Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Abān, Ibn Abī ‘Ayyāsh “Fīrūz,”
16–17,
32Al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib,
25Abbasid Revolution,
18–19Abbasids,
111,
129–30,
132–35; caliphate of,
xi,
43,
147,
162; Inquisition of,
136; Shi’ites and,
43; state system of,
153; Umayyads and,
3Abraham (biblical figure),
6Abū Bakr,
x,
1,
25–30,
53,
93,
182n57; accession of,
163; ʿAlī and,
4,
14; conspiracy and,
14,
22,
75,
165; death of,
xi,
3; election of,
5,
22; legitimacy of,
5; Sunnism and,
5; ʿUmar and,
8; Wars of Apostasy and,
3Abū Dharr al-Ghifārī,
15,
24,
27Abū Ghālib al-Zurārī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Sulaymān,
144Abū Nu’aym al-Iṣfahānī,
202n70Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Jarrāḥ,
25Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim b. Sallām,
53Adam (biblical figure),
6,
118Addition, of passages,
167A’
immat al-ḥaqq (guides of truth),
117
Akhbāriyya traditionalism,
64Al-ʿAlawī, Abū Zayd ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad,
139Al-ʿAlawī, Muḥammad b. Zayd,
130ʿAlī,
19,
27–30,
33–36,
55,
70,
85,
94,
183n65; Abū Bakr and,
4,
14; assassination of,
xi,
15; gnosis and,
99; as master of hermeneutics,
95; as Muḥammad’s successor,
5–6; proto-Shi’ism and,
98; shunting aside of,
14,
22,
75,
93,
165,
171Alids,
5,
17,
31,
43,
57,
76,
79; dualism and,
92; suppressions of,
3,
165; Umayyads and,
3,
15,
98; Zaydi,
130Al-ʿĀmilī, Bahā’ al-Dīn Muḥammad,
150ʿAmūd min nūr (Pillar of Light),
121
Al-Anmāṭī, Ibrāhīm b. Ṣāliḥ,
112Anṣārī, Muḥammad Bāqir,
20Al-Anṣārī, al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḥusayn al-ʿUranī,
81Anṣārī Zanjānī Khū’īnī M. B.,
20Antitranscendentalists,
132Arabic letters, transcription system of,
xArchives of the opposition,
7Al-Ardabīlī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī,
100Asbāb al-nuzūl (circumstances of Revelation),
82,
87
Aṣḥāb al-ʿarabiyya (masters of the Arabic language),
56
Al-Ashʿarī, Abū al-Ḥasan,
140Al-Ashʿarī, Aḥmad b. Isḥāq b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qummī,
108Al-Ashʿarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī Ibn Maḥbūb,
67Al-ʿAṭṭār al-Qummī, Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā,
107,
109Al-ʿAyyāshī, Muḥammad b. Masʿūd,
63,
73–74,
90
Badā’ (divine changeability),
71
Al-Baghdādī, Abū ʿUbayd Allāh Muḥammad b. ʿImrān al-Marzubānī,
82Al-Baghdādī, al-Khaṭīb,
126,
136Al-Baḥrānī, al-Sayyid Hāshim,
18Al-Balkhī, Abū al-Qāsim,
140Banū ʿAbd Shams,
x,
8,
76Bardasanes (Bardayṣān),
124,
170Al-Barqī, Muḥammad b. Khālid,
66,
80Al-Barqī al-Qummī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī Mājīlawayh b. Abī l-Qāsim Bundār,
144Al-baṣar (penetrating glance),
121
Al-Baṣrī, ʿAffān b. Muslim al-Ṣaffār,
81Al-Baṣrī, Maʿmar b. Rāshid,
20Battle of Nahrawān,
xi,
3Battle of Ṣiffīn,
xi,
3,
78Battle of the Camel (Jamal),
xi,
3,
33,
71Al-Bazzāz, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Karīm b. ʿAbdallāh b. Naṣr,
144Bergsträsser, Gotthelf,
49Biographical reports (
tarājim),
126Book of Belief and Unbelief, The (
Kitāb al-īmān wa’
l-kufr) (al-Kulaynī),
157
Book of Divine Unity, The (
Kitāb al-tawḥīd) (al-Kulaynī),
156–57
Book of Dream Interpretation (
Kitāb taʿbīr al-ru’
yā) (al-Kulaynī),
151
Book of Frequenting, The (
Kitāb al-ʿishra) (al-Kulaynī),
158
Book of Knowledge and Ignorance, The (
Kitāb al-ʿaql wa’
l-jahl) (al-Kulaynī),
156
Book of Men (
Kitāb al-Rijāl) (al-Kulaynī),
151
Book of Occultation, The (
Kitāb al-ghayba) (al-Nuʿmānī),
105,
112,
114
Book of Prayer, The (
Kitāb al-duʿā’) (al-Kulaynī),
158
Book of Proof, The (
Kitāb al-ḥujja) (al-Kulaynī),
157
“Book of Qur’anic Commentary Containing the Letter and the Spirit, the Abrogating and the Abrogated, the Clear and the Ambiguous in the Qur’an Along with the Rest of Its Words, Its Virtues and the Recompenses Linked with Them, Reported by Reliable Transmitters from Amongst the Veracious amongst the Descendants of the Messenger of God, The”
68,
167Book of Qur’
anic Recitations, The (
Kitāb al-qirā’
āt) (al-Sayyārī),
10
Book of Revelation and Falsification, The (
Kitāb al-tanzīl wa l-taḥrīf) (al-Sayyārī),
10,
44–45,
166; life and work of al-Sayyārī and,
65–69; remarks on,
70–74; Shi’ites and,
62–65; uncertainties and contradictions in sources and,
53–62; Western studies and,
45–53
Book of Sulaym ibn Qays, The (
Kitāb Sulaym ibn Qays),
9,
13,
78,
93,
164–65,
180n38,
182n60,
211n77; chapter 3 excerpts from,
23–26; chapter 4 excerpts from,
27–30; chapter 10 excerpts from,
31–33; chapter 11 excerpts from,
33–36; hermeneutics and,
86; multiple strata of,
16–20; popularity of,
20–22; table of contents of,
36–42; work and author of,
14–16
Book of the Perceptions of Degrees, The (
Kitāb baṣā’
ir al-darajāt) (al-Ṣaffār),
10,
156,
164; double period of transition and,
97–106; eighth section of,
121; fifth section of,
119; first section of,
116–17; fourth section of,
118–19; Kūčebāghī edition of,
115; ninth section of,
121–22; second section of,
117–18; seventh section of,
120–21; significant anomalies in,
106–15; sixth section of,
119–20; table of contents of,
115–24; tenth section of,
122; third section of,
118
Book of the Progressive Comprehension of Sacred Knowledge,
The 123
Book of the Virtues of Initiatory Knowledge, The (
Kitāb faḍl al-ʿilm) (al-Kulaynī),
156
Book of the Virtues of the Qur’
an, The (
Kitāb faḍl al-qur’
ān) (al-Kulaynī),
158
Bujkum, Abū al-Ḥusayn,
134
Chains of transmitters (
isnād),
108,
126Christian Trinitarian dogma,
60Circumstances of Revelation (
asbāb al-nuzūl),
82,
87Collection of the Qur’
an, The (Burton),
49
Commentary by traditions (
al-tafsīr bi’
l-ma’
thūr),
89Commentary on John (Origen),
170
Al-Dāraquṭnī, ʿAlī b. ʿUmar,
136David (biblical figure),
6,
119Day of Resurrection,
34,
118Dhimmī (protected groups),
60
Dialectical theology,
104Difficult cases (
muʿḍilāt),
119Dīnʿ Alī (religion of ʿAlī),
98
Al-Dīnawarī, al-Ḥasan b. Abī Yaʿqūb,
21Dispersal of information (
tabdīd al-ʿilm),
114Divine changeability (
badā’),
71Diyā’
al-ʿālamīn fī ‘
l-imāma (al-Iṣfahānī),
64
Doctrine of God’s Emanations,
123Dream interpretation,
151Duʿā’ (supererogatory prayers),
110
Dualism: of humanity,
92; of Revelation,
94
Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes,
9Emigrés (
al-muhājirūn),
175n5Eschatological accounts,
111Esotericism,
43,
63; beginnings of,
89–96; spiritual and esoteric hermeneutics,
8,
77,
94Exegesis of the Manifest Verses on the Virtues of the Pure Family (
Ta’
wīl al-āyāt al-ẓāhira fī faḍā’
il al-ʿitra al-ṭāhira) (al-Najafī),
68
Exegesis of What Was Revealed in the Noble Qur’
an Concerning the Prophet and His Family, The (
Ta’
wīl mā nazala min al-Qur’
an al-karīm fī’
l-nabī wa-ālihi) (Ibn al-Juḥām),
67
Exoteric exegesis (
tafsīr),
8,
10,
77Explicit interpretation (
tafṣīl, taʿbīr),
77
Faithful believer (
mu’
min),
116Falsification, see The Book of Revelation and Falsification
Farewell sermon (
khuṭbat al-wadāʿ),
54Fāṭima,
xi,
19,
27,
29–30,
71,
76,
160,
165; miscarriage of,
184n73; violence against,
184n72Fighter for
ta’
wīl (
mujāhid al-ta’
wīl),
78Fihrist (Ibn al-Nadīm),
126
Five of the Cloak,
87,
94Four hundred original writings (
al-uṣūl al-arbaʿu mi’
a),
13–14Four Senses of Scripture,
169
Garden of the Kāfī (
Rawḍa min al-Kāfī) (al-Kulaynī),
154,
156
Garments (
al-washy, al-ḥibar),
80Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (Sezgin),
46,
56
Geschichte des Qorāns (Nöldeke, Pretzl, and Bergsträsser),
49
Al-Ghassānī, Yaḥyā b. Hāshim,
81Ghuluww (heretical extremism),
105–6,
132
Gnosis,
115; ʿAlī and,
99; double period of transition and,
97–106; Shi’ism and,
122–23Guides of truth (
a’
immat al-ḥaqq),
117
Al-Hādī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Naqī,
102,
107Al-Hādī ilā al-Ḥaqq Yaḥyā b. al-Ḥusayn,
137Hadīth qudsī (sacred Hadiths),
54,
175n3
Al-Ḥaḍramī, Muḥammad b. al-Muthannā,
112Al-Ḥallāj, al-Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr,
133Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib,
19Al-Ḥasan,
15,
19,
27,
35,
71,
76; death of,
xi,
33; as Five of the Cloak,
84,
87Al-ḥayra (time of perplexity),
153
Heraclitus of Ephesis,
170Heretical extremism (
ghuluww),
105–6,
132Hermeneutics,
169,
172; esotericism and,
89–96; al-Ḥibarī and,
80–89; personalized commentaries and,
89–96; Shi’ism and,
78; spiritual and esoteric,
8,
77,
94Al-Hidāyat al-Kubrā (al-Khaṣībī),
137
Hidden knowledge (
ʿilm maknūn),
113Al-Ḥillī, al-ʿAllāma,
18,
64Al-Ḥillī, Ḥasan b. Sulaymān,
68Al-Ḥillī, Ibn Dāwūd,
16,
100Al-Ḥimyarī al-Qummī, Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh,
114,
143Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik,
19,
61“The History of the City of Damascus” (Ibn ʿAsākir),
126Holy Spirit (
rūḥ al-quds),
121Humanity, dualistic conception of,
92Al-Ḥusayn,
6,
15,
19,
27,
35,
58,
71,
76; as Five of the Cloak,
84,
87; massacre of,
xi,
3,
33Al-Ḥusaynī, Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar,
141
Ibn al-ʿAbbās, Abū al-Qāsim,
107Ibn al-ʿAbbās, Al-Faḍl,
23,
26Ibn ʿAbbās, ʿAbd Allāh,
82,
86Ibn Abī Dulaf, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz,
131Ibn ʿAyyāsh al-Jawharī,
111,
113Ibn al-Ghaḍā’irī Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Wāsitī,
16–18Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī,
66Ibn Hammām al-Iskāfī,
147Ibn Imrān, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad Mājīlawayh b. Abī al-Qāsim ʿUbayd Allāh Bundār b. Imrān.,
143Ibn Rajā’, Muḥammad b. Ṣubayḥ,
21Ibn Sallām, Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim,
56Ibn Sumāʿa, Al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad,
112Ibn al-Walīd, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan,
101,
106Ibn Zayd, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad,
130ʿIlm mabdhūl (knowledge disclosed),
113
ʿIlm maknūn (hidden knowledge),
113
Infallibility (
ʿiṣma),
71Al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj,
58Al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Ḥasan Sharīf al-ʿĀmilī,
64ʿIṣma (infallibility),
71
Isnād (chains of transmitters),
108,
126
Jabriyya (predestinarians),
132
Al-Jāmiʿ (ʿAbd Allāh b. Wahb),
53
Jāmiʿ al-ruwāt (al-Ardabīlī),
100
Al-Jammāl, Muḥammad b. Jazzak,
109Al-Jawād, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī,
81Jesus (biblical figure),
6,
70,
169Joseph (biblical figure),
57,
62Al-Jubbā’ī, Abū Hāshim,
140Al-Juʿfī, Jābir b. Yazīd,
80Al-Juʿfī, al-Mufaḍḍal,
85
Kamāl al-dīn (Ibn Bābawayh),
105
Al-Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin al-Fayḍ,
64Keeping the secret (
taqiyya),
110–12Al-Khashshāb, Al-Ḥasan b. Mūsā,
109Al-Khaṣībī, al-Ḥusayn b. Ḥamdān,
137Khuṭbat al-wadāʿ (farewell sermon),
54
Al-Kirmānī, Ḥamīd al-Dīn,
79Kitāb al-ʿaql wa’
l-jahl (
The Book of Knowledge and Ignorance) (al-Kulaynī),
156
Kitāb baṣā’ir al-darajāt (al-Ṣaffār), see The Book of the Perceptions of Degrees
Kitāb al-duʿā’ (
The Book of Prayer) (al-Kulaynī),
158
Kitāb faḍā’
il al-Qur’
an (Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim b. Sallām),
53
Kitāb faḍl al-ʿilm (
The Book of the Virtues of Initiatory Knowledge) (al-Kulaynī),
156
Kitāb faḍl al-qur’
ān (
The Book of the Virtues of the Qur’
an) (al-Kulaynī),
158
Kitāb al-ghayba (
The Book of Occultation) (al-Nuʿmānī),
105,
112,
114
Kitāb al-ḥujja (
The Book of Proof) (al-Kulaynī),
157
Kitāb al-īmān wa’
l-kufr (
The Book of Belief and Unbelief) (al-Kulaynī),
157
Kitāb al-ʿishra (
The Book of Frequenting) (al-Kulaynī),
158
Kitāb al-Maṣāḥif (Ibn Abī Dāwūd al-Sijistānī),
56
Kitāb al-qirā’
āt (
The Book of Qur’
anic Recitations) (al-Sayyārī),
10
Kitāb al-Rijāl (
Book of Men) (al-Kulaynī),
151
Kitāb Sulaym ibn Qays, see The Book of Sulaym ibn Qays
Kitāb taʿbīr al-ru’
yā (
Book of Dream Interpretation) (al-Kulaynī),
151
Kitāb al-tanzīl wa l-taḥrīf (al-Sayyārī), see The Book of Revelation and Falsification
Kitāb al-tawḥīd (
The Book of Divine Unity) (al-Kulaynī),
156–57
Knowledge disclosed (
ʿilm mabdhūl),
113Al-Kūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn Aḥmad b. Aḥmad,
144Al-Kūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. Saʿīd,
144Al-Kūfī, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad,
63Al-Kūfī, al-Faḍl b. Dukayn,
81Al-Kūfī, al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-Nuʿmān,
109,
112Al-Kūfī, al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan al-Fazārī,
81Al-Kūfī, Jandal b. Wāliq al-Taghlabī,
81Al-Kūfī, Mukhawwil b. Ibrāhīm al-Nahdī,
81Al-Kulaynī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb,
10,
13,
63,
101,
105,
213n8,
224n227,
226n243; ancestors of,
126; biographical elements and,
138–50; birth date of,
126; death date of,
129; disciples and transmitters of,
143–45; Four Representatives and,
220n165; historical points of reference and,
129–37; lack of information sources on,
125–29; masters of,
141–43; political contexts and,
129–35; rank among Imamis,
149–50; religious contexts and,
129–35; science of Hadith in Iran and Iraq and,
135–37; social role of,
145–48; tomb of,
141; work of,
150–58
Language of the birds (
manṭiq al-ṭayr),
120Laylat al-qadr (night of power),
119
Life of Mahomet (Sprenger),
46
Mā nazala min al-Qur’
ān fī amīr al-mu’
minīn (
What Has Been Revealed in the Qur’
an Concerning the Commander of the Faithful) (al-Ḥibarī),
81
Manṭiq al-ṭayr (language of the birds),
120
Masters of the Arabic language (
aṣḥāb al-ʿarabiyya),
56Mastery,
155; of religious beliefs,
8Al-Minqarī, al-Ḥusayn b. Naṣr b. Muzāḥim,
81Al-Miqdād b. Aswad,
15,
24,
27Mir’
āt al-anwār (al-Iṣfahānī),
64
Moses (biblical figure),
6,
70,
119Muʿḍilāt (difficult cases),
119
Mughīra b. Shuʿba,
25,
30Al-muhājirūn (Emigrés),
175n5
Muḥammad (prophet),
75,
122,
165–66; death of,
x,
3,
176n8,
180n43; falsification and,
45; glorification of,
60; illiteracy of,
46,
211n79; Shi’ites and,
5; violence and,
4Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan,
104Mujāhid al-ta’
wīl (fighter for
ta’
wīl),
78
Mukhtaṣar baṣā’
ir al-darajāt (al-Ḥillī, H. b. S.),
68
Mu’
min (faithful believer),
116
Al-Murādī, Muḥammad b. Manṣūr,
137Al-Muṣannaf (al-Ṣanʿānī),
47
Al-Muṣannaf fī’
l-aḥādīth wa’
l-āthār (Ibn Abī Shayba),
47
Musnad (al-Ṭayālisī),
53,
136
Al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, Muḥammad,
19–20Al-Nahāwandī, Ibrāhīm b. Isḥāq al-Aḥmarī,
109,
114Nahj al-balāgha (Ibn Abî al-Ḥadīd),
16,
182n57
Al-Najafī, Sharaf al-Dīn ʿAlī al-Ḥusaynī al-Astarābādī,
68–69Al-Nakhaʿī, Ayyūb b. Nūḥ,
109Al-Nāṣir al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-Uṭrūsh al-Kabīr,
130,
137Nāṣir al-Dawla, al-Ḥasan b. ʿAbd Allāh,
134Al-nawādir (rare traditions),
154
Al-Nawbakhtī, Abū Sahl,
147Al-Nawbakhtī, al-Ḥusayn b. Rawḥ,
147Al-Naynawā’ī, Abū al-Qāsim Ḥumayd b. Ziyād al-Kūfī,
142Night of power (
laylat al-qadr),
119Al-Nīsābūrī, Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl,
143Al-Nīsābūrī, al-Faḍl b. Shādhān,
63Noah (biblical figure),
6Nubuwwa (status of prophethood),
94
Occultation,
101,
110–15,
128,
132–33,
137,
145,
205n19; Ibn Hammām al-Iskāfî and,
147; of Ibn al-Ḥasan,
104; time of perplexity and,
153The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence (Schacht),
51
Orthodoxy,
45,
116,
162–63,
166,
168,
183n71,
204n8; of Shi’ism,
193n109; Sunni,
7,
43,
63,
106
Penetrating glance (
al-baṣar),
121Persian letters, transcription system of,
xPillar of Light (
ʿamūd min nūr),
121Predestinarians (
jabriyya),
132Pro-Muʿtazilite rationalists,
139Prosopographical works (
rijāl),
67,
207n39
Qāri’, pl.
qurrā (reciters of the Qur’an),
55–56
Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyā’ (“Tales of the Prophets”),
6
Al-Qummī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar al-Ḥimyarī Abū al-ʿAbbās,
108Al-Qummī, Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad b. Idrīs al-Ashʿarī,
142Al-Qummī, Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad b. Aḥmad Ibn Dāwūd,
144Al-Qummī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā al-ʿAṭṭār al-Ashʿarī,
207n40Al-Qummī, Aḥmad b. Isḥāq,
114Al-Qummī, ʿAlī b. Bābawayh,
146–47Al-Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm,
63,
90,
97Al-Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm Ibn Hāshim,
143Al-Qummī, Al-Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ashʿarī,
109Qur’
an Commentary of al-Ḥibarī, The (
Tafsīr al-Ḥibarī) (al-Ḥibarī),
81–85,
91
Quranic Studies (Wansbrough),
48–49
Al-Radd ʿalā ‘
l-qarāmiṭa (
Refutation of the Carmathians) (al-Kulaynī),
150–51
Rajʿa (return of the dead to life before the Resurrection),
71
Rare traditions (
al-nawādir),
154Rasā’
il al-a’
imma (al-Kulaynī),
151
Rasūlavī Multānī, M. M. S.,
20Rawḍa min al-Kāfī (
Garden of the Kāfī) (al-Kulaynī),
156
Al-Rāzī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Ibn Abī Ḥātim,
131,
139Al-Rāzī, Abū Ḥātim Aḥmad b. Ḥamdān,
139,
151Al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. Zakariyyā,
139Al-Rāzī, Sahl b. Ziyād al-Ādamī,
109Reciters of the Qur’an (
qāri’, pl.
qurrā’),
55–56Rectification of Belief, The (al-Mufīd),
17
Refutation of the Carmathians (
al-Radd ʿalā ‘
l-qarāmiṭa) (al-Kulaynī),
150–51
Religion of ʿAlī (
dīnʿ Alī),
98Return of the dead to life before the Resurrection (
rajʿa),
71Revelation of the Verses Concerning the Virtues of the Members of the Prophet’
s Family, The (
Tanzīl al-āyāt al-munzala fī manāqib ahl al-bayt) (al-Ḥibarī),
81
Ridda (Wars of Apostasy),
3,
184n74
Al-Ridda wa’
l-futūḥ (Sayf b. ʿUmar),
47,
53
Rijāl (prosopographical works),
67,
207n39
Rūḥ al-quds (Holy Spirit),
121
Al-Rummānī, Abū Muḥammad,
21
Sacred Hadiths (
hadīth qudsī),
54,
175n3Al-Saʿdābādī al-Qummī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn,
143Saʿd b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Khalaf al-Ashʿarī,
63,
142Al-Ṣanʿānī, ʿAbd al-Razzāq b. Hammām,
20–21,
47Al-Ṣanʿānī, Hammām b. Nāfiʿ,
20Al-Ṣaymarī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm b. Abī Rāfiʿ,
143–44School of Yūnus b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān,
136The Sectarian Milieu (Wansbrough),
48
Al-Shalmaghānī Ibn Abī al-ʿAzāqir,
133,
146Al-Shaʿrānī, Abū al-Ḥasan,
17Shi’ism,
5,
9,
96–99,
131,
135,
160–61,
183n71; Abbasids and,
43; archives of the opposition and,
7; extremism and,
137; falsification of Qur’an and,
62–65; gnosis and,
122–23; Ḥanbalites and,
134; Hāshimite,
19–20; heresy of,
193n109; hermeneutics and,
78; of al-Ḥibarī,
199n27; moderate,
110; Nuṣayrī,
122; orthodoxy of,
193n109; personalized commentaries and,
87; proto-Shi’ites,
5,
19,
76,
98,
124; religious doctrines of,
10; sectarianism,
85; Umayyads and,
43;
see also Alids;
The Book of Sulaym ibn Qays;
Twelver Shi’ismAl-Sikkīt, Yaʿqūb b. Isḥāq Abū Yūsuf,
109Al-Simmarī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad,
141Al-Ṣīnī, Ibrāhīm b. Isḥāq al-Kūfī,
81Solomon (biblical figure),
6Spiritual and esoteric hermeneutics (
ta’
wīl),
8,
77,
94Status of prophethood (
nubuwwa),
94Studies in Arabic Literary Papyri (Abbott),
46
Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilālī,
14–16Sums of Accepted Traditions,
2Sunnism,
4,
43,
96,
99,
104,
135,
162,
193n109; Abū Bakr and,
5; historical authenticity and,
11; orthodoxy,
7,
43,
63,
106; religious science of,
115; scriptural sources and,
1Supererogatory prayers (
duʿā’),
110Suppression, of passages,
167Syngrammata-hypomnema,
47
Systematic writing,
46–48
Al-Ṭabarsī/al-Ṭabrisī, Mirzā al-Ḥusayn al-Nūrī,
65,
69,
193n109Tabdīd al-ʿilm (dispersal of information),
114
Taʿbīr (explicit interpretation),
77
Al-Ṭabrisī, al-Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan,
64,
150Tactical dissimulation (
taqiyya),
110–12Tafṣīl (explicit interpretation),
77
Tafsīr (exoteric exegesis),
8,
10,
77
Tafsīr al-Ḥibarī (
The Qur’
an Commentary of al-Ḥibarī) (al-Ḥibarī),
81–85,
91
Al-tafsīr bi’
l-ma’
thūr (commentary by traditions),
89
Ṭahmāsb Safavid Shah,
149“Tales of the Prophets” (
qiṣaṣ al-anbiyā’),
6Al-Tallaʿukbarī, Abū Muḥammad Hārūn b. Mūsā b. Aḥmad al-Shaybānī,
145,
217n109Tanzīl al-āyāt al-munzala fī manāqib ahl al-bayt (
The Revelation of the Verses Concerning the Virtues of the Members of the Prophet’
s Family) (al-Ḥibarī),
81
Taqiyya (keeping the secret, tactical dissimulation),
110–12
Tarājim (biographical reports),
126
Ta’
rīkh Baghdād (al-Baghdādī),
126
Ta’
rīkh Dimashq (Ibn ʿAsākir),
128
Ta’
rīkh al-Madīna (Ibn Shabba),
47
Ta’
wīl (spiritual and esoteric hermeneutics),
8,
77,
94
Ta’
wīl al-āyāt al-ẓāhira fī faḍā’
il al-ʿitratal-ṭāhira (
Exegesis of the Manifest Verses on the Virtues of the Pure Family) (al-Najafī),
68
Ta’
wīl mā nazala min al-Qur’
an al-karīm fī’
l-nabī wa-ālihi (
The Exegesis of What Was Revealed in the Noble Qur’
an Concerning the Prophet and His Family) (Ibn al-Juḥām),
67
Tawthīq (trustworthiness),
100
Al-Thaqafī, Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad,
88Al-thaqalayn (Two Precious Objects),
75–76
Al-Thumālī, Abū Ḥamza,
80Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qur’
an (al-Ṭūsī),
90
Al-Ṭihrānī, Āghā Bozorg,
18,
20,
66Time of perplexity (
al-ḥayra),
153Transcription system, of Arabic and Person letters,
xTransition, double period of,
97–106Trustworthiness (
tawthīq),
100Al-Tustarī, Muḥammad Taqī,
66Two Precious Objects (
al-thaqalayn),
75–76
ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb,
1,
3,
4,
14,
28,
30,
75,
93,
165,
182n57,
185n83; Abū Bakr and,
8; assassination of,
xiUmayyad Dynasty,
2,
19,
43,
58,
71,
132,
163; Abbasids and,
3; Alids and,
3,
15,
98; Ashʿarites and,
132; numismatic discoveries and,
52; Shi’ites and,
43;
see also Banū Umayyaal-ʿUṣfurī, ʿAbbād b. Yaʿqūb,
112Al-uṣūl al-arbaʿu mi’
a (four hundred original writings),
13–14
ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān,
xi,
2,
3,
34,
57; assassination of,
163; Codex of,
48; vulgate of,
1,
46,
54,
56,
62–65,
166
Violence,
96,
162; endemic,
3; against Fāṭima,
184n72; Muḥammad and,
4
Wansbrough, John,
9,
48,
52Wars of Apostasy (
ridda),
3,
184n74What Has Been Revealed in the Qur’
an Concerning the Commander of the Faithful (
Mā nazala min al-Qur’
ān fī amīr al-mu’
minīn) (al-Ḥibarī),
81
Writing, systematic,
46–48
Al-Yamānī, Ibrāhīm b. ʿUmar,
20,
21Yazīd b. Hurmuz al-Fārisī,
58
Al-Zāhirī, Abū ʿĪsā Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Sinān,
144Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn,
15Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī,
54,
149Al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām,
24