, “Why Read Thoreau?,” 9.
14. Southwick, “Thoreau’s Drumbeat Is Still Being Heard.”
15. Gary Paul Nabhan, foreword to Faith in a Seed: The Dispersion of Seeds, and Other Late Natural History Writings, by Henry D. Thoreau, ed. Bradley P. Dean (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1993), xiii; Robert D. Richardson Jr., introduction to ibid., 8; Peter A. Fritzell, Nature Writing and America: Essays upon a Cultural Type (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1990), 189; Petrulionis and Walls, afterword to More Day to Dawn, 243; William Rossi, “Thoreau’s Transcendental Ecocriticism,” in Thoreau’s Sense of Place: Essays in American Environmental Writing, ed. Richard J. Schneider (Ames: University of Iowa Press, 2000), 28, 33, 36; Laura Dassow Walls in “Thoreau’s Walden in the Twenty-First Century,” Concord Saunterer, n.s., 12–13 (2004–5): 16.
16. Max Oelschlaeger, The Idea of Wilderness from Prehistory to the Age of Ecology (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991), 162 (quote), 171; Nabhan, foreword to Faith in a Seed, by Thoreau, xiv (quote). See also Richardson, introduction to ibid., 13; and Newman, “Thoreau’s Materialism,” 103. In her 2017 biography of Thoreau, Laura Dassow Walls traces Thoreau’s pre-Darwinian thought back to his reading of Charles Lyell’s evolutionary geology. See also Walls, Henry David Thoreau, 275, 459.
17. Leo Marx, “The Struggle over Thoreau,” pt. 1, New York Review of Books 46, no. 11 (1999): 60; Richardson, introduction to Faith in a Seed, by Thoreau, 3, 5–7; Nina Baym, “Region and Environment in American Literature,” New England Quarterly 77 (June 2004): 301.
18. Lawrence Buell, “Henry Thoreau and the American Canon,” in New Essays on “Walden,” ed. Robert F. Sayre (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 46. See also Buell, Environmental Imagination, 365; Baym, “Region and Environment,” 305; Timothy Sweet and Daniel Philippon, “Projecting Early American Environmental Writing: Is Early American Environmental Writing Sustainable? A Response to Timothy Sweet,” Early American Literature 45, no. 2 (2010): 404; John Cumbler, review of Environmental Imagination, by Buell, American Studies 38 (Spring 1997): 165; Lawrence Buell, “Thoreau and the Natural Environment,” in Cambridge Companion to Thoreau, ed. Myerson, 171–93; and Buell, “American Pastoral Ideology Reappraised,” 20.
19. Matthew F. Child, “The Thoreau Ideal as a Unifying Thread in the Conservation Movement,” Conservation Biology 23 (April 2009): 241. See also Mark Hamilton Lytle, The Gentle Subversive: Rachel Carson, “Silent Spring,” and the Rise of the Environmental Movement (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 199; Bennett, Thoreau’s Nature, 81; David M. Robinson, Natural Life: Thoreau’s Worldly Transcendentalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004), 26, 94, 100, 102, 108; Oelschlaeger, Idea of Wilderness, 150; and Newman, “Thoreau’s Materialism,” 116.
20. Don Mortland, “Henry David Thoreau: Deep Ecologist?,” Between the Species 10 (Summer–Fall 1994): 131 (quote), 134; Curtis, “Virtue of Thoreau,” 32 (quote), 33. See also Don Scheese, Nature Writing: The Pastoral Impulse in America (New York: Twayne, 1996), 41. The original interpretation of Thoreau as a pastoralist is Leo Marx, The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (1964; reprint, New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 15, 23. See also Marx, “Walden as Transcendental Pastoral,” Emerson Society Quarterly 18 (1960): 17; Lawrence Buell and Leo Marx, “An Exchange on Thoreau,” New York Review of Books, December 2, 1999, 64; and Lawrence Buell, “American Pastoral Ideology Reappraised,” 21.
21. Daniel Botkin, No Man’s Garden: Thoreau and a New Vision for Civilization and Nature (Washington, DC: Island Press / Shearwater Books, 2001), xv, xvi, 20, 38–39, 107, 117, 125. See also Philip Cafaro, review of No Man’s Garden, Conservation Biology 15 (October 2001): 1472.
22. David R. Foster, Thoreau’s Country: Journey through a Transformed Landscape (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
23. Michelle Nijhuis, “Teaming Up with Thoreau,” Smithsonian Magazine 38 (October 2007): 62–63, 64 (quote). See also Robert Lee Hotz, “Another Thoreau Lesson: His Notes from 1850s Help Study of Climate Change,” Wall Street Journal, June 13, 2008, A10; Richard B. Primack, Abraham J. Miller-Rushing, and Kiruba Dharaneeswaran, “Changes in the Flora of Thoreau’s Concord,” Biological Conservation 142, no. 3 (2009): 502, 506; Miller-Rushing and Primack, “Global Warming and Flowering Times in Thoreau’s Concord: A Community Perspective,” Ecology 89 (February 2008): 332–33, 238, 340; Cornelia Dean, “Thoreau Is Rediscovered as a Climatologist,” New York Times, October 28, 2008, D1; and Walls, Henry David Thoreau, xvi.
24. Anne LaBastille, “If Thoreau Could See It Now,” Boston Globe, May 6, 1990, B21 (first quote), B22 (second quote). See also Leslie Allen, “Thoreau’s Soggy Beach Trek,” New York Times, October 31, 1999, TR8; and Ethan Gilsdorf, “Tracking Thoreau through a Land ‘Grim and Wild,’” New York Times, September 19, 1008, F4.
25. Scheese, Nature Writing, 56 (quote), 57, 60; James A. Papa Jr., “Reinterpreting Myths: The Wilderness and the Indian in Thoreau’s Maine Woods,” Midwest Quarterly 40 (Winter 1999): 216, 217 (quote), 218–22. See also J. Parker Huber, The Wildest Country: A Guide to Thoreau’s Maine (Boston: Appalachian Mountain Club, 1981); Jeffrey Meyers, “Seeking New Terrain: Thoreau’s ‘Preservation of the World,’” in Converging Stories: Race, Ecology, and Environmental Justice in American Literature (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2005); and John R. Knott, Imagining Wild America (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002), 68.
26. William Cronon, “The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature.” Environmental History 1 (January 1996): 7 (Thoreau quote and first Cronon quote), 10 (second quote) 11, 15 (third quote), 17, 21, 25.
27. Donald Worster, “Thoreau and the American Passion for Wilderness,” Concord Saunter, n.s., 10 (2002): 5, 8 (first quote), 9 (second quote), 11–12.
28. Edward M. Kennedy in Heaven Is Under Our Feet, ed. Don Henley and Dave Marsh (Stamford, CT: Longmeadow Press, 1991), 45. See also Bennett, Thoreau’s Nature, 80–81; and Papa, “Reinterpreting Myths,” 215.
29. Sullivan, Thoreau You Don’t Know, 3; Bradley P. Dean in “Thoreau’s Walden in the Twenty-First Century,” 7; Bennett, Thoreau’s Nature, 81; SueEllen Campbell in “Thoreau’s Walden in the Twenty-First Century,” 7. See also Petrulionis and Walls, afterword to More Day to Dawn, 242; Box, “Why Read Thoreau?,” 12; and Alex Beam, “Thoreau Makes More Sense as the Years Go By,” Boston Globe, July 12, 2008, E8.
30. Parini, Promised Land, 128; Petrulionis and Walls, afterword to More Day to Dawn, 245; Southwick, “Thoreau’s Drumbeat Is Still Being Heard.”