Allen, Clarrie 90
Allen family 88
The Alley (fishing place) 27–8, 42–6, 78, 84–8, 92, 96, 103, 107, 153–4, 160, 166–9, 205
Alverson, Lee 10
Alvey, Jack 266
anchovy (Engraulis australis) see froggies (anchovies)
anchovy (Stolephorus buccaneeri) 161, 168
Andrews, ‘Shorty’ 30
angling, defined 36–7; see also recreational fishing
aquatic habitats see Cudgen Creek, NSW; marine ecosystems; rivers and creeks; wetlands
area closures 242–3, 247, 250, 253–4, 282–3, 287
Argue, Sandy 10
Australian bonito (horse mackerel) 50, 174, 293
Australian Hotel, Murwillumbah 57
bag limits 53, 63, 251, 273, 275
baitfish 81–2, 95, 101; see also froggies (anchovies); garfish; luderick; mullet; pilchard; whiting
see also bait under specific types of fishing: bream fishing; jewfish fishing; snapper fishing; tailor fishing; tuna
barracuda 161
bass see Australian bass; red bass (mangrove jack)
beach fishing 37, 71, 106–7, 115, 192–4, 200–1, 217
beach worms see worms
beaches closed to power vehicles 288
Bell, Johann 11
‘better fishing’ question see ‘quality of fishing’ question
birdlife see seagulls
black snapper see drummer
blackfish see luderick
blue pilchard 43, 106–7, 119, 170, 193, 197, 293; see also pilchard
boardriding see surfing impact on fish presence
boats 51, 195, 197–9, 203–4, 252, 267, 288
Bogangar (Cabarita) 48, 74, 80, 92, 187, 196–7
The Bombie (fishing place) 85–6, 196
bonito (horse mackerel) 50, 174, 293
Botany Bay habitat modification and loss 197, 244
bow-and-arrow fish hunting 183–5
bream fishing 28–9, 53, 54, 127, 154–5
The Bream Hole (fishing place) 82, 160, 162–3
Broadhead, Gordon 10
Brunswick Heads, NSW 53
Bunny (jewfish fisherman) anecdote 173–5
Cabarita (Bogangar) 48, 74, 80, 92, 187, 196–7
casting 28–9, 30, 43, 135–6, 188–9, 201–2
catch and release 53, 60–1, 290–1
Church, Kevin 213
Clarence River, NSW 123, 188, 200, 240
Clynch, Normie 51
catch and effort data 274–5, 279
catch magnitude 38–9, 251, 274–5
efficiency 267
impact on fish populations 250–1, 279, 283
livelihood 58
regulation and management 249, 273–5, 284–6, 289, 291; see also fisheries management
see also fish sales by recreational fishers
commercial fishing licences 55, 56–9, 62
conservation 38, 242–3, 253–4, 291–2; see also area closures; marine ecosystems
COVID-19 impact on fishing 268–9
creeks see rivers and creeks
Crop, Ben 86
Cudgen Creek, NSW 11, 27, 31, 110
causes of ecosystem change/ongoing threats 257, 258–62, 264
fisheries resources (impacts on and threats to) 261–2
habitat modification and loss 241, 244, 252–3, 255–62
training walls 11, 28, 31, 71, 102, 241, 252–3, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 264
Cudgera see Hastings Point (Cudgera), NSW
dart (swallowtail) 94, 111, 293
deep-freezes see freezers
drummer 54, 82, 86, 177, 217, 226, 293
Drummer Rock (fishing place) 82–3, 84, 96
dusky flathead 141, 156, 191, 194, 287, 293
ecological and economic benefits and problems of fishing 41, 62–3
ecosystem-based fisheries management see under fisheries management
ecosystems
aquatic see estuaries; marine ecosystems; rivers and creeks; wetlands
Cudgen Creek see Cudgen Creek, NSW
Kingscliff rocks see Kingscliff rocks
eels 77
electronic devices 251–2, 266–8
estuaries
case studies of ecosystems 255–62
habitat destruction 244
see also Cudgen Creek, NSW; rivers and creeks; walls at river mouths
Everson, Beryl 51
evolutionary science 34–5, 290
exotic marine species in Australia 248, 283
fish
blood-clotting mechanisms 161–2
sense of smell 102, 104–5, 107, 117, 119, 171, 173
size specificity in schools 233–9
see also fish populations; and specific types of fish
fish abundance
relative abundance 232–3, 239–42
sand mining impact 27
species disappearance 93–5, 100
see also commercial fishing; recreational fishing
fish behaviour 88–9, 104, 105–7, 232–9
jewfish behaviour 78–9, 105–7, 109, 110–113, 118, 120, 126, 144, 224–5
mullet schooling behaviour 233–5, 238
tailor behaviour 112–113, 162, 209
fish consumption 35, 36, 64–5, 289–91
family favourites 90
preparation, cooking and eating 156–7, 177
fish eggs and larvae
impact of pollutants 245–6, 281
and temperature fluctuations 280–1
fish populations
decline see fish populations, decline in
habitat preference 232–3, 239; see also marine ecosystems
impact of recreational fishing 55, 63, 251–2, 278–9
see also jewfish populations
fish populations, decline in 92–5, 239–44
habitat destruction 243–4, 249
introduced species and pathogens 248–9, 283–4
localised depletion 92–5, 193, 231, 268
fish sales by recreational fishers 52, 53, 55–60, 61, 270
jewfish 113–114, 131–4, 139, 213–216
Spanish mackerel 208
fisheries management 62–4, 228–31, 241–4
area closures strategy 282–3, 287, 288
commercial fishing 249, 273–5, 284–6, 289
jewfish (mulloway) recovery program 240–1, 286
progress 253–4, 264, 273–6, 284
recreational fishing 249, 253–4, 262, 273–6, 278–9, 286–7
Threat and Risk Assessment (TARA) approach 242, 282–3
fisheries resources
allocation of 228–9, 251, 253–4, 288–9
impacts and threats 261–2, 277–92
see also fish populations
fisheries science 10, 160, 229–43, 250, 267
fishermen/fishers
fish-finding electronics 251–2, 266–8
fishing area closures 242–3, 247, 250, 253–4, 282–3
fishing competitions 52, 53–5, 76, 187–8, 191
fishing effort
collective fishing power 252, 266–70, 272–3
fishing for food see fish consumption
fishing gear 14, 16, 28–30, 37
bait net 164
electronic devices 251–2, 266–8
handlines 202–3; see also handline fishing
jewfish fishing 70–1, 75, 114, 121–6, 148, 251–2
lines and line strength 122–3, 125, 144, 266
lures 37, 123–6, 251, 265–6, 272, 287
restrictions 62
rods 143, 144, 145, 148, 218, 266
spinners 32, 37, 54, 87–9, 99, 123, 179
fishing in hunter–gatherer societies 35; see also Indigenous fishing practices
fishing licences 55, 56–9, 62; see also commercial fishing; recreational fishing
fishing line see lines and line strength
fishing stories 7–8, 41, 200–1
fishing success
see also ‘quality of fishing’ question
Flat Top (fishing place) 95, 189–90
dusky flathead 141, 156, 191, 194, 287, 293
flathead fishing 28, 29, 54, 186, 191–4, 217
flat-tail mullet (tiger mullet) 97–100, 101, 102, 105, 293
flood mitigation schemes 246, 247; see also walls at river mouths
four-wheel-drive vehicles 37, 53–4, 191–2, 288
Fowler, Allan (Chookie) 51, 195–9
Foyster’s (fishing place) 217
Fraser Island, Queensland 188
froggies (anchovies) 106, 160, 163, 165–8, 170–1, 191, 197, 293
catching technique 96
recovery plans 284
as tailor bait 31, 32, 37, 52, 53–4, 59, 87–8, 96, 165, 186, 188, 189
Garvin, John 267
giant groper see Queensland groper
giant trevally (GT) 86, 88–9, 92–4, 95, 99, 209–11, 293
‘good old days’ see ‘quality of fishing’ question
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park 282–3
green tree frogs as bait 184–5
groper 293
gulls see seagulls
The Guts (fishing place) 86
handline fishing 52, 72, 135–6, 192, 196, 202–4
Hardge, Tony 136
hard-gut mullet 13, 17, 22, 62, 97, 98
schooling behaviour 233–5, 238
Harris, John 11
Hastings Point (Cudgera), NSW 26, 74, 75, 80, 171, 203, 206
Flat Top fishing place 95, 189–90
health benefits of seafood consumption 290–1
Higgins, Cec 54, 97, 98, 114, 119–120, 146, 216–223, 266
Hill 60 (fishing place) 60, 84, 85, 96, 209–10
horse mackerel (Australian bonito) 50, 174, 293
human population growth
pressure on habitats 244, 246, 259
Tweed Shire 257
Indigenous fishing practices 36, 176–85
inexperienced fisherman anecdote (jewfish fishing) 13–24
information exchange 265, 268; see also electronic devices
jagging 56, 61–2, 67, 97, 129–30, 146, 147, 178
Jefferts, Keith 10
jewfish
behaviour 78–9, 105–7, 109, 110–113, 118, 120, 126, 144, 224–5
echo-sounding detection 266
functional design and power 139–42, 144
large size 134, 136–8, 149, 150–1
motionless reflex response to stranding 69–70
jewfish fishing 30, 40, 47–8, 53, 54, 71–9, 82, 218, 264–5
author’s addiction to 66–79, 127–8
bag and size limits 251, 253, 275
bait 31, 32, 68, 72–3, 96, 97, 98, 101, 106, 146–7, 170–2, 173, 182, 217
bait liveliness 116–119, 120–1
catch 51, 73, 134, 136, 137–8, 251, 252–3
catch magnitude 31–2, 71, 251, 274–5, 279
catch sales 52
commercial fishing 251, 279, 289
daytime (priority conditions) 104–8, 120–1, 127–8
fishing places 11, 28, 32–3, 102, 103, 116, 188
gear 70–1, 75, 114, 121–6, 148, 251–2
inexperienced fisherman anecdote 13–24
local myths 32
lost fish 113–114, 131–4, 139, 213–216
mesh netting 251
prey species presence 104, 105, 110–111
social licence 289
success factors 113–119, 120–1, 270
jewfish populations
conservation and management 171–2, 240–1, 253, 274–6, 286, 287
decline 239–42, 243, 249, 252–4, 265, 278–9
impact of recreational fishing 271–2
population size estimates (2020) 241
range contraction and habitat preference 240–2
Joubert’s Hole, Tweed River, NSW 191
Julian Rocks, Cape Byron, NSW 203–4
Jumpinpin, Queensland 187
Kearney, Jack
bream cooking and eating 155–7
on commercial fishing 56, 57–8
on froggies 165
on The Guts’ name 86
and seagulls 89
on snapper fishing 207
Kearney’s Rock (fishing place) 126
Kellaher, Jimmy 53–4, 87, 95, 192
King, Bernard 231
population growth 257
see also Cudgen Creek, NSW
Kingscliff Amateur Fishing Club 52–3, 55, 152, 206
Kingscliff rocks 27–8, 31, 80–9, 92–102
habitat destruction 11, 28, 102
sand build-up 11, 28, 33, 84–6, 100, 183, 252, 256, 258–9, 264
Kingscliff rocks, specific fishing places
The Alley see The Alley (fishing place)
The Guts 86
Hill 60 60, 84, 85, 96, 209–10
Round Rock 28–9, 30–1, 84, 85, 89, 96, 98–9, 103, 178–9, 217
Snapper Hole 30, 85–6, 89, 114, 180, 202–3, 206, 207, 212–216, 219–223
The South End see The South End (fishing place)
The Ledge (fishing place) 82–4
lines and line strength 122–3, 125, 144, 266
live bait 32, 165, 184–5; see also bait
luderick 82, 86, 101–2, 105, 226, 293
lures 37, 123–6, 251, 265–6, 272, 287; see also spinners
mackerel
Spanish mackerel 74, 83–4, 121–2, 136, 195, 196, 208, 209, 294
mangrove jacks (red bass) 183–5, 294
change in 264
conservation and management 282–3, 286–7, 291–2; see also area closures
habitat destruction 11, 28, 102, 241–2, 243–4, 252–3
Kingscliff rocks 80–2, 92–102, 252–3, 264; see also Cudgen Creek, NSW
see also estuaries; fisheries management
Marine Estate Management Authority (NSW) 242, 282, 283
Mary’s Rock 31
mining (sand mining) 27, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260
mullet 293
as bait 14–23, 28, 32, 81, 90–1, 97, 98, 219–220
as bait (live bait) 119–121, 217
catching (line or net) 66, 90–2, 101–2
for fish and chip trade 58
flat-tail mullet (tiger mullet) 97–100, 101, 102, 105, 293
jagging 56, 61–2, 67, 97, 129–30, 146, 147, 178
sand mullet 28, 32, 90, 101, 294
schooling behaviour 233–5, 238
schools of 97–8, 99–100, 102, 129–31
mulloway see jewfish
Murwillumbah, NSW 57, 66, 67, 68, 77
Murwillumbah fishermen 67, 71, 216
snapper size classes 204
see also terminology
National Health and Medical Research Council 290
New Caledonia 104–5, 136, 208, 213
night fishing 42–9, 85, 87, 100–1, 108–9
nippers see yabbies (nippers)
No Hopers (fishing place) 28, 91, 96, 217
NSW Fisheries Inspectors 57–9, 60, 63–4; see also fisheries management
NSW Fisheries Research Institute 171–2
overfishing 62, 241, 248, 249–53, 274, 275, 284–5
Panama 208
perched lakes 261
Philp, Hughie 207
pilchard 31, 32, 37, 43–4, 52, 88, 162–3, 166, 293
blue pilchard 43, 106–7, 119, 170, 193, 197, 293
eastern versus western varieties 172–3
pathogens 248
size specificity in schools 233
white pilchard 92, 154, 160, 162–3, 166, 167–9, 191, 294
Piper, Wayne 124
pipis 284
pollution 243, 244–8, 279, 281–2
population (human) see human population growth
populations (fish) see fish populations
Pritchard, Keith 53–4, 87, 95, 155, 192
Prosser, Harry 204
Proudfoot, Tom 70
‘quality of fishing’ question 34–41, 263–76
fisheries management 264, 273–6
fishing gear improvements 265–8, 277–8
impact of fishing on fish population 271–6
jewfish stocks 265
social value 39–41, 270–1, 289–90
Rat Island, Jumpinpin, Queensland 187
bag limits 53, 63, 251, 253, 275
catch and effort data 274, 279
catch and release 53, 60–1, 290–1
catch magnitude 38–9, 251, 274
catch sales 52, 53, 55–60, 61, 270
collective fishing power 252, 266–70, 272–3
comparisons over time 34–41, 263–4
competitions 52, 53–5, 76, 187–8, 191
ecological benefits and problems 41
economic benefits and problems 41, 62–3
gear see fishing gear
impact on fish populations 55, 63, 251–2, 271–6, 278–9, 283
‘industrialisation’ of 37
management and regulation 249, 253–4, 262, 273–6, 278–9, 286–7, 291–2
number of anglers 265
size limits 62, 63–4, 249, 251, 253, 275
social attitudes 39–41, 50–65, 264, 273, 279–80, 289
social benefits 39–41, 270–1, 292
target species 54
red bass (mangrove jack) 183–5, 294
Richmond River, NSW 100, 182, 200, 247–8, 262
Riesenweber, Artie and Ritchie 152–4, 192
rivers and creeks 246
estuaries see estuaries
rating of pressures on 256
river mouths and jewfish populations 240–1
threats to fisheries resources 261–2
training walls see walls at river mouths
see also Clarence River, NSW; Cudgen Creek, NSW; Richmond River, NSW; Tweed River, NSW
Robbins, Carl 10
rock fishing 201; see also Kingscliff rocks
rods 143, 144, 145, 148, 218, 266
Round Rock (fishing place) 28–9, 30–1, 84, 85, 89, 96, 98–9, 103, 178–9, 217
salt-marsh 257, 260, 261; see also wetlands
samson see giant trevally (GT)
sand build-up 11, 28, 33, 84–6, 100, 183, 252, 256, 258–9, 264
sand mining 27, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260
sand mullet 28, 32, 90, 101, 294; see also mullet
sand whiting 95, 294; see also whiting
sand worms see worms
sandy sprat see white pilchard
Sanotti, Billy 74
Scharnock, Tom 51
scientific classification of fish 9, 293–4; see also
names of fish species
scientists see evolutionary science; fisheries science
scoffle fishing 54
sea mullet 62, 90, 97; see also mullet
seafood industry 56, 58–9, 289
fish naming consistency 9
see also fish consumption; fish sales by recreational fishers
seagulls
size limits (fish) 63–4, 249, 251, 253, 275
smell, sense of (in fish) 102, 104–5, 107, 117, 119, 171, 173
Smith, Alex 207
Smith, Billy 10, 45–9, 84, 126, 182, 266
schools of large snapper 204–7
size classes 204
snapper fishing 29–31, 85–6, 89, 196, 201–7, 219–223, 265
Snapper Hole (fishing place) 30, 85–6, 89, 114, 180, 202–3, 206, 207, 212–216, 219–223
Snapper Rock, Kingscliff (fishing place) 84, 115, 119, 214, 215–216
Snapper Rocks, Coolangatta (fishing place) 48, 59
social attitudes to fishing 39–41, 50–65, 264, 273, 279–80, 289–91
social benefits of fishing 39–41, 270–1
The South End (fishing place) 11, 76–8, 84–5, 97, 102, 103, 107–10, 119–120, 122, 126
attributes and advantages 127–8
fishing difficulties 113–115, 131–4, 146–7
Spanish mackerel 74, 83–4, 121–2, 136, 195, 196, 208, 209, 294
spinners 32, 37, 54, 87–9, 99, 123, 179, 189–90
Stan (Sluggo) (fisherman) 150–1
Stewart, Jim 63
Suda, Akira 10
surfing impact on fish presence 48, 197
swallowtail (dart) 94, 111, 293
swamp see wetlands
tailor 294
tailor fishing 29, 30, 31, 42–9, 53–5, 82–4, 153, 196–7
bait 31, 32, 37, 52, 53–4, 59, 87–8, 96, 165, 186, 188, 189, 217
catch 87
spinning/spinners 32, 54, 83, 87–9, 99, 189–90
Talbot, Bill 172
Tangalooma, Moreton Island, Queensland 152
Taylor, Valerie 86
terminology
benchmarks 12
names of fish species 9–10, 293–4
snapper size classes 204
Thompson, Len 29, 53, 162–3, 186–94, 266
tiger mullet see flat-tail mullet (tiger mullet)
training walls see walls at river mouths
trevally
giant trevally (GT) 86, 88–9, 92–4, 95, 99, 209–11, 293
trumpeter whiting 95, 294; see also whiting
as bait 173
turrum see giant trevally (GT)
Tweed Heads, NSW 52, 55, 58–9, 135, 213, 265
Tweed region, NSW
commercial fishing 55–6, 58, 59
population growth 257
Tweed River, NSW 57, 59, 100, 200
Joubert’s Hole 191
value of fishing see social attitudes to fishing; social benefits of fishing
walls at river mouths
Cudgen Creek 11, 28, 31, 71, 102, 241, 252–3, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 264
see also Kingscliff rocks
wetlands 25, 184, 185, 241, 246, 256–7, 259, 260, 261, 264
Wettle, Bob 11
whales, fisher encounters with 199, 204
white pilchard 92, 154, 160, 162–3, 166, 167–9, 191, 294; see also pilchard
whiting
for bait 27, 32, 72–3, 81, 95, 102
large size 68
nursery grounds 65
whiting fishing 63–5, 68, 72, 127, 188
Williams, Georgy 74–5, 171, 206
wobblers see lures
Wooyung, NSW 192
Wright, Bill 168
Wylie, Beryl 50
Wylie, Noel 50, 85, 89, 123, 148, 193, 218
yabbie pumps 27