CHAPTER 5

1.WHP, GW/MH, 30 Aug. [1934], Dar es Salaam. For Godfrey’s itinerary see WP, A1.5, GW Diary 1934–1935; WHP, GW/MH, 7 Sept. [1934], Tukuyu.

2.WHP, GW/MH, 8 Nov. 1934, Mwaya. Godfrey urged Monica to gain a thorough understanding of ‘pagan ritual and theology’: WP, B2, GW/MW, 20–21 Feb. 1937; GW/MH, 17 Dec. [1934], Tukuyu; MH/GW, 18 Dec. [1934], Hogsback, encl. MH/Joseph Oldham, 17 Dec. 1934, Lovedale, and ‘Scheme for Study of the Effect of Christian Mission upon the Konde Community’ [Dec. 1934]; D11, Joseph Oldham/MW, 1 March 1935, IIALC, London.

3.WHP, GW/MH, [5 Oct. 1934], Musehela, Tukuyu.

4.WHP, GW/MH, 17 Sept. 1934, Tukuyu; GW/MH, 24 Sept. 1934, Tukuyu; WP, A1.5, GW Diary 1934–1935. Staff details: WHP, MW/JH, 9 March [1935], Isumba; MW/JH, 26 April 1935, Isumba; WP, D5.2, ‘Sleeping arrangements, Sexual customs and Sanitation’, 29 March 1935. See also GW notebooks, D1.1, notebook 34, Oct. 1935, and others; D1.3, Leonard Mwaisumo notebooks, L1–L7. I am grateful to Timothy Mwakasikele for translations of these notebooks, which Andrew Bank helped me to access; D3.16, Ifibanga and chiefdoms, Lazarus Johnston Mwambulwa/GW, [Sept. 1934], n.p., and other documents; D3.7, Genealogies and graves, Oct. 1934; WHP, GW/MH, 24 Sept. 1934, Tukuyu. For a reading of the Wilsons’ research methods and their findings in buNyakyusa, see Rebecca Marsland, ‘Pondo Pins and Nyakyusa Hammers: Monica and Godfrey in Bunyakyusa’, and for a study of the Wilsons and Leonard Mwaisumo, see Sekibakiba Peter Lekgoathi, Timothy Mwakasekele and Andrew Bank, ‘Working with the Wilsons: The Brief Career of a “Nyakyusa Clerk” (1910–1938)’, both in Bank and Bank, eds, Inside African Anthropology, pp. 129–161, 162–189.

5.WHP, GW/MH, 24 Sept. 1934, Tukuyu; GW/MH, [5 Oct. 1934], Musehela, Tukuyu; WP, B.1, MH/GW, 2 Nov. [1934], Lovedale; WPU, Nyakyusa research, file on Economics: First Impressions, Oct. 1934.

6.WHP, GW/MH, [5 Oct. 1934], Musehela, Tukuyu; MW/JH, 23 Oct. 1936, near Rungwe. See Fred Moir, After Livingstone (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1923); WP, B1, MH/GW, 19 Oct. 1934, Lovedale.

7.WHP, GW/MH, 27 Dec. 1934, Tukuyu.

8.WHP, GW/MH, 12 Oct. 1934, at Mwakisisile’s, Mwaya; GW/MH, [25 Oct. 1934], Mwaya. It is unclear who the original Mwaipaja was. GW/MH, [8 Nov. 1934], Mwaya.

9.WHP, GW/MH, 17 Sept. 1934, Tukuyu; WP, B1, MH/GW, 5 Oct. 1934, Lovedale; WHP, GW/MH, 23 Oct. 1934, Mwaya; WP, B1, MH/GW, 11 Dec. 1934, Hogsback; WHP, GW/MH, 11 Jan. 1935, Tukuyu.

10.WHP, GW/MH, 24 Sept. 1934, Tukuyu; GW/MH, 29 Sept. 1934, Tukuyu; GW/MH, 10 Dec. 1934, Mwaya.

11.WHP, GW/MH, 21 Nov. 1934, Mwaya; GW/MH, 30 Nov. 1934, Tukuyu.

12.LSE, Malinowski/9/15, African Institute 1934–1938, Malinowski/Oldham, 21 Oct. 1934, [London]; WP, B4.4, Malinowski/GW, 22 Nov. 1934, [London]; for same letter before excision see LSE, Malinowski/7/19, Africa Fellows 3, Malinowski/GW, 22 Nov. 1934, [London]; WHP, GW/MH, 10 Dec. 1934, Mwaya. Godfrey’s request for a full salary for Monica: GW/Malinowski, 17 Sept. 1934, Tukuyu.

13.WP, B4.4, Malinowski/GW, 20 Jan. 1935, London.

14.WP, B4.10, Isaac Schapera/GW, 9 Nov. 1936, Cape Town; LSE, Malinowski/7/19, GW/Malinowski, 15 Nov. 1936, Tukuyu; Malinowski/GW, 1 Dec. 1936, n.p.; WP, B2, GW/MW, 14 March 1937, Isumba.

15.WP, B4.4, Malinowski/GW, 26 Feb. 1935, [London], encl. copy Malinowski/N.H. Hall, 20 Feb. 1935, [London]; WHP, MW/JH, 24 March 1935, Isumba; LSE Malinowski/8/7, N.F. Hall (Fellowship Advisory Committee, Rockefeller Foundation)/Malinowski, 25 March 1935, University College, London.

16.WP, B4.5, GW/Malinowski, 23 March 1935, Tukuyu. See also, e.g., WP, B4.4, GW, Malinowski, 31 May 1935, Tukuyu; thirty-page handwritten letter: GW/Malinowski, [28 June 1935].

17.WP, B4.4, Malinowski/GW, 2 July 1935, [London?] - summer address, Natters, Innsbruck; Malinowski/GW, 15 Aug. 1935, Natters, encl. extract Malinowski/Miss Brackett, n.p., n.d.; LSE, Malinowski/9/15, [Oldham] ‘Memorandum on Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, 12th September, 1935’; D.G. Brackett/Malinowski, 14 Oct. 1935, IIALC, London; WP, B4.4, GW/Malinowski, 20 Sept. 1935, Tukuyu.

18.WP, B4.10, GW/N.R. Murphy, 27 Aug. 1935, Tukuyu [draft]; B2, GW/MW, 1 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu; LSE, Firth/8/2/3, GW/Raymond Firth, 27 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu. See Raymond Firth, We the Tikopia: A Sociological Study of Kinship in Primitive Polynesia (London: Allen and Unwin, 1936); WPU, MW/Carmel White (Schrire), 29 Sept. 1965.

19.WP, A2.10, wedding invitation, 5 Feb. 1935; AA1.1, DH Pocket Diary, 21 Jan. 1935; newspaper cutting on wedding, 5 Feb. 1935; WHP, GW/MH, 3 Jan. 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 7 Feb. [1935], Ladysmith; MW/JH, 15 Feb. 1935, National Park Hostel; MW/JH, 23 Feb. [1935], National Park Hostel; MW/JH, 3 March 1935, in flight. Young had in fact carried out an emergency landing in a remote area in Southern Rhodesia. See http://rhodesianheritage.blogspot.com/2012/07/lady-young-and-her-gypsy-moth.html, accessed 30 March 2013.

20.Int. FW & LW/MW (iii). Kagile was the name of Mwaipopo’s paternal aunt.

21.WHP, MW/JH, 14 April [1935], Isumba; MW/JH, 7 Aug. 1935, Isumba.

22.WHP, MW/JH, 27 Aug. 1935, Isumba. Godfrey did not get the Oxford job: MW/JH, 12 Jan. 1936, Purley; MW/JH, 20 Sept. [1935], Rungwe; MW/JH, 27 Sept. [1935], Rungwe; MW/JH, 27 Aug. 1935, Isumba; WP, B4.10, GW/[Charles] Cruttwell, Principal Hertford College, 27 Aug. 1935, Tukuyu [draft]; Cruttwell/GW, 17 Sept. 1935, Hertford College, Oxford.

23.WHP, MW/JH, 11 and 12 Oct. [1935], Tukuyu.

24.WP, D8.5, GW, GW’s unpublished MS on Nyakyusa Society.

25.WHP, MW/JH, 9 March 1935, Isumba; WP, D11, [MW]/A.W. Hoernlé, 9 May 1935, Isumba; LSE, Malinowski/9/15, M Hunter-Wilson, ‘Quarterly Report on Field Work, March–June 1935’; WP, D3.5, TS by MW of GW Notebook 52, n.d.; WHP, GW/JH, 17 Feb. 1937, Tukuyu; int. FW & LW/MW (iii); LSE, Malinowski/9/15, M Hunter-Wilson, ‘Quarterly Report on Field Work, March–June 1935’.

26.WHP, MW/JH, 2 May [1935], Isumba; WP, D1.1, GW’s notebooks, number 42, Oct. 1936; WHP, MW/JH, 17 May 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 30 May 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 27 June 1935, Isumba.

27.WHP, MW/JH, 31 March [1935], Isumba; MW/JH, 19 Aug. 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 15 March [1935], Isumba; MW/JH, 4 Oct. 1935, Rungwe; MW/JH, 2 May [1935], Isumba; MW/JH, 5 April [1935], Isumba; MW/JH, 12 April 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 31 March [1935], Isumba.

28.WHP, MW/JH, 27 June 1935, Isumba.

29.WHP, MW/JH, 24 March 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 31 March [1935], Isumba; WP, D1.1, GW’s notebooks, notebook 11, Isumba, Dec. 1934–Jan. 1935; WHP, MW/JH, 19 May 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 24 March 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 1 Aug. [1935], Isumba.

30.WP, B1, MW/GW, 20 April [1937], Lovedale; MW/GW, 23 April 1937, Lovedale; MW/GW, 7 May 1937, Lovedale; WHP, MW/JH, 5 Oct. 1937, Ilolo; WP, B2, GW/MW, 27 April 1937, Isumba; GW/MW, 30 April–2 May 1937, Isumba; GW/MW, 11–14 May 1937, Tukuyu.

31.WHP, MW/JH, 10 May 1935, Isumba; WP, B2, GW/MW, 11–14 May 1937, Tukuyu; WHP, MW/JH, [11 Sept. 1936], Tukuyu. Bill Eustace died of blackwater fever in 1940: MW/JH, [22 Oct. 1940], [Livingstone].

32.WHP, MW/JH, 2 June [1935], Isumba; MW/JH, 13 June [1935], Isumba; MW/JH, 20 June [1935], Isumba; MW/JH, 26 July 1935, Isumba; WPU, MW, notes for ‘Reflections on fieldwork’; WHP, MW/JH, 12 Sept. 1935, Rungwe; WP, B2, GW/MW, Fri.–Sun. [April 1937], Isumba.

33.WHP, MW/JH, 27 Sept. 1935, Rungwe; MW/JH, 20 Sept. 1935, Rungwe; MW/JH, 31 March [1935], Isumba.

34.WHP, MW/JH, 12 Sept. 1935, Rungwe; MW/JH, 18 July [1935], Isumba; MW/JH, 11 Oct. [1935], Tukuyu; MW/JH, 1 Nov. [1935], Rungwe; MW/JH, 26 July 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 8 Nov. 1935, Rungwe; MW/JH, 15 Nov. [1935], Rungwe. See R.A. Mackay, ‘Outline on recent developments on Lupa goldfields, Tanganyika Territory’, Journal of the Chemical, Metallurgical and Mining Society of South Africa, 37 (1936): 98–108.

35.See WP, B4.10, [Oskar] Gemuseus/GW, 2 April 1937, Utengule; GW/Gemuseus, n.p., n.d.; B5.1, MW/DH, 19 Nov. 1937, Rungwe. See also Rungwe Mission Archives, Tagebuch der Station Rungwe 1931–April 1938, 18 Sept. 1937, re information provided to MW, and, same archives, TZ-SP-FMI-3/62/6, Corr., Repts., 1937–1939, Report to first meeting of the KAM [Conference of Foreign Missionaries] 4 September 1937, where Gemuseus lauds the intervention of the Wilsons in re-establishing post-WWI Nyakyusa research. Thanks to Yves Häberli for translation from German; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 13 Nov. 1936, Tukuyu; WHP, MW/JH, 19 Oct. 1937, Tukuyu; MW/JH, 5 Oct. 1937, Ilolo; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 18 Oct. 1937, Tukuyu.

36.WHP, MW/JH, 26 April 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 12 April 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 15 March [1935], Isumba; WHP, MW/JH, 4 Oct. 1935, Rungwe; MW/JH, 2 June 1935, Isumba.

37.WHP, MW/JH, 4 Oct. 1935, Rungwe; MW/JH, 31 March [1935], Isumba; MW/JH, 4 Oct. 1935, Rungwe; WP, B2, GW/MW, 6 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu; WHP, MW/JH, 11 Oct. [1935], Tukuyu; MW/JH, 13 June [1935], Isumba; WPU, Nyakyusa Research, GW/[James] Dougall, 6 June 1935, Tukuyu; [draft] GW/[James] Dougall, 7 Sept. 1935, Tukuyu; MW/[James] Dougall, 10 Nov. 1935, Tukuyu.

38.WHP, MW/JH, 12 July 1935, Isumba. Towards the end of their research, a ‘German scientific institute’ gave Godfrey a phonograph for sound recording: WP, B2, GW/MW, 1–4 March 1937, Isumba; WHP, MW/JH, 15 Dec. [1937], Isumba.

39.For a report foregrounding Monica’s study of Christians, see LSE Malinowski/9/15, African Institute 1934–1938, M Hunter-Wilson, ‘Quarterly Report on Field Work, March–June 1935’; ‘Mrs. Wilson (née Hunter), Application for Renewal of Fellowship, 22 Jan. 1936’; WHP, MW/JH, 18 July [1935], Isumba. Also MW/JH, 1 Aug. [1935], Isumba.

40.WP, D11, MW/J Oldham, 8 Feb. 1936, London.

41.LSE, Malinowski/9/15, African Institute 1934–1938, M Hunter-Wilson, ‘Quarterly Report on Field Work, March–June 1935’; WHP, MW/JH, 13 June 1935, Isumba; MW/JH, 8 Nov. 1935, Rungwe; WP, D11, [MW]/A.W. Hoernlé, 9 May 1935, Isumba; WHP, MW/JH, 25 Sept. 1936, Rungwe; MW/JH, 8 Oct. 1936, Rungwe; LSE, Malinowski/7/19, African Fellows 3, ‘Second Quarterly Report on Field Work, Mrs M Hunter-Wilson, June–September 1935, Confidential’, Sept. 1935; also WP, D11, ‘Second Quarter’s Report on Field-Work among the Banyakyusa’, 30 Aug. 1935 (draft). For Leonard’s transcriptions of dreams see WPU, Dreams, n.d., but Nyakyusa period; WHP, MW/JH, 5 Sept. [1935], Isumba.

42.WP, D6.5, Earning money, Tom’s store, 18 April 1935. GW gives details of stock in De Souza’s shop at Masoko in September 1935: D1.1, GW’s notebook 29, 12 Sept. 1935; D4.7, Nyakyusa Christians, Visit to School, 1 April 1935; Kabembe School, 24 May 1935; Sonjala, Rungwe, Sept. 1936.

43.WHP, MW/JH, 10 May 1935, Isumba; WP, B2, GM/MW [1935], Korosso’s; D3.6, Lubaga, typescript by MW of GW Notebook 30, ‘Visit to Sacred Grove in BuKinga’ [1935]. The grove still stands amid densely cultivated fields. Typescript by MW of GW Notebook 48/2, n.d. [but early 1937], entry on ‘To Lubaga’.

44.WP, D3.7, Rain making, GW, 1 April 1935; B2, GW/MW, 9–11 April 1937, Isumba.

45.WP, B1, MW/GW, 17 Feb. 1937, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 20–21 Feb. 1937, Isumba; B1, MW/GW, 3 March 1937, Hogsback. For interaction with Kasitile about the breakdown, see GW’s research notes: D1.1, GW notebook 47, Feb. 1937; B2, GW/MW, 23–25 Feb. 1937, Isumba; GW/MW, 14 March 1937, Isumba; GW/MW, 16–18 March 1937, Isumba.

46.WP, B2, GW/MW, 19 March 1937. Aldous Huxley, Point Counter Point (London: Chatto & Windus, 1928).

47.WP, D4.4, GW/Malinowski, 20 Sept. [1935], Tukuyu; WHP, MW/JH, 22 Nov. 1935, Rungwe. GW, ‘An African Morality’, Africa, 9, 1 (1936): 75–99; LSE, Malinowski/9/15, African Institute, 1934–1938, Malinowski/D.G. Brackett, 12 Nov. 1935, n.p.; WP, B2, GW/MW, ‘Sunday night’ [late 1935], Ilolo.

48.WHP, MW/JH, 29 Nov. 1935, Dodoma; WP, B4.13, draft letter GW/[T.B.] Kittredge [Rockefeller Fdn.], 16 Jan. 1936, London.

CHAPTER 6

1.WHP, MW/JH, 22 Nov. 1935, Rungwe; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 20 Jan. 1936, London.

2.WHP, MW/JH, 13 May [1936], London; for negotiations, see: WP, B4.13, draft letter GW/[T.B.] Kittredge [Rockefeller Fdn.], 16 Jan. 1936, London; B4.6, GW/J. Oldham, 17 Jan. 1936, London; LSE, Malinowski/9/15, African Institute 1934–1938, ‘Mr. G.B. Wilson, Application for Grant’, 17 Jan. 1936; ‘Mrs. Wilson (née Hunter), Application for Renewal of Fellowship’, 22 Jan. 1936; WP, D11, [MW]/Miss Brackett, 22 Jan. 1936, London. See also WP, B4.14; LSE, Malinowski/8/7, Rockefeller Papers, Malinowski [Oldham], 17 Feb. 1936, London; Malinowski/Oldham, 24 Feb. 1936, n.p.; ‘Minutes of a Meeting of the Business Committee held Tuesday February 25th at the offices of the Institute’.

3.WP, C1, GW, ‘The Nature of an Institution’, 10 March 1936; LSE, Malinowski/6/12, report of discussion of GW ‘Ceremonies as an Explanation of Education’, 14 May 1936; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 14 May 1936, [London]; C1, ‘Ten Elements of Social Life: a suggested guide to research in the field’, GW seminar presentation, 17 June 1936. See GW, ‘Introduction to Nyakyusa Law’, Africa, 10 (1937): 16–36; idem, ‘Nyakyusa conventions of burial’, Bantu Studies, 13 (1939): 1–31; GW and MH, The Study of African Society (Livingstone: Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, 1939). In 1933 Monica and Godfrey were already discussing a guide to anthropology: ‘It’s high time you wrote your “Introduction to Anthropology”,’ Monica wrote, ‘or is that going to be a “we” book?’: WHP, MH/GW, 17 Oct. [1933], Cambridge; WP, B4.4, Malinowski/GW, 12 March 1936, London; GW/Malinowski, 19 March 1936, London.

4.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 10 April [1936], London; WHP, MW/JH, 12 April 1936, London; MW/JH, 22 April 1936, Avebury; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 20 Jan. 1936, London; MW/DH, 28 May [1936], London; MW/DH, 26 March 1936, London; H1.1, Reaction to Conquest: MW request slips British Library Reading Room, 25 Feb.–12 May 1936; for German, see WHP, MW/JH, 3 June 1936 [London]; MW/JH, 11 June 1936, London; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 19 March [1936], [London].

5.WHP, MW/JH, 26 March [1936], London; MW/JH, 4 Feb. [1936], [London].

6.WHP, MW/JH, 19 March [1936], [London]; MW/JH, 17 Jan. 1935 [recte 1936], London.

7.WHP, MW/JH, 7 May [1936], London; WP, B2, GW/MW, 28 Dec. 1936, Tukuyu; WHP, MW/JH, 7 May [1936], London; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 7 May [1936], London.

8.WP, B2, GW/MW, 18 [May 1937], Tukuyu.

9.WHP, Alfred Zimmern/GW, 29 Dec. 1936, Oxford; GW, ‘An introduction to Nyakyusa society’, Bantu Studies, 10 (1936): 253–291; WP, B2, GW/MW, 23–25 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu; WP, B4.9, Alfred Zimmern/GW, 1 Jan. 1938, 22 March 1941, 12 July 1941, Oxford.

10.WP, B5.1, 20 Jan. 1936, London. See Margaret Wrong, Africa and the Making of Books (London: International Committee on Christian Literature for Africa, 1934); WHP, MW/JH, 18 Feb. 1936, London; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 11 June 1936, London. See C.P. Fitzgerald, China: A Short Cultural History (London: Cresset Press, 1935); WHP, MW/JH, 11 Feb. 1936, London.

11.LSE, IAI/39/50, [JH Oldham]/Smuts, 13 Sept. 1935, [London]; WP, D11, [MW]/A.W. Hoernlé, 9 May 1935, Isumba; WPU, Writings, Additions, Reaction to Conquest, A.W. Hoernlé/MW, 15 May 1935, Johannesburg; A.W. Hoernlé/MW, 30 July 1935, Johannesburg; A.W. Hoernlé/MW, 14 Aug. 1935, Johannesburg; LSE, IAI/39/50, ‘Extract from letter from Mrs. Hoernlé to Miss Brackett’, 30 April 1936, n.p.; [Miss Brackett]/A.W. Hoernlé, 31 Oct. 1935 [London]; A.W. Hoernlé/Miss Brackett, 14 April 1935, Johannesburg; A.W. Hoernlé/Miss Brackett, 14 April 1935, Johannesburg; WHP, MW/JH, 19 May [1935], Isumba; LSE, IAI/39/50, ‘Extract from letter from Mrs. Wilson to Miss Brackett’, 17 Oct. 1935 (received 29 Oct. 1935), n.p.; [Miss Brackett]/A.W. Hoernlé, 31 Oct. 1935, [London].

12.WHP, MW/JH, 10 Jan. [1936], Purley. See MH, ‘The Bantu on European-owned Farms’, in I. Schapera, ed., The Bantu-Speaking Tribes of South Africa: An Ethnographical Survey (Cape Town: Maskew Miller, 1966 [1937]), pp. 389–404; LSE, IAI/39/50, Note by Miss Brackett, 15 Jan. 1936; MW/Miss Brackett, 19 March 1936, London; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 19 March [1936], [London]; LSE, IAI/39/50, Memorandum of Agreement between OUP and IIALC for publication of Reaction to Conquest; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 26 March 1936, London.

13.LSE, IAI/39/50, MW/Miss Brackett, 27 March 1936, encl. W.B. Mumford/MW, 26 March 1936, London; ‘Presentation List for Reaction to Conquest: Effects of Contact with Europeans on the Pondo of South Africa’ by MH, 28 July 1936; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 28 May [1936], London; B6.20, J.C. Smuts/MW, 14 May 1936, Cape Town; WPU, Reaction to Conquest correspondence, ‘Extract from General Smuts’s letter to Mrs. M.C. Gillett, dated 17th May, 1936, from Tsalta, Cape Town, South Africa’. [Smuts presumably meant Hodson, not Haddon]; LSE, IAI/39/50, Smuts/Oldham, 14 May 1936, Pretoria. Monica supported J.H. Hofmeyr’s vote against the bill: WP, B1, MW/GW, 23 March 1937, Hogsback; WP, H1.2, Letters received after publication, 1936–1938, T.C. Hodson/MW, 5 July 1936, London; T.C. Hodson/MW, 27 Oct. 1936, Cambridge. Hodson’s reference is to Swiss missionary ethnographer Henri Junod and to Edwin W. Smith and Andrew M. Dale’s The Ila-Speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia (London: Macmillan, 1920).

14.WHP, MW/JH, [Sept. 1936], Tukuyu; Illustrated London News, 22 Aug. 1936: 314, 338; WP, H1.3, Reviews. Shepherd’s review is in The South African Outlook, 1 March 1937: 66–67. For Monica’s reaction, see WP, B1, MW/GW, 3 March [1937], Hogsback; MW/GW, 7–8 March 1937, [Hogsback]; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 27 Nov [1936], [Tukuyu]. Reviews by A. Victor Murray in International Review of Mission, 26 (1937): 268–271; Isaac Schapera in Bantu Studies, 11 (1937): 53–60; Winifred Hoernlé in Africa, 10 (1937): 121–126; Cullen Young in Man, 37 (1937): 15–16; WP, B2, GW/MW, 14 March 1937, Isumba.

15.WHP, A.J.H. Goodwin/MH, 25 Nov. 1931, Cape Town; WPU, Reaction to Conquest correspondence, Goodwin/MW, 4 Sept. 1936, Rondebosch; MW/Goodwin, 31 Sept. 1936, Tukuyu; MW/‘Shap’ [Schapera], 31 Sept. [1936], Tukuyu; WP, H1.2, Letters received after publication, 1936–1938, A.J.H. Goodwin/MW, 23 Oct. 1936, Rondebosch. See Carmel Schrire, Digging Through Darkness: Chronicles of an Archaeologist (Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand Press, 1995), p. 35; Charles T. Loram/MW, 22 Oct. 1936, New Haven, Conn. See R. Hunt Davis Jr., ‘Charles T. Loram and the American Model for African Education in South Africa’, in Peter Kallaway, ed., Apartheid and Education: The Education of Black South Africans (Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1984), pp. 108–126. Monica rated Loram below Lovedale educationists like James Henderson and A.W. Roberts: WPU, MW/John Towey, 12 Oct. 1976, Hogsback; WP, B4.4, Malinowski/GW, 1 Dec. 1936, London; B2, GW/MW, 19 Dec. 1936, Tukuyu; GW/MW, 13–14 Feb. 1937, Isumba, encl. AR/GW, 18 Jan. 1937, London.

16.WP, B5.6, John Dover Wilson/MW, 18 Oct. 1936, Balerno; B2, GW/MW, 1–4 March 1937, Isumba; B1, GW/MW, 14 March 1937, Isumba; MW/GW, 17 Feb. 1937, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 8–10 May 1937, encl. Munira [Sadek]/MW, 24 March 1937, Cairo.

17.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 26 March 1936, London; WHP, MW/JH, [Aug. 1936], Durban; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 4 Sept. 1936, Dar es Salaam; MW/DH, ‘Friday, Sept.’ [1936], Tukuyu.

CHAPTER 7

1.WHP, MW/JH, 1 March 1936, London; LSE, Malinowski/7/19, African Fellows 3, ‘First Report on Field Work, Mr GB Wilson, Confidential’, Nov. 1936. This may contain the germ of Monica’s For Men and Elders; WP, B4.13, draft letter GW/[T.B.] Kittredge [Rockefeller Fdn.], 16 Jan. 1936, London.

2.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 18 Sept. 1936, Rungwe; MW/DH, 1 Oct. [1936], Rungwe. See Joseph Busse, Die Nyakyusa: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (Münster: Lit, 1995) and Die Nyakyusa: Religion und Magie (Bonn: Holos, 1998); WHP, MW/JH, 25 Sept. 1936, Rungwe; MW/JH, 16 Oct. 1936, Rungwe; for domestic routines see, for instance, WP, D5.1, Economic Calendar, 1937 and 1938; WP, D4.4, MW, ‘Service Rungwe, September 27th 1936’.

3.WHP, MW/JH, 1 Oct. 1936, Rungwe; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 1 Oct. [1936], Rungwe.

4.WP, B1, MW/GW, 15 April [1937], Hogsback; WHP, MW/JH, 26 Sept. 1937, Rungwe; MW/JH, 2 Aug. [1937], Karonga; WP, B1, MW/GW, 15 May 1937, Lovedale; B5.1, MW/DH, 16 Oct. 1936, Rungwe.

5.WHP, GW/MH, 17 Sept 1934, Tukuyu; WP, D4.6, Christian funeral, typescript by MW of GW Notebook 6, 3 Nov. 1936; WHP, MW/JH, 29 Oct. 1936, Tukuyu.

6.WHP, MW/JH, 18 Sept. 1936, Rungwe; MW/JH, 25 Sept. 1936, Rungwe. Leonard Mwaisumo ceases to appear in GW’s notebooks from August 1935: WP, D1.1, GW’s notebooks; WHP, MW/JH, 8 Oct. 1936, Rungwe; WP, B2, GW/MW, 16 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu. Scattered details of Mwaikambo’s life appear in WP, D1.2, J1, John Brown Mwaikambo, Notebook 1. I am grateful to Andrew Bank for making available the translation from chiNyakyusa by Timothy Mwakasikele; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 23 Oct. 1935, Rungwe. See also GW notebook 43, Oct. 1936; D1.1, GW’s notebooks, notebook 17, [April–May 1937]; D10, John Brown Mwaikambo/GW, 24 June 1938, Ibungila. Thanks to Andrew Bank for translations, by Ntimi Mtawa, of this and other letters to GW and MW in chiNyakyusa.

7.WP, B1, MW/GW, 25 March 1937, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 29 March–1 April 1937, Isumba; GW/MW, 8–10 May 1937, Isumba; LSE, IAI/2/16, MW/[Dorothy] Brackett, 29 March 1937. See MW, ‘An African Christian morality’, Africa, 10, 3 (1937): 265–292.

8.WP, B5.1, 1 Oct. 1937, Tukuyu; WHP, MW/JH, 9 Oct. 1937, Ilolo. See D.R. MacKenzie, The Spirit-Ridden Konde (London: Seeley, Service, 1925).

9.WP, B2, GW/MW, 3–6 May 1937, Isumba; D4.2, Christian amusements, GW, ‘Christian Songs not sung in Church. One a comment on European Materialism’, 2 May 1937; MW, Rituals of Kinship Among the Nyakyusa (London: OUP for IAI, 1957): [v]; WPU, Nyakyusa research, [GW] ‘Nyakyusa Pagan Religion contrasted with Christianity (for Moché, May 1937)’; WP, B1, MW/GW, 7 May 1937, Lovedale. Godfrey responded to Monica’s queries in B2, GW/MW, 11–14 May 1937, Tukuyu; WP, B2, GW/MW, 3–6 May 1937, Isumba.

10.WP, B1, MW/GW, 10 May 1937, [Lovedale].

11.WP, B2, GW/MW, 3–6 May 1937, Isumba. See also D1.1, GW notebook 52, April 1937.

12.WP, B2, GW/MW, 16 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu. Soon after Monica left for South Africa, Major Wells died, leaving a sickly widow and a mortgaged estate: GW/MW, 25–29 [Jan. 1937], Tukuyu. For letters and telegrams concerning Monica’s illness addressed to her father, and to both parents, see WP B5.1, and to her mother, see WHP. Quotation from WP, B5.1, MW/DH, ‘Saturday’ [Dec. 1936], Tukuyu. Monica’s medical expenses in Tanganyika amounted to £28: LSE, Malinowski/9/15, Agenda for Business Committee meeting of the IIALC, 2 Feb. 1937; WP, B1, MW/GW, 27 Dec. [1936], [Hogsback]; B2, GW/MW, 5 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu.

13.LSE, IAI/2/16, copy GW/[Dorothy] Brackett, 13 March 1937, Tukuyu; WP, B1, MW/GW, 3 March 1937, Hogsback.

14.WP, B1, MW/GW, 5 April 1937, Hogsback; MW/GW, 20 April [1937], Lovedale; MW/GW, 31 Dec. 1936, Hogsback; MW/GW, 4 May 1937, Lovedale; MW/GW, 13 Feb. [1937], Hogsback; MW/GW, 26 May 1937, Lovedale; MW/GW, 11 Feb. 1937, Hogsback; MW/GW, 9 April 1937, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, ‘Friday–Tuesday’ [April 1937], Isumba.

15.WP, B1, MW/GW, 27 April 1937, [Lovedale]; MW/GW, 15 May 1937, Lovedale; MW/GW, 29 May 1937, Lovedale. See E.H. Jellinek, ‘The Russells of Edinburgh: A Medical Dynasty’, Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 31 (2001): 342–351.

16.WP, B1, MW/GW, 18 May 1937, Lovedale; B2, GW/MW, 25 May 1937, Tukuyu; B1, MW/GW, 22 May 1937, Lovedale; MW/GW, 18 May 1937, Lovedale.

17.WP, B1, MW/GW, 4 Feb. [1937], Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 17 Nov. 1938, Kasama; B1, MW/GW, 7–8 March [1937], Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 16–18 March 1937, Isumba.

18.WP, B1, MW/GW, 15 Feb. [1937], Hogsback; MW/GW, 17 Feb. 1937, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 23–25 Feb. 1937, Isumba. For Monica’s reaction to the Wits situation, see B1, MW/GW, 15 March 1937, [Hogsback]. Also Winifred Hoernlé/MW, 22 March 1937, Houghton, Johannesburg, encl. in MW/GW, 25 March 1937, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 22 May 1937, Tukuyu; B1, MW/GW, 1 June 1937, Lovedale.

19.WP, B1, MW/GW, 12 Jan. 1937, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 23–25 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu; GW/MW, 6 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu; GW/MW, 21 Jan. 1943, Port Elizabeth.

20.See, for instance, WP, B2, GW/MW, 26 Sept. 1935, Lubaga; GW/MW, 2 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu; GW/MW, 20–23 Jan. [1937], Tukuyu; GW/MW, 5 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu; B1, MW/GW, 29 May 1937, Lovedale; B2, GW/MW, 5 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu; B1, MW/GW, 20 April [1937], Lovedale.

21.WP, B2, GW/MW, ‘Wednesday night’, [Sept. 1935], Lubaga; B1, MW/GW, ‘Sunday’ [Dec. 1935], [Lovedale or Hogsback]; MW/GW, ‘Tuesday’ [Dec. 1935], Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, ‘Sunday night’ [Dec. 1935], Ilolo; GW/MW, 30 April–2 May 1937, Isumba; GW/MW, 23–26 March 1937, Isumba; GW/MW, 6–7 Feb. 1937, Tukuyu; B1, MW/GW, 1 Feb. 1937, [Hogsback]; MW/GW, 9 April 1937, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 16–18 March 1937, Isumba.

22.WP, B2, GW/MW, 22 May 1937, Tukuyu; WPU, Nyakyusa Research, Questions, GW/[James] Dougall, 6 June 1935, Tukuyu; MW/Dougall, 10 Nov. 1935, Tukuyu; WP, D1.1, GW notebook 74, Dec. 1937.

23.WP, B2, GW/MW, 19 March 1937, Isumba.

24.WP, B2, GW/MW, 29 March–1 April 1937, Isumba. Godfrey’s comment on Freud’s sociology is most likely a reference to Civilization and its Discontents (New York: WW Norton, 1961 [1930]).

25.For a fairytale set in a half-African half-Scottish landscape, see WP, B2, GW/MW, 13 April [1937], Isumba. Monica replied: ‘the only snag is that I can never answer your gayities [sic] and love adequately – but that does not really matter, for you go on writing such letters just the same’: B1, MW/GW, 23 April 1937, Lovedale; B2, GW/MW, ‘Wednesday Night’, [1935], Lubaga, encl. ‘For Monica, a Triumph’, 24 Sept. 1935, Lubaga; ‘Monica’, in file dated May 1944; B1, MW/GW, 4 May 1937, Lovedale; B2, GW/MW, 12 January 1937, Ilolo.

26.WP, B1, MW/GW, 10 May [1937], Lovedale; MW/GW, 15 Feb. [1937], Hogsback; MW/GW, 14 March 1937, [Hogsback]; B2, GW/MW, ‘Tuesday night’ [1935], Kwa Porohoto, Rungwe. Godfrey uses Monica’s Nyakyusa name on the envelope: ‘Kwa Kagile, Isumba, N. Selya’. On the back he wrote: ‘Please give bearer 2/=’; GW/MW, 29 March–1 April 1937, Isumba; GW/MW, 20 & 21 Feb. 1937, Isumba.

27.WP, B1, MW/GW, 22 Feb. 1937, Hogsback; MW/GW, 10 May [1937], Lovedale. Re-reading Virginia Woolf’s The Waves in 1938, Monica said it gave her ‘a nasty creepy feeling’, as when she was a child reading Kipling’s Puck of Pook’s Hill: ‘I could not quite distinguish between what was real and what wasn’t and that was frightening’: MW/GW, 10 Nov. 1938, Hogsback.

28.WP, B2, GW/MW, ‘Friday night’ [1935], Korosso’s; GW/MW, 25 May 1937, Tukuyu.

29.WP, B1, MW/GW, 13–15 Feb. [1937], Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 23–25 Feb. 1937, Isumba.

30.For Monica’s account of this aspect of their relationship, see WP, A1.14, Papers on Godfrey Wilson’s death; B2, GW/MW, 19–24 Dec. 1936, Ilolo, n.d., n.p. [1944, Hogsback]; D1.1, GW notebook 33, Sept. 1935.

31.WP, B2, GW/MW, 31 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu.

32.WP, A1.14, [MW], account of GW’s life in response to request for information from Leonard Browne: Browne/MW, 4 Feb. 1945, London.

33.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 7 June [1937], Johannesburg; B1, MW/GW, 15 May 1937, Lovedale. When Monica left for Tanganyika, her father gave her £50 ‘for “extras”’: MW/GW, 1 June 1937, Lovedale; WHP, MW/JH, [18 June] 1937, Chunya.

34.WHP, MW/JH, 2 July [1937], Tukuyu; WP, B1, MW/GW, 1 June 1937, Lovedale; WHP, MW/JH, 11 June [1937], Mbeya.

35.WP, D1.1: see especially GW notebooks 54, 55, 56, June 1937.

36.LSE, Malinowski/7/19, African Fellows III, GW/Malinowski, 5 Nov. 1937, Tukuyu; WP, D9, Nyakyusa: survey forms: questions to all employers in Rungwe District for the year 1936; WPU, Economics, Interview with BE Eustace, 29 June 1937; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 29 Oct. 1937, Ilolo; WHP, MW/JH, 31 Oct. 1937, Ilolo.

37.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 13 June 1937, Chunya; LSE, Malinowski/7/19, African Fellows 3, ‘Third Report on Field Work, Mrs GB Wilson (née Hunter), Confidential’, September 1937; WP, D6.5, MW, file: Earning Money: Lupa, June 16th 1937, Visit to Creswell and George’s Camp.

38.WP, B2, GW/MW, 3 June 1937, Chunya; A2.15, MW, Notes on Anthropology recorded for James Fox, Behavioral Sciences Center, April 1972; WPU, Nyakyusa residents, material used 1974, 17 June [1937]; LSE, Malinowski/7/19, African Fellows 3, ‘Third Report on Field Work, Mrs GB Wilson (née Hunter), Confidential’, September 1937. See Terence Ranger, Dance and Society in Eastern Africa 1890–1970: The Beni Ngoma (London: Heinemann, 1975). See also WP, D1.1, GW notebook 55, June 1937; WP, D6.5, file: Easy money: Chunya, June 15th 1937, M Robbins Seme, Correspondence Clerk; WPU, map dated 12 April 1937; WP, B2, GW/MW, 3 June 1937, Chunya.

39.WHP, MW/JH, [18 June] 1937, Chunya; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 13 June 1937, Chunya; WHP, MW/JH, 25 June 1937, Tukuyu.

40.WHP, MW/JH, 25 June 1937, Tukuyu.

41.See Owen J.M. Kalinga, A History of the Ngonde Kingdom of Malawi (Berlin: Mouton, 1985).

42.For information on Livingstonia, see McCracken, Politics and Christianity.

43.WHP, MW/JH, [12] July 1937, Karonga; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 18 July 1937, Kwa Kyungu; GW, The Constitution of Ngonde (Livingstone: RLI, 1939). See WP, D1.1, GW notebook 60, July 1937; B5.1, MW/DH, 18 July 1937, Kwa Kyungu; WHP, MW/JH, 21 July 1937, Kwa Kyungu; Peter Hall/GW, 1 March 1940, Tukuyu; LSE, Malinowski/7/19, African Fellows 3, ‘Third Report on Field Work, Mrs GB Wilson (née Hunter), Confidential’, September 1937; WHP, MW/JH, 2 Aug. [1937], Karonga.

44.WP, D4.4, sermons written in Nyakyusa by J. Master Mwabungulu, church elder, Karonga, 23 July 1937; WHP, MW/JH, 15 Aug. 1937, Mpata; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 10 Aug. 1937, Karonga Mission; WHP, MW/JH, 15 Aug. 1937, Mpata. Monica’s notes on the Nyasulu interview, see: WP, D4.5, African National Church, n.d. but early Aug. 1937.

45.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 23 Aug. 1937, Livingstonia; D4.4, Sermons; Sectarian Churches, Theology, Aug. 1937, Livingstonia; WHP, MW/JH, 22 and 29 Aug. [1937], Livingstonia and Rungwe.

46.See, for example, WHP, V. [illegible, but Fox-Strangways]/GW, 20 Aug. 1937, Karonga.

47.WP, D1.1, GW notebooks 65, 66, Sept. 1937; B1, MW/GW, 9 March [1937], Hogsback; B5.1, MW/DH, 19 Nov. 1937, Rungwe; MW/DH, 29 Nov. 1937, Isumba; WHP, MW/JH, 24 Nov. 1937, Rungwe; MW/JH, 29 Nov. 1937, Isumba.

48.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 12 Nov. [1937], Tukuyu; WHP, GW, ‘Memorandum to the District Officer, Rungwe District, on Nyakyusa, Selya and Kukwe Customs of Moving and of Land Tenure with Special Reference to Trees and Particularly Coffee’, Tukuyu, 27 Jan. 1938; WP, A1.15, Invoices etc., 1936–1944, Blackwell’s, Oxford/GW, 5 Jan. 1938, encl. lists books ordered; B2, GW/MW, 2–4 April 1937, Isumba; LSE, Malinowski/7/19, African Fellows III, GW/Malinowski, 5 Nov. 1937, Tukuyu.

49.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 13 Jan. 1937 [recte 1938], Isumba; WHP, MW/JH, 9 Jan. 1938, Isumba; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 3 Jan. 1937 [recte 1938], Isumba.

50.WP, D4.7, MW, Nyakyusa Christians; D8.5, GW’s book on Nyakyusa Society; WPU, MW, notes for ‘Reflections on fieldwork’.

51.See WP, D2.1-2, D2.5; D3.1-18; D4.1-6; D5.1; D5.2; D6.2-5, D6.7, D6.10; D7.1-2; WPU, Nyakyusa Research; WP, B8, ‘Report on Vacation and Study Leave July 30th 1971 to July 30th 1972, 21 Sept. 1972’.

52.WHP, GW/JH, 13 Jan. 1938, Tukuyu; WP, B5.1, MH/DH, 3 Jan. 1937 [recte 1938], Tukuyu; WHP, MW/JH, 24 Dec. [1937], Tukuyu; MW/JH, 29 Dec. 1937, Tukuyu; WP, D1.1, GW notebook 74, Dec. 1937; B5.1, MW/DH, 29 [Jan. 1938], [Tukuyu]; AA1.1, DH Pocket Diary, 3 Feb. 1938.

CHAPTER 8

1.WP, A1.15, Invoices, corr. re goods ordered, receipts etc., 1936–1944, invoice for stay at Carlton, 4–8 Feb. 1938; AA1.1, DH Pocket Diary, 9 Feb. 1938; 10 April 1938; A1.15, Invoices etc., 1936–1944, various orders 23 March 1938 ff. Monica had pored over catalogues even in buNyakyusa: WHP, MW/JH, 15 Dec. [1937], Isumba; MW/JH, 6 Jan. 1937 [recte 1938], Isumba; Monica’s continuing concern with Hunterstoun is clear from a suggestion to her father, with an accompanying sketch map, regarding the felling of trees to improve the views, while cannily noting the good timber market: B5.1, MW/DH, 26 Jan. 1940, Broken Hill.

2.WHP, MW/JH, [17 April] 1938, Bloemfontein; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 21 April 1938, Johannesburg; WHP, MW/JH, [24] April 1938, Johannesburg. I.D. MacCrone, Race Attitudes in South Africa: Historical, Experimental and Psychological Studies (Johannesburg: OUP, 1937); WP, B5.1, MW/DH, [29 April 1938], Mountain Inn, Zoutpansberg; MW/DH, 1 May 1938, Livingstone.

3.For comment on the RLI, especially its early years, see: MW, ‘The First Three Years, 1938–41’, African Social Research, 24 (1977): 279–283; RB, ‘Anthropology and Colonial Rule: Godfrey Wilson and the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, Northern Rhodesia’, in Talal Asad, ed., Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter (London: Ithaca Press, 1973), pp. 173–197; idem, ‘Passages in the Life of a White Anthropologist: Max Gluckman in Northern Rhodesia’, Journal of African History, 20, 4 (1974): 525–541. Monica praised Brown’s article on Godfrey: WPU, MW/RB, 27 Feb. 1973, [Rondebosch]; James Ferguson, Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999); H. Macmillan, ‘The Historiography of Transition on the Zambian Copperbelt: Another View’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 19 (4), 1993: 681–712; idem, ‘More Thoughts on the Historiography of Transition on the Zambian Copperbelt’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 22 (2) 1996: 309–312; J. Ferguson, ‘Modernist Narratives, Conventional Wisdoms, and Colonial Liberalism: Reply to a Straw Man’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 20 (4), 1994: 633–640; Lyn Schumaker, Africanizing Anthropology: Fieldwork, Networks and the Making of Cultural Knowledge in Central Africa (Durham: Duke University Press, 2001). The literature on colonial expertise is pertinent, e.g.: Joseph Morgan Hodge, Triumph of the Expert: Agrarian Doctrines of Development and the Legacies of British Colonialism (Athens, Ohio: University of Ohio Press, 2007); Helen Tilley, Africa as a Living Laboratory: Empire, Development, and the Problem of Scientific Knowledge, 1870–1950 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011). Hubert Young, The Independent Arab (London: J Murray, 1933); Lord Hailey, An African Survey: A study of problems arising in Africa south of the Sahara (London: OUP, 1938); RB Notes, Colonial Office records (CO) 795/88/45043, copy of Young’s letter enclosing appeal, 20 May 1937. References to the CO records, as to various other sources, indicated as they occur, relate to notes taken by Richard Brown in the course of his own research and lent to the author. Godfrey attributed suspicion of the RLI to ‘the infection of the South African attitude steadily spreading north’: WHP, MW/JH, 26 Sept. 1937, Rungwe; RB, CO 795/81/45043, H Young/W Ormsby-Gore, Colonial Sec., 5 April 1937, Lusaka; copy Ellis Robins (Resident Director BSAC, Salisbury)/DO Malcolm, 29 May 1937, confirming cable of 27 May; 795/88/45043, Dougal O. Malcolm/W. Ormsby-Gore, ‘Private’, 8 June 1937, London; 795/88/45043, W. Ormsby-Gore/D.O. Malcolm, 25 June 1937, London; RB, Northern Rhodesia Legislative Council Debates, vol. 28, RLI Ordinance, 2nd reading, col. 20, 28 June 1937. For settlers’ complaints regarding the RLI, see report of meeting at Broken Hill, 24 Aug. 1937, Livingstone Mail, 1 Sept. 1937.

4.RB, RLI papers, Early History file, Rhodes-Livingstone Institute Appeal: published in Press 30 June 1937 (Mimeo.); copy Dougal O. Malcolm/Sir Hubert Young, 12 July 1937.

5.RB, CO 795/88/45043/1, H. Young/W. Ormsby-Gore, 24 May 1937, Lusaka; WCB [Sir Cecil Bottomley]/H. Young, 26 May 1937; minute of telephone call W. Ormsby-Gore/Governor, Tanganyika, 26 May 1937; WP, B4.11, Chief Sec. to Government of Tanganyika Territory/GW, 2 June 1937, Dar es Salaam; WP, B4.11, Chief Sec. to Government of Tanganyika Territory/GW, 6 Aug. 1937, Dar es Salaam.

6.LSE, Malinowski/7/19, African Fellows III, GW/Malinowski, 20 June [1937], Chunya; WHP, MW/JH, 25 June 1937, Tukuyu; MW/JH, 2 July [1937], Tukuyu; MW/JH, 22 Aug. [1937], Livingstonia, and 29 Aug., Rungwe; MW/JH, 26 Sept. 1937, Rungwe; WP, B1, MW/GW, 7 Oct. 1938, Hogsback, encl. Betty [Hobart Houghton]/MW, 5 Oct. 1938, Grahamstown.

7.LSE, Malinowski/7/19, African Fellows III, GW/Malinowski, 20 June [1937], Chunya; WP, B4.4, Malinowski/GW, 2 July 1937, n.p. The interferences Malinowski anticipated are demonstrated by the Southern Province Provincial Commissioner’s demand for a study of the local birth rate: RB, RLI/I.28/A.100, E.H.L. [Lane] Poole/Secretary [J.D. Clark], 11 Jan. 1938, [Livingstone].

8.WP, B4.7, AR/GW, 3 Sept. 1937, Pralognan, Haute-Savoie; AR/GW, 28 Sept. 1937, London; AR/GW, 25 March 1938, Johannesburg.

9.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 3 Sept. 1937, Isolo; B2, GW/MW, 3 Sept. 1937, Government House, Lusaka; LSE, Malinowski/7/19, African Fellows III, GW/Malinowski, 6 Sept. 1937, Lusaka; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 10 Sept. 1937, Rungwe; GW/DH, 6 Sept. 1937, Lusaka, as from Tukuyu; WHP, MW/JH, 14 Sept. 1937, Rungwe.

10.WP, B4.4, GW/Malinowski, 23 July 1937, near Karonga. Godfrey emphasised that he was not a ‘government anthropologist’ and that the RLI was ‘an independent scientific institute under Government protection’: RB, RLI/I/45, Read/GW, 15 April 1939, Blantyre; GW/Read, 22 April 1939, Livingstone; LSE, Malinowski/7/19, African Fellows III, GW/Malinowski, 6 Sept. 1937, Lusaka; WP, B4.4, Malinowski/GW, London, 13 and 20 Nov. 1937, London.

11.For Malinowski’s ambivalence, see: RB, RLI/PR 18, Edwin W. Smith, ‘A Question’, 18 Sept. 1945; WP, B1, MW/GW, 29 Oct. 1938, Lovedale; B2, GW/MW, 9 and ff. Nov. [1938], Kasama; RB, RLI/1/45, GW/Margaret Read, 22 July 1938; WP, B4.7, GW/AR, 7 Jan. 1941, Livingstone.

12.RB, RLI/9/1939, GW/Governor (President of Trustees), 10 Jan. 1939, Livingstone; RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc./6/1, GW/Governor, 22 June 1938, enclosing Associate Membership scheme; RLI, Management Board Minutes, 29 June 1938 (6th, typed as ‘fifth’); see for example Mrs C.E. Fripp, editor of the journals of Bishop Knight-Bruce’s Mashonaland Mission: I/45, GW/C.E. Fripp, 13 July 1938. See Constance Fripp and V.W. Hiller, eds, Gold and Gospel in Mashonaland 1888 (London: Chatto & Windus, 1949); GW and MH, The Study of African Society (Livingstone: RLI, 1939), p. 3; Munday, see: WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 24 Feb. 1939, Broken Hill; B4.7, GW/AR, 20 Nov. [1939], n.p.; WP, E12, ‘Director’s Report to the Trustees of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute on the Work of the First Three Years (1938–9–40)’, March 1941.

13.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 24 Feb. 1939, Broken Hill; WHP, MW/JH, 10 May 1939, Livingstone.

14.WP, B4.11, Hubert Young, ‘The Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, Livingstone, Northern Rhodesia’, 15 Dec. 1937, and GW, ‘Memorandum to the Trustees of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute’, 7 Nov. 1937, PO Tukuyu; RB, RLI, 19, Douglas W. Robertson/Director RLI, 14 Aug. 1939; GW/Robertson, 24 Aug. 1939, [Livingstone]: GW’s reply to a Uganda DO who had enquired about publishing his historical research.

15.RB, RLI/A.11/A.29, Hubert Young/GW, 20 Dec. 1937, [Lusaka]; GW/Hubert Young, 28 Dec. 1937, Tukuyu; WP, B2, GW/MW, 7 Dec. and ff. 1938, Ndola.

16.WHP, MW/JH, 26 Jan. [1938], Tukuyu; WP, B4.11, GW/Sir Hubert Young (draft), 20 Feb. 1938, c/o DH [Lovedale].

17.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 12 May [1938], Livingstone; WHP, MW/JH, 15 May 1938, Livingstone; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 21 May [1938], Livingstone; WHP, MW/JH, 2 June [1938], Livingstone; MW/JH, 26 May 1938, Livingstone; MW/JH, 7 July 1938, [Livingstone].

18.WHP, MW/JH, 8(?) [sic] May 1938, Livingstone; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 12 May [1938], Livingstone; WHP, MW/JH, 15 May 1938, Livingstone; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 30 May 1938, Livingstone; WHP, MW/JH, 13 [April 1939], Livingstone.

19.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 3 July 1938, Livingstone; A1.15, Invoices etc., 1936–44, receipt for £4-14-6, Livingstone Club; WHP, MW/JH, 17 Sept. 1940, [Livingstone]; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 29 June [1938], Livingstone; MW/DH, 17 July [1938], Livingstone.

20.WHP, MW/JH, 8(?) [sic] May 1938, Livingstone; MW/JH, 26 May 1938, Livingstone; MW/JH, 2 June [1938], Livingstone; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 17 July [1938], Livingstone; MW/DH, 9 Feb. 1939, Broken Hill; WHP, MW/JH, 3 March 1939, Broken Hill; RB, RLI/I.45, GW, ‘The Living Past of Central Africa’, Stanley Society AGM, 10 July 1939; NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, GW/Crewe-Read (Priv. Sec. to Governor), 12 July 1939.

21.WHP, MW/JH, 15 May 1938, Livingstone; WP, AA1.1, DH Pocket Diaries, August–September 1938; B3.1, John Dover Wilson/GW, 13 Feb. 1938, Balerno; B2, GW/MW, 3 Oct. [1938], Kasama; B1, MW/GW, 29 Nov. 1938, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 7 and ff. Dec. 1938, Ndola. In 1940 Monica mooted the evacuation of Godfrey’s much younger sister Carol, and perhaps his mother, to stay with them in Northern Rhodesia, but this did not happen: B5.1, MW/DH, 8 May 1940, Livingstone.

22.WP, D11, R. Coupland/MW, 9 July 1938, London; MW/Coupland, 25 July 1938, Livingstone; B1, MW/GW, ‘Thursday, Sept. 1938’, Hogsback; MW/GW, 26 Sept. 1938, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 17 Nov. 1938, Kasama; B1, MW/GW, 4 Dec. 1938, Hogsback; MW/GW, 8 Dec. 1938, Hogsback; WPU, Nyakyusa Research: Religion and Churches, MW/Coupland, 20 March 1939, Broken Hill, encl. draft of part of ‘Nyakyusa Christians: an Essay in Comparative Sociology’, and notes.

23.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 12 May [1938], Livingstone; D6.10, Jack Dashwood/GW, 5 Oct. 1938, Tukuyu. See correspondence from 1939–1940 in WHP, involving DOs, DCs and technical officers at Tukuyu, Karonga, Chunya, Zomba and elsewhere. Godfrey also corresponded with African informants, e.g. WP, D7.1, Amon B Mwakasungula/GW, 13 July 1939, Livingstonia (about Ngonde customs); GW, The Land Rights of Individuals among the Nyakyusa (Livingstone: RLI, 1938); The Constitution of Ngonde (Livingstone: RLI, 1939); ‘Nyakyusa Conventions of Burial’, Bantu Studies, 13 (1939): 1–31; ‘Anthropology as a Public Service’, Africa, 13 (1940): 43–61. ‘The “Constitution of Ngonde” is really good, though I says it as shouldn’t,’ Godfrey wrote: WP, B2, GW/MW, 5 Oct. 1939, Livingstone. Submitted for the Wellcome Medal, this article was considered ‘of great merit’: Royal Anthropological Institute Archives, London, A88/1/150, GW/Miss Martindell (Asst. Sec.), 17 Jan. 1939, Livingstone; A88/1/148, [sender not indicated]/GW, 26 June 1940, [London]; WHP, file on ‘Educated Africans’; WP, E3.1.1, GW, Outline biographies of Men in the Town [Broken Hill] Compound, 1939-40: E.C. Makato [recte Matako], 16 March 1939; see SM and John McCracken, ‘Two Previously Unknown Letters from Hastings Kamuzu Banda, Written from Edinburgh, 1938, Archived at the University of Cape Town’, History in Africa, 39 (2012): 337–354. Other communication with educated Nyasalanders in Northern Rhodesia was with, e.g., Alexander Muwamba: WHP, Alex Muwamba/GW, 22 June 1940, Broken Hill (two letters); GW/E.A. Muwamba, 10 Aug. 1940, Livingstone; GW as administrator: Rhodes University, Cory Library, Lovedale Press Papers, MS 16383, corr. between RLI and Lovedale Press on printing of RLI papers. GW/Manager Lovedale Book Shop; RB, RLI/A.16, GW/J. Desmond Clark, 9 Dec. 1938, [Livingstone]; RLI/15/38, C.E. Reeve/J.D. Clark, 23 June 1938, [London]; GW/PC Livingstone, 23 June 1938, [Livingstone]; GW/C.E. Reeve, 23 June 1938, [Livingstone]; RB, IAS Mss collection, Circular from Acting Chief Sec., 25 May 1938; GW/Acting Chief Sec., 31 May 1938; Acting Chief Sec./GW, 5 June 1938; GW/Acting Chief Sec., 8 June 1938; ‘Summary of evidence to be offered … August … 1938’, 16 June 1938. See Report of the Rhodesia and Nyasaland Royal Commission (Bledisloe Commission), 1939. Cmd. 5929; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 23 March 1939, Broken Hill.

24.WHP, GW/Brigham (DC, Livingstone), 21 May 1938, Livingstone, encl. questions; GW/Brigham, 23 June 1938, Livingstone; Hall (DO, Livingstone)/GW, 27 June 1938, Livingstone; GW/Hall, 29 June 1938, Livingstone; MW/JH, 1 July [1938], Livingstone; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 3 July 1938, Livingstone.

25.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 28 Dec. 1937, Tukuyu; LSE, Malinowski/7/19, GW/Malinowski, 16 Dec. 1937, Tukuyu, with attached letter GW/Malinowski, 16 Dec. 1937, Tukuyu; WP, B4.11, Malinowski/GW, 2 Jan. 1938, n.p.; Margaret Read/GW, 14 Jan. 1938, London; Margaret Read/GW, 24 Jan. 1938, London; B4.11, Kal Oberg/GW, 24 Jan. 1938, Missoula, Montana, and telegram same date; GW/Governor Northern Rhodesia (draft), 20 Feb. 1938, Lovedale; B4.3, Meyer Fortes/GW, 5 Jan. 1938, Horspath, Oxford; RB, RLI/A.2(c), Max Gluckman/GW, 17 Feb. 1938, Nongoma, Zululand; Max Gluckman/GW, 10 March 1938, Nongoma, Zululand.

26.WP, B4.11,GW/Governor Northern Rhodesia (draft), 20 Feb. 1938, Lovedale; RB, RLI, Management Board, 5, 16 March 1938; RB, CO 795/96/45043/1, E.A.T. Dutton, Deputy to Northern Rhodesian Governor/Secretary of State for the Colonies (Ormsby-Gore), no. 126, 14 April 1938; WHP, Günter Wagner/GW, 17 June 1938, London; GW/Wagner, 25 June 1938, Livingstone; Wagner/GW, 24 July 1938, London. See Wagner, The Bantu of North Kavirondo (London: OUP for the IAI, 1949). Though alienated, he returned to Germany, where he was a leading proponent of the German version of anthropological functionalism. See Andre Gingrich in Fredrik Barth, Andre Gingrich, Robert Parkin and Sydel Silverman, One Discipline, Four Ways: British, German, French and American Anthropology (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2005), pp. 124–125, 130–131, 142–143.

27.RB, C.O. 795/96/45043/1, J.C. Trevor/Secretary of State for the Colonies, 13 July 1938; RB, RLI, A.16, GW/PC Livingstone, 27 Sept. 1938, Kasama; GW/J.D. Clark, 9 Dec. 1938; Minutes of 7th meeting of Management Board, 16 Nov. 1938, Lusaka; WP, B2, GW/MW, 7 Dec. and ff. 1938, Ndola.

28.RB, RLI/A.16, GW/Governor, 10 Jan. 1939, [Livingstone]; A.11/A.29, J.A. Maybin (Governor and President of Trustees)/T. Ellis Robins, 25 Feb. 1939; Minutes of 8th meeting of Management Board, 11 March 1939; WHP, GW/Kalervo Oberg, 4 Jan. 1939, [Livingstone]; GW/Kalervo Oberg, 13 March 1939, Broken Hill; Kalervo Oberg/GW, 12 July 1939, Albuquerque; GW/Kalervo Oberg, 28 July 1939, [Livingstone]; GW/Meyer Fortes, 14 July 1939, [Livingstone]; GW/Meyer Fortes, 13 March 1939, Broken Hill; Meyer Fortes/GW, 3 April 1939, London; Meyer Fortes/GW, 24 April 1939, London.

29.WHP, GW/Meyer Fortes, 14 July 1939, [Livingstone]; GW/Meyer Fortes, 7 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; RB, RLI/25/A.126, GW/Max Gluckman, 18 March 1940, [Livingstone]; WHP, Meyer Fortes/GW, 11 July 1940, Oxford; WP, B4.3, GW/Meyer Fortes, 20 Aug. 1940, Livingstone. See also WP, B2, GW/MW, 19 Sept. 1939, Livingstone, and a draft letter to Fortes in WHP, GW/Meyer Fortes, 7 Sept. 1939, Livingstone.

30.Job offers to Leakey, Oberg and Gluckman, see RB, RLI/29, ‘Appointment of Assistant Anthropologist’, typed memorandum by GW, n.d. [June 1939?]. Max Gluckman: see Brown, ‘Passages’; RB, RLI/A.2(c), Gluckman cable, 21 June 1939; Gluckman/GW, 23 June 1939, Oxford; Gluckman/GW, 24 July 1939, Oxford; for Gluckman’s influential ‘Analysis of a Social Situation in Modern Zululand’, Bantu Studies, 14, 1 (1940): 1–30, written in the Wilsons’ house in Livingstone; WPU, Gluckman/RB, 8 Dec. 1972, Stockport (copy) in Gluckman/MW, 24 Jan. 1973, Manchester; RB, RLI/A.2(c), Gluckman/GW, 7 Sept. 1939, [Livingstone]; GW/Gluckman, 19 Sept. 1939, [Livingstone]; Gluckman/GW, 3 Oct. 1939, Livingstone; A.16, GW/Sir Dougal Malcolm, 22 Nov. 1939, [Livingstone]; WP, B2, GW/MW, 10 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 17 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 8 Oct. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 9 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 15 Nov. 1939, Livingstone; WHP, MW/JH, 19 Dec. 1940, Livingstone. Inquest into accidental shooting of induna: RB, RLI/A2(c), Secretary-Curator [Clark]/Financial Secretary, 8 Jan. 1940; [GW]/Governor, 8 Feb. 1940; Livingstone Mail, 13 Jan. and 20 Jan. 1940; WHP, PC Barotse Province/GW, 3 Feb. 1940, [Mongu].

31.WP, B4.7, GW/AR, 31 Dec. 1940, Livingstone; RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, R.T. Chicken (Priv. Sec. to Gov.)/GW, 16 July 1940; Desmond Clark/Private Sec., 2 Aug. 1940; GW, ‘Confidential report on Dr Max Gluckman for His Excellency’, 18 July 1940.

32.WHP, file on ‘Labour Troubles and Ban on Anthropological Work’, G Chamberlain, Chief Sec./Director RLI, 19 Aug. 1940, ‘SECRET’ (underlined three times in red), Lusaka; GW/Governor, 27 Aug. 1940, Livingstone; GW/Gluckman, 30 Aug. 1940, [Livingstone]; Keith Tucker (Chief Sec.)/Dir. RLI, 19 Sept. 1940, ‘SECRET’; GW/Gluckman, 23 Sept. 1940, Livingstone; T.J. Maugham Jones, for Chief Sec./Dir. RLI, 27 Sept. 1940, Lusaka, ‘Confidential’; GW/Governor, 1 Oct. 1940, Livingstone; RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, GW/Fin. Sec, 27 Jan. 1941; RB, RLI/A2(c), GW/Gluckman, 21 March 1941; Gluckman/GW, 23 March 1941; University of Fort Hare Staff Files, M Wilson Personal File, Gluckman/Alexander Kerr, 30 May 1944, Livingstone.

33.WHP, MW/JH, 1 July [1938], Livingstone; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 3 July 1938, Livingstone; E1.1–E1.7, Notebooks on chiBemba [July–August 1938]; B4.7, AR/GW, 27 July 1938, Johannesburg; AR/GW, 8 Aug. 1938, Johannesburg.

34.WP, B2, GW/MW, 10 Sept. 1938, Citambe’s village; GW/MW, 12–16 Oct. 1938, Chitimukulu’s village; GW/MW, 5 Nov. [1938], Kasama; GW/MW, 19 Sept. 1938, Kasama; GW/MW, 17–23 Oct. 1938, Kasama.

35.AR, Land, Labour and Diet in Northern Rhodesia: An Economic Study of the Bemba Tribe (London: OUP for the IAI, 1939); GW, ‘Nyakyusa Conventions of Burial’, Bantu Studies, 13, 1 (1938): 1–31; WP, B4.7, GW/AR, 18 Aug. 1938, Livingstone; AR/GW, 13 Dec 1938, [Johannesburg]. Godfrey also provided Audrey with substantial new material: see especially WP, B2, GW/MW, 20 Sept. 1938, encl. copy GW/AR, 17 Sept. 1938, Chitambe’s village; LSE/Richards/Chiefs: Spiritual Powers, GW/AR, 1–15 Dec. 1938, Ndola.

36.WP, B2, GW/MW, 22 Sept. 1938, Citambi’s [sic] village; GW/MW, 12–16 Oct. 1938, Citimukulu’s village; GW/MW, 26 Oct. 1938, Kasama; GW/MW, 24 and ff. Nov. 1938, Kasama; GW/MW, 17 Nov. 1938, Kasama; B1, MW/GW, 1 Dec. 1938, Hogsback. Also MW/GW, 8 Oct. 1938, Hogsback; MW/GW, 4 Dec. 1938, Hogsback.

37.WP, B2, GW/MW, 12–16 Oct. 1938, Citimukulu’s village; GW/MW, 17–23 Oct. 1938, Kasama; GW/MW, 24 Nov. [1938], Kasama.

38.WP, B2, GW/MW, 17 Oct. 1938, Kasama; GW/MW, 26 Nov. 1939, Broken Hill; GW/MW, 24 Nov. 1938, Kasama; GW/MW, 7 Dec. 1938, Ndola.

39.WP, B2, GW/MW, 5 Nov. [1938], Mwamba’s village; GW/MW, 17 Nov. 1938, Kasama; GW/MW, 19 Sept. 1939, Livingstone.

40.WP, B2, GW/MW, 6 & 7 Oct. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 9 Oct. 1939, Livingstone. Also GW/MW, 11 Oct. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 22 Jan. 1943, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth.

41.WP, B2, GW/MW, 2 Dec. 1938, Mkushi; GW/MW, 7 Dec. 1938, Ndola.

42.WP, B2, GW/MW, 9 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 18 [May 1937], Tukuyu.

43.WP, B2, GW/MW, 26 Oct. 1938, Kasama; GW/MW, 12–16 Oct. 1938, Citimukulu’s village.

44.WP, B2, GW/MW, 25 May 1937, Tukuyu. See GW, ‘Anthropology as a public service’, Africa, 13 (1940): 43–61; GW/MW, 31 Dec. 1936, Tukuyu.

45.WHP, MW/JH, [12 March 1936], London; WP, B1, MW/GW, 18 May 1937, Lovedale.

46.WHP, GW/JH, 29 Aug. 1936, ship approaching Dar es Salaam; Leonard Barnes, Soviet Light on the Colonies (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1944), esp. pp. 10, 157–178.

47.WP, B1, MW/GW, ‘On the train’, Friday [8 Sept. 1938]. Wulf Sachs’s Black Hamlet (London: Godfrey Bles, 1937) is a biography of the healer ‘John Chavafambira’; WHP, MW/JH, 19 [Dec. 1938], Johannesburg; WP, B1, MW/GW, 18 Sept. [1938], Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 30 Sept. 1938, Kasama; GW/MW, 30 Sept. 1938, Kasama; B1, MW/GW, 15 Oct. 1938, Hogsback.

48.WP, B1, MW/GW, 15 Oct. 1938, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 26 Oct. 1938, Kasama; B1, MW/GW, 13 Nov. 1938, Hogsback.

49.WHP, MW/JH, [17 Dec. 1938], [Johannesburg]; WP, B4.7, AR/GW, 13 Dec. 1938, [Johannesburg]. For embryonic themes in The Analysis, see: B2, GW/MW, 17–23 Oct. 1938, Kasama. B1, MW/GW, 14 Sept. 1938, Hogsback; WPU, Nyakyusa Research, notes for lectures at Fort Hare, 1938; WHP, MW/JH, 29 Dec. 1938, Livingstone.

50.RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, GW, ‘Preliminary Plan of Research’, 30 May 1938; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 30 May 1938, Livingstone.

51.See, for instance, Ian Henderson, ‘Early African Leadership: The Copperbelt Disturbances of 1935 and 1940’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 2, 1 (1975): 83–97; RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, R.S. Hudson, TS minute of 13 June 1938 on GW’s ‘Preliminary Plan of Research’; R.S. Hudson, MS minute, 18 June 1938; H.F. Cartmel-Robinson/R.S. Hudson, confidential, 30 June 1938; W.F. Stubbs/P.C. Ndola [Cartmel-Robinson], 30 June 1938; R.H. Lane Poole, ‘Research Proposals by the Director’, 28 June 1938; RB, RLI, Management Board, Minutes of Sixth Meeting, 29 June 1938.

52.RB, RLI, unnumbered ‘Notes from Provincial Commissioners’ folder, GW/Hon. S. Gore-Browne, 28 July 1938. Godfrey’s research did involve discussions with Africans on controversial issues. See, for example, notes on a meeting of the Literary Society at Broken Hill, where his talk on ‘Social Life’ turned into a discussion of the colour bar: WP, E9.1, ‘Anthropology, Colour Bar’, 11 Jan. 1940; RB, RLI, unnumbered ‘Arrangements to work on Mines’ folder, identical letters GW to managers R. Parker, Rhokana Corporation, Nkana; F.H. Ayer, Roan Antelope, Luanshya; J.D. Tallant, Mufulira; T.R. Pickard, Rhodesia Broken Hill Development Corporation; W. Pope, Nchanga, 19 Aug. 1938; T.R. Pickard (Broken Hill)/GW, 23 Aug. 1938; F.H. Ayer/GW, (Roan Antelope), 30 Aug. 1938; C. Cook (Actg. Compound Manager, Roan Antelope)/GW, 28 Sept. 1938; A. Hemans (Compound Manager, Broken Hill)/GW, 19 Sept. 1938; WP, B2, GW/MW, 16 Sept. 1938, Citambe’s village; RB, RLI, unnumbered ‘Arrangements to work on Mines’ folder, A. Parkes/GW, 18 Oct. 1938; RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, H.F. Cartmel-Robinson/Chief Secretary (confidential), 8 Nov. 1938; WP, B2, GW/MW, 14 Dec. 1938, Nkana; GW/MW, 12–16 Oct. 1938, Citimukulu’s village; B1, MW/GW, 29 Oct. 1938, Lovedale.

53.WP, E1.10, GW, Notebook on ‘urban sociology’, 5 Dec. 1938 (on cover) and entries for various dates to 20 Dec. 1938; B2, GW/MW, 4 Dec. 1938, Broken Hill; GW/MW, 14 Dec. 1938, Nkana; GW/MW, 12 Dec. 1938, Luanshya; B5.1, MW/DH, 18 Jan. 1939, Broken Hill. SM, ‘“On the side of the robbed”: R.J.B. Moore, Missionary on the Copperbelt, 1933–1941’, Journal of Religion in Africa, 29, 3 (1989): 244–63. See R.J.B. Moore, ‘Industry and Trade on the Shores of Lake Mweru’, Africa, 10, 2 (1937): 137–158; idem, ‘Bwanga among the Bemba’, Africa, 13, 3 (1940): 211–34.

54.For changing approaches, see SM, ‘“No girl leaves the school unmarried”: Mabel Shaw and the education of girls at Mbereshi, Northern Rhodesia, 1915–1940’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 19, 4 (1986): 601–635; RB, RLI, I.31/A.129, Rev. A.J. Cross/GW, 25 April 1940; GW/Rev. A.J. Cross, 29 April 1940; GW/R.J.B. Moore, 13 Dec. 1940; R.J.B. Moore/GW, 16 Dec. 1940, Mindolo; Max Gluckman/Rev. A.J. Cross, 4 April 1941; Rev. A.J. Cross/GW, 10 April 1941.

55.WP, B1, MW/GW, 17 Nov. 1938, Hogsback; WHP, MH/GW, 16 Nov. 1934, Lovedale; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 11 June 1936, London; B1, MW/GW, 10 May [1937], Lovedale; WHP, MW/JH, 29 Dec. 1937, Tukuyu; WP, B1, MW/GW, 13 Nov. 1938, Hogsback: R.C. Hutchinson, Testament (London: Cassell, 1938).

56.WP, B2, GW/MW, 15–16 May 1937, Tukuyu; GW/MW, 6 Jan. 1937, Tukuyu; for colonial expertise see, for instance, Tilley, Africa as a Living Laboratory.

57.WHP, MW/JH, 10 May 1939, Livingstone.

58.WP, B2, GW/MW, 22 Sept. 1938, Citambi’s [sic] village, PO Kasama, encl. copy GW/Stephen [Usherwood], n.d. [but pre-22 Sept. 1938], Kasama. For Godfrey’s critique of Huxley, see WP, C2, GW, ‘“Ends and Means” by Aldous Huxley: A Critical Appreciation’, 20 March 1938. Apparently intended for publication, no such record exists. See Aldous Huxley, Ends and Means (London: Chatto & Windus, 1937). Godfrey wrote early in 1940 on the relationship between pacifism and the law: WHP, GW/Zimmern, 9 Jan. 1940, as from Livingstone.

59.WP, B2, GW/MW, 30 Sept. 1938, Kasama; B1, MW/GW, 15 Oct. 1935, Hogsback; B2, GW/MW, 26 Oct. 1938, Kasama; WHP, GW/JH, 27 Oct. 1938, Kasama.

60.Keith Clements, ed., The Moot Papers: Faith, Freedom and Society 1938–1944 (London: Bloomsbury, 2009); WP, B4.6, Joseph Oldham/GW, 17 Feb. 1939, London; GW/Joseph Oldham, 12 April 1939, Livingstone; C6, [GW], ‘Notes on “Planning for Freedom” by Karl Mannheim’, [1939]; ‘Notes on “The Rebirth of the West”’, [1939].

61.WP, B2, GW/MW, 1 Sept. 1939, Lusaka; GW/MW, 9–11 April 1937, Isumba; GW/MW, 6 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 24 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 9 Sept. 1939, Livingstone.

62.WP, B4.7, AR/GW, 23 Nov. 1940, ‘The High Seas’; for Gore-Browne’s letter to Audrey Richards, see RB, AR Mss., S Gore-Browne/AR, 9 Nov. 1940; WP, B4.7, GW/AR, 28 Aug. 1939, [Livingstone]; AR/GW, 3 Sept. 1939, Johannesburg. See also B2, GW/MW, 6 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; WHP, Francis [House]/GW, 21 Oct. 1939, as from Geneva. See Alan Webster, Francis House obituary, The Guardian, 11 Sept. 2004. See also: WHP, MW/JH, [20 May 1939], [Livingstone]; WP, B4.8, Stephen [Usherwood]/GW, 31 May 1939, Old Coulsdon; WHP, MW/JH, 5 June [1940], Livingstone; WP, B3.2, [Dorothy] Wilson/GW, 27 Dec. [1940], Leominster; B3.3, Audrey Lawson/GW, 28 March 1941, Zomba.

63.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 21 May 1940, Broken Hill; MW/DH, 14 June [1940], Livingstone; MW/DH, 30 Aug. 1940, Livingstone; MW/DH, 22 Sept. [1940], Livingstone; WHP, MW/JH, 26 May [1940], Broken Hill; MW/JH, 5 June [1940], Livingstone; WP, B2, GW/MW, 4 Sept. 1939, Luanshya; GW/MW, 5 Sept. 1939, ‘on my way back to L’stone’.

64.WP, B2, GW/MW, 1 Sept. 1939, Lusaka. Brown advised that Godfrey continue in his job, and that he could not guarantee work in a ‘shell shock ward’: WHP, Leonard F. Brown/GW, 2 Oct. 1939, London; WP, B2, GW/MW, 9 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; WHP, MW/JH, 30 June [1940], Livingstone.

65.WP, B2, GW/MW, 4 Sept. 1939, Luanshya; GW/MW, 10 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 15 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 6 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 15 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; WHP, GW/Bishop of Southern Rhodesia, 2 Sept. 1940, Livingstone. For Paget’s reply, see WP, B4.10, Edward, Bishop of Southern Rhodesia/GW, 13 Sept. 1940, Penhalonga. The bishop’s ‘most courageous speech’, see WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 22 Sept. [1940], Livingstone.

66.WP, B2, GW/MW, 21 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 27 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; WHP, MW/JH, 28 July [1940], Livingstone; WP, B4.10, GW/Sir Richard Acland, n.p., n.d. See Richard Acland, Unser Kampf (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1940).

67.WHP, MW/JH, 10 Dec. [1939], Livingstone; MW/JH, 4 Aug. 1940, Livingstone; MW/JH, 17 Sept. 1940, [Livingstone]; GW/Governor, 2 Sept. 1940, Livingstone; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 11 Jan. 1941, Livingstone; WHP, MW/JH, 31 Jan. 1941, Livingstone; MW/JH, 2 Jan. 1940 [recte 1941], [Livingstone].

68.WP, B2, GW/MW, 19 Sept. 1939, Livingstone. Jack Krige got the Rhodes job. Hilda Kuper is quoted as saying that Krige had defended segregation on anthropological grounds. Godfrey commented: ‘The old zoo of tame animals again. I fear Rhodes has picked a bad ’un’: GW/MW, 13 Nov. 1939, Livingstone. For AR’s suggestion that Godfrey take over her position, see GW/MW, 12 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; WP, B2, GW/MW, 19 Sept. 1939, Livingstone, encl. copy GW/Governor and President of RLI, 19 Sept. 1939, [Livingstone]; RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, Minute to Trustees by Acting Financial Secretary, 26 Sept. 1939. Commenting on Godfrey’s letter, the Governor said ‘it would be a serious mistake not to keep the Institute going. It is doing work not only of scientific value per se but of future value in the administration.’

69.WP, B2, GW/MW, 14 Sept. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 20 Nov. 1939, Livingstone; RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, GW/Private Sec. (Vaughan-Jones), 20 Nov. 1939, [Livingstone]; WP, B2, GW/MW, 15 Nov. 1939, Livingstone; RB, RLI/A.16, GW/Sir Dougal Malcolm, 22 Nov. 1939, [Livingstone]; RLI/28/A.100, Margery Perham/GW, 23 Dec. 1939, [London]; GW/Margery Perham, 8 Jan 1940, Livingstone; GW/Margery Perham, 18 March 1940, [Livingstone]; Margery Perham/GW, 21 June 1940, [London].

70.RB, RLI/A.16, GW/Sir Dougal Malcolm, 22 Nov. 1939, [Livingstone]; WHP, MW/JH, 19 Jan. 1939, Broken Hill; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 26 Jan. 1939, Broken Hill; WHP, MW/JH, 14 Feb. 1939, Broken Hill.

71.RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, GW, ‘Minute submitted to the Board of Trustees of the Rhodes Livingstone Institute on the subject of a long-term policy’, 3 March 1940; GW, ‘Draft of Proposals to be Forwarded by the Board to the Colonial Research Advisory Committee’, 3 March 1940. These plans were later followed by Max Gluckman: see WP, B4.11, Gluckman/GW, 15 Oct. 1941, Livingstone, encl. Gluckman, ‘Minute to the Trustees of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute on the future of the Institute and Museum in relation to possible provision of colonial research funds, 8 October 1941’; Gluckman, ‘Comments (October, 1941) on Mr. G. Wilson’s minutes of 3rd March, 1941’; Gluckman/Governor, 26 June 1943. In July 1943 Gluckman acknowledged to Godfrey that his post-war expansion plans were based on Godfrey’s 1940 proposals: WP, B2, GW/MW, 24 July 1943, UDF, MEF; WP, B2, GW/MW, 18 Nov. 1939, ‘Still Livingstone!’; Godfrey submitted a memorandum to the Commission of Inquiry into the 1940 disturbances, and argued the case for better living conditions: RB, RLI, Mss. Collection, GW/Secretary, Commission of Inquiry into the Copper-Belt Disturbances, 21 May 1940, encl. ‘Memorandum on the relative lack of social tensions at Broken Hill’, 21 May 1940; WHP, Labour Troubles and Anthropological Work, R.H. Hemans (Compound Manager)/GW, 4 April 1940, Broken Hill; J. Moore (Secretary)/GW, 11 April 1940, Broken Hill; GW/Secretary, Broken Hill Management Board, 15 April 1940, Broken Hill; T.R. Pickard (General Manager)/GW, 19 April 1940, Broken Hill; GW/General Manager, 23 April 1940, Broken Hill; (i) notes of meetings with Hemans, Location Supervisor, and Young, 5 April 1940 (ii) notes of meetings with Hemans and Prichard [recte Pickard], 12 April [1940] (iii) notes of meetings with Bloomfield, Chair Broken Hill Management Board, and others, 12 and 15 April 1940. Monica reported on some of these events: WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 21 April [1940], Broken Hill.

72.WHP, Labour Troubles and Ban on Anthropological Work, T.R. Pickard, General Manager/GW, 15 Aug. 1940, Broken Hill; GW/Governor, 27 April 1940, Broken Hill; RB, RLI/A.25/A.126, [GW], ‘Report on the position of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute in May 1940’, 6 May 1940; Minute Book 11, 2 June 1940; WHP, Labour Troubles and Ban on Anthropological Work, T. Maugham Jones, for Chief Sec./GW, 27 Sept. 1940, Lusaka; RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, Minutes of Emergency Meeting Board of Trustees to consider position of the Institute and staff during the war, 22 Sept. 1940.

73.RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/3, Minutes of meeting of Board of Trustees, Government House, Lusaka, 27 Oct. 1940; GW/Governor, 31 Oct. 1940, [Livingstone]. Governor’s description of the affair, see B1/4/Misc/6/1, J.A. Maybin/R.E. Boyd (Colonial Office), 14 Feb. 1941. For appreciation of the RLI’s work, see Secretariat minute of 18 Feb. 1941.

74.WP, B4.7, GW/AR, [31 Oct. 1940], [Livingstone]; AR/GW, 31 Oct. 1940; AR/[Secretary, RLI Board of Trustees], 6 Nov. 1940, Johannesburg; AR/GW, 6 Nov. 1940, Johannesburg; RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, J.D. Clark/Trustees, 27 Nov. 1940; WP, B4.7, AR/GW, 23 Nov. 1940, ‘The High Seas’. For Audrey’s doubts about the role of the RLI, see RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, AR/Dougal O. Malcolm, 12 Jan. 1941; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 28 Oct. 1940, [Livingstone]; B4.7, GW/AR, 31 Dec. 1940, Livingstone.

75.RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, AR/Sir John Maybin, 3 Jan. 1941; AR/J.D. Clark, 12 Jan. 1941. Regarding Audrey’s suggestion, see RLI/Minute Book 17, 20 March 1941; WP, B4.7, AR/GW, 12 Jan. 1941, Oxford; GW/AR, 22 March 1941, Livingstone; RB, RLI/A.154, Max Gluckman/MW and GW, 14 Sept. 1942; RB, NAZ, B1/4/Misc/6/1, GW/Governor J.A. Maybin, 17 Feb. 1941.

76.WP, B2, GW/MW, 1 Oct. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 6 Oct. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 16 Nov. 1939; B4.7, GW/AR, 18 March 1939, Broken Hill; AR/GW, 2 Nov. 1939, Leribe, Basutoland; E2.3, [GW], ‘General conditions and structure of compounds, Facts Required on Detribalization’, n.d., but 1939; [GW], ‘Economic Scheme’, n.d., but 1939; E9.4, [GW], ‘Lines of Investigation’, 21 Feb. 1939; B5.1, MW/DH, 6 March 1939, Broken Hill; MW/DH, 26 Feb. 1940, Broken Hill; E3.1.1, ‘Outline Biographies of Men in the Town Compound, 1939–40’: see, for example, interview with E.C. Makato, from Kasungu; for Godfrey’s analysis in relation to Robinson, see Hugh Macmillan, ‘From “Rational Divines” to the Northern Rhodesian Mines – Christianity, Political Economy and Social Anthropology in Southern Africa’, Monica Hunter Wilson Centenary Conference, 24–26 June 2008; Robinson, ‘The Economic Problem’; Monica meets Robinson 1932: p. 83 of this volume.

77.B5.1, MW/DH, 9 Feb. 1939, Broken Hill; MW/DH, 20 March 1939, Broken Hill; WHP, MW/JH, 22 March [1939], Broken Hill; MW/JH, 28 April [1939], Livingstone; WPU, [MW] file: ‘Talks to Women’s Auxiliary, Broken Hill, 1940’, Dec. 1939.

78.WP, B5.1, telegram GW/Hunter, 18 May 1939; WHP, MW/JH, 1 April [1939], Broken Hill; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 19 July 1939, Livingstone; MW/DH, 19 July 1939, Livingstone; MW/DH, 5 May 1939, Livingstone; MW/DH, 17 May [1939], Livingstone; MW/DH, 11 June [1939], [Livingstone]; MW/DH, 24 June [1939], [Livingstone]; WHP, MW/JH, 17 June [1939], [Livingstone]; MW/JH, 29 June [1939], Livingstone; MW/JH, 26 July [1939], Livingstone; MW/JH, 24 Aug. [1939], Livingstone; WP, B2, GW/MW, 11 Oct. 1939, Livingstone; GW/MW, 10 Nov. 1939, ‘In train’; B1, MW/GW, [13] and 15 Nov. [1939], Lovedale.

79.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 10 Dec. 1939, Broken Hill; MW/DH, 20 Dec. 1939, Broken Hill; WHP, MW/JH, ‘Easter Day’ [24 March] 1940, Broken Hill; MW/JH, 1 April 1940, Broken Hill; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 6 May 1940, Broken Hill; MW/DH, 21 April [1940], Broken Hill.

80.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 21 April [1940], Broken Hill; WHP, MW/JH, 12 May [1940], Broken Hill; MW/JH, 4 Aug. 1940, Livingstone; MW/JH, 23 Aug. 1940, Livingstone; WP, B4.7, GW/AR, 28 Aug. 1941, Livingstone.

81.WHP, MW/JH, 21 Jan. [1940], Broken Hill; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 16 Jan. 1940, Broken Hill; MW/DH, 23 July 1940, Livingstone; WPU, (a) MS notes on ‘anthropology’, Methodist Women’s Auxiliary, Broken Hill, March 1940; (b) TS, Broken Hill March 29th 1940, ‘Meeting of Methodist Women’s Auxiliary’; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 4 March 1940, Broken Hill; E9.9, [GW papers, but by MW], ‘African Dance. Broken Hill. March 2nd 1940: Frocks, Men’s clothes; Comments of Europeans’. Godfrey’s description of Ndola dancers swaggering into town: [GW], 4 March 1940, plus flyer for the dance competition. See also, e.g., WPU, [talk by MW], ‘Donas [white female employers] are always right. Broken Hill, March 29th 1940’.

82.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 29 Dec. 1939, Broken Hill; MW/DH, 16 Jan. 1940, Broken Hill; MW/DH, 29 Dec. 1939, Broken Hill; WHP, GW/Alfred Zimmern, 9 Jan. 1940, as from Livingstone; MW/JH, 27 Nov. [1940], Livingstone; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 21 May 1940, Broken Hill; WHP, MW/JH, 29 Sept. 1940, Livingstone; MW/JH, 13 Oct. 1940, Livingstone; MW/JH, 2 Jan. 1941, Livingstone; RB, RLI, PR 18, GW/Margaret Wrong, 29 Sept. 1940.

83.WP, E9.16, GW, ‘Research on disequilibrium’, [c. 1939–40]; LSE, Richards/1/28, MW/AR, 29 April 1940, Livingstone; WP, B4.7, GW/AR, 13 Dec. 1939, [Livingstone].

84.WP, B4.7, AR/GW, 3 April 1939, Rustenburg; AR/GW, 26 April 1940, Johannesburg (postcard). See AR, Bemba Marriage and Present Economic Conditions (Livingstone: RLI, 1940); WP, B4.7, AR/GW and MW, 7 May 1940, Johannesburg; AR/GW and MW, 10 Feb. 1940, Oxford, encl. 3 pp. comments on ‘Disequilibrium’ draft; GW/AR, 26 March 1940, Broken Hill; GW/AR, 16 Nov. 1940; AR/GW, 31 March 1940, Johannesburg; WHP, Draft, Nov. 1940, of GW Economics of Detribalization, Part 1, with pencilled comments by AR; WP, B4.7, GW/AR, 19 July 1940, Livingstone; AR/GW, 24 July 1940, Johannesburg. See M. Fortes and E.E. Evans-Pritchard, eds, African Political Systems (London: OUP, 1940); WP, B4.7, AR/GW, 7 July 1941, London; B6.14, MW/AR, 29 August 1940, Livingstone. For correspondence about Godfrey’s Economics of Detribalization, and subsequent comment, see B4.7, AR/GW, 18 Oct. 1940 ‘or thereabouts’, Johannesburg; GW/AR, 24 Oct. 1940, Livingstone; AR/GW, 10 Nov. 1940, Johannesburg, encl. ‘Notes on Mr. Wilson’s Memo’ requested by AR from Wits economist J.N. Reedman; GW/AR, 16 Nov. 1940, Livingstone.

85.WP, B6.14, MW/AR, 29 April 1940, Broken Hill.

86.WP, B4.7, GW/AR, 24 Oct. 1940, Livingstone.

87.WHP, MW/JH, 1 Nov. 1940, Livingstone; MW/JH, 13 Nov. [1940], Livingstone; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 6 Nov. [1940], Livingstone; MW/DH, 21 Nov. 1940, Livingstone; MW/DH, 2 March 1941, Livingstone; B4.1, Desmond [Houghton]/GW, 30 Nov. 1940, Potchefstroom; B3.1, John Dover Wilson/GW, 9 Jan. 1941, Balerno; B3.2, [Dorothy Wilson]/GW, 10 Dec. [1940], Balerno.

88.RB, RLI/I.31/A.129, A.J. Cross (Secretary, GMCNR)/GW, 24 Jan. 1941; GW/Rev. A.J. Cross, 30 Jan. 1941; WP, E12, ‘Director’s Report to the Trustees of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute on the Work of the First Three Years (1938–9–40)’, March 1941.

89.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 17 March 1941, Livingstone; WHP, MW/JH, 14 Feb. [1941], Livingstone; MW/JH, 10 March 1941, Livingstone; MW/JH, 24 March 1941, Livingstone.

90.WHP, MW/JH, 4 April 1941, Bulawayo. Ellen’s husband was Joseph Michael Hellman, an attorney.

CHAPTER 9

1.WHP, MW/JH, 15 April 1940 [recte 1941], Fish Hoek; MW/JH, 29 April 1941, Fish Hoek; MW/JH, 8 May [1941], Fish Hoek.

2.Council for World Mission Archive, School of African and Oriental Studies, London, LMS/Central Africa Corr./32B, Copperbelt 1938 and 1939, Moore/Cocker Brown, 20 Dec. 1940, Mindolo. R.J.B. Moore, These African Copper Miners (London: Livingstone Press, 1948). He sent Godfrey detailed responses to The Economics of Detribalization, which he also reviewed in African Studies, 1, 3 (1942): 228–229.

3.WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 22 April 1941, Fish Hoek; WHP, MW/JH, 23 May 1941, Clifton-on-Sea; WP, B5.1, MW/DH, 31 May 1941, [Clifton]. See J.S. Marais, The Cape Coloured People, 1652–1937 (London: Longmans, 1939); WHP, MW/JH, 5 June 1941, [Clifton]. Murray later gave evidence for the State in the Treason Trial of 1956–61.

4.WHP, MW/JH, [20 June 1941], [Cape Town]; WP, AA1.1, DH Pocket Diary, 27 June 1941; B5.1, MW/DH, 17 May 1941, Clifton; MW/DH, 31 May 1941, [Clifton].

5.WP, B4.12, Isaac Schapera/Registrar, Rhodes University College, 29 Sept. 1941, Cape Town; Isaac Schapera/GW, 29 Sept. 1941, Cape Town; B4.11, Max Gluckman/GW, 4 Nov. 1941, Livingstone; B4.10, GW/Sec. Colonial Research Committee; Chief Sec. Tanganyika Territory; Principal, Hertford College, Oxford; Acting Dir., RLI, 3 and 4 Nov. 1941, Hunterstoun, via Alice. Godfrey suggested that his and Monica’s evidence, texts and observations should either be deposited in major libraries or published; see for instance the ‘Select Documents’ which comprise 93 of the 278 pages of Monica’s later Nyakyusa monograph Good Company. Gluckman’s efforts are apparent in WP, B4.11, particularly in Betty [Clark]/GW, 27 Jan. 1942, Livingstone, encl. ‘Minutes of a meeting of the Trustees held at Government House, Lusaka, on January 8th 1942’ (which he unofficially sent to Godfrey). WP, B4.12, GW/Registrar, Rhodes University College, 2 Oct. 1941, Hunterstoun, via Alice. The job went to Eileen Krige, whose husband Jack Krige was Senior Lecturer in Social Anthropology and Head of the Department of Bantu Studies at Rhodes, see Hammond-Tooke, Imperfect Interpreters: 87–89.

6.Meyer Fortes, for instance, thought that social anthropology was not yet capable of supporting the theoretical elaborations of The Economics of Detribalization: WP, B4.3, Meyer Fortes/GW, 25 Dec. 1941, Lagos; C6, various policy documents of the Association of Scientific Workers and issues of The Scientific Worker from 1941; Q1, issues of The Christian News-Letter, voice of the Council on the Christian Faith and the Common Life, 1939–1941.

7.Int. SM/FW (i); WP, AA1.1, DH Pocket Diaries, 27 June 1941 to 13 May 1942; B2, GW/MW, 27 May 1943, UDF, MEF.

8.Int. SM/FW (i).

9.WP, B2, GW/MW, 7 April 1943, APO Durban; GW/MW, 17 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 27–28 June 1942, SAMC Training Centre. DH’s pocket diaries have many references to timber in 1942 and early 1943; AA1.1, DH Pocket Diary, 1 June 1943; Miss Harber is first mentioned in DH’s diaries on 21 Oct. 1942, and seems to have started work the next month: 2 Nov. 1942. Jessie left £500 to May Harber, ‘in token of the devoted service she has rendered’: AA17, DA Hunter: Obituaries, Undated copy of Jessie Hunter will. However, Miss Harber predeceased her, in November 1948: AA1.1, DH Pocket Diary, 11 Nov. 1948.

10.WP, B6.6, Max Gluckman/MW, 15 Aug. 1942, Mongu. There is similar correspondence between Monica and Max Gluckman in RB, RLI; AA1.1, DH Pocket Diary, 3 Aug. 1943; B2, GW/MW, 6 June [recte July] [1942], 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 11 Feb. 1943, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; B4.13, [George] Turner/‘Dr. Monica Hunter’, 23 Dec. 1943, Makerere; GW and MW/[Turner], 8 Jan. 1944, Hogsback; [Turner]/GW and MW, 21 Jan. 1944; [Turner]/GW, 15 March 1944, Makerere; GW and MW/Turner, 27 Feb. 1944, Hogsback. Late in 1944, Turner suggested that when the planned East African Institute of Social Research came into existence, it would suit Monica better than the College itself: Turner/MW, 12 Oct. 1944, Makerere.

11.WP, B2, GW/MW, 15 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre; Department of Defence Archive, Pretoria, WR 12/21728, ‘Godfrey Baldwin Wilson, Record of Service’. For life in the South African army at the time, see Neil Roos, Ordinary Springboks: White Servicemen and Social Justice in South Africa, 1939–1961 (Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate, 2005); WP, B2, GW/MW, 24 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre, Premier Camp; GW/MW, 26 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 8 June 1942, ‘Bivouac’.

12.WP, B2, GW/MW, 27/28 June 1942, FMD; GW/MW, 19 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 22 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre.

13.WP, B2, GW/MW, 26 Sept. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, April 1943, ‘at sea’; GW/MW, 12 Sept. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 26 Sept. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth.

14.WP, B2, GW/MW, 16 June 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 5 July 1942, FMS.

15.WP, B2, GW/MW, 25 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 26 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 27–28 June 1942, FMD; GW/MW, 2 July 1942, FMS.

16.WP, B2, GW/MW, 26 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 16 June 1942, SAMC Training Centre.

17.WP, B2, GW/MW, 28 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 30 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre.

18.WP, B2, GW/MW, 3 June 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 8 June 1942, ‘Bivouac’; GW/MW, 2 July 1942, FMD.

19.WP, B2, GW/MW, 13 June 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 15 July 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 21 Oct. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth.

20.WP, B2, GW/MW, 13 June 1942, SAMC Training Centre.

21.WP, B2, GW/MW, 11 June 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 13 June 1942, SAMC Training Centre; Department of Defence Archive, Pretoria, WR 12/21728, ‘Godfrey Baldwin Wilson, Record of Service’; WP, B2, GW/MW, 19 June 1942, FMD; GW/MW, 24 June 1942, FMD; GW/MW, 27/8 June 1942, FMD; GW/MW, 30 June 1942, FMD; GW/MW, 5 & 7 July 1942, FMD; GW/MW, 27–28 June 1942, FMD; GW/MW, 30 June 1942, FMD.

22.WP, B2, GW/MW, 26 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 12 Sept. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 7 Jan. 1943, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 14 Oct. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; Department of Defence Archive, Pretoria, WR 12/21728, ‘Godfrey Baldwin Wilson, Record of Service’; WP, B2, GW/MW, 17 July 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 18 Sept. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth.

23.WP, B2, GW/MW, 15 July 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 16 July 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 9 Jan. 1943, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 22 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; for Kent and scouts, see GW/MW, 18 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 26 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 30 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth.

24.WP, B2, GW/MW, 22 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 28 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre; GW/MW, 30 June 1942, FMD; GW/MW, 17 May 1942, SAMC Training Centre; B4.8, Stephen [Usherwood]/GW, 17 April 1941, Basingstoke; [Usherwood]/GW, 20 Oct. 1941, ‘In a train’. Also, [Usherwood]/GW, 24 Dec. 1942, n.p. See also B2, GW/MW, 3 June 1942, SAMC Training Centre. Monica seems also to have been in touch with Usherwood: GW/MW, 10 April 1943, APO Durban.

25.WP, B2, GW/MW, 3 Jan. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 16 Sept. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth. See G.H.C. Macgregor, The New Testament Basis of Pacifism (London: J. Clarke, 1937); B4.10, GW/Prof. E.H. Carr, 20 Jan. 1943, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth. For Carr’s reply, see B2, GW/MW, 2 Sept. 1943, APO Durban; GW/MW, 3 Jan. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth. Also GW/MW, 5 Jan. 1943, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 9 Jan. 1943, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 14 Jan. 1943, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth. See Carr, The Twenty Years Crisis, 1919–1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations (London: Macmillan, 1939), and Conditions of Peace (London: Macmillan, 1942); GW/MW, 24 Oct. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth.

26.WP, B2, GW/MW, 30 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 17 and 18 Oct. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 26 Sept. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 6 Nov. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth.

27.Visits compiled from letters and DH pocket diaries; interview SM/Joe Matthews, Rosebank, Johannesburg, 20 Nov. 2006 (int. SM/JM); WP, B2, GW/MW, 27 July 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 16 Jan. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 27 Dec. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth.

28.WP, B2, GW/MW, 6 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 9 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 21 Jan. 1943, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 12 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 16 Sept. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth.

29.WP, B2, GW/MW, 17 and 18 Oct. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 16 April 1943, APO Durban. See Nicodemus [Melville Chaning-Pearce], Renascence: An Essay in Faith (London: Faber, 1943); GW/MW, 11 Sept. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth.

30.WP, B2, GW/MW, 25 June 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 21 July 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 27 June 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 7 Aug. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 27 June 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 18 Aug. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 21 July 1943, UDF, MEF.

31.WP, B2, GW/MW, 6 Oct. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 1 Aug. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 28 Aug. 1943, UDF, MEF

32.WP, B2, GW/MW, 23 Nov. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; GW/MW, 1 June 1943, UDF, MEF.

33.WP, F1, Notes and Drafts [1942–1944]; WPU, MW/Carlo Rossetti, 18 June 1977, Hogsback; WP, B2, GW/MW, 31 March 1943, [Zonderwater]; GW/MW, 12 Sept. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 28 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 2 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 14 Jan. 1943, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 10 April 1942, APO Durban; GW/MW, 10 Oct. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth.

34.WPU, file: Analysis of Social Change: Business, MW/J.E. Goldthorpe, 10 Feb. 1968, [Cape Town]; WP, B2, GW/MW, 22 Aug. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 12 April 1942, APO Durban; int. SM/JC and JC.

35.WP, B2, GW/MW, 3 Dec. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 10 Dec. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth. Monica was indeed pregnant with ‘Jane/Timothy’: GW/MW, 7 Jan. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 11 Feb. 1942, 2 FMD, Port Elizabeth; GW/MW, 24 March 1943, APO Durban; Audrey Richards MSS, GW/AR, April 1943, as transcribed by AR and sent to Richard Brown; WP, B2, GW/MW, 7 April 1943, APO Durban; GW/MW, 10 April 1943, APO Durban; GW/MW, 16 April 1943, APO Durban: postscript 18 April; GW/MW, April 1943, ‘Somewhere at sea’, APO Durban; GW/MW, April 1943, ‘at sea’, APO Durban; GW/MW, April 1943, ‘at sea’, APO Durban; Department of Defence Archive, Pretoria, WR 12/21728, ‘Godfrey Baldwin Wilson, Record of Service’.

36.WP, B2, GW/MW, May 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 3 June 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 11 Aug. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 23 June 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 18 July 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 25 Aug. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 9 June 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 4 July 1943, UDF, MEF.

37.WP, B2, GW/MW, 7 May 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 29 May 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 27 June 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 12 Sept. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 19 Sept. 1943, UDF, MEF.

38.WP, B2, GW/MW, 13 June 1943, UDF, MEF; Department of Defence Archive, Pretoria, WR 12/21728, ‘Godfrey Baldwin Wilson, Record of Service’. Godfrey was awarded a ‘distinguished pass’ in his hygiene course; WP, B2, GW/MW, 11 Aug. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 13 Aug. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 17 Aug. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 20 Aug. 1943, UDF, MEF.

39.WP, B2, GW/MW, 13 June 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 19 June 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 8 July 1943, UDF, MEF.

40.WP, B2, GW/MW, 29 July 1943, UDF, MEF. For more on miracles, see GW/MW, 15 Sept. 1943, [UDF, MEF].

41.WP, B2, GW/MW, 27 June 1943, UDF, MEF. Also GW/MW, 17 July 1943, UDF, MEF.

42.WP, B2, GW/MW, 17 May 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, April 1943, ‘somewhere at sea’.

43.WP, B2, GW/MW, 16 June 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 5 July 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 28 July 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 1 June 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, May 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 13 June 1943, UDF, MEF.

44.WP, B2, GW/MW, 1 June 1943, UDF, MEF. HJ van Eck, Third Interim Report of the Industrial and Agricultural Requirements Commission: Fundamentals of Economic Policy in the Union (Pretoria: Government Printer, 1941); Guy Butler, Bursting World: An Autobiography (1936–45) (Cape Town: David Philip, 1983), pp. 169–170; GW/MW, 3 June 1943, UDF, MEF.

45.See, for instance, Bill Davidson, ‘The Cairo Forces Parliament’, Labour History Review, 55, 3 (1990): 20–26; Roos, Ordinary Springboks.

46.WP, B2, GW/MW, 2 July 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 5 Sept. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 8 Sept. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 12 Sept. 1943, UDF, MEF.

47.WP, B2, GW/MW, May 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 25 May 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 23 June 1943, UDF, MEF; interview John Pampallis/Wolfie Kodesh, May–June 1989. I am grateful to John and Karin Pampallis for access to these interviews. Francis Wilson also interviewed Kodesh on 31 March 1998, specifically about his relationship with Godfrey, though much of the recording is inaudible.

48.WP, B2, GW/MW, 5 Sept. 1943, UDF, MEF. Though fluent in Latin, classical Greek, French, chiNyakyusa and chiBemba, the army classified Godfrey as ‘unilingual’: Department of Defence Archive, Pretoria, WR 12/21728, ‘Godfrey Baldwin Wilson, Record of Service’; WP, B2, GW/MW, 8 Sept. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 20 Sept. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 21 Sept. 1943, UDF, MEF. See Donald Winch, Guy Routh, 1916–1993: obituary, Suss-ex Club Newsletter, 22 (2012), http://www.sussex.ac.uk/suss-ex/Newsletter22.html, accessed 23 Dec. 2013; Guy Routh, The Origin of Economic Ideas (New York: Vintage Books, 1977).

49.WP, B2, GW/MW, 23 Sept. 1943, R & T Depot, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 14 Oct. 1943, R & T Depot, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 2 Nov. 1943, R & T Depot, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 22 Oct. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; Department of Defence Archive, Pretoria, WR 12/21728, ‘Godfrey Baldwin Wilson, Record of Service’; WP, B2, GW/MW, 24 Aug. 1943, UDF, MEF; GW/MW, 27 Oct. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte. Monica’s UCT colleague David Welsh thought Monica had a ‘blind spot’ about Afrikaners: int. SM/David Welsh and Virginia van der Vliet, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 20 Feb. 2012 (int. SM/DW & VvdV).

50.WP, B2, GW/MW, 29 Oct. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; GW/MW, 27 Oct. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; Bruce K. Murray, Wits: the ‘Open’ Years (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1997), pp. 21–22.

51.WP, B2, GW/MW, 29 Oct. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; GW/MW, 2 Nov. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte. See E.G. Malherbe, Never a Dull Moment (Cape Town: Howard Timmins, 1981); E. Pratt Yule, ‘Bernard Notcutt: A Tribute’, Theoria, 1953: 78; GW/MW, 6 Nov. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte. See Bettie du Toit, Ukubamba Amadolo: Workers’ Struggles in the South African Textile Industry (London: Onyx Press, 1978); GW/MW, 28 Nov. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; GW/MW, 5 Dec. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; GW/MW, 22 April 1944, E[ngineer] T[raining] C[entre], Zonderwater.

52.WP, B2, GW/MW, 15 Nov. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; GW/MW, 17 Nov. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; GW/MW, 24 Nov. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; A1.4, ‘Notice of approval of promotion to A/Lt. w.e.f. 24.11.1943’; Adjutant-General/GW, 3 Dec. 1943; B2, GW/MW, 28 Nov. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; GW/MW, 25 Nov. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; GW/MW, 10 Dec. 1943, Voortrekkerhoogte; Department of Defence Archive, Pretoria, WR 12/21728, ‘Godfrey Baldwin Wilson, Record of Service’. For Clairwood, see Gerry R. Rubin, Durban 1942: A British Troopship Revolt (London: Hambledon Press, 1992); WP, B2, GW/MW, 24 Nov. 1943, [Voortrekkerhoogte]. For Oribi, see John Deane, ‘Three Camps of World War II’, in J. Laband and R. Haswell, eds, Pietermaritzburg 1838–1938: A New Portrait of an African City (Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press, 1988), pp. 110-113; GW/MW, 18 Jan. 1943, ‘on train’.

53.WP, A1.14, MW/Leonard Browne, draft, n.d. [but 28 Oct. 1944], n.p. [prob. Alice]; Department of Defence Archive, Pretoria, WR 12/21728, ‘Godfrey Baldwin Wilson, Record of Service’; WP, B2, GW/MW, 20 [Jan. 1944], Zonderwater; GW/MW, 25 Jan. [1944], Zonderwater; GW/MW, 28 Feb. [1944], Zonderwater; GW/MW, 27 Jan. 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 2 Feb. 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 13 April 1944, Zonderwater.

54.WP, B2, GW/MW, 9 Feb. 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 18 [Feb.] 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 22 April 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 22 Jan. 1944, Zonderwater.

55.WP, B2, GW/MW, 9 Feb. 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 22 Feb. 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 15 April 1944, Zonderwater. See Report of the Witwatersrand Mine Natives’ Wages Commission on the Remuneration and Conditions of Employment of Natives on Witwatersrand Gold Mines, and Regulation and Conditions of Employment of Natives at Transvaal Undertakings of Victoria Falls and Transvaal Power Company, Limited, 1943 (Pretoria: Government Printer, 1944); C7, GW talks, essays, workshops, 1942–1944.

56.WP, B2, GW/MW, 20 [Jan. 1944], Zonderwater; GW/MW, 27 Jan. 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 22 Feb. 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 24 Feb. 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 28 Feb. 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 15 April 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 7 April. 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 5 Feb. 1944, Zonderwater; WHP, Capt. F.J. Hood [Robin]/MW, n.d. [but Sept. 1944], UDF, CMF [North Italy]; Bob Crozier/MW, 23 May 1944, Healdtown; WP, B2, GW/MW, 9 April [1944], Zonderwater.

57.WP, B2, GW/MW, 11 March [recte April] 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 13 April 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 25 April 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 5 May 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 8 May 1944, Voortrekkerhoogte; A1.10, Application for permit for conveyance of motor car by rail, signed 8 May 1944. The application is for 1 June. Possibly this form and another for a supplementary petrol allowance were never submitted; B2, GW/MW, ‘Monday’ [March 1944], Zonderwater; GW/MW, 4 April 1944, Zonderwater.

58.WP, B2, GW/MW, 13 Feb. 1944, Johannesburg; GW/MW, 25 [Feb. 1944], Zonderwater; A1.14, Dr Morris J. Cohen/GW, 21 Feb. 1944, Johannesburg. For Cohen, see obituary in South African Medical Journal, 37, 17 Aug. 1963: 853; A1.14, Leonard F. Browne/MW, 20 Aug. 1944, London; B2, GW/MW, 8 May 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 29 April 1944, Zonderwater.

59.WP, B2, GW/MW, 28 Feb. 1944, Zonderwater; GW/MW, 20 April 1944, Zonderwater. In early 1944 Monica told Audrey Richards they had nearly completed the book: B6.20, MW/AR, n.d., n.p. (draft), but early 1944; B2, GW/MW, 14 May 1944, [Voortrekkerhoogte]. A notebook dated 15 May 1944 contains notes on demobilisation and on the Broederbond: C8, notebook; B2, GW/MW, 14 May 1944, [Voortrekkerhoogte].

60.Department of Defence Archive, Pretoria, WR 12/21728, Godfrey Baldwin Wilson, ‘Record of Service, Form of Information of Death’, 27 May 1944; int. SM/FW (i); WHP, MW Journal, Aug. 1953, n.p.; see http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/994165/WILSON,%20GODFREY, accessed 6 Feb. 2016; WP, B5.1, telegram from MW to Hunter, 19 April [recte May] 1944. Among the books Godfrey had with him at the time of his death were a New Testament; Carr’s Conditions of Peace; De Kiewiet’s A History of South Africa; Dover Wilson’s The Fortunes of Falstaff; Smith’s Last Train from Berlin; Quiggin’s Haddon the Head-hunter; two works by John Maynard on Russia; and Practical Afrikaans for English-speaking Students: A1.14, Copy of Inventory of No. 315699 V Lt. GB Wilson: AES (V). Lost in transit, Monica never received any of these or other personal effects.