2. DEADLY PERCEPTIONS
1. Henry Kissinger, World Order (New York: Penguin, 2014), p. 234.
2. “Ivan Krastev: Russia Is ‘Reverse Engineering’ Western Foreign Policy,” Graduate Institute, Geneva, November 18, 2015, http://
3. Fyodor Lukyanov, “What Russia Learned from the Iraq War,” Russia in Global Affairs, March 19, 2013, http://
4. Robert Legvold, Return to Cold War (Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2016), p. 32.
5. Pavel Yevdokimov, “Russkaya Pravda Generala Leonova,” Spetsnaz Rossii, May 2001.
6. See for example, Russia Engages the World, 1453–1825, Cynthia Hyla Whitaker, ed., (Harvard University Press, 2003).
7. Edward Keenan, “Muscovite Political Folkways,” Russian Review, Vol. 45, number 2 (April 1986): pp. 115–181.
8. Douglas Schoen and Evan Ross Smith, Putin’s Master Plan (New York: Encounter Books, 2016), p. vi.
9. “Statement by the Press Secretary on the United Kingdom’s Decision to Expel Russian Diplomats,” White House press release, March 14, 2018, https://
10. Laurie Kellman, “McCain Sees Russia Hacking as Threat to ‘Destroy Democracy,’” Star, December 19, 2016, https://
11. George Will, “Vladimir Putin Is Bringing Back the 1930s,” National Review, October 9, 2016, https://
12. Paul Waldman, “The Russians Are Coming,” Week, February 14, 2018, http://
13. Tim Hains, “Sen. Ben Cardin: Russia Is Trying to ‘Bring Down Our Way of Government … They Want Corruption to Reign,’” RealClearPolitics, January 11, 2018, https://
14. Timothy Snyder, The Road to Unfreedom (New York: Penguin Random House, 2018), p. 225.
15. Dina Smeltz, Lily Wojtowicz, and Stepan Goncharov, “Despite Last Year’s Expectations, Publics Sense Strains in US-Russia Relations,” Chicago Council on Global Affairs, February 7, 2018, https://
16. American Public Opinion and US Foreign Policy (Chicago: Chicago Council on Global Affairs, 1995).
17. Zbigniew Brzezinski, “The Premature Partnership,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 1994, https://
18. Strobe Talbott, “The End of the Beginning: The Emergence of a New Russia,” US Department of State, https://
19. James M. Goldgeier and Michael McFaul, Power and Purpose: US Policy Toward Russia After the Cold War (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2003), p. 247.
20. Goldgeier and McFaul, p. 254.
21. Goldgeier and McFaul, p. 265.
22. Strobe Talbott, “The Crooked Timber: A Carpenter’s Perspective,” US Department of State, https://
23. “Strobe Talbott: Deputy Secretary of State, 1994–2001,” PBS, https://
24. Angela Stent, The Limits of Partnership (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014), p. 64.
25. Putin, Russia, and the West, Part 1, BBC documentary television series, 2012.
26. Peter Baker and Susan Glasser, Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin’s Russia and the End of Revolution (Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2007) p. 138.
27. Goldgeier and McFaul, Power and Purpose, p. 89.
28. Thomas E. Graham Jr., Russia’s Decline and Uncertain Recovery (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2002), p. 83.
29. “Daniel Fried: National Security Council, 2001–05,” PBS, https://
30. “Steven Pifer: US Ambassador to Ukraine, 1998–2000,” PBS, https://
31. “Daniel Fried,” PBS.
32. “Thomas Graham: National Security Council, 2002–07,” PBS, https://
33. George W. Bush press conference, White House, Washington, D.C., October 17, 2007.
34. “Victoria Nuland: US Ambassador to NATO, 2005–08,” PBS, https://
35. “Georgia ‘Started Unjustified War,’” BBC, September 30, 2009, http://
36. Ronald Asmus, A Little War That Shook the World (New York: Macmillan, 2010), p. 30.
37. “John Beyrle: US Ambassador to Russia, 2008–12,” PBS, https://
38. Michael McFaul, From Cold War to Hot Peace: An American Ambassador in Putin’s Russia (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2018), p. 240.
39. “Susan Glasser: Co-author, ‘Kremlin Rising,’” PBS, https://
40. “Evelyn Farkas: Defense Department, 2009–15,” PBS, https://
41. Anne Gearan and Phillip Rucker, “Obama Cancels Summit Meeting with Putin,” Washington Post, August 8, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/obama-cancels-upcoming-meeting-with-putin/2013/08/07/0e04f686-ff64-11e2-9711-3708310f6f4d_story.html?utm_term=.a8774c375223.
42. “William Burns: US Ambassador to Russia, 2005–08,” PBS, https://
43. “Daniel Fried,” PBS.
44. “John Beyrle,” PBS.
45. Scott Wilson, “Obama Dismisses Russia as ‘Regional Power’ Acting Out of Weakness,” Washington Post, March 25, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-dismisses-russia-as-regional-power-acting-out-of-weakness/2014/03/25/1e5a678e-b439-11e3-b899-20667de76985_story.html?utm_term=.82bec4af0f7e.
46. “Michael McFaul: US Ambassador to Russia, 2012–14,” PBS, https://
47. Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections (Washington, D.C.: Office of the Director of National Intelligence, 2017), https://
48. Wanda Carruthers, “Hayden: Russia Meddling ‘Most Successful Covert Operation in History,’” Newsmax, July 21, 2017, https://
49. “Daniel Fried,” PBS.
50. “James Clapper: Director of National Intelligence, 2010–17,” PBS, https://
51. “Antony Blinken: Obama Adviser, 2009–15,” PBS, https://
52. McFaul’s thesis in From Cold War to Hot Peace is a typical example of this belief.
53. “Text: Bush and Putin’s Joint Declaration,” Guardian, May 24, 2002, https://
54. Leonid Bershidsky, “What Scares Russians the Most? Russians,” Bloomberg Opinion, March 4, 2019, https://
55. Paul Sonne, “US Is Trying to Dismember Russia, Says Putin Adviser,” Wall Street Journal, February 11, 2015, https://
56. Remarks by Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov at the XXII Assembly of the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy, Moscow, November 22, 2014.
57. Sergei Glazyev, Genocide: Russia and the New World Order (Leesburg, VA: Executive Intelligence Review, 1999).
58. “West Is Waging ‘Economic War’ on Russia to Topple Kremlin—Bank CEO,” Moscow Times, January 24, 2018, https://
59. “Vyacheslav Nikonov: Russia and America Are Very Close to Nuclear War,” Russkiy Mir, February 5, 2015, https://
60. William Taubman, “Why Gorbachev Likes Putin More Than You Might Expect,” Washington Post, September 12, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2017/09/12/why-gorbachev-likes-putin-more-than-you-might-expect/?utm_term=.49033f9232a3.
61. “Irina Borogan: Co-author, ‘The Red Web,’” PBS, https://
62. Goldgeier and McFaul, Power and Purpose, p. 184.
63. Norman Kempster and Dean E. Murphy, “Broader NATO May Bring ‘Cold Peace,’ Yeltsin Warns: Europe: Russian President Accuses US of Being Power Hungry. Speech Comes as Nations Finalize Nuclear Treaty,” Los Angeles Times, September 6, 1994, http://
64. Goldgeier and McFaul, Power and Purpose, p. 247.
65. Foundation for Public Opinion, April 3–4, 1999, http://
66. Fiona Hill and Clifford G. Gaddy, Mr. Putin: Operative in the Kremlin (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2013) pp. 298–299.
67. “Vice-Speaker of the State Duma Apologized for the Fact That the Russian Federation Could Not Help Serbia,” Regnum, March 24, 2017, https://
68. Madeleine Albright, “Clear on Chechnya,” Washington Post, March 8, 2000.
69. Nikolai Paklin, “Chechnya ne Kosovo, NATO ne Pomozhet,” Rossiskaya Gazeta, October 13, 1999.
70. Stent, The Limits of Partnership, p. 46.
71. Vladimir Putin, “Why We Must Act,” New York Times, November 14, 1999, https://
72. Dmitry Suslov, “The Russian Perception of the Post–Cold War Era and Relations with the West,” talk given at the Harriman Institute, Columbia University, November 9, 2016.
73. Suslov, “The Russian Perception of the Post–Cold War Era.”
74. Stent, The Limits of Partnership, p. 65.
75. “Mikhail Zygar: Author, ‘All the Kremlin’s Men,’” PBS, https://
76. For example, a group of retired Russian generals and admirals published an open letter to Putin rejecting his support for America, objecting to the closure of bases in Cuba and Vietnam, and warning about the arrival of American troops in Central Asia. “Sluzhit Rodinye,” Sovietskaya Rossiya, November 10, 2001.
77. Stent, The Limits of Partnership, p. 69.
78. Pavel Felgenhauer, “Washington Is Putting Russia in Its Place,” Moscow News, December 18, 2001.
79. Bilyana Lilly, Russian Foreign Policy Toward Missile Defense (London: Lexington Books, 2014).
80. Aleksey Pushkov, “Rossiya I SShA: Predely Sblizhenia,” Nezavisimaya Gazeta, December 27, 2001.
81. Igor S. Ivanov, “Organizing the World to Fight Terror,” New York Times, January 27, 2002, https://
82. “John Beyrle,” PBS.
83. “Assistant Secretary for European and Eurasian Affairs Beth Jones on US Relations with Central Asia; February 11, 2002,” Yale Law School, http://
84. Sergei Ptichkin and Aleksei Chichkin, “Otkuda Rossiya Vidna Kak Na Ladoni,” Rossiskaya Gazeta, January 22, 2002.
85. Suslov, “The Russian Perception of the Post–Cold War Era.”
86. Hill and Gaddy, Mr. Putin, p. 304.
87. “President Bush’s Second Inaugural Address,” NPR, January 20, 2005, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4460172.
88. The CSCE became the OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe) in 1995.
89. Eugen Tomiuc, “Moldova: Caught Between a Hammer and a Sickle as Anti-Communist Protests Continue,” Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, November 28, 2003, https://
90. Aleksey K. Pushkov, “Russia’s Foreign Policy and Its National Interests,” in Enduring Rivalry: American and Russian Perspectives on the Post-Soviet Space, ed. Paul Saunders (Washington, D.C.: Center for the National Interest, 2011).
91. “Putin Tells the Russians: ‘We Shall Be Stronger,’” New York Times, September 5, 2004, https://
92. “Thomas Graham,” PBS.
93. “Gleb Pavlovsky: Former Adviser to Vladimir Putin,” PBS, https://
94. William Schneider, “Ukraine’s ‘Orange Revolution,’” Atlantic, December 2004, https://
95. Stent, The Limits of Partnership, p. 111.
96. Vladimir Frolov, “Democracy by Remote Control,” Russian in Global Affairs, November 21, 2005, http://
97. “Andrei Soldatov,” PBS, https://
98. Vladimir Putin, “Speech and the Following Discussion at the Munich Conference on Security Policy,” February 10, 2007, http://
99. Stephen F. Cohen, Vladimir Pozner, Anne Applebaum, and Garry Kasparov, Should the West Engage Putin’s Russia?: The Munk Debates (Toronto, ON: House of Anansi Press, 2015).
100. James Kirchick, “The Roots of Russian Aggression,” National Review, May 24, 2018, https://
101. Michael Morell, The Great War of Our Time (New York: Twelve, 2015), p. 324.
102. “Steven Pifer,” PBS.
103. “Daniel Fried,” PBS.
104. “Michael McFaul,” PBS.
105. McFaul, From Cold War to Hot Peace, p. 421.
106. Paul Pillar, Why America Misunderstands the World: National Experience and Roots of Misperception (New York: Columbia University Press, 2016), p. 29.
107. “Lavrov Says Western ‘Russophobia’ Worse Than During Cold War,” Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, January 22, 2018, https://
108. Oleg Kashin, “Independent Journalists in Russia Will Have to Live Without Their Western Role Models (Op-ed),” Moscow Times, November 15, 2017, https://
109. Maxim Trudolyubov, “Russian Meddling Is a Meme,” Russia File, January 24, 2018, http://
110. Andranik Migranyan, “The US in a Time of Change: Internal Transformations and Relations with Russia,” Russia in Global Affairs, April 15, 2013, http://
111. Dmitry Suslov, interview with the author, June 2018.
112. Dmitri Trenin, Should We Fear Russia? (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2017), p. 38.
113. Suslov interview.
114. Vladimir Frolov, “One Hack Too Far,” Moscow Times, October 13, 2016, p. 5.
115. Sergey Lavrov, “Sergey Lavrov: The Interview,” National Interest, March 29, 2017, http://
116. Susan B. Glasser, “‘The Russians Have Succeeded Beyond Their Wildest Expectations,’” Politico, October 30, 2017, https://
117. Vladimir Frolov, “The ‘Russian Trail’ Saga,” Republic.ru, October 29, 2017.
118. Vladimir Frolov, “Worse Than Under Obama,” Republic.ru, July 28, 2017.
119. Suslov interview.
120. Kirill Martynov, “Four Years for White Men,” Novaya Gazeta, November 11, 2016, p. 5.
121. “Armenia: Why Has Vladimir Putin Not Intervened So Far and Will He?,” Russia Matters, https://
122. Samuel Charap, Jeremy Shapiro, and Alyssa Demus, Rethinking the Regional Order for Post-Soviet Europe and Eurasia (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2018), p. 15