ABBREVIATIONS

General

Ag. Ap. Josephus. Against Apion

Diod. Diodorus. Histories

Ph.Byb. Philo of Byblos. Phoenician History

Reference Works

AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research

AB Anchor Bible

AbrN Abr-Nahrain

ABSA Annual of the British School at Athens

Actas 4 Actas del IV Congreso Internacional de Estudios Fenicios y Púnicos, Cádiz, 2 al 6 de Octobre de 1995. 4 vols. Cádiz: University of Cádiz, 2000

Actes 3 M. H. Fantar and M. Ghaki, eds. Actes du IIIe Congrès International des Études Phéniciennes et Puniques, Tunis, 11–16 novembre 1991. 2 vols. Tunis: Institut Nationale du Patrimoine, 1995

ADAJ Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan

AfO Archiv für Orientforschung

Ah, Assyria M. Cogan and I. Ephʿal, eds. Ah, Assyria . . . : Studies in Assyrian History and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Hayim Tadmor. Scripta Hierosolymitana 33. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1991

AHI G. I. Davies. Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions: Corpus and Concordance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991

AION Annali dell’Istituto Orientale di Napoli

AJA American Journal of Archaeology

Ammoniter U. Hübner. Die Ammoniter: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte, Kultur und Religion einer transjordanischer Volker im 1 . . . Jahrtauend v.-Chr. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1992

ANESt Ancient Near Eastern Studies

ANET J. B. Pritchard, ed. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. 3rd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969

ANLM Atti della Accademia Nazionale del Lincei, Memorie

ANLR Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rendiconti

AnSt Anatolian Studies

AoF Altorientalische Forschungen

ArAn Archäologischer Anzeiger

ASKaW R. Rolle and K. Schmidt, eds. Archäologische Studien in Kontaktzonen der antiken Welt. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1998

ASOR American Schools of Oriental Research

Atti 1 Atti del 1 Congresso Internazionale di Studi Fenici e Punici, Roma, 5–10 Novembre 1979. 3 vols. Collezione di studi fenici 16. Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 1983

Atti 2 E. Acquaro, ed. Atti del II Congresso Internazionale di Studi Fenici e Punici, Roma, 9–14 Novembre 1987. 3 vols. Collezione di studi fenici 30. Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 1991

AuOr Aula Orientalis

BA Biblical Archaeologist

BAR Biblical Archaeology Review

BAR Int. Series British Archaeological Reports, International Series

BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

BATM N. H. Gale, ed. Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean. Jonsered: Åström, 1991

Bib Biblica

BCH Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique

Bierling M. R. Bierling, ed. The Phoenicians in Spain: An Archaeological Review of the Eighth–Sixth Centuries B.C.E.—A Collection of Articles Translated from Spanish. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2002

BKAT Biblischer Kommentar: Altes Testament

BaghM Baghdader Mitteilungen

BMB Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth

BN Biblische Notizen

BPPS R. Deutsch and A. Lemaire. Biblical Period Personal Seals in the Shlomo Moussaieff Collection. Tel Aviv–Jaffa: Archaeological Center, 2000

BSHRDN P. Bernardini, R. D’Oriano, and P. G. Spanu, eds. Phoinikes bshrdn: I Fenici in Sardegna. Nuove acquisizioni. Cagliari: La memoria storica, 1997

BZ Biblische Zeitschrift

CAI W. E. Aufrecht. A Corpus of Ammonite Inscriptions. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 1989

Carthago E. Lipiński, ed. Carthago. Studia Phoenicia 5. Louvain: Peeters, 1988

CAT M. Dietrich, O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartín. The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1995

CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly

CIS Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, Pars Prima: Inscriptones Phoenicias Continens. Paris: Reipublicae Typographeo, 1881–1962

CMP J. W. Betlyon. The Coinage and Mints of Phoenicia: The Pre-Alexandrine Period. Harvard Semitic Monographs 26. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1982

COS W. W. Hallo and K. L. Younger Jr., ed. The Context of Scripture. 3 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1997–2003

CPPMR V. Krings, ed. La civilisation phénicienne et punique: Manuel de recherche. Leiden: Brill, 1995

CRAIBL Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres

CSOSI P. Bordreuil. Catalogue des Sceaux Ouest-Sémitiques Inscrits. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale, 1986

Cyprus G. Hill. A History of Cyprus, Volume I: To The Conquest by Richard Lion Heart. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1940

DM Damaszener Mitteilungen

EA W. L. Moran, ed. and trans. The Amarna Letters. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1992

ErIsr Eretz-Israel

ESC E. Peltenburg, ed. Early Society in Cyprus. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1989

EVO Egitto e Vicino Oriente

FPI G. del Olmo Lete and M. E. Aubet Semmler, eds. Los Fenicios en la Península Ibérica, I: Arqueología, cerémica y plástica: II: Epigrafia y lengua Glíptica y numismática. Expansión e interacción cultural. Sabadell (Barcelona): AUSA, 1986

HAAN Histoire et archéologie de l’Afrique du Nord, I: Carthage et son territoire dans l’antiquité. Paris: Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, 1990

HBA Hamburger Beiträge zur Archäologie

HistTyre H. J. Katzenstein. The History of Tyre: From the Beginning of the Second Millennium B.C.E. until the Fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 538 B.C.E. Jerusalem: Schocken Institute for Jewish Research, 1973

HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs

HSS Harvard Semitic Studies

HTR Harvard Theological Review

ICS O. Masson. Les Inscriptions Chypriotes syllabiques. Paris: Boccard, 1961

Idalion L. E. Stager and A. M. Walker, eds. American Expedition to Idaliion, Cyprus, 1973–1980. Oriental Institute Communications 24. Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1989

IEJ Israel Exploration Journal

IFPCO M. G. Amadasi Guzzo. Le iscrizioni fenici e puniche delle colonie in Occidente. Studi Semitici 28. Rome: Istituto di Studi del Vicino Oriente, 1967

IJNA The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology

IM Istanbuler Mitteilungen

IOS Israel Oriental Studies

IPP B. Delavault and A. Lemaire. “Les inscriptions phéniciennes de Palestine.”RSF 7 (1979) 1–39, pls. 1–14

JANES Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University

JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society

JARCE Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt

JBL Journal of Biblical Literature

JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies

JEA Journal of Egyptian Archaeology

JESHO Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient

JHS Journal of Hellenic Studies

JJS Journal of Jewish Studies

JMA Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology

JMS Journal of Mediterranean Studies

JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies

JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages

JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplements

JSS Journal of Semitic Studies

KAI H. Donner and W. Röllig. Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1962–64

Kition 3 M. G. Guzzo Amadasi and V. Karageorghis. Fouilles de Kition, III: Inscriptions Phéniciennes. Nicosia: Department of Antiquities, 1977

MA Mediterranean Archaeology

MDOG Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft

MEFRA Mélanges de l’École Française de Rome—Antiquité

MHR Mediterranean Historical Review

MM Madrider Mitteilungen

MMJ Metropolitcan Museum Journal

MPT S. Gitin, A. Mazar, and E. Stern, eds. Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE. In Honor of Professor Trude Dothan. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1998

MRS Mission de Ras Shamra

Mus Le Muséon: Revue des Études Orientales

MUSJ Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph

ND Field numbers of tablets excavated at Nimrud (Kalhu)

NEA Near Eastern Archaeology

NEAEHL E. Stern, ed. The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. 4 vols. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1993

NSI G. A. Cooke. A Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions: Moabite, Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Jewish. Oxford: Clarendon, 1903

OEANE E. M. Meyers, ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. 5 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997

OIP Oriental Institute Publications

OJA Oxford Journal of Archaeology

OLA Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta

OLP Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica

Or Orientalia

OrAnt Oriens Antiquus

PBSB G. Markoe. Phoenician Bronze and Silver Bowls from Cyprus and the Mediterranean. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985

PBSR Papers of the British School at Rome

PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly

PFPS S. Moscati, P. Bartoloni, and S. F. Bondì. La penetrazione fenicia e Punica in Sardegna: Trent’anni dopo. Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Memorie 9/9, fasc. 1. Rome: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 1997

PhByb H. W. Attridge and R. A. Oden Jr., eds. The Phoenician History / Philo of Byblos: Introduction, Critical Text, Translation, Notes. Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph 9. Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association, 1981

PhWest H. G. Niemeyer, ed. Phönizier im Westen. Madrider Beiträge 8. Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern, 1982

PRU Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit

da Pyrgi a Mozia M. G. Amadasi Guzzo, M. Liverani, and P. Matthiae, eds. Da Pyrgi a Mozia: Studi sull’archeologia del Mediterraneo in Memoria di Antonia Ciasca. 2 vols. Vicino Oriente 3/1–2. Rome: Università degli Studi di Roma, “La Sapienza,” 2002

QDAP Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities of Palestine

RA Revue d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie Orientale

RANL Rendiconti dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei

RB Revue Biblique

RDAC Report of the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus

RelPh C. Bonnet, E. Lipiński, and P. Marchetti, eds. Religio Phoenicia. Studia Phoenicia 4. Namur: Société des Études Classiques, 1986

RES Répertoire d’Épigraphie Sémitique

RHR Revue de l’Histoire des Religions

RPC O. Masson and M. Sznycer. Recherches sur les Phéniciens à Chypre. Geneva: Droz, 1972

RSF Rivista di Studi Fenici

RSO Rivista degli Studi Orientali

RSO Ras Shamra–Ougarit

RSO 7 P. Bordreuil, ed. Une bibliothèque au sud de la ville: Les texts de la 34e campagne (1973). Ras Shamra–Ougarit 7. Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1991

SAA State Archives of Assyria

SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series

SBLWAW Society of Biblical Literature Writings from the Ancient World

SEL Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici

Sem Semitica

SJOT Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament

SMEA Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici

TA Tel Aviv

Tharros R. D. Barnett and C. Mendleson, eds. Tharros: A Catalogue of Material in the British Museum from Phoenician and Other Tombs at Tharros, Sardinia. London: British Museum, 1987

Transeu Transeuphratène

TSSI 1 J. C. L. Gibson. Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, I: Hebrew and Moabite Inscriptions. Oxford: Clarendon, 1971

TSSI 2 J. C. L. Gibson. Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, II: Aramaic Inscriptions. Oxford: Clarendon, 1975

TSSI 3 J. C. L. Gibson. Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, III: Phoenician Inscriptions. Oxford: Clarendon, 1982

UF Ugarit-Forschungen

Ugaritica V J. Nougayrol et al. Ugaritica V. Mission de Ras Shamra 16. Paris: Geuthner, 1968

VO Vicino Oriente

VT Vetus Testamentum

VTSup Supplement to Vetus Testamentum

WO Die Welt des Orients

WSS N. Avigad and B. Sass. Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1997

ZA Zeitschrift für Assyriologie

ZÄS Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde

ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft

ZDMG Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft

ZDPV Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins

ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik