* Referred to in France as the Trente Glorieuses, the “thirty glorious” years from 1945 to 1975. —Trans.
† In France, the real growth rate of national income fell from an average of 5.2 percent per year between 1949 and 1979 to 1.7 percent between 1979 and 2009—a two-thirds reduction.
* See Thomas Piketty, “On the Long-Run Evolution of Inheritance: France 1820–2050,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 126, no. 3 (2011), available at Thomas Piketty staff page, Paris School of Economics, piketty.pse.ens.fr.
* See Gabriel Zucman, “The Missing Wealth of Nations: Are Europe and the U.S. Net Debtors or Net Creditors?” Paris School of Economics, 2011, available at www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/zucman-gabriel/.
* See Facundo Alvaredo et al., “The World Top Incomes Database,” Paris School of Economics, www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/topincomes/.
* See for example Camille Landais, Thomas Piketty, and Emmanuel Saez, Pour une révolution fiscale: un impôt sur le revenu pour le XXIe siècle (Paris: Seuil, 2011), www.revolution-fiscale.fr.
† See for example Antoine Bozio and Thomas Piketty, Pour un nouveau système de retraite: des comptes individuels de cotisations financés par répartition (Paris: Rue d’Ulm, 2008), available at piketty.pse.ens.fr.
* On October 20, 2008, French finance minister Christine Lagarde announced a deal to inject €10.5 billion into six large French banks via a new state agency. —Trans.
* The bouclier fiscal, or tax shield, was a controversial policy advocated by French president Nicolas Sarkozy in the 2007 election campaign. Adopted later that year, the law limited a taxpayer’s maximum liability to 50 percent of income. —Trans.
* The major tsunami that struck northeastern Japan, causing an estimated $235 billion in damage, occurred on March 11, 2011. —Trans.
* A reference to the Maastricht Treaty, the accord that created the European Union and paved the way for the euro. —Trans.
* The de-growth movement—established in Europe but less so in the United States—advocates for the shrinking of economies and a decrease in consumption. —Trans.
* An EU-sponsored student exchange program established in the late 1980s, enrolling hundreds of thousands of students annually. —Trans.