SOURCES
Key
CV Confederate Veteran
CWH Civil War History
RMC Robert Mainfort Collection
SHC/UNCCH Southern History Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
SHSP Southern Historical Society Papers
THQ Tennessee Historical Quarterly
TSLA Tennessee State Library and Archives (Nashville)
WTHSP West Tennessee Historical Society Papers
Adams, Virginia M., ed. On the Altar of Freedom: A Black Soldier’s Civil War Letters from the Front: Corporal James Henry Gooding. New York, NY, 1991.
Adler, Mortimer J., Charles Van Doren, and George Ducas, eds. The Negro in American History. 3 vols. Chicago, IL, 1969.
Agnew, Samuel A. “Battle of Tishomingo Creek.” CV, September 1900.
Agnew, Samuel. “Diary.” SHC/UNCCH.
Albert, Octavia V. Rogers. The House of Bondage, or Charlotte Brooks and other Slaves. New York, NY, 1890.
Aldrich, Charles. “Incidents Connected with the History of the Thirty-second Iowa Infantry.” Iowa Journal, January 1906.
Allen, W. B. with George Albright and C. D. Covington. CV. Letter to the Editor. July 1899.
Alley, John. “The Memoirs of John Marshall Alley.” United States Civil War Center. Louisiana State University. Baton Rouge, LA.
American Missionary Association. History of the American Missionary Association: Its Churches and Educational Institutions among the Freedmen, Indians, and Chinese, with Illustrative Facts and Anecdotes. New York, NY, 1874.
———. Papers. TSLA.
———. Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the American Missionary Association. New York, NY, 1871.
Anders, Leslie. “Confederate Dead at Lone Jack.” Prairie Gleaner, December 1989.
Anderson, Charles W. “Col. Wiley M. Reed.” CV, March 1897.
———. “The True Story of Fort Pillow.” CV, September 1886.
Andrews, William L., ed. From Fugitive Slave to Free Man: The Autobiographies of William Wells Brown. New York, NY, 1993.
———. Army of the Cumberland. Philadelphia, PA, 1863.
———. Historical Atlas of Cooper County, Missouri. Boonesville, MO, 1897.
———. History of Rush County, Indiana. 1888. Reprinted Knightstown, IN, 1966.
———. History of Tennessee: From the Earliest Time to the Present; Together with an Historical and a Biographical Sketch of Lauderdale, Tipton, Haywood, and Crockett Counties; Besides a Valuable Fund of Notes, Reminiscences, Etc., Etc. 1886. Reprinted Greenville, SC, 1997.
———. Old Times in West Tennessee. Memphis, TN, 1873.
Anonymous. “Capt. Thomas A. Bottom.” CV, September 1900.
———. Editorial. Anglo African, April 23, 1864.
———. “James W. Joplin and Family: Six Sons Were Confederate Soldiers.” CV, November 1896.
———. “McCulloch Cousins Survive Civil War Together.” Historical Society at Pilot Grove, Missouri. Undated. [1885?]
———. “Rebel Atrocities.” Harper’s Weekly, May 21, 1864.
———. “Request for Information.” CV, July 1909.
———. “Reunion of Forrest’s Escort,” CV, March 1894.
———. “Robert A. McCulloch.” CV, April 1905.
———. “The Last Roll: Gen. Tyree H. Bell.” CV, October 1902.
———. “Visit to Historic Ground.” Memphis Argus, September 10, 1865. RMC.
———. “When Will Popa Come?” CV, September 1896.
Aptheker, Herbert. To Be Free. New York, NY, 1991.
Armstrong, Orland Kay. Old Massa’s People: The Old Slaves Tell Their Story. Indianapolis, 1951.
Armstrong, William M. “Cahaba to Charleston: The Prison Odyssey of Lt. Edmund E. Ryan.” CWH, June 1962.
Ash, Stephen V., ed. Secessionists and Other Scoundrels: Selections from Parson Brownlow’s Book. Baton Rouge, LA, 1999.
Atkinson, J. H., ed. “A Civil War Letter of Captain Elliott Fletcher, Jr.” Arkansas Historical Quarterly 22, no. 1 (1963): 49-54.
Atlanta Confederacy in Charleston Mercury. May 6, 1864.
Bailey, Fred Arthur. Class and Tennessee’s Confederate Generation. Chapel Hill, NC, 1987.
Bailey, Robert. “The ‘Bogus’ Memphis Union Appeal: A Union Newspaper in Occupied Confederate Territory.” WTHSP (1978).
Baker, Pansy N., and Charlotte S. Reynolds. Weakley Remembered. 3 vols. Bradford, TN, 1982.
Baker, T. Lindsay, and Julie P. Baker, eds. The WPA Oklahoma Slave Narratives. Norman, OK, 1996.
Ballard, Elsie Miner. “James Dick Davis: (1810-1880): A Genealogical Sketch.” WTHSP (1975).
Ballard, Michael B. A Long Shadow: Jefferson Davis and the Final Days of the Confederacy. Jackson, MS, 1986.
Bancroft, Frederic. Slave Trading in the Old South. 1931. Reprinted New York, NY, 1959.
———. Papers. Box 11, Columbia University Special Collections.
Barber, William. Letters. Jerome Library, Bowling Green State University.
Barnes, William H. History of the Thirty-ninth Congress of the United States. 1866. Reprinted New York, NY, 1969.
Basler, Roy P. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. 8 vols. New Brunswick, NJ, 1953.
Bates, Samuel P. History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-1865. 4 vols. Harrisburg, PA, 1869.
Baylor, Orval Walker. Early Times in Washington County. Cynthiana, KY, 1942.
Beard, Augustus Field. A Crusade of Brotherhood: A History of the American Missionary Association. Boston, MA, 1909.
Bears, Edwin C. Forrest at Brice’s Cross Roads and in North Mississippi in 1864. Day-ton, OH, 1991.
Beckham, Elihu C. “Where Was I and What I Saw during the Late War.” Melbourne [AR] Times, September 6, 1906.
Bedford County, Tennessee, Deed Book, January 15, 1833.
Bejach, Lois D. “The Journal of a Civil War ‘Commanco’—DeWitt Clinton Fort.” WTHSP, 1948.
Benton, Edward. Letter. New York Herald, April 24, 1864.
Berlin, Ira, ed. The Wartime Genesis of Free Labor: The Upper South. Series 1, volume 2 of Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation: 1861-1867. New York, NY, 1993.
Berlin, Ira. Slaves without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South. New York, NY, 1974.
Berlin, Ira, et al., eds. Free at Last: A Documentary History of Slavery, Freedom, and the Civil War. New York, NY, 1992.
Berndt, Jon S. “The Slagg Family of Wisconsin during the Civil War.”
www.hal-pc.org.
Berry, Thomas F. Four Years with Morgan and Forrest. Oklahoma City, OK, 1914.
Berwanger, Eugene H. The Frontier against Slavery: Western Anti-Negro Prejudice and the Slavery Extension Controversy. Chicago, IL, 1971.
Betts, Vicki. “A Revelation of War: Civilians in Hardin County, Tennessee, Spring, 1862.”
www.hardinhistory.com.
Billings, John D. Hardtack and Coffee: The Unwritten Story of Army Life. 1887. Reprinted Lincoln, NE, 1993.
Black, Hugh. Letters. Robert Manning Strozier Library. Florida State University.
Blackburn, J. K. P. “Reminiscences.” OATTR.
Blassingame, John W. Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies. Baton Rouge, LA, 1977.
Blanton, J. C. “Forrest’s Old Regiment.” CV, February 1895.
Blight, David W. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. Cam-bridge, MA, 2001.
Blockson, Charles L. Black Genealogy. Baltimore, MD, 1991.
Blount, T. W. “Captain Thomas Blount and His Memoirs.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly. July 1935.
“Boatman.” “Letter from Pillow Battery (Camp of Southern Guards: July 14, 1861).” Memphis Avalanche, July 16, 1861. RMC.
Bodnia, George, ed. “Fort Pillow ‘Massacre’: Observations of a Minnesotan.” Minnesota History (Spring 1873).
Bogle, J. C. M. Letters. Crutchfield Papers. The Gordon Browning Museum of the Carroll County [TN] Historical Society.
Boime, Albert. The Art of Exclusion: Representing Blacks in the Nineteenth Century. London, 1990.
Boles, John B. Masters and Slaves in the House of the Lord: Race and Religion in the American South, 1740-1870. Lexington, KY, 1988.
Bolivar [TN] Bulletin. “Site of Fort Pillow in Mississippi River.” CV, December 1908.
Botkin, B. A., ed. Lay My Burden Down: A Folk History of Slavery. Chicago, IL, 1969.
Branch, Mary Polk. Memoirs of a Southern Woman “Within the Lines” and a Genealogical Record. Chicago, IL, 1912. SHC/UNCCH.
Brandt, Nat. The Town That Started the Civil War. Syracuse, NY, 1990.
Brayman, Mason. Papers. Chicago Historical Society.
Breckinridge, John Cabell. John Cabell Breckinridge Collection. Chicago Historical Society.
Brewer, Thomas. “Storming of Fort Pillow.” CV, December 1925.
Britton, Wiley. The Aftermath of the Civil War Based on Investigation of War Claims. Kansas City, MO, 1924.
Brockett, L. P., and Mary C. Vaughan. Woman’s Work in the Civil War: A Record of Heroism, Patriotism and Patience. Boston, MA, 1867.
Brogden, John V., comp. Tennessee Colored Pension Applications for CSA Service. TSLA.
Brooksher, William R., and David K. Snider. Glory at a Gallop: Tales of the Confederate Cavalry. McLean, VA, 1993.
Brown, Andrew. “Sol Street: Confederate Partisan Leader.” Journal of Mississippi History (July 1959).
Brown, Barbara W., and James M. Rose, eds. Black Roots in Southeastern Connecticut, 1650-1900. Detroit, MI, 1980.
Brown, Tully. “Nathan Bedford Forrest: Lecture Delivered at Vendome Theatre, Nashville, Tennessee, January 26, 1905.” TSLA.
Brown, William Wells. The Negro in the American Rebellion—His Heroism and His Fidelity. Boston, MA, 1867.
Browne, Francis Fisher. The Everyday Life of Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln, NE, 1995.
Brownlee, Frederick Leslie. New Day Ascending. Boston, MA, 1946.
Brownlow, John. “John Brownlow’s First Published Memoirs.” Columbia (TN) Daily Herald, September 30, 1984.
Bruce, [Henry] C. The New Man: Twenty-nine Years a Slave. Twenty-nine Years a Free Man. York, PA, 1895.
Buch. The History of Buchanan County, Missouri, Containing a History of the Country, Its Cities, Towns, Etc., Biographical Sketches of Its Citizens, Buchanan County in the Late War, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men. St. Joseph, MO, 1881.
Buckley, Gail. American Patriots: The Story of Blacks in the Military from the Revolution to Desert Storm. New York, NY, 2001.
Bull, Augustus F. Papers. Web Center for Archival Collections. Bowling Green State University.
Burfford, Robert (interviewed by S. H. Logan). “In the Wake of Fort Pillow with Forrest in Command.” Memphis Commercial Appeal, n.d.
Burney, Thomas Sylvanus. “The Famous Terry Rangers.” Groesbeck (TX) Journal, November 25, 1909.
———. “Shannon’s Scouts.” Groesbeck (TX) Journal, December 9, 1909.
———. “Some Texas Rangers.”
Groesbeck (TX)
Journal, December 16 and 30, 1909. Burt, Richard W. “Civil War Letters from the 76th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.” Courtesy of Larry Stevens.
www.my.ohio.voyager.net.
Butchart, Ronald E. Northern Schools, Southern Blacks, and Reconstruction: Freedmen’s Education, 1862-1875. Westport, CT, 1980.
Cairo News, April 16, 1864.
Caldwell, Merrill S. “A Brief History of Slavery in Boone County, Kentucky: Read before a Meeting of the Boone County Historical Society: Florence, Kentucky: June 21, 1857.” Mid-Continent Public Library. Independence, MO.
Campbell, Given. Papers. Wilson Library, UNCCH.
Cannon, Newton. Papers. TSLA.
Carney, Court. “The Contested Image of Nathan Bedford Forrest.” Journal of Southern History (August 2001).
Carney, Kate S. Diary, April 15, 1861-July 31, 1982. SHC/UNCCH.
Carter, Joe. Papers. TSLA.
Cary, Victor, and Grantham, A. J. “Aged Civil War Vet Says He Still Hasn’t Overcome Animosity Toward Yankees.” Corpus Christi Caller Times, October 6, 1940.
Casstevens, Francis H. Edward A. Wild and the African Brigade in the Civil War. Jefferson, NC, 2003.
Castel, Albert. “The Fort Pillow Massacre: A Fresh Examination of the Evidence.” CWH (1958).
Catteral, Helen Tunnicliff, ed. Judicial Cases Concerning American Slavery and the Negro. 4 vols. Washington, DC, 1926-1937.
Chalmers, James Ronald. “Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest and His Campaigns.” SHSP, October 1879.
———. A Personal Explanation by Hon. J. R. Chalmers of Mississippi, Delivered in the House of Representatives of the United States: May 7, 1879. Washington, DC, 1879.
Chapin, L. W. Letter. CV, October 1895.
Charleston Mercury. March 22, April 7, May 2 and 23, June 12-13, August 4 and 18, November 7 and 13, 1862; August 4, 1864.
Chatham, William L. Letter. McCain Library and Archives. University of Southern Mississippi.
Chears, Nathaniel Francis. Papers. TSLA.
Chester, William W. “The Diary of Sergeant Benjamin T. Bondurant, CSA.” WTHSP, 1985.
Chicago Tribune in Anglo African, May 7, 1864.
Christian Recorder. January 9, April 30, May 7, 14, 21, and 28, June 11, September 3, November 26, December 11, 1864; January 7, April 29, June 24, July 1 and 22, September 23, and November 11 and 18, 1865; June 9, July 9, and December 15, 1866.
Cimprich, John. Slavery’s End in Tennessee. Tuscaloosa, AL, 1985.
Cimprich, John, and Robert C. Mainfort, Jr. “Dr. Fitch’s Report on the Fort Pillow Massacre.” THQ 44, no. 1 (Spring 1985).
———. “The Fort Pillow Massacre: A Statistical Note.” Journal of American History 76, no. 3 (1989).
———. “Fort Pillow Revisited: New Evidence about an Old Controversy.” CWH 28, no. 4 (1982): 293-306.
Civil War Centennial Commission [Nashville]. Tennesseeans in the Civil War: A Military History of Confederate and Union Units with Available Rosters of Personnel. 2 vols. Nashville, TN, 1964.
Claiborne, John M. “Claiborne’s History of Terry’s Texas Rangers: A Confederate Cavalry Regiment Engaged in the Unfortunate War between the States.” New Birmingham Times. N. d., 1891. OATTR.
Clarke, Lewis, and Milton Clarke. Narratives of the Sufferings of Lewis and Milton Clarke, sons of a soldier of the Revolution, during a Captivity of more than Twenty Years among the Slaveholders of Kentucky, one of the So Called Christian States of North America. Boston, MA, 1846.
Clayton, W. W. History of Davidson County, Tennessee, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of its Prominent Men and Pioneers. 1897. Reprinted Nashville, TN, 1971.
Cleveland, J. P. A Discourse Delivered at the Twenty-first Anniversary of the Society for the Promotion of Collegiate and Theological Education at the West. In the Second Presbyterian Church, Newark, NJ, November 14, 1864. New York, NY, 1865.
Coatsworth, Stella S. The Loyal People of the North-west, a Record of Prominent Persons, Places and Events, during Eight Years of Unparalleled American History. Chicago, IL, 1869.
Cole, C. M. “Vivid War Experiences at Ripley, Miss.” CV, June 1905.
Collins, James R. “James R. Collins Describes His Civil War Experiences.” Edited by Ken Lee and Gene Shields.
www.iowacounties.com.
Columbus (KY) War Eagle, December 12, 1863.
Cook, V. Y. “Forrest’s Capture of Col. R. G. Ingersoll.” CV, February 1907.
Coombe, Jack D. Thunder along the Mississippi: The River Battles that Split the Confederacy. New York, NY, 1998.
Copley, John M. “A Sketch of the Battle of Franklin, Tenn.; with Reminiscences of Camp Douglas.” SHC/UNCCH.
Cornelius, Janet Duitsman. “When I Can Read My Title Clear”: Literacy, Slavery, and Religion in the Antebellum South. Columbia, SC, 1991.
Cornish, Dudley Taylor. The Sable Arm: Negro Troops in the Union Army, 1861-1865. New York, NY, 1966.
Cothern, John W. Confederates of Elmwood. Bowie, MD, 2001.
Cothren, William. History of Ancient Woodbury, Connecticut. Waterbury, CT, 1879.
Covington Leader, August 20, 1889.
Cox, N. N. “Forrest’s Men Captured at Parker’s Crossroads.” CV, August 1908.
Crawford, Charles W. Weakley County. Memphis, TN, 1983.
Croffutt, W. A. “Bourbon Ballads.” New York Tribune, extra no. 52, n.d.
Crutchfield, James A. Williamson County: A Pictorial History. Nashville, 1980.
Crutchfield, John A. “Letters of Captain John A. Crutchfield, Company ‘F’: Russell’s 20th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment.” Gordon Browning Museum. McKenzie, TN.
Culp, F. M., and R. E. Ross. Gibson County Past and Present. Trenton, TN, 1961.
Cupples, Douglas W. “Memphis’ Confederate Civil War Refugees.” WTHSP (1995).
———. “Rebel to the Core: Memphis’ Confederate Civil War Refugees.” WTHSP (1997).
Currotto, William F. Wizard of the Saddle. Memphis, TN, 1996.
Curry, Richard O., ed. The Abolitionist. New York, NY, 1965.
Daniel, Larry J. Soldiering in the Army of Tennessee: A Portrait of Life in a Confederate Army. Chapel Hill, NC, 1991.
Davis, Abraham. “What about Fort Pillow?” Unpublished manuscript, Tucson, AZ, 1964. Memphis Public Library.
Davis, William C. The Cause Lost: Myths and Realities of the Confederacy. Lawrence, KS, 1996.
———, ed. The Confederate General. Vol. 1. Washington, DC, 1991.
Davis, William C., and Meredith L. Swentor, eds. Bluegrass Confederate: The Headquarters Diary of Edward O. Guerrant. Baton Rouge, LA, 1999.
Deaderick, Barron. Forrest: “Wizard of the Saddle.” Memphis, TN, 1960.
Densmore, Benjamin. Family Papers. Minnesota Historical Society.
Deupree, J. E. “Capt. T. J. Kennedy.” CV, June 1909.
Dew, Charles B. Apostles of Disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War. Charlottesville,VA, 2001.
Dinkins, James. “The Capture of Fort Pillow.” CV, December 1925.
———. Furl That Banner: Personal Recollections and Experiences in the Confederate Army, 1861 to 1865 by an Old Johnnie. Cincinnati, OH, 1897.
Doak, Henry Melvill. Papers. TSLA.
Donhardt, Gary L. “On the Road to Memphis with General Ulysses S. Grant.” WTHSP (1997).
Douglass, Frederick. “Address at Twelfth Baptist Church, New York City.” Liberator, April 29, 1864.
———. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and his Complete History. New York, 1993.
———. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Written by Himself. 1845. Reprinted New York, NY, 1968.
Duberman, Martin, ed. The Antislavery Vanguard: New Essays on the Abolitionists. Princeton, NJ, 1965.
DuBois, W. E. B. Black Reconstruction in America 1860-1880. New York, NY, 1935.
Dunnavant, Robert, Jr. The Railroad War: N. B. Forrest’s 1864 Raid through Northern Alabama and Middle Tennessee. Athens, AL, 1994.
Dyer Heritage Committee. A History of the Dyer, Tennessee, Community: The People and their Work. Dyer, TN, 1986.
Dyer, G. W., and J. T. Moore, eds. The Tennessee Civil War Veterans Questionnaires [1915-1922]. 5 Vols. Easley, SC, 1985.
Dyer, W. R. Pocket Diary, 1864. TSLA.
Eden, Horatio. “Memoir.” TSLA.
Edmondson, Belle. Diary. SHC/UNCCH.
Edwards, Joseph R. Letters. John Gillette Collection. Michigan Historical Collections. Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.
Ege, Thompson. The History and Genealogy of the Ege Family in the U.S., 1728-1911. Harrisburg, PA, 1911.
Eggleston, George Cary. A Rebel’s Recollections. 1875. SHC/UNCCH.
Egypt, Ophelia Settle, ed. Unwritten History of Slavery: Autobiographical Accounts of Negro Ex-Slaves. Nashville, TN, 1945.
Eisenschiml, Otto, and Ralph Newman. Eyewitness: The Civil War as We Lived It: The American Iliad. New York, NY, 1956.
Eldred, Wellington. Letter. University of Missouri Western Historical Manuscript Collection at Rolla.
Eliot, William G. The Story of Archer Alexander: From Slavery to Freedom: March 30, 1863. 1899. Reprinted, New York, NY, 1962.
Elkins, Stanley M. Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life. Chicago, IL, 1967.
Escott, Paul D. Slavery Remembered: A Record of Twentieth-Century Slave Narratives. Chapel Hill, NC, 1979.
Evans, Clement A., comp. Confederate Military History; a Library of Confederate States History, in Twelve Volumes, Written by Distinguished Men of the South. 1899. Reprinted New York, NY, 1962.
Ewell, Leighton. History of Coffee County, Tennessee. Manchester, TN, 1936.
Faulk, W. L. Diary. Vicksburg National Military Park.
Faust, Drew Gilpin, ed. The Ideology of Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Antebellum South, 1830-1860. Baton Rouge, LA, 1981.
Federal Writers Project. American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936-1940. Library of Congress Online.
———. Cincinnati: A Guide to the Queen City and Its Neighbors. Cincinnati, OH, 1943.
Fedric, Francis. Slave Life in Virginia and Kentucky; or, Fifty Years of Slavery in the Southern States of America. London, 1863. SHC/UNCCH.
Fehrenbacher, Don E. The Slaveholding Republic: An Account of the United States Government’s Relations to Slavery. New York, NY, 2001.
Fields, Barbara Jean. Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground. New Haven, CT, 1985.
Filler, Louis. The Crusade against Slavery; 1830-1860. New York, NY, 1960.
Fitch, Charles. “Capture of Fort Pillow—Vindication of General Chalmers by a Federal Officer.” SHSP 7 (1879).
———. “Monthly Report.” Charles Fitch file, Personal Papers of Physicians, RG94. NARA.
Fitzgerald, Ross. A Visit to the Cities and Camps of the Confederate States. London, 1865.
Fitzhugh, Lester N. “Terry’s Texas Rangers, 8th Texas Cavalry, CSA: An Address by Lester N. Fitzhugh before the Houston Civil War Round Table March 21, 1958.” OATTR.
Flanders, Edwin P. Papers. Michigan Historical Collections. Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.
Fletcher, Robert Samuel. A History of Oberlin College: From Its Foundation through the Civil War. Vol. 1. New York, NY, 1971.
Fletcher, Samuel. The History of Company A, Second Illinois Cavalry. Chicago, IL, 1912.
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction. New York, NY, 1988.
Forrest, C. Pogue Public History Institute. “The Civil War in the Jackson Purchase Region of Kentucky: A Survey of Historic Sites and Structures.” Unpublished report.
Forrest, Nathan Bedford. “General Forrest’s Report of Operations in December, 1863.” SHSP8 (1880): 40-41.
Forrester, Rebel C. Glory and Tears: Obion County, Tennessee, 1860-1870. Union City, TN, 1970.
Fort, Dewitt Clinton. Memoir. Transcribed by Greg Newby. Memphis Public Library.
Foster, Francis Smith. Witnessing Slavery: The Development of Ante-Bellum Slave Narratives. Madison, WI, 1979.
Franklin (VA) Repository, April 27, 1864.
Franklin, John Hope, ed. The Diary of James T. Ayers: Civil War Recruiter. Springfield, IL, 1947.
Frazier, E. Franklin. The Negro Family in the United States. New York, NY, 1951.
Freehling, William W. The South versus the South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War. New York, NY, 2001.
Freehling, William W., and Craig M. Simpson, eds. Secession Debated: Georgia’s Showdown in 1860. New York, NY, 1992.
Freemon, Frank R. “The Medical Challenge of Military Operations in the Mississippi Valley during the American Civil War.” Military Medicine (1992).
Frisby, Derek. “‘Remember Fort Pillow!’: Politics, Atrocity, Propaganda, and the Evolution of the Hard War.” Unpublished manuscript. Courtesy of the author.
———. “‘Remember me to everybody’: The Civil War Letters of Samuel Henry Eells, Twelfth Michigan Infantry.” Unpublished manuscript. Courtesy of the author.
Frost, Griffin. Prison Journal. Embracing Scenes in Camp, on the March, and in Prisons: Springfield, Gratiot Street, St. Louis, and Macon City, Mo., Fort Delaware. Alton and Camp Douglas, Ill. Camp Morton, Ind., and Camp Chase, Ohio. Also, Scenes and Incidents during a Trip for Exchange, from St. Louis, Mo., via. Philadelphia, Pa., to City Point, Va. Quincy, IL, 1867.
Fry, Gladys-Marie. Night Riders in Black Folk History. Nashville, TN, 1975.
Fuchs, Richard L. An Unerring Fire: The Massacre at Fort Pillow. Cranbury, NJ, 1994.
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Gallagher, Gary W., and Alan T. Nolan, eds. The Myth of the Lost Cause and the Civil War History. Bloomington, IN, 2000.
Garrison, Webb. Civil War Curiosities: Strange Stories, Oddities, Events, and Coincidences. Nashville, TN, 1994.
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., ed. The Classic Slave Narratives. New York, NY, 1987.
Gauss, John. Black Flag! Black Flag!: The Battle at Fort Pillow. Lanham, MD, 2003.
Genovese, Eugene D. The Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and Society of the Slave South. New York, NY, 1967.
———. Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made. New York, NY, 1976. Gerrzina, Gretchen Holbrook. Black London. New Brunswick, NJ, 1995.
Gilbert, Betty S. “Confederate Dead: 2nd Missouri Cavalry.” Pioneer Times, January 1985.
Giles, L. B. “Terry’s Texas Rangers.” OATTR.
Gillette, William. Retreat from Reconstruction, 1869-1879. Baton Rouge, LA, 1979.
Gladstone, William A. United States Colored Troops, 1863-1867. Gettysburg, PA, 1990.
Glatthaar, Joseph T. Forged in Battle: The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers. New York, NY, 1990.
———. The March to the Sea and Beyond. Baton Rouge, LA, 1995.
Goldhurst, Richard. Many Are the Hearts: The Agony and Triumph of Ulysses S. Grant. New York, NY, 1975.
Goodspeed Publishing Company. History of Knox and Davies Counties, Indiana. Chicago, IL, 1886.
———. History of Lincoln County, Missouri. Chicago, IL, 1886.
———. Lauderdale County History. Chicago, IL, 1887.
Goodstein, Anita Shafer. Nashville, 1780-1860: From Frontier to City. Gainesville, FL, 1989.
Graf, Leroy P., and Ralph W. Haskins, eds. The Papers of Andrew Johnson. Vol. 6. Knoxville, TN, 1983.
Greeley, Horace. The American Conflict: A History of the Great Rebellion in the United States of America, 1860-1864. 2 vols. London, 1886.
Green, Nathaniel E. The Silent Believers. Louisville, KY, 1972.
Greene, Lorenzo, Gary R. Kremer, and Antonion F. Holland. Missouri’s Black Heritage. Columbia, MO, 1993.
Grigsby, Melvin. The Smoked Yank. Sioux Falls, SD, 1888.
Grimsley, Mark. The Hard Hand of War: Union Military Policy Toward Southern Civilians, 1861-1865. New York, NY, 1995.
Gutman, Herbert G. The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925. New York, NY, 1977.
Hamer, Philip M. Tennessee: A History, 1673-1932. Vol. 1. New York, NY, 1933.
Hancock, Richard Ransey. A History of the Second Tennessee Cavalry, with Sketches of First and Seventh Battalion. Nashville, TN, 1887.
Hardeman County Historical Commission. Hardeman County Historical Sketches. Dallas, TX, 1979.
Harding, Lewis A., ed. History of Decatur County, Indiana. Indianapolis, IN, 1915. RMC.
Harley, Sharon. The Timetables of African-American History: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in African-American History. New York, NY, 1995.
Harrison, Absolom. Letter to Susan Allstun Harrison, August 12, 1862. Private Collection.
Hart, Patrick, ed.
The Civil War Diaries of Capt. Noah H. Hart. www.triadic.com. (Noah Hart was an officer in the 10th Michigan Regiment.)
Harvey, Joseph E. Letter to “Mary,” May 31, 1864. Minnesota Historical Society.
Hayden, Hiram C., ed. American Heroes on Mission Fields: Brief Missionary Biographies. New York, NY, 1894.
Hearn, Lafcadio. Occidental Gleanings. 2 vols. New York, NY, 1925.
Henry County Historical Society. Pen Sketches: Henry County, Tennessee. Paris, TN, 1976.
Henry, Robert Selph. As They Saw Forrest: Some Recollections and Comments of Contemporaries. Wilmington, NC, 1987.
———. “First with the Most” Forrest. Indianapolis, IN, 1944.
———. Papers. Special Collections Department. University Libraries of Virginia Tech.
———. The Story of the Confederacy. 1931. Reprinted New York, NY, 1964.
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. Army Life in a Black Regiment. Boston, MA, 1870.
Hinton, Thomas C. Letter. Christian Recorder, May 21, 1864.
Hirshson, Stanley P. Farewell to the Bloody Shirt: Northern Republicans and the Southern Negro, 1877-1893. Chicago, IL, 1968.
Holladay, S. W. Letters. Crutchfield Papers. Gordon Browning Museum of the Carroll County [TN] Historical Society.
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Whitesell, Hunter B. “Military Operations in the Jackson Purchase Area of Kentucky, 1862-1865.” Register of Kentucky Historical Society (1966).
Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers. University of Kentucky Special Collections and Archives.
Wiemholt, Mary, comp. Memorabilia of Cooper County [MO]. Dallas, TX, c. 1990.
Wiley, Bell Irvin. The Plain People of the Confederacy. Chicago, IL, 1963.
———. Southern Negroes, 1861-1865. 1938. Reprinted New Haven, CT, 1965.
Williams, Edward F. III. Confederate Victories at Fort Pillow. Memphis, TN, 1984.
———. “Early Memphis and Its River Rivals: Fulton, Randolph, and Fort Pickering.” WTHSP (1968).
Williams, Eric. Capitalism and Slavery. 1944. Reprinted Chapel Hill, NC, 1994.
Williams, George W. A History of the Negro Troops in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865, preceded by a Review of the Military Services of Negroes in Ancient and Modern Times. New York, NY, 1888.
Williams, Harry. “Benjamin F. Wade and the Atrocity Propaganda of the Civil War.” Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly, January 1939.
Williams, James. Life and Adventures of James Williams, a Fugitive Slave. San Francisco, CA, 1873.
Williams, Walter, ed. A History of Northeast Missouri. Chicago, IL, 1913.
Willoughby, Earl. “Bayonets and Bloomers: The Secret Life of Mollie Pittman,” “Church Grove, Camp Bell and Civil War,” “A Cold Blue Wind: Waring’s Brigade Sweeps through Dyer County in 1864,” “Colonel Dawson and the Shadow War,” “Gunboats and Gumbo: The First Six Months of 1862,” “Rev. George Washington Harris: The Unordained Bishop of West Tennessee,” “Under the Black Flag.”
Dyersburg [TN]
State Gazette. www.stategazette.com/scripts/search/topbox.php?query=Willoughby&x=5&y=2.
Wills, Brian Steel. A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest. New York, NY, 1992.
Wilson, Joseph T. The Black Phalanx. Hartford, CT, 1888.
Wilson, Peggy Stephenson, ed. Nolensville, 1797-1987: Reflections of a Tennessee Town. Nashville, TN, 1989.
Wilson, Mrs. Robert H. Letter. Liberator, June 10, 1864.
Winn, Ralph B., ed. A Concise Lincoln Dictionary: Thoughts and Statements. New York, NY, 1959.
Wish, Harvey, ed. Slavery in the South. New York, NY, 1964.
Wood, Betty. The Origins of American Slavery: Freedom and Bondage in the English Colonies. New York, NY, 1997.
Woodson, Carter G., ed. Free Negro Owners of Slaves in the United States in 1830 Together with Absentee Ownership of Slaves in the United States in 1830. 1924. New York, NY, 1968.
Woodward, C. Vann. The Burden of Southern History. New York, NY, 1968.
Wooster, Ralph A. “With the Confederate Cavalry in the West: The Civil War Experiences of Isaac Dunbar Affleck.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly, July 1979.
Worley, William. Diary. Indiana State Library.
Worthing, John P. Letters. McCain Library and Archives. University of Southern Mississippi.
Wright, Louise Wigfall. A Southern Girl in ’61: The War-Time Memories of a Confederate Senator’s Daughter. New York, NY, 1905. SHC/UNCCH.
Wright, Marcus J. Tennessee in the War, 1861-1865. New York, NY, 1908.
Wubben, Hubert H. Civil War Iowa and the Copperhead Movement. Ames, IA, 1980.
Wyeth, John Allan. That Devil Forrest: Life of General Nathan Bedford Forrest. New York, NY, 1959.
———. With Sabre and Scalpel: The Autobiography of a Soldier and Surgeon. New York, NY, 1914.
Zack, Naomi. Race and Mixed Race. Philadelphia, PA, 1993.
Select Records Reviewed at the National Archives and Records Administration (Washington, DC)
Adjutant General’s Office: “Generals’ Papers and Books: Stephen Augustus Hurlbut: 1861-1865”
Book Records of the 11th USCT Infantry
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands
Carded United States Army Medical Records
Chalmers Papers
Collections of the Adjutant General’s Office: 1780s-1917; Bounty and Claims Division: 1862-1878 and Records of Slave Claims Commissions: 1864-1868 for Tennessee
Department of the Cumberland and Division and Department of the Tennessee, 1862-1870: Organization of U.S. Colored Troops: Records of Capt. R. D. Mussey, 1863-1864
Eddy, Colonel A. R. History of Forts Pickering and Pillow, Tennessee. Adjutant General’s Office. NARA
Final Report of the American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission: June 22, 1864
Fitch, [Charles]. “Monthly Report”: April 30, 1864, in Regimental Papers of the 11th USCI: Letters Received, RG94, Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780’s-1917. NARA
General and Special Orders: Organization of Colored Troops
Generals’ Papers (USA and CSA)
Letters Received, Ser. 360, Colored Troops Division, Adjutant General’s Office. NARA
Inspection Report of Colored Troops, Department of the Cumberland
Letter Book of Brigadier General Lorenzo Thomas
Letter Books of Officers of the United States Navy at Sea, March 1778-July 1908
Office of Inspector General, Department of Tennessee: Letters Sent and Received
List of Prisoners Cap’d by Major General Forrest at Fort Pillow, & in Tennessee—Deserters, Men of Bad Characters, Flags &c. &c.
List of Wounded Received from the Rebels at Fort Pillow
Fawn Log
Medical Records of the 13th Tennessee Cavalry (USA)
Memphis Subdistrict of the Bureau of Refugees Military Departments, Letters Sent, Brig. Gen. James R. Chalmers’s Brigade—February 1862-March 1863
Naval Records Collection of the Office of Naval Records and Library: Records of Citizens of the United States: March 1778-July 1908
Office of the Adjutant General Volunteer Service Branch
Office of the Provost Marshal, District West Tennessee
Papers of General E. A. Paine, Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780-1912
Pension Files for the 1st Alabama Siege Artillery, the 2nd USCLA, the 6th USCHA, the 11th USCI, the 6th and 13th Tennessee Cavalry (USA)
Prisoners in Military Prison in Fort Pickering Probably Detained without Sufficient Cause
Quartermaster General Claims
Ration Commutation Claims for the 2nd USCLA, 6th USCHA, 11th USCI and 13th Tennessee Cavalry
Records of Captain Robert D. Mussey, 1863-1864, Department of the Cumberland and Department of the Tennessee: 1862-1870, Organization of Colored Troops Records of the 16th Army Corps
Records of the 1st Alabama Siege Artillery (Colored), the 2nd USCLA, the 6th USCHA, the 11th USCI, and the 13th (14th) Tennessee Cavalry
Records of the Adjutant General’s Office
Records of the Department of the Tennessee
Records of the District of Columbus
Records of the District of Nashville
Records of the Office of Quartermaster General
Records of the Office of the Secretary of War
Regimental Papers of the 2nd USCLA, 6th USCHA, 11th USCI and 11th USCI (New), and the 13th (14th) Tennessee Cavalry
Register of Letters Received by the Commissioner for the Organization of Colored Troops
Report of an Inspection of the Fortifications on the Ohio & Mississippi River, April 20, 1864
Report of Court of Inquiry [into Cotton Speculation at Helena, Arkansas,] by Major General Irwin McDowell
Reports of Investigations of Conditions at the Irving Block Military Prison in Memphis, Tennessee April-May 1864
Reports on Loyal Citizens [Paducah, Kentucky]
Semi-Weekly Return of Effective Force at the Post of Cairo: April 25, 1864
Union Provost Marshal’s File of Papers Relating to Individual Civilians