The full title of a book is given only at the first reference to it. Later references may be filled out by consulting the Bibliography. In references to modern works a Roman number (in capitals) indicates the volume, the Arabic number the page. In references to classical texts the Roman number (in small letters) indicates the “book” or main division; the Arabic number indicates the section, the marginal division, or the verse. Where sections are long a subdivision is indicated by an Arabic number after a period.
1. Plato, Works, Jowett tr.; Phaedo, 109.
2. Semple, Ellen, Geography of the Medi-terranean Region, N. Y., 1931, 99, 507.
3. Evans, Sir Arthur, Palace of Minos, London, 192 If, I, 20.
4. Homer, Odyssey, tr. A. T. Murray, Loeb Classical Library, London, 1927, xix, 172-7.
5. Aristotle, Politics, 1271b.
6. Ludwig, Emil, Schliemann, Boston, 1931, 264-5; Glotz, G., Aegean Civilization, N. Y., 1925, 14; Cambridge Ancient History (hereafter referred to as CAH), N. Y., 1924f, I, 138
7. Evans, I, 13; Hall, H. R., Civilization of Greece in the Bronze Age, N. Y., 1927, 24; Glotz, 30-1, 67, 348; CAH, I, 589-90.
8. Evans, I, 26.
9. Ibid., I, 27; Glotz, 38, 40; CAH, I, 597-8.
10. Glotz, 60-4; Baikie, Jas., Sea-Kings of Crete, London, 1926, 212-3.
11. Hall, 27; Glotz, 68-73.
12. Köhler, Carl, History of Costume, N. Y., 1928, frontispiece; Evans, III, 49.
13. CAH, I, 596; Glotz, 65-6, 75-8, 311, and fig. 6.
14. Cf. Evans, III, 227.
19. Glotz, 147-8; CAH, II, 437.
20. Thucydides, History of the Pelopon-nesian War, Everyman Library, I, 1.4; cf. Herodotus, History, tr. Rawlinson, London, 1862, vii, 170, and Diodorus Siculus, Library of History, v, 78.
21. Strabo, Geography, Loeb Library, x, 4.8; Glotz, 149; Evans, I, 2, IV, p. xxii; CAH, II, 442; Homer, Odyssey, xi, 568–70.
22. Ibid., iii, 296.
23. Glotz, 139-42, 173-4; Baikie, 120, 129-31.
24. Evans, I, facing 305, III, 13f; CAH, I, 591, 605, II, 432; Glotz, 106-9, Baikie, 97.
25. Evans, I, facing 472; Glotz, 169-70, 293.
26. Evans, III, 213; Hall, 15; Glotz, 294-6, 312-3.
27. Evans, I, 15.
28. Ibid., 151; Glotz, 229, 237-41, 248-9, 255; Farnell, L. R., Greece and Babylon, Edinburgh, 1911, 228; Nilsson, M. P., History of Greek Religion, Oxford, 1925, 13, questions any worship of the bull in Crete.
29. Glotz, 146, 244-7; Evans, IV, 468-9.
30. Ibid.; Glotz, 252-4.
31. Ibid., 231-8, 265-70, 273-4; Farnell, 125; Reinach, S., Orpheus, N. Y., 1930, 83; Nilsson, 13, 16; CAH, II, 444-5.
32. Mason, W. A., History of the Art of Writing, N. Y., 1920, 315-23, 331; Evans, I, 15, 124f, IV, xx, 959; Glotz, 150, 196, 371-7, 381-7; Encyclopaedia Britannic a, 14th ed., I, 213; CAH, II, 437; Whibley, L., Companion to Greek Studies, Cambridge U. P., 1916, 26.
33. Glotz, 165, 388; Baikie, 238.
34. Homer, Iliad, xviii, 590.
35. Glotz, 174, 321.
36. Evans, I, 342-4; Evans in Baikie, 71; Reinach, 82; Pliny, Natural History, London, 1855, xxxvi, 19; Glotz, 108.
37. Hall, 102.
38. Evans, I, 142, III, 252-3; Burrows, R. M., in Baikie, 99, and Semple, 570.
39. Evans, III, 116-22.
40. In Baikie, 129.
40a. Evans, Sir Arthur, “The Minoan and Mycenaean Element in Hellenic Life,” Journal of Hellenic Studies, XXXII (1912), 277f; Hall, 27.
41. Evans, Palace of Minos, I, 17.
42. Ibid., 16-7; Smith, Human History, 378–90; Hall, 25; Glotz, 191-3, 209; Spengler, Oswald, Decline of the West, N. Y., 1926-8, II, 88.
43. Strabo, xiv, 2.27; Evans, “Minoan and Mycenaean Element,” 283.
44. Herodotus, vii, 170; CAH, II, 475; Smith, G. E., 398.
45. Baedeker, K., Greece, Leipzig, 1909, 417.
46. CAH, I, 442-3.
47. Himes, Norman, Medical History of Contraception, Baltimore, 1936, 187.
48. Grote, G., History of Greece, Everyman Library, I, 190; Frazer, Sir Jas., Dying God, N. Y., 1935, 71.
49. Diodorus, iv, 76.
50. Ibid., 79; Ovid, Metamorphoses, Loeb Library, viii, 181f.
51. Pausanias, Description of Greece, London, 1886, ix, 40.
52. Plutarch, Lives, “Theseus”; Homer, Odyssey, xi, 321-5.
53. E.g., Polybius, Histories, Loeb Library, vi, 45-
54. Strabo, x, 4.16-22.
1. Schliemann, H., Ilios, N. Y., 1881, 3.
2. Ibid., 9.
3. Ibid., 17.
4. Ludwig, p. ix.
5. Schliemann, 14-15.
6. Ludwig, 137.
7. Ibid,, 132-3, 153, 183, 234.
8. Schliemann, 26.
9. Ibid., 41; Ludwig, 139, 165.
10. Schliemann, H., Mycenae, N. Y., 1878, 101-2.
11. Homer, Iliad., ii, 559.
12. Ludwig, 284.
13. Ibid., 256-7.
14. Pausanias, ii, 25.
15. Warren, H. L., Foundations of Classic Architecture, N. Y., 1919, 124-5; Pausanias, ii, 25.
16. Ibid., ii, 15.
17. Iliad, ii, 59, vii, 180; Odyssey, iii, 305.
18. Pausanias, ii, 16.
19. Schliemann, Mycenae, 293f; CAH, II, 452-3; Glotz, 46; Enc. Brit., XVI, 38.
20. Hall, 1; Nilsson, 11; Glotz, 31-2; Whibley, 27.
20a. Murray, A. S., History of Greek Sculpture, London, 1890, 1, 61.
21. Herodotus, ii, 53, 57.
22. Pausanias, vii, 2-3; Hall, 11.
23. Ibid.; Glotz, 47; Evans, I, 23; CAH, I, 608.
24. Lippert, J., Evolution of Culture, N. Y., 1931, 171.
25. Glotz, 47-8.
26. These frescoes are all in the National Museum at Athens. They are reproduced in Rodenwaldt, G., Kunst der Antike, Berlin, 1927, 143f
27. Schliemann, Ilios, 281-3.
29. National Museum, Athens; Evans, III, 121; Rodenwaldt, 148-9.
30. Nat. Mus., Athens; Rodenwaldt, 152.
31. Evans, III, 183; Glotz, 338.
32. Gardiner, P., New Chapters in Greek History, N. Y., 1892, 178; Evans, “Minoan and Mycenaean Element,” 283; Mason, 327-8; Farnell, 97-8.
33. Schliemann, Ilios, 587.
34. Ludwig, 280. He was later financed by Kaiser Wilhelm II.
35. CAH, II, 489-90.
36. Schliemann, Ilios, 453-505; Enc. Brit., XXII, 502-3.
37. CAH, II, 488; Schliemann, Ilios, 123.
38. Bury, J. B., History of Greece, London, 1931, 46; CAH, II, 487.
39. Iliad, xx, 23of.
40. Herodotus, ii, 118; Strabo, xiii, 1.48.
41. Murray, G., Rise of the Greek Epic, Oxford, 1924, 49.
42. Ramsay, Sir W., Asianic Elements in Greek Civilization, Yale U. P., 1928, 109.
43. Bérard, M., in Semple, 699; Murray, Epic, 38.
44. Schliemann, Ilios, 240, 253; Bury, 48; Glotz, 197, 217.
1. CAH, II, 276-83; Glotz, 90.
2. Iliad, ii, 681.
3. Ridge way, Sir Wm., Early Age of Greece, Cambridge U. P., 1901, 88-90, 337, 630, 682-4, etc.
4. CAH, II, 473; Hall, 248, 289.
5. Bury, 6; Glotz, 386-7.
6. Nilsson, 61.
7. Odyssey, xi, 582f; Diodorus, iv, 77.
8. Thucydides, i, 1.3, ii, 6.15.
9. Diodorus, iv, 9.
10. One form of the legend tells how Heracles triumphed over fifty virgins in a single night.—Athenaeus, Deipnosophists, or Banquet of the Learned, London, 1854, xiii, 4; Pausanias, ix, 27.
11. Diodorus, iv, 35, 53.
12. Ibid., iv, 57-8.
13. Ibid., iv, 41-8.
14. CAH, II, 475, III, 662.
15. Iliad, ii, 683, iii, 75.
16. Ibid., xxiii, 198.
17. xxiv, 228.
18. xxiv, 186.
19. xviii, 541, xxi, 257; Keller, A. G., Homeric Society, N. Y., 1902, 78.
20. Iliad, v, 87-9.
21. Glotz, G., Ancient Greece at Work, N. Y., 1926, 36.
22. Odyssey, xx, 72.
23. Seymour, T. D., Life in the Homeric Age, N. Y., 1907, 234, 209-10.
24. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 38; Ridgeway in Botsford, G. W., Athenian Constitution, N. Y., 1895, 82.
25. Ibid., 35; Pöhlmann, R. von, Geschichte der sozialen Frage und des Sozialismus in der antiken Welt, München, 1925, I, 29; Browne, H., Handbook of Homeric Study, London, 1908, 209; Seymour, 235, 273; Bury, 54.
26. Iliad, xxiii, 826.
27. Ibid., xiii, 341.
28. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 45.
29. Ibid., 42; Calhoun, G. M., Business Life of Ancient Athens, Chicago, 1926, 13.
30. Odyssey, xv, 82f.
31. Ibid., vi, 115.
32. xiv, 202.
33. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 28If.
34. Iliad, xix, 247.
35. Ibid., ii, 21 of.
36. Odyssey, xxi, 224-5.
37. Ibid., iv, 184.
38. Iliad, ix, 74.
39. Odyssey, vi, 207.
40. Ibid., iv, 20; ix, 267-8.
41. xv, 82f.
42. viii, 37of.
43. Gardiner, E. N., Athletics of the Ancient World, Oxford, 1930, 27; Mahaffy, J. P., Social Life in Greece, N. Y., 1925, 51.
44. Gardiner, E. N., 21-3; Iliad, xxiii, 166f.
45. Thucydides, i, 1.5.
46. Odyssey, viii, 158f.
47. Ibid., ix, 39f.
48. Iliad, x, 383.
49. Odyssey, xiii, 287-95.
50. Ibid., ii, 234, iv, 690, xiv, 138-141.
51. Ibid., i, 87, viii, 14; Iliad, ii, 169.
52. Odyssey, i, 57-9; Iliad, xx, 18.
53. Odyssey, xvii, 280.
54. Athenaeus, xiii, 2; Harrison, Jane, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, Cambridge U. P., 1922, 260-2.
55. Athenaeus, xiii, 4.
56. Iliad, xviii, 593.
57. Ibid., xviii, 490.
58. vi, 169.
59. Odyssey, i, 153, 325, viii, 43-64, xxi, 406-8.
60. Ibid., xxi, 46.
61. Iliad, vi, 313-7.
62. Ibid., i, 249.
63. iii, 222.
64. Murray, Epic, 129.
65. Sumner, W. G., and Keller, A. G., Science of Society, New Haven, 1928, I, 658.
66. CAH, II, 478; Murray, Epic, 174.
67. Whibley, 30.
68. Pliny, xxxvi, 64.
69. Grote, I, 77.
70. Plutarch, De Stoicorum Repugnantiis, 32, in Bakewell, C. M., Source Book in Ancient Philosophy, N. Y., 1909, 278.
71. Iliad, vi, 406.
72. Ibid., viii, 542.
73. CAH, III, 670.
74. Odyssey, iv, 521.
75. Butcher and Lang, Odyssey, N. Y., 1927, introd., xxiv.
77. Seymour, 73.
78. Odyssey, v, 151-8.
79. Ibid., vi, 239.
80. Nilsson, 4-5.
81. Odyssey, xix, 177.
82. Thucydides, i, 1.2.
83. Herodotus, i, 68.
84. Evans, IV, 477, 959.
85. Pausanias, iii, 2.
86. Ridder, A. de, and Deonna, W., Art in Greece, N. Y., 1927, 167.
1. Plato, Phaedrus, 244; Frazer, Magic Art, N. Y., 1935, II, 358; Reinach, Orpheus, 98; CAH, II, 629.
2. Grote, IV, 196.
3. Mahaffy, J. P., What Have the Greeks Done for Civilization?, N. Y., 1909, 11.
4. Plato, Timaeus, 22-3.
5. Herodotus, ii, 143.
6. Ibid., ii, 53, 81, 123; Diodorus, i, 96; Harrison, Prolegomena, 574-5.
7. Herodotus, ii, 109; Strabo, xvii, 3; Diodorus, i, 69; Smith, G. E., 417-8; Ridder, 7, 341.
8. Ibid.; Smith, 418-22; Warren, Foundations, 193-4.
9. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 128; Day, C., History of Commerce, London, 1926, 14.
10. Olmstead, A. T., History of Assyria, N. Y., 1923. 537.
11. Herodotus, ii, 109.
12. Grote, IV, 124.
13. Heath, Sir Thos., History of Greek Mathematics, Oxford, 1921, 1, 44, II, 21; CAH, IV, 539.
14. Ridder, 340; Anderson, W. J., and Spiers, R. P., Architecture of Greece and Rome, London, 1902, 49; Gardner, E. A., Handbook of Greek Sculpture, London, 1920, 51-2.
15. Cook, A. B., Zeus, Cambridge U. P., 1914, 777.
16. Strabo, viii, 6; CAH, III, 540-2; Grote, III, 96.
17. Herodotus, iii, 131.
18. Gardner, E. A., Handbook, 365.
19. Pausanias, iv, 6-14.
20. Strabo, viii, 5.4.
21. Müller, K. O., in Rawlinson’s Herodotus, vii, 234n. The calculation is for 480B.C., Meyer, Ed., Geschichte des Alterthums, Stuttgart, 1884f, III, §§263-4, gives the population of Laconia ca. 470 as 12,000 Spartans (4000 adult males), 80,000 Perioeci, and 190,000 Helots.
22. CAH, V, 7.
23. Plutarch, Spartan Institutions, in Lyra Graeca, London, 1928, III, 287; Mahaffy, Social Life, 451; Cicero, in Cotterill, H. B., History of Art, N. Y., n.d., I, 61.
24. Grote, IV, 264.
25. Greek Anthology, ix, 488, in Lyra Graeca, I, 29.
26. Grote, III, 195; Murray, Sir G., History of Ancient Greek Literature, N. Y., 1927, 80.
27. In Ridder, 106.
28. Grote, III, 195.
29. Mahaffy, J. P., History of Classical Greek Literature, London, 1908, 1, 189; Lacroix, Paul, History of Prostitution, N. Y., 1931, 1, 149-50.
30. Alcman, Frag. 36 in Lyra Graeca, I, 77.
31. Das Oxforder Buch Deutschen Dichtung, Oxford, 1936, 117.
32. Goethe, J. W. von, Poetical Works, tr. Cobb, N. Y., 1902, 61.
33. Glover, T. R., Democracy in the Ancient World, Cambridge U. P., 1927, 84.
34. Herodotus, i, 65.
35. Aristotle, Politics, 1271b.
36. Plutarch, “Lycurgus.”
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.; Polybius, vi, 48.
39. Thucydides, i, 6.
40. E.g., Polybius, vi, 10.
41. Plutarch, “Lycurgus.”
42. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 88.
43. Coulanges, Fustel de, Ancient City, Boston, 1901, 460.
44. Plutarch, l.c.
45. Ibid., Grote, III, 148.
46. Thucydides, iv, 14.
47. Coulanges, 294; Glotz, G., Greek City, London, 1929, 300; Carroll, M., Greek Women, Phila., 1908, 136.
48. Mahaffy, J. P., Old Greek Education, N. Y., n.d., 10.
49. Hesiod, Callimachus, and Theognis, Works, tr. Banks and Frere, London, 1856, 441n.
50. Plutarch, I.c.; Grote, III, 157; MüllerLyer, F., Family, N. Y., 1931, 45.
51. Thucydides, i, 3.
52. Nilsson, 94.
53. Mahaffy, Greek Education, 46.
54. Plutarch, “Demetrius.”
55. Xenophon, Anabasis, Loeb Library, iv, 6.15.
56. Symonds, J. A., Greek Poets, London, 1920, 159.
57. Becker, W., Charicles, London, 1886, 246, 297.
58. Carroll, 138-40; Weigall, A., Sappho of Lesbos, N. Y., 1932, 103.
59. Plutarch, “Lycurgus”; Lippert, 301.
60. Athenaeus, xiii, 2.
61. Whibley, 613.
62. Grote, III, 155-6; Sumner, W. G., Folkways, Boston, 1906, 351.
63. Athenaeus, xiii, 2.
64. Plutarch, “Numa and Lycurgus Compared.”
65. Aristotle, Politics, 1270a; Grote, III, 1537; BrifFault, R., Mothers, N. Y., I, 399.
66. Plutarch, “Lycurgus”; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 89.
67. Athenaeus, xii, 74.
68. Plutarch, l.c.
69. Grote, III, 131, IX, 298; Rawlinson’s Herodotus, iii, 148n, calls the roll of Spartan venality.
70. Herodotus, iii, 148.
71. Grote, III, 132, 158.
72. Plutarch, “Pelopidas.”
73. E.g., Herodotus, i, 82.
74. Ibid., vii, 104.
75. Xenophon, “Constitution of the Lacedaemonians,” in Minor Works, London, 1914, i, 1.
76. Pausanias, v, 1.
77. Ibid., vii, 21.
78. Frazer, Sir J., Studies in Greek Scenery, Legend, and History, London, 1931, 224-5.
79. Pausanias, ii, 1; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 116.
80. Strabo, viii, 6.21.
81. Iliad, ii, 570.
82. Aristotle (?), Economics, Loeb Library, ii, 2.
83. Aristotle, Politics, 1315b.
84. Enc. Brit., XVI, 616. Others attribute the first Corinthian coinage to Cypselus; cf. CAH, III, 552.
85. Glotz, Greek City, 113, Ancient Greece, 86; Weigall, Sappho, 46.
86. Plutarch, Moralia, Loeb Library, 147D.
87. Herodotus, iii, 50-3; Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers, London, 1853, “Periander.”
88. Aristophanes, The Eleven Comedies, N. Y., 1908, Frogs, 133; Lacroix, I, 110.
89. Pindar, Odes, Loeb Library, Frag. 122.
90. Strabo, viii, 6.20.
91. Athenaeus, xiii, 32.
92. Ibid., 33.
93. St. Paul, I Cor. vi, 15-18.
94. Semple, 669.
95. Pausanias, vi, 17-19; Litchfield, F., History of Furniture, Boston, 1922, 13.
96. CAH, III, 554.
97. Glotz, Greek City, 113.
98. Grote, III, 264-5.
99. Theognis, 237, in Dickinson, G. L., Greek View of Life, N. Y., 1928, 186.
100. Theognis in Hesiod, Callimachus, and Theognis, Works, 444-5.
101. Ibid., 448, 11. 373f.
102. Ibid., 11. 349f
103. Symonds, 161.
104. Botsford, G. W., and Sihler,. E. G., Hellenic Civilization, N. Y., 1920, 198-9; Coulanges, 369.
105. Symonds, 162.
106. Theognis in Hesiod, etc., 442.
107. Ibid., 470-1, 447-8, 489-90.
108. 479-81.
109. 477, 491-2.
110. 454-5.
111. Ridgeway, 33.
112. Calhoun, 30 1; Semple, 669.
113. Pausanias, ii, 26.
114. Pindar, Pythian iii, 47-58.
115. Gardner, E. A., Ancient Athens, N. Y., 1902, 431.
1. Strabo, viii, 6.21; ix, 2.25.
2. Pausanias, ix, 31.
3. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 117.
4. Enc. Brit., XI, 529.
5. Hesiod, Works and Days, 640.
6. Ibid., 655.
7. Gardiner, E. N., Athletics, 30.
8. Pausanias, ix, 31; cf. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 125; CAH, IV, 474; Grote, I, 12.
9. Hesiod, Theogony, 1-6.
10. Ibid., 120f.
11. Nilsson, 185-6.
12. Theogony, 166f.
13. Ibid., 735f.
14. Works and Days, 285.
15. Ibid., 286f.
16. 504f.
17. 54f.
18. Theogony, 585f.
19. Works and Days, 695f.
20. Ibid., 109f.
21. Mahaffy, Social Life, 72.
22. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, 54.
23. Diodorus, xvi, 28; Frazer, Studies, 374-5.
24. Pope, A., Essay on Man.
25. Bury, 95; CAH, III, 619. Others (Murray, Epic, 43, and Enc. Brit., XII, 575) derive the Graii from Epirus.
26. Cicero, De Fato, 7.
27. Baedeker, xxvii; Zimmern, A., Greek Commonwealth, Oxford, 1924, 38.
28. Hippocrates, Works, Loeb Library, Introductory Essay I to Vol. II, by W. H. S. Jones; cf. Jones, W. H. S., Malaria and Greek History, Manchester U. P., 1909.
29. Isocrates, Works, Loeb Library, Panegyricus, 24.
30. Ridder, 122.
31. Grote, III, 270-4; Vinogradoff, Paul, Outlines of Historical Jurisprudence, Oxford, 1922, II, 85-6.
32. Frazer, Studies, 58-9.
33. Aristophanes, I, 196, editor’s note.
34. Baedeker, 104.
35. CAH, III, 579-80.
36. Aristotle, Constitution of Athens, London, 1891, sect. 57; Grote, III,’290; Coulanges, 331.
37. Meyer, Ed., in Zimmern, 396.
38. Aristotle, Constitution, 2, says that these “sixth-sharers” paid one-sixth of their product to the owner, and Plutarch (“Solon”) follows him; but recent scholarship inclines to believe that the sixth part was the amount kept, not paid. Cf. Bury, 174; Glotz, Greek City, 102.
39. Botsford, Athenian Constitution, 141.
40. Aristotle, Constitution, 2.
41. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 61, 80, Greek City, 102.
42. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 71.
43. CAH, IV, 33.
44. Ibid.
45. Grote, III, 293-4; Coulanges, 418.
46. Plutarch, “Solon.”
47. Botsford, Constitution, 143.
48. Pöhlmann, 158; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 71.
49. Glotz, Greek City, 119.
50. Plutarch, Amatorius, 751c, in Linforth, I. M., Solon the Athenian, Berkeley, Cal., 1919, 156-7.
51. Diog. L., “Solon,” ii.
52. Plutarch, “Solon.”
53. Diog. L., “Solon,” ix.
54. Aristotle, Constitution, 5; Grote, III, 313; Botsford, 158.
55. Aristotle, 6, 12.
56. CAH, IV, 38.
57. Aristotle, 6.
58. Plutarch, “Solon.”
59. Grote, III, 319.
60. Aristotle, 10.
61. Plutarch, l.c.
62. Grote, III, 316; Mahaffy, What Have the Greeks Done for Civilization?, 186.
63. CAH, IV, 134; Bury, 183.
64. Plutarch, I.c.
65. Aristotle, 12; Grote, III, 331-2.
66. Plutarch, I.c.
67. Ibid.; Aristotle, 9.
68. Coulanges, 420; CAH, IV, 43; Grote, II, 350.
69. Plutarch, l.c.
70. Diog. L., “Solon,” vii.
71. Athenaeus, xiii, 25; Lacroix, I, 68-70; Bebel, A., Woman under Socialism, N. Y., 1923, 35.
72. Plutarch, I.c.; Grote, III, 351; Tucker, T. G., Life in Ancient Athens, Chautauqua, N. Y., 1917, 159.
73. Plutarch.
74. Ibid.
75. Diog. L., “Solon,” xvi.
76. Grote, III, 344.
77. Diog. L., l.c.
78. Enc. Brit., XX, 955.
79. Herodotus, i, 29.
80. Plato, Amatores, 133, in Linforth, 130.
81. Herodotus, i, 30.
82. Plutarch, l.c.
83. Diog. L., “Solon,” iii.
84. Diodorus, ix, 20.
85. Herodotus, i, 60; Athenaeus, xiii, 89.
86. Aristotle, Constitution, 16.
87. Glotz, Greek City, 121.
88. Calhoun, 29.
89. Aristotle, Politics, 1310a.
90. Thucydides, vi, 19.
91. Athenaeus, xiii, 70; Lacroix, I, 153.
92. Aristotle, Politics, 1300b.
1. Pater, W., Plato and Platonism, London, 1910, 246.
2. Thucydides, i, 1.
3. CAH, II, 558.
4. Strabo, x, 5.6; Plutarch, Moralia, Loeb Library, 249D.
5. Lyra Graeca, II, 639.
6. Aristophanes, Peace, 695.
7. Cicero, De Oratione, ii, 86, in Lyra Graeca, II, 306.
8. Lyra Graeca, II, 257.
9. Ibid., III, 297, 339; tr. J. A. Symonds, Greek Poets, 155, 167.
10. Cicero, De Natura Deorum, Loeb Library, i, 22.
11. Thucydides, iii, 103.
12. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 113.
13. Botsford and Sihler, 188.
14. Carroll, 99.
15. CAH, IV, 483.
16. Symonds, 169.
17. Herodotus, iii, 57.
18. Ovid, Metamorphoses, Loeb Library, x, 243.
19. Herodotus, i, 142.
20. Ibid., i, 146.
21. Ibid., i, 170; Diog. L., “Thales.”
22. Aristotle, Poetics, Loeb Library, 1259a.
23. Diog. L., “Thales,” iii-viii; Plutarch, “Solon.”
24. Heath, Greek Mathematics, I, 130; Ueberweg, F., History of Philosophy, N. Y., 1871, 1, 34-5.
25. Heath, I, 137; Herodotus, i, 74.
26. Aristotle, Metaphysics, tr. M’Mahon. London, 1857, i, 3.
27. Ibid.
28. Diog. L., “Thales,” iii.
29. Ibid., “Thales,” viii.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid., “Thales,” xii.
32. Strabo, xiv, 4.7.
33. Spencer, First Principles of a New System of Philosophy, N. Y., 1910, 367.
34. Bakewell, 5.
35. Heath, II, 38; Grote, V, 94.
36. Bakewell, 6.
37. Aristotle, Metaphysics, i, 3; Bakewell, 7; CAH, IV, 554.
38. Athenaeus, xii, 26, xiii, 29, xiv, 20.
39. Ibid., xii, 26.
40. Diog. L., “Bias,” i-iv.
41. CAH, IV, 92-3.
42. Herodotus, ii, 134.
43. Plutarch, Moralia, 16C.
44. Leslie, Shane, Greek Anthology, N. Y., 1929, x, 123.
45. Pfuhl, Ernst, Masterpieces of Greek Drawing and Painting, London, 1926, Fig. 79.
46. Sarton, Geo., Introduction to the History of Science, Baltimore, 1930, 1, 75.
47. Pausanias, viii, 14; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 132; Jones, H. Stuart, Ancient Writings on Greek Sculpture, London, 1895, 24-5.
48. Ridder, 174.
49. Pliny, xxxv, 46.
50. Ibid., xxxvi, 21.
51. Athenaeus, xii, 29.
52. Carroll, 102.
53. Frag. 78 in Herodes, Cercidas, and the Greek Choliambic Poets, Loeb Library, 55.
54. Diog. L. in Heracleitus, On the Universe, Loeb Library, 464.
55. Cf. Mahaffy, What Have the Greeks?, 219.
56. Bakewell, 33.
57. Nietzsche, F., Early Greek Philosophy, N. Y., 1911, 103-4.
58. Diog. L., “Heracleitus,” v.
59. Strabo, xiv, 1.28; Weigall, Sappho, 155; Webster’s Dictionary, s.v. colophon.
60. Weigall, 186; Symonds, 150.
61. Tr. in Harrison, Prolegomena, 173.
62. Lyra Graeca, III, 636, II, 126, 131.
63. Athenaeus, x, 33.
64. Lyra Graeca, II, 125, 139.
65. Ibid., 145, frag. 15.
66. Greek (Palatine) Anthology, vii, 24.
67. Diodorus, xx, 84.
68. Herodotus, viii, 105; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 85.
69. Athenaeus, vi, 88-90; Ward, C. O., Ancient Lowly, Chicago, 1907, I, 123f.
70. Eratosthenes in Grote, II, 159.
71. Lyra Graeca, I, 333; Athenaeus, xiv, 23.
72. Tr. by Symonds, 197.
73. Stobaeus, Anthology, xxix, 58, in Lyra Graeca, I, 141.
74. Greek Anthology, ix, 506.
75. Strabo, xiii, 2.3.
76. Ovid, Heroides, Loeb Library, xv, 31; scholiast on Lucian, Imag., 18, in Lyra Graeca, I, 160.
77. Weigall, Sappho, 76.
78. Ibid., 175.
79. Symonds, 196.
80. Weigall, 86.
81. Lyra Graeca, I, 437.
82. Athenaeus, xii, 69.
83. Weigall, 119.
84. Longinus, On the Sublime, Loeb Library, ix, 15.
85. Berliner Klassikertexte, p. 9722, in Lyra Graeca, I, 239.
86. Murray, Greek Literature, 92; Weigall, 173, 90; Robinson, D. M., Sappho and Her Influence, Boston, 1924, 58.
87. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 202.
88. Weigall, 321.
89. Suidas, Lexicon, s.v., Phaon, in Lyra Graeca, I, 153; Strabo, x, 2.8.
90. Ovid, Heroides, xv.
91. Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 1231, in Weigall, 291.
92. Lyra Graeca, I, 435.
93. Athenaeus, xiii, 89.
94. Strabo, xii, 3.11.
95. Ramsay, Asianic Elements, 118.
96. Diodorus, iv, 49.
97. Polybius, iv, 38.
98. Semple, 72-3, 214.
99. Murray, Greek Literature, 86.
1. Pausanias, iii, 23.
2. Ludwig, 266; Cook, Zeus, 776.
3. Schliemann, Ilios, 41.
4. Strabo, x, 2.9.
5. Journal of Hellenic Studies, LVI, 170–89, London, 1882f.
6. Grote, IV, 150-1.
7. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 97-8; J. H. Studies, LV, 138.
8. Randall-Maclver, D., Greek Cities in Italy and Sicily, Oxford, 1931, 75; CAH, III, 676.
9. Diodorus, iii, 9.
10. Athenaeus, xii, 20.
11. Ibid., xii, 15, 17.
12. Ibid., 58.
13. Herodotus, vi, 127.
15. Grote, IV, 168.
16. Athenaeus, xii, 19.
17. Diog. L., “Pythagoras,” ix.
18. Enc. Brit., XVIII, 802.
19. Diog. L., “Pythagoras,” i-iii, xvii; Heath, Greek Math., 1, 4.
20. Cicero, De Finibus, Loeb Library, v, 29, 87; Diodorus, i, 98.
21. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations, Loeb Library, i, 16; De Re Publica, Loeb Library, ii, 15.
22. Carroll, 299, 307, 310.
23. Diog. L., “Pythagoras,” viii.
24. Ibid., “Pythagoras,” xix, vii, xviii; Grote, V, 103.
25. Diog. L., “Pythagoras,” xix.
26. Ibid., “Pyth.,” xviii.
27. Grote, V, 100-1.
28. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” xxii; Cook, Zeus, 1.
29. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” viii.
30. Heath, I, 10.
31. Proclus, in Heath, I, 141.
32. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” xi.
33. Whibley, 229.
34. Heath, I, 70, 85, 145.
35. Whewell, W., History of the Inductive Sciences, N. Y., 1859, I, 106; Oxford History of Music, Oxford U. P., 1929, Introductory Volume, 3.
36. Aristotle, Works, ed. Smith and Ross, Oxford, 1931, De Coelo, ii, 9; Metaphysics, i, 5; Oxford History of Music, 27; Heath, I, 165, II, 107.
37. Heath, II, 65, 119; Berry, A., Short History of Astronomy, N. Y., 1909, 24.
38. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” xxv.
39. Ibid., 9, Introd., xviii.
40. Livingstone, R. W., Legacy of Greece, Oxford, 1924, 59.
41. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” xix.
42. Ibid.
43. Rohde, Erwin, Psyche, N. Y., 1925, 375; Pater, Plato, 54.
44. Greek Anthology, vii, 120.
45. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, v, 8.
46. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” xxi.
47. Grote, IV, 154-8; CAH, IV, 115-6.
48. Frag. 24 in Whibley, 89.
49. Heath, II, 52; Mahaffy, Greek Lit., I, 138.
50. Frag. 7 in Bakewell, 9.
51. Frags. 14-5, 5-7, 1-3, in Bakewell, 8.
52. Diog. L., “Xenophanes,” iii.
53. Frags. 9–10.
54. Bakewell, 10-11.
55. Warren, Foundations, 241; but Koldewey (ibid.) places it about 450.
56. Randall-Maclver, 9-10.
57. Childe, V. G., Dawn of European Civilization, N. Y., 1925, 93-100.
58. Thucydides, vi, 18; Diodorus, v, 2.
59. Grote, IV, 149.
60. Freeman, E. A., Story of Sicily, N. Y., 1892, 65.
61. Ibid.
62. Polybius, xii, 25.
63. Ibid., ix, 27.
64. Ibid., v, 2.
65. Herodotus, vii, 156.
66. Lucian, Works, tr. H. W. and F. G. Fowler, Oxford, 1905, “Hermotimus,” 34.
67. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 116; Draper, J. W., History of the Intellectual Development of Europe, N. Y., 1876, 1, 52.
1. In CAH, II, 610.
2. Cf. Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, 1470; Cook, Zeus, passim.
3. Iliad, iii, 277.
4. Frazer, Magic Art, I, 315.
5. Murray, G., Five Stages of Greek Religion, Oxford U. P., 1930, 50.
6. Nilsson, 91; Farnell, Greece and Babylon, 228.
7. Nilsson, 91-2; Heracleitus in Bakewell,. 29.
8. Murray, G., Aristophanes: A Study, N. Y., 1933, 6.
9. Harrison, Jane, Prolegomena, 293; Glotz, Aegean Civilization, 391-2; Briffault, Mothers, III, 145.
10. Murray, Five Stages, 35-6; Reinach, S., Orpheus, 86; Frazer, Sir J., Spirits of the Corn and of the Wild, N. Y., 1935, I, 4.
11. Whibley, 387.
12. Murray, Five Stages, 31.
13. Ibid., 29, 33; Harrison, Prolegomena, pp. viii and 28.
15. Harrison, 18.
16. Rodenwaldt, 315.
17. Sophocles, Philoctetes, 1327-9; Harrison, 297f.
18. Ibid., 325.
19. Rohde, 159.
20. Nilsson, 123.
21. Rohde, 297.
22. Ibid., 172.
23. Seymour, 98; Odyssey, i, 65f; Iliad, iv, 14f.
24. Ibid., viii, 17-27.
25. Semple, 529.
26. Iliad, xvi, 651f.
27. Hesiod, Theogony, 887f
28. Iliad, xv, 17.
29. Frazer, Magic Art, I, 14-15.
30. Iliad, viii, 330f.
31. Ibid., xx, 46, xxi, 406.
32. Smith, Wm., Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Boston, 1859, 603.
33. CAH, II, 637; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 112; Blakeney, M. A., ed., Smaller Classical Dictionary, Everyman Library, 258.
34. CAH, l.e.
35. Diodorus, iv, 6.
36. Athenaeus, xii, 80.
37. Gardner, P., New Chapters, 157.
38. Frazer, Sir J., Adonis, Attis, Osiris, N. Y., 1935, 226; Gardner, New Chapters, 157.
39. Semple, 43-4.
40. In Symonds, 204.
41. Diodorus, iii, 62.
42. Herodotus, ii, 49-57.
43. Nilsson, 86; CAH, IV, 527.
44. Ibid., 535.
45. Rohde, 220; Gardner, New Chapters, 385.
46. Diodorus, iv, 25.
47. Harrison, Prolegomena, 465.
48. Reinach, 88; CAH, IV, 536-8; Harrison, 432; Murray, Greek Literature, 65; Carpenter, Edw., Pagan and Christian Creeds, N. Y., 1920, 64.
49. Harrison, p. xi.
50. Ibid., 588; Nilsson, 221; Rohde, 344.
51. Plato, Republic, ii, 364-5.
52. Harrison, 572.
53. Whibley, 402.
54. Nilsson, 247.
55. Symonds, 495.
56. Dickinson, G. L., Greek View of Life, N. Y., 1928, 1.
57. Grote, II, 101-2.
58. Coulanges, 223.
59. Xenophon, Anabasis, v, 3.4.
60. Iliad, xxi, 27; xxiii, 22, 175.
61. Pausanias, iv, 9, vii, 19; CAH, II, 621.
62. Pausanias, iii, 16; Plutarch, “Lycurgus”; Nilsson, 94.
63. CAH, II, 618; Grote, I, III.
64. Frazer, Sir J., Scapegoat, N. Y., 1935, 253; Harrison, 107.
65. Aristophanes, Frogs, 734, and scholiast; Rohde, 296; Harrison, 103; Nilsson, 87; Frazer, Scapegoat, 253.
66. Harrison, 108.
67. Murray, G., Epic, 12-13, 317; Harrison, 103.
68. Plutarch, “Pelopidas.”
69. Hesiod, Theogony, 557f.
70. Odyssey, iii, 338-41; CAH, II, 626.
71. Farnell, 237.
72. Harrison, 501.
73. Diodorus, iii, 66.
74. Grote, 1, 145-6.
75. Harrison, 167.
76. Nilsson, 82-3; Rohde, 163.
77. Coulanges, 213; Rohde, 295-6.
78. Nilsson, 83.
79. Ibid., 85.
80. Theophrastus, Characters, Loeb Library, xvi.
81. Plutarch, “Solon.”
82. Sophocles, Trachinian Women, 584; Lacroix, I, 117; Becker, 381.
83. Plato, Laws, 933; Harrison, 139.
84. Herodotus, ix, 95.
85. Coulanges, 291.
86. Carroll, 270; Rohde, 292.
87. Coulanges, 289.
88. Grote, III, 38-9; Benson, E. F., Life of Alcibiades, N. Y., 1929, 83.
89. Herodotus, v, 63, vi, 66; Grote, V, 431.
90. Ibid., III, 127.
91. CAH, III, 627-8.
92. Ibid., 604.
93. In Coulanges, 288.
94. Harrison, 121; Frazer, Spirits of the Corn, II, 17.
95. Harrison, 32.
96. Frazer, Spirits of the Corn, I, 30.
97. Rohde, 239.
1. Herodotus, viii, 144.
2. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, IV, 24.
3. Enc. Brit., I, 681.
4. Mason, W. A.: History of the Art of Writing, 344.
5. Mahaffy, Old Greek Education, 49; Thompson, Sir E. M., Introduction to Greek and Latin Palaeography, Oxford, 1912, 58.
6. Pliny, xiii, 11.
7. Shotwell, J. T., Introduction to the History of History, N. Y., 1936, 30; Becker, 162n.
8. Thompson, 39, 43; Mahaffy, I.e., 51.
9. Becker, 274.
10. Shotwell, 32.
11. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 25-8.
12. Grote, II, 245; Murray, Epic, 238.
13. Diog. L., “Solon,” ix.
14. Grote, II, 245; Murray, Epic, 147.
15. Ibid., 258.
16. Iliad, xxii, 106-13, tr. G. Murray.
17. Ramsay, Asianic Elements, 289.
18. Iliad, i, 477, etc.
19. Ibid., ii, 469-73.
20. Ibid., xx, 490, tr. Bryant.
21. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 35, 81. Aristarchus of Samothrace wrote ca. 180 B.C.
22. Browne, 92.
23. Glotz, Aegean Civilization, 393; Ward, I, 41; Grote, II, 306-7.
24. Briffault, Mothers, I, 411.
25. Odyssey, iv, 120-36.
26. Herodotus, ii, 53.
27. Curtius, Ernst, Griechische Geschichte, Berlin, 1887f, I, 126, in Robertson, J. M., Short History of Free Thought, London, 1914, I, 127; Mahaffy, Social Life, 352; Murray, Epic, 267.
27a. Symonds, 187.
28. Odyssey, viii, 146.
29. Rodenwaldt, 233.
30. Gardiner, Athletics, 230.
31. Mahaffy, Greek Education, 18.
32. Gardiner, Athletics, 234.
33. Tucker, 222.
34. In Zimmern, 316.
35. Pausanias, v, 21.
36. Ibid., i, 44.
37. Gardner, New Chapters, 291.
38. Ibid., 294.
39. Ibid.
40. Gardiner, Athletics, mi.
41. Pausanias, vi, 4.
42. Ibid., viii, 40.
43. Ibid., vi, 14.
44. Herodotus, iii, 106.
45. Pausanias, vi, 13.
46. Herodotus, viii, 26.
47. Grote, III, 352-3.
48. Athenaeus, x, 1; Gardiner, Athletics, 54–5.
49. Ferguson, W. M., Greek Imperialism, Boston, 1913, 58-9; Haigh, A. E., Attic Theatre, Oxford, 1907, 3.
50. Winckelmann, J., History of Ancient Art, Boston, 1880, II, 288.
51. Athenaeus, xiii, 90.
52. Ibid.
53. Symonds, 73.
53a. Richter G., Handbook of the Classical Collection, Metropolitan Museum of Art, N. Y., 1922, 76.
54. Rodenwaldt, 234.
55. Ridder, 171.
56. Pfuhl, 38.
57. Ridder, 181; Murray, A. S., Greek Sculpture, I, 11.
58. Rodenwaldt, 247.
59. Cf. Pijoan, J., History of Art, N. Y., 1927, 1, figs. 351-2.
60. Ibid., p. 229.
61. Pliny, xxxv, 151.
62. Cotterill, H. B., History of Art, N. Y., 1922, 99-100.
63. Anderson and Spiers, 42; CAH, IV, 603-8.
64. Livingstone, Legacy of Greece, 412; Warren, 277-80; Smith, G. E., 422; CAH, IV, 99.
65. Polybius, iv, 20-1; Athenaeus, xiv, 22.
66. Lacroix, 1, 122.
67. Pratt, W. S., History of Music, N. Y., 1927, 53.
68. Pausanias, x, 7.
69. Mahaffy, Social Life, 456.
70. Diodorus, iii, 67.
71. Lyra Graeca, III, 582.
72. Strabo, x, 3.17.
73. Oxford History of Music, 8.
74. Ibid.; Pratt, 55; Mahaffy, What Have the Greeks?, 143; id., Social Life, 463-5.
75. Aristotle, Politics, 1342b.
76. Athenaeus, xiv, 18.
77. Ibid., 10; Lyra Graeca, II, 498; Symonds, 180; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 279.
78. Oxford History of Music, 1, 30.
80. Lucian, “Of Pantomime.”
81. Ibid.
82. In Kirstein, L., Dance, N. Y., 1935, 26.
83. Athenaeus, i, 37.
84. Kirstein, 28-30.
85. Ibid., 30.
86. Athenaeus, xiv, 12, 32.
87. Lyra Graeca, III, 630.
88. Lucian, l.c.
89. Mahaffy, Social Life, 464-5.
90. Athenaeus, xiv, 17.
91. Aristotle, Poetics, iv; Murray, Aristophanes, 3.
92. Enc. Brit., VII, 582.
93. Aristotle, Politics, 1336b.
94. Murray, I.e.; id., Greek Literature, 212; Haigh, 292; Sumner, W. G., Folkways, 447.
95. Aristophanes, Eleven Comedies, I, 327 and editor’s note; Kirstein, 38.
96. Enc. Brit., VII, 584.
97. Aristotle, Poetics, v, 3.
98. CAH, V, 117.
99. Aristotle, Poetics, iv, 17.
100. Ridgeway in Harrison, 76; Sumner and Keller, III, 2109.
101. Enc. Brit., VII, 582.
102. Ibid., 583.
103. Athenaeus, i, 39.
104. Diog. L., 28, “Solon,” xi.
1. Herodotus, vi, 98.
2. Grote, V, 16.
3. Ibid., 22.
4. Herod., vi, 102.
5. Rawlinson, app. to Herod., vi; Grote, V, 58; Pausanias, x, 20.
6. Plutarch, “Aristides.”
8. Herod., vi, 132-6.
9. Plutarch, I.c.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Thucydides, i, 5.138.
13. Plutarch, “Themistocles.”
14. Plutarch, “Aristides.”
15. Herod., vii, 133-7.
16. Ibid., 184-6, 196.
17. Ibid., 146.
18. Ibid., 33-6.
19. Ibid., 56.
20. Athenaeus, iv, 27; Herod., vii, 118-9.
21. Ibid., viii, 4-6.
22. vii, 231-2.
23. viii, 24.
24. Greek Anthology, vii, 249; Strabo, ix, 4, 12-16.
25. Plutarch, “Themistocles.”
26. Mahaffy, Social Life, 223. Mahaffy considers the story a legend, but no lover of dogs will doubt it.
27. Herod., ix, 4-5.
28. Ibid., viii, 89.
29. Grote, V, 316f, and Freeman, 77, believe that the two actions were concerted; CAH, IV, 378, doubts it.
30. Grote, V, 319-20.
31. Herod., ix, 70.
32. Rawlinson, note to Herod., l.c.
1. Shelley, P. B., “On the Manners of the Ancients,” quoted by Livingstone, Legacy, 251.
2. Herod., viii, 111-12.
3. Oxford Book of Greek Verse in Translation, Oxford, 1938, 534; Plutarch, “Themistocles.”
4. Plutarch, “Aristides.”
5. Thucydides, i, 5.
6. Grote, VI, 6-7.
7. Aristotle, Constitution, 25.
8. Ibid., 41.
9. Plutarch, “Pericles”; Grote, VII, 16; CAH, V, 72.
10. Plutarch, I.c.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Glotz, Greek City, 241.
14. Plato, Gorgias, 515; Aristotle, Constitution, 27; Plutarch, I.c.
15. CAH, V, 100; Glotz, 210.
16. Glotz, 131.
17. Plutarch, l.c.
18. Ibid.
19. Plato, Phaedrus, 270.
20. Plutarch, l.c.
21. Carroll, 197.
22. Aristophanes, Acharnians, 514f; Athenaeus, xiii, 25-6.
23. Lacroix, I, 154; Carroll, 200.
24. Plato, Menexenus, 236; Carroll, 311; Benson, 58.
25. Lacroix, I, 156.
26. Plutarch, I.c.
27. Plato, l.c.; Benson, 57-8.
28. Plutarch, l.c.
29. Benson, 58.
30. Plutarch.
31. Plato, Theaetetus, 79, Republic, ii, 8, Laws, ix, 3; Thucydides, iii, 52; Mahaffy, Social Life, 178-9; Grote, VI, 305-6.
32. Botsford, 222.
33. Glotz, Greek City, 156; Carroll, 442.
34. Tucker, 251-2.
35. Isocrates, Antidosis, 320.
36. Coulanges, 248.
37. Tylor, E. B., Anthropology, N. Y., 1906, 217.
38. Vinogradoff, II, 61-2.
39. Aristotle, Constitution, 57.
40. Glotz, Greek City, 236.
41. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 153.
42. Botsford, 53-4.
43. Glotz, Greek City, 297.
44. Cf. Aristotle’s will in Diog. L., 185, “Aristotle,” ix.
45. Xenophon, Memorabilia, tr. Watson, Phila., 1899, x, 2.9.
46. Murray, Greek Literature, 328.
47. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 281.
48. Tucker, 263.
49. Isocrates, Antidosis, 79.
50. Enc. Brit., X, 829.
51. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 316.
52. Glotz, Greek City, 263.
53. Herod., v, 77; Aristotle, Ethics, v, 7.
54. Glotz, Greek City, 220.
55. Zimmern, 290; Ferguson, 69.
56. CAH, V, 29; Grote, II, 55-7.
57. Thucydides, ii, 6.
58. Lyra Graeca, II, 337.
1. Xenophon, Economicus, iv-vi, in Minor Works.
2. Ibid., xviii, 2.
3. Semple, 407, 414, 421.
4. Pausanias, ii, 38.
5. Zimmern, 52-4.
6. Aristophanes, II, 245; Athenaeus, vii, 43, 50f.
7. Ibid., xiv, 51.
8. Xenophon, Memorabilia, ii, 1.
9. Hippocrates, “Regimen in Acute Diseases,” xxviiif.
10. Aeschylus, Persian Women, 238.
11. Aristotle, Constitution, 47; Baedeker, 123.
12. CAH, V, 16.
13. Rickard, T. A., Man and Metals, N. Y., 1932, 1, 376; Calhoun, 142-3.
14. Ibid., 154-6.
15. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 225.
16. Semple, 678-9.
17. Ibid., 668.
18. Glotz, 205.
19. Vitruvius, On Architecture, Loeb Library, ii, 6.3.
20. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 278f; Herod., ix, 3; Thucydides, viii, 26.
21. Aristophanes, Frogs, in Eleven Comedies, II, 194.
22. Plato, Gorgias, 511.
23. Glotz, 294.
24. Ibid., 233.
25. In Zimmern, 307.
26. Lucian, “Nigrinus,” 1.
27. CAH, V, 22.
28. Zimmern, 218; CAH, V, 8.
29. Zimmern, 283.
30. Isocrates, Panegyricus, 42.
31. Thucydides, ii, 6.
32. Xenophon, Economicus, iv, 2.
33. Glotz, 218.
34. Gomme, A. W., Population of Athens in the $th and 4th Centuries B.C., Oxford, 1933, 21.
35. Athenaeus, vi, 103; Becker, 361.
36. Semple, 667; Glotz, 192-3.
37. Ibid., 208.
38. Aeschines, Epistle 12, in Becker, 361; CAH, V, 8.
39. In Botsford and Sihler, 225.
40. Glotz, 196.
41. Dickinson, 119; Ward, I, 93.
42. CAH, VI, 529-30.
43. Aristotle, Ethics, viii, 13.
44. Murray, Epic, 16; CAH, VI, 529.
45. CAH, V, 25.
46. Aristophanes, Ecclesiazusae, 307.
47. Ward, 1, 98.
48. CAH, V, 12, 25.
49. Glotz, 237.
50. Ibid., 286.
51. Toutain, J., Economic Life of the Ancient World, N. Y., 1930; Introduction by Henri Berr, p. xxiii.
52. CAH, V, 32.
53. Semple, 425.
54. Glotz, 163.
55. Tucker, 251.
56. Coulanges, 451.
57. Ward, 1, 424.
58. Glotz, 148.
59. Ward, I, 88, II, 48, 76, 263, 342.
60. Hall, M. P., Encyclopedic Outline of Masonic, Hermetic, Qabbalistic, and Rosicrucian Symbolical Philosophy, San Francisco, 1928, 64.
61. Aristophanes, II, 371f.
62. Ibid., 44of.
63. Thucydides, viii, 24.
64. Ibid., iii, 10, slightly transposed.
65. Aristotle (?), Economics, iii, 15.
66. Glotz, 296.
67. Ibid., 298.
68. Ibid., 298; Lysias, Against the Grain Dealers, xxii, in Botsford and Sihler, 426; Semple, 365, 663; Zimmern, 362.
69. Glotz, 169.
1. Plato, Republic, 459f.
2. Aristotle, Politics, 1335.
3. Haggard, H. W., Devils, Drugs, and Doctors, N. Y., 1929, 19.
4. Himes, 82, 96. Coitus interruptus was apparently a popular method of family limitation throughout antiquity.
5. Athenaeus, xiv, 3.
6. Plutarch, “Themistocles,” Moralia, 185D.
7. Greek Anthology, vii, 387.
8. McClees, H., Daily Life of the Greeks and Romans, N. Y., 1928, 41; Metropolitan Museum of Art.
9. Ibid., 41; Becker, 223; Mahaffy, Greek Education, 16, 19; Weigall, Sappho, 200.
10. Plato, Laws, vii, 84.
11. Plato, Protagoras, 326.
12. Mahaffy, op. cit., 39.
13. Becker, 224.
14. Winckelmann, II, 296.
15. Plato, Protagoras, 325.
16. Aristotle, Constitution, 42.
17. Gardner, Ancient Athens, 483; Mahaffy, op. cit., 76.
18. Lycurgus, Against Leocrates, 75-89, in Botsford and Sihler, 478. On its authenticity cf. Mahaffy, op. cit., 71.
19. Diog. L., “Aristippus,” iv, “Aristotle,” xi.
20. Tucker, 173; Weigall, 184.
21. Plutarch, Moralia, 249B.
22. CAH, II, 22-3.
23. Becker, 456.
24. Carroll, 172.
25. Tucker, 125-7.
26. Ibid.
27. Plutarch, Moralia, 228B; Athenaeus, xv, 34.
28. Weigall, 189, 206-7; Carroll, 173.
29. Eubulus, Flower Girls, in Tucker, 173-4, and Lacroix, I, 101-2.
30. Weigall, 187.
31. Athenaeus, xv, 45.
32. Glotz, 278.
33. Wright, F. A., History of Later Greek Literature, N. Y., 1932, 19.
34. Zimmern, 215.
35. Tucker, 120.
36. Coulanges, 294.
37. Greek Anthology, x, 125.
38. Voltaire, Works, N. Y., 1927, IV, 71.
39. Thucydides, ii, 6; Mahaffy, Social Life, 295; Hobhouse, L. Y., Morals in Evolution, N. Y., 1916, 347; Glotz, Greek City, 131.
40. Vinogradoff, II, 54-5.
40a. Aristotle, in Sedgwick and Tyler, Short History of Science, N. Y., 1927, 102.
41. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 290; Becker, 280; Tucker, 150.
42. Ibid., 123.
43. Grote, V, 53.
44. Thucydides, ii, 10.82.
45. Pausanias, vii, 9-10; Plutarch, “Artaxerxes II.”
46. Xenophon, Cyropaedia, Loeb Library, i, 6.27.
47. Thucydides, i, 3.76.
48. Ibid., v, 17.
49. Ibid., iii, 9.34.
50. Ibid., v, 32.116; vi, 20.95; Polybius, iii, 86; Coulanges, 275.
51. Thucydides, ii, 7.67.
52. Plutarch, “Alcibiades.”
53. Plato, Laws, viii, 831.
54. Herod., v, 78.
58. Aristophanes, Eccl., 720; Becker, 241.
59. Ibid., 243.
61. Demosthenes, Against Neaera; Becker, 244.
62. Lacroix, I, 124, 129.
63. Ibid., 112.
64. Ibid., 85.
65. Briffault, II, 340.
66. Mahaffy, Greek Life and Thought, London, 1887, 72.
67. Lacroix, 1, 88.
68. CAH, V, 175.
69. Lacroix, 1, 166.
70. Ibid., 162.
71. Becker, 248.
72. Athenaeus, xiii, 59.
73. Ibid.
74. Ibid., 58.
75. Ibid., 52.
76. Lacroix, 1, 180.
77. Ibid., 179.
78. Athenaeus, xiii, 54.
79. Lacroix, 1, 182-3.
80. Ibid., 145-6.
81. Ellis, H., Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Phila., 1911, VI, 134.
82. Murray, Aristophanes, 45.
83. Plutarch, “Lycurgus”; Strabo, x, 4.21.
84. Plutarch, “Pelopidas.”
85. Diog. L., “Xenophon,” vi.
86. Cf. Plato, Lysis, 204.
87. Plato, Symposium, 180f, 192.
88. Lacroix, I, 118, 126.
89. Bebel, 37; Hime, 52.
90. Whibley, 612.
91. Carroll, 307.
92. Sophocles, Trachinian Women, 443.
92a. Tr. by J. S. Phillimore in Oxford Book of Greek Verse in Translation, 367.
93. Becker, 473.
94. Athenaeus, xiii, 16.
95. Sumner, Folkways, 362; Becker, 473.
96. Tucker, 83.
97. Carroll, 164.
98. Euripides, Medea, 233.
99. Coulanges, 63, 293; Becker, 475; Briffault, II, 336.
100. Zimmern, 334, 343.
101. Euripides, Aeolus, 22.
102. Demosthenes, Against Neaera; Smith, Wm., Dictionary, 349, s.v., Concubium.
103. Glotz, Greek City, 296; Zimmern, 340. Zeller, Ed., Socrates and the Socratic Schools, London, 1877, 62, questions the story and the law.
104. Westermarck, E., History of Human Marriage, London, 1921, III, 319; Becker, 497; Lyra Graeca, II, 135.
105. Lacroix, I, 114; Enc. Brit., X, 828; Becker, 496.
106. Tucker, 84; Westermarck, op. cit., 319; Lacroix, I, 143.
107. Westermarck, I.e.; Coulanges, 119.
108. Thuc., ii, 6.
109. Lacroix, I, 143.
110. Becker, 464; Tucker, 83-4.
111. Sumner, Folkways, 497; Briffault, I, 405.
112. Tucker, 156.
113. Aristophanes, Lysistrata, 42f.
114. In Tucker, 84.
115. Greek Anthology, vii, 340.
116. Botsford and Sihler, 51.
117. Tucker, 90-6.
118. Semple, 490-1.
119. Athenaeus, i, 10.
120. Greek Anthology, xi, 413.
121. Athenaeus, v, 2.
122. Xenophon, Banquet, ii, 8.
123. Mahaffy, Social Life, 120-1.
124. Coulanges, 422.
125. Plato, Republic, iv, 425.
126. Tucker, 270.
127. Semple, l.c.
128. Rohde, 167.
129. Harrison, Prolegomena, 600; Westermarck, E., Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, London, 1917-24, 1, 715.
1. Xenophon, Economicus, viii, 19f.
2. Thuc., ii, 6.40.
3. Xenophon, Banquet, iv, 11.
4. In Ridder, 48.
5. Usher, A. P., History of Mechanical Inventions, N. Y., 1929, 106-7.
6. Cf. the gems in the Fourth Room of the Classical Collection, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
7. Pfuhl, 5.
8. Ridder, 287.
9. Pliny, xxxv, 34.
10. Mahaffy, Social Life, 449-50; Ridder, 19.
11. Plutarch, “Cimon.”
12. Pausanias, x, 25.
13. Pliny, xxxv, 35; Winckelmann, II, 296.
14. Pliny, xxxv, 36.
15. Ibid.
16. Plutarch, “Pericles.”
17. Pliny, l.c.
18. Athenaeus, xii, 62.
19. Murray, A. S., 1, 13.
20. Pliny, I.e.
21. Cicero, De Invent., ii, 1, in Murray, A. S., I, 12. Pliny, I.e., places the story in Acragas.
22. National Museum, Naples; Guide to the Archeological Collections, Naples, 1935, 11.
23. National Museum, Athens.
24. Xenophon, Memorabilia, iii, 10.7.
25. Ridder, 177.
26. Gardner, Greek Sculpture, 20-1.
27. Pliny, xxxiv, 19.
28. Ibid.
29. Pijoan, I, 254.
30. Cf. Lucian, “A Portrait Study,” in Works, III, 15-16.
31. Jones, H. S., Ancient Writers on Greek Sculpture, 78.
32. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 231.
33. Cf. Jones, op. cit., 76; Gardner, Greek Sculpture, 284; Frazer, Studies in Greek Scenery, 411; CAH, V, 479.
34. Pijoan, I, 269.
35. Pausanias, v, 11; Strabo, viii, 3.30.
36. Iliad, i, 528.
37. Pausanias, v, 11.
38. Polybius, xxx, 10.
39. Frazer, op. cit., 293.
40. Quintilian, Institutes, Loeb Library, xii, 10.7.
41. Plutarch, “Pericles.”
42. Scholiast on Aristophanes, Peace, 605, in Jones, op. cit., 76.
43. Lucian, l.c.
44. Vitruvius, iv, 1.8.
45. Cotterill, I, 75.
46. Pausanias, v, 10.
47. Zimmern, 411. Grote (VI, 70) makes a smaller estimate ($18,000,000) for the architectural works in Athens proper.
48. Warren, 156.
49. Ibid., 331.
50. Vitruvius, iii, 5.
51. Ruskin, Aratra Pentelici, 174; in Gardner, Ancient Athens, 338; Gardner, Greek Sculpture, 324.
52. Warren, 327, 339-41; Mahaffy, What Have the Greeks?, 130.
53. Ludwig, 139f.
54. Warren, 310-11; Gardner, Ancient Athens, 258.
1. Heath, Greek Mathematics, I, 46; Whibley, 228-9.
2. Heath, 1, 150.
3. Sarton, 92.
4. Sedgwick and Tyler, 33.
5. Heath, I, 176, 178.
6. CAH, V, 383.
7. Heath, I, 93.
8. Diog. L., 384, “Parmenides,” ii; Sarton, 85.
9. Aristotle, De Coelo, ii, 13; Heath, Sir Thos., Aristarchus of Samos, Oxford, 1913, 94.
10. Diog. L., 389, “Leucippus,” iii.
11. Ibid., 390; Heath, Aristarchus, 125.
11a. Sarton, 92.
12. Heath, 78.
13. Anaxagoras, frags. 12 and 16, in Bake well, 51; Ueberweg, I, 63-5; CAH, IV, 570.
14. Heath, 81.
15. Ibid., 82.
16. Ueberweg, 1, 66.
17. Diog. L., 59-60, “Anaxagoras,” iv.
18. Heath, 128.
19. Ibid., 70.
20. Anaxagoras, frag. 4, in Bakewell, 49.
21. Diog. L., l.c.
22. Frags. 5 and 17, in Bakewell, 50; Diog. L., l.c.
23. Frag. 9, in Bakewell, 51; Aristotle, Metaphysics, i, 3, De Coelo, iii, 3, De Generatione et Corruptione, i, 1; Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, Loeb Library, i, 830f.
24. Diog. L., l.c.
25. Aristotle, De Partibus Animalium, i, 10, iv, 10.
26. Aristotle, Metaphysics, i, 4.
27. Nilsson, 274.
28. Diog. L., 61, “Anaxagoras,” viii; Robertson, J. M., I, 153.
29. Plutarch, “Pericles.”
30. Murray, Greek Literature, 159.
31. CAH, IV, 569-70.
32. Heath, Greek Math., I, 172.
33. Diog. L., 61, “Anaxagoras,” ix.
34. Geminus in Heath, Aristarchus, 275.
35. Herod., ii, 4, and Rawlinson’s note; Whibley, 71.
36. Grote, II, 29-30.
37. Herod., ii, 4.
38. Sarton, 83.
39. Semple, 35-7.
40. Ibid.
41. Cf. Sect. III of Chap. XVI, below; and cf. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, 442-506.
42. Gardner, New Chapters, 269.
43. Sarton, 83.
44. Herod., iii, 125-38.
45. Sarton, 77.
46. Ibid.; Livingstone, Legacy, 209.
47. Sarton, 102.
48. Garrison, F. H., History of Medicine, Phila., 1929, 95.
49. Hippocrates, Works, I, Introd., by W. H. S. Jones.
50. Ibid., IV, “Aphorisms,” i.
51. “The Sacred Disease”; “Airs, Waters, Places,” xxii.
52. Hippocrates, Works, II, Introd., viii; I, Introd., xxiv; Garrison, 94.
53. Ibid., IV, “The Nature of Man,” iv, 10.
54. Ibid., “Regimen III,” lxviii.
55. Livingstone, 234.
56. Garrison, 94; Hippocrates I, Introd., lvi.
57. IV, Introd., viii.
58. Harding, T. S., in Medical Journal and Record, Aug., 1, 1928.
59. Hippocrates, IV, Introd., vii. Hippocrates settles a very ancient problem when he writes: “It is best for flatulence to pass without noise and breaking, though it is better for it to pass even with noise than to be intercepted and accumulated internally.”—Works, IV, “Prognostic,” 11.
60. In Livingstone, 235.
61. Hippocrates, IV, “Regimen III,” lxviii.
62. Sarton, 96.
63. Livingstone, 208.
64. Hippocrates, II, “The Sacred Disease,” xvii.
65. Xenophon, “Constitution of the Lacedaemonians,” xiii, 6; Mahaffy, Social Life, 293; Becker, 380; Garrison, 91; Hippocrates, Works, I, 299.
66. Garrison, 97; Livingstone, 225.
67. Ibid., 240.
68. I am indebted, for an explanation of the material at Epidaurus, to Dr. A. A. Smith, of Hastings, Neb.
69. Livingstone, 225.
70. Plato, Laws, iv, 720.
71. Carroll, 324-5; Mahaffy, Social Life, 297.
72. Xenophon, Memorabilia, iv, 2; Garrison, 91; Becker, 376.
73. Ibid., 291; Garrison, 90; Plato, Statesman, 259.
74. Hippocrates, II, “Law,” i, and Introd. to Essay VI.
75. I, 291-5.
76. Ibid., 299.
77. Becker, 379.
78. Hippocrates, II, “Decorum,” vii; “Precepts,” vi.
79. “Decorum,” v.
1. Athenaeus, xiii, 92.
2. Plato, Protagoras, 334, 339.
3. Symonds, 116; Owen, John, Evenings with the Sceptics, London, 1881, 1, 177.
4. Bakewell, 11.
5. Ibid., 22; the conclusion is rephrased.
6. Plato, Parmenides, 127.
7. Russell, B., Principles of Mathematics, London, 1903, I, 347.
8. Plutarch, “Pericles.”
9. Plato, l.c.
10. Diog. L. “Zeno,” iv.
11. Ibid.
12. Tredennick, H., introd. to Aristotle, Metaphysics, Loeb Library, xvii; CAH, IV, 575-6.
13. Heath, Aristarchus, 105.
14. Tredennick, l.c.
15. Leucippus, frag. 2 in Bakewell, 7.
16. Diog. L., “Leucippus,” i-iii.
17. Lange, F. E., History of Materialism, N. Y., 1925, 15.
18. Diog. L., “Democritus,” ii—iii.
19. Ibid.
20. Lange, 17.
21. Ueberweg, 1, 71.
22. Enc. Brit., XVII, 39.
23. Grote, G., Plato and the Other Companions of Socrates, London, 1875, 1, 68; Bakewell, 62.
24. Robertson, J. M., I, 158; Lange, 17.
25. Diog. L., “Democritus,” xiii.
26. Heath, Greek Math., I, 176.
27. Cicero, De Oratore, i, 11; Ueberweg, I, 68; Grote, Plato, 1, 68, 96.
28. Bacon, F., Philosophical Works, ed. Robertson, London, 1905, 96, 471-2, 650.
29. Democritus, frag. O (Diels) in Bake-well, 60.
30. Frags. 117 and 9 in Bakewell, 59, slightly rephrased.
31. Ueberweg, I, 70.
32. Lange, 27.
33. Ueberweg, I, 69-70; Grote, Plato, I, 77.
34. Ibid., 76.
35. Diog. L., “Democritus,” xii.
36. Heath, Aristarchus, 26, 127.
37. Ueberweg, l.c.
38. Grote, Plato, I, 78.
39. Lucretius, iii, 370.
42. In Plutarch, Moralia, 81.
43. Owen, I, 149.
44. Lange, 31; Diog. L., “Democritus,” xii; Ueberweg, l.c.
45. Frag. 154a in Bakewell, 62.
46. Frag. 57.
47. In Owen, I, 149.
48. Ueberweg, I, 68.
49. Athenaeus, ii, 26.
50. Ibid.; Lucretius, iii, 1039.
51. Diog. L., “Democritus,” xi.
52. Athenaeus, l.c.
53. Diog. L., “Democritus,” viii.
54. Id., “Empedocles,” ii.
55. In Symonds, 127.
56. Murray, Greek Literature, 76.
57. Symonds, 127.
58. Diog. L., “Empedocles,” iii.
59. Ibid., “Empedocles,” xi.
60. Ibid.; Symonds, 131.
61. Diog. L., “Empedocles,” ix.
63. CAH, IV, 563.
64. Aristotle, De Anima, ii, 6; De Sensu, vi.
65. Symonds, 143.
68. Empedocles, frag. 82 in Bakewell, 45.
69. In Aristotle, De Coelo, iii, 2.
70. Ueberweg, I, 62.
71. Symonds, 143.
72. Frags. 17 and 35 in Bakewell, 44-5.
73. Cf. Frazer, Spirits of the Corn, II, 303.
74. Frags. 133-4 in Bake well, 46.
75. Symonds, 137.
76. Livingstone, 46.
77. Symonds, 135.
78. Diog. L., “Empedocles,” x.
79. Ibid., “Empedocles,” xi.
80. Ibid.; Symonds, 131.
81. Plato, Protagoras, 316.
82. Grote, History, VI, 46.
83. CAH, V, 24, 377-8.
84. Plato, Protagoras, 309-10.
85. Ueberweg, I, 74.
86. Plato, Protag., 311.
87. Ibid., 328.
88. Diog. L., “Protagoras,” iv.
89. Plato, Phaedrus, 267.
90. Ueberweg, I, 75; Sarton, 88.
91. Euripides, frag. 189, quoted by Rohde, 438.
92. Plato, Theaetetus, 160; Bakewell, 67; Lange, 42.
93. Diog. L., I.e.; Bakewell, 67.
94. Diog. L., I.e.; Ueberweg, 1, 74.
95. Bakewell, 67.
96. Isocrates, Antidosis, 155.
97. Philostratus, Lives of the Sophists, Loeb Library, §494.
98. Grote, VIII, 343.
99. Ueberweg, 1, 77.
100. Philostratus, 483.
101. Plato, Republic, i, 336f; Oxyrhynchus Papyri xi, 1364, in Vinogradoff, II, 29; Murray, Greek Literature, 161.
102. Plato, Sophist, 265.
103. Murray, Aristophanes, 142.
104. Ibid.
105. Murray, Greek Literature, 160.
106. Zeller, 36.
107. Plato, Gorgias, 502.
108. Plato, Cratylus, 584.
109. Xenophon, Memorabilia, i, 6.13.
110. Plutarch, Dec. Orat., iv, in Becker, 235.
111. Aristotle, Soph. Elenchis, i, 1.165.
112. Grote, VIII, 326.
113. Diog. L., “Plato,” xxv.
114. Aristotle, Ethics, 1109, 1116, 1144, 1164.
115. Livingstone, 79.
116. CAH, VI, 303.
117. Plutarch, De Malig. Herod., ix, 856, in Dupréel, E., La Légende Socratique, Bruxelles, 1922, 415.
118. Mahaffy, Social Life, 205-6.
119. Pausanias, i, 22.
120. Diog. L., “Socrates,” iv.
121. CAH, V, 386.
122. Plato, Apology, 23; Republic, 337; Xenophon, Memor., i, 2.1.
124. Plato, Symposium, 220-1.
125. Republic, 549.
128. Aristotle in Diog. L., “Socrates,” x.
129. Cf. McClure, M., in Dewey, J., and Others: Studies in the History of Ideas, Columbia U. P., 1935, II, 31.
130. Plato, Symposium, 214.
131. Xenophon, Banquet, ii, 19.
132. Plato, Phaedrus, 229.
133. Diog. L., “Socrates,” ix.
134. Xenophon, Banquet, ii, 24.
135. Diog. L., l.c.
136. Plato, Charmides, 154-5.
137. Id., Protagoras, 309.
138. Id., Lysis, 206; Xenophon, Memor., iii, 11.
139. Ibid.
140. Ibid., iv, 8.
141. Plato, Phaedo, end.
142. CAH, V, 387-8.
143. Diog. L., “Socrates,” iii; Robertson, J. M., I, 160.
144. Plato, Apology, 41.
145. Xenophon, Banquet, i, 5.
146. Diog. L., “Socrates,” xviii.
147. Xenophon, Memor., i, 2.16.
148. In Pater, 179.
149. Plato, Protag., 338, 361.
150. Xenophon, iv, 4.9.
151. Plato, Theaetetus, 150.
152. Grote, VII, 92; Mahaffy, Greek Education, 84.
153. Cf., e.g., Charmides, 159, 161; Protag., 331, 350; Lysis, passim.
154. Diog. L., “Crito,” i.
155. Xenophon, ii, 6.28.
156. Ibid., i, 6.
157. Ibid.
158. Diog. L., “Socrates,” xiv.
159. Xenophon, iv, 1.1.
160. Diog. L., “Crito,” i.
161. Plato, Symposium, 215, 218.
162. Sextus Empiricus, Opera, Leipzig, 1840, Adversus Mathematicos, ix, 54; Botsford and Sihler, 369; Nilsson, 269; Symonds, 390.
163. Zeller, 205, 208.
164. Athenaeus, xii, 534.
165. Plato, Meno, 94.
166. Xenophon, Memor., i, 1.2; i, 3.4; ii, 6.8; iv, 7.10; Plato, Symposium, 220; Phaedo, 118; Apology, 21.
167. Zeller, 82.
168. Plato, Apology, 29.
169. Id., Cratylus, 425.
170. Xenophon, Memor., i, 1.11f.
171. Ibid., iv, 3.16.
173. iv, 7.
174. i, 1.16.
175. iv, 2.24.
176. iii, 8.3; iv, 5.9.
178. iii, 9.5.
179. i, 2.9.
180. iii, 5.15-17.
181. iv, 6.12.
182. CAH, VI, 309.
183. Xenophon, Apology, end.
1. Pausanias, ix, 22.
2. Lyra Graeca, III, 9; II, 264.
3. Pausanias, ix, 23.
4. Pindar, Olympic Ode xiv, 5.
5. Olympic Odes i-ii.
6. Frag. 76 in Pindar, Odes, p. 557.
7. CAH, IV, 511.
8. Symonds, 214.
9. Lyra Graeca, III, 7.
10. Pausanias, ix, 23.
11. Olympic i, 64.
12. Frag. 131.
13. Olympic ii, 56f, tr. C. J. Billson, in Oxford Book of Greek Verse in Translation, 294.
14. Pindar, Pythian Ode i, 81.
15. Pythian iv, 272
16. Pythian viii, 92, tr. G. Murray.
17. Paean iv, 32.
18. Symonds, 216.
19. S.v. Pratinas, Lyra Graeca, III, 49.
20. Aristophanes, II, 82, editor’s note.
21. Haigh, 37.
22. Ibid., 64.
23. Mahaffy, Social Life, 469; Symonds, 380.
24. Haigh, 266.
25. Lyra Graeca, III, 283.
26. Aristotle, Rhetoric, Loeb Library, iii, 1.
27. Ward, II, 311.
28. Lucian, “Of Pantomime,” 27.
29. Haigh, 325-7.
30. Ibid., 327, 335.
31. Flickinger, R. C., Greek Theater and Its Drama, University of Chicago Press, 1918, 132.
32. Haigh, 343.
33. Ibid., 345; Norwood, Greek Drama, 83.
34. Haigh, 344.
35. Ibid., 12, 24.
36. Ferguson, 50.
37. Haigh, 34.
38. Plato, Laws, 659, 700.
39. Herod., vi, 21.
40. CAH, IV, 172.
41. Haigh, 15.
42. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, 18f, tr. Elizabeth Barrett Browning, in Greek Dramas, N. Y., 1912, pp. 5-6.
43. Ibid., II. 459f.
44. Tr. in Murray, Greek Literature, 219.
45. Schlegel, A. W., Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature, London, 1846, 93. On the “paradox of Prometheus Bound,”—an antitheistic play by the most pious of Greek dramatists, cf. Journal of Hellenic Studies, LIII, 4of, and LIV, 14f.
46. Mahaffy, Social Life, 150; Symonds, 260; Murray, Greek Literature, 221.
47. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 11. 218f, tr. G. Murray, Oresteia, p. 44.
48. Tr. by Milman in Mahaffy, Social Life, 152.
49. Agamemnon, 1445f Oresteia, p. 100.
50. Choephoroe, 1024f Oresteia, 183.
51. Athenaeus, i, 39.
52. Schlegel, 95.
53. Agamemnon, 11. 55f.
54. Ibid., 160.
55. Eumenides, end.
56. Murray, Greek Literature, 215.
57. Botsford and Sihler, 34.
58. Athenaeus, i, 37; Schlegel, 97; Taine, H., Lectures on Art, N. Y., 1901, II, 483; Plumptre, E. H., Introd. to Tragedies of Sophocles, London, 1867, p. xxxvii.
59. Sophocles, Works, tr. F. Storr, Loeb Library, I, Introd., viii.
60. Symonds, 278.
61. Athenaeus, xiii, 81.
62. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, II, 57.
63. Murray, Greek Literature, 234.
64. Symonds, 290.
65. Sophocles, Oedipus the King, 980f.
66. Oedipus at Colonus, 668f, tr. Walter Headlam, Oxford Book of Greek Verse in Translation, 378.
67. Oedipus at Colonus, 607f, tr. Murray, Greek Literature, 249.
68. Oed. Col., 1648f tr. Murray.
69. Antigone, 332f tr. Storr.
70. Ibid., 786f.
71. Ibid., 1220f.
72. Murray, Greek Literature, 238.
73. Trachinian Women, 1265f.
74. Philoctetes, 451-2.
75. Electra, 473f
76. Oedipus the King, 863f.
77. Oed. Col., 121 if, slightly transposed, tr. A. E. Housman, in Oxford Book of Greek Verse in Translation, 378. Cf. to like effect Oedipus the King, 1187-95 and 1529-30.
78. Athenaeus, xiii, 61.
79. Symonds, 278.
80. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, II, 97.
81. Murray, Gk. Lit., 251.
82. Strabo, xiv, 1.36.
83. Diog. L., “Socrates,” ii.
84. Euripides, Hippolytus, 191-7, in Murray, Gk. Lit., 12.
85. Murray, op. cit., 34.
86. Euripides, Medea, 41 of, tr. G. Murray, Oxford, 1912, p. 15.
87. Herod., ii, 120.
88. Iphigenia in Aulis, 636-54, tr. A. S. Way, Loeb Library.
89. lph. in Aulis, tr. Webb in Mahaffy, Social Life, 202-4.
90. lph. in Aulis, 1369-84, tr. A. S. Way.
91. Hecuba, 488f, tr. Way.
92. Murray, Gk. Lit., 137.
93. Trojan Women, tr. G. Murray, Oxford, 1914.
94. Euripides, Electra, tr. Murray, Oxford, 1907, p. 77.
95. Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris, tr. Murray, Oxford, 1930.
96. Aristotle, Poetics, xiii, 4.
97. Verrall, A. W., Euripides the Rationalist, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1913, 178 and passim.
98. Elizabeth Barrett Browning referred to “Euripides the human, with his droppings of warm tears.”
99. lph. in Aulis, 957.
100. Helen, 744f tr. Way.
101. Ion, 374-8; lph. in T., 570-5; Electra, 400; Bacchae, 255-7; Hippolytus, 1059; Robertson, I, 162.
102. Euripides, Electra, tr. Murray, p. 37; Heracles, 1341; lph. in T., 386.
103. Bellerophontes, 293, tr. Symonds, 368; cf. Helen, 1137.
104. lph. in T., tr. Murray, p. 32.
105. Helen, 1688.
106. Verrall, 79.
107. Trojan Women, 884.
108. Hecuba, 282.
109. Trojan Women, prologue.
109a. Cresphontes, frag.
110. Hippolytus and the lost Stheneboea and Chrysippus.
111. Andromeda, 135, tr. Symonds, 363.
112. Norwood, 311.
113. Euripides, Medea, tr. Murray, p. 67.
114. Frag. 157 in Rohde, 438.
115. Electra, tr. Murray, p. 78.
116. Rohde, 437.
117. An uncertain frag. tr. Symonds, 367.
118. A frag, in Symonds, 366.
119. Aristophanes, Frogs, 552; Athenaeus, i, 41.
120. Symonds, 426.
121. Mahaffy, Gk. Lit., II, 98.
122. Pater, 122.
123. Plutarch, “Nicias.”
124. Greek Anthology, ix, 450.
125. Quoted by Murray, Euripides and His Age, N. Y., 1913, 10.
126. Murray, Gk. Lit., 277.
127. Aristophanes, I, 117.
128. Haigh, 260.
129. Murray, Aristophanes, 102.
130. Zeller, 203.
131. Aristophanes, I, 91.
132. Ibid., 314, 319.
133. E.g., Thesmophoriazusae II, 286; Knights, I, 11; Ecclesiazusae, II, 378.
134. Knights, I, 31.
135. Peace, I, 194. In The Birds he calls Heracles a bastard (I, 173); and in The Frogs he makes Dionysus a coward, an onanist, a lecher, and a clown.
136. Philostratus, 483.
137. Lucian, “Herodotus and Aetion,” 1; Bury, J. B., Ancient Greek Historians, N. Y., 1909, 65; Mahaffy, Gk. Lit., II, 18; Murray, Gk. Lit., 134.
138. Herod., i, 1.
139. Gibbon, Ed., Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Everyman Library, I, 77, ch. iii.
140. Strabo, xvii, 1.52.
141. Herod., iii, 101.
142. Ibid., i, 68.
143. iii, 38; ii, 3.
144. E.g., vii, 189, 191.
145. vii, 152.
146. Lucian, l.c.
147. Thuc., i, 1.21-23.
148. Mahaffy, Social Life, 208.
149. Thuc., ii, 45.
150. Ibid., viii, 24; ii, 17.
151. Murray, Gk. Lit., 1.
1. Diog. L., “Empedocles” vii.
2. Athenaeus, xii, 34.
3. Aristophanes, Acharnians, I, 111.
4. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 314.
5. Grote, V, 390.
6. Thuc., iii, 37.
7. Ibid., i, 3.75.
8. Plutarch, “Pericles.”
9. Thuc., ii, 6.8.
10. Ibid., i, 2.58-65; i, 5.139-46.
11. Jones, W. H. S., Malaria and Greek History, 132.
12. Plutarch, “Tiberius Gracchus.”
13. Aristotle, Constitution, 28.
14. Thuc., iii, 9.49-50.
15. Ibid., v, 15.22-3.
16. v, 17.84f.
17. Plutarch, “Alcibiades.”
18. Ibid.
19. Xenophon, Memor., i, 246.
20. Athenaeus, i, 5.
21. Benson, Alcibiades, 125.
22. Plutarch, l.c.
23. Thuc., vi, 18.18.
24. Ibid., 20.89.
25. viii, 24.18.
26. viii, 26.97; Aristotle, Constitution, 33.
27. Xenophon, Hellenica, Loeb Library, i, 4.13.
28. Aristotle, Constitution, 34.
29. Plutarch, “Lysander.”
30. Isocrates, Areopagiticus, 66.
31. Aristotle, op. cit., 40.
32. Murray, Gk. Lit., 176.
33. Xenophon, Memor., i, 2.32.
34. Grote, IX, 63.
35. Ueberweg, I, 81.
36. In Reinach, 96.
37. Plato, Apology, 38.
38. Ibid., 27.
39. 18.
40. 29.
41. 30.
42. Diog. L., “Socrates,” xxi.
45. Plato, Crito.
46. Xenophon, Memor., iv, 8.1.
47. Plato, Phaedo, 59-60.
48. Ibid., 89.
49. Xenophon, Apology, 28.
50. Diodorus, xiv, 37.
51. In Zeller, 201.
52. Plutarch, De Invid., 6, in Zeller, 201.
53. Diog. L., “Socrates,” xxiii.
54. Grote, IX, 88.
55. Tertullian, Apology, 14, and Augustine, City of God, viii, 3, in Zeller, 201.
1. Aristotle, Physics, Loeb Library, 1269-70; Plutarch, “Lysander,” “Lycurgus.”
2. Glotz, Greek City, 300.
3. Aristotle, Physics, 1270.
4. Xenophon, Anabasis, iv, 7-22.
5. Plutarch, Moralia, 190F.
6. Plutarch, “Agesilaus.”
7. Plutarch, Moralia, 39.
8. Ibid., 192C.
9. Aristotle, Physics, 1270.
10. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 199.
11. Xenophon, “On the Revenues,” in Minor Works.
12. Calhoun, 46-8, 93-4, 101.
13. Glotz, Anc. G., 304; CAH, VI, 72.
14. Calhoun, 109.
15. Ibid., 116; Glotz, 306.
16. Glotz, Greek City, 311; Anc. G., 201.
17. Glotz, Gk. City, 312-3.
18. Plato, Republic, iv, 422.
19. Aristotle, Politics, 1310.
20. Isocrates, Archidamus, 67. Isocrates was writing of the Peloponnesian Greeks, but probably had his fellow Athenians in mind.
21. Pöhlmann, 1, 147.
22. Plato, Laws, v, 736.
23. Vinogradoff, II, 113; Glotz, Gk. City, 318.
24. Vinogradoff, II, 205.
25. Isocrates, Antidosis, 159.
26. Glotz, Gk. City, 323; Rostovtzeff, M., Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, Oxford, 1926, 2; id.. History of the Ancient World, Oxford, 1928, II, 362; Coulanges, 493.
27. Mahaffy, Social Life, 267, 273.
28. Glotz, Gk. City, 296.
29. Ibid.
30. Athenaeus, xiii, 38f; Lacroix, I, 168.
31. Athenaeus, xii, 43.
32. Aristotle, Historia Animalium, 583a.
33. Gomme, 18, 26, 47; Athenaeus, vi, 272; Müller-Lyer, Family, 203; Grote, IV, 338.
34. Xenophon, Hellenica, vi, 1.5.
35. Isocrates, On the Peace, 50.
36. Aristotle, Problems, 29, in Vinogradoff, II, 67.
37. Demosthenes in Glotz, Gk. City, 216.
38. Aristotle, Constitution, 41.
39. Aristophanes, Clouds, 991; Plato, Theaetetus, 173.
40. Isocrates, op. cit., 59.
41. Grote, XI, 198.
42. Diodorus, x, 4.
43. Aristotle (?), Economics, ii, 2.20.
44. Lyra G., III, 366.
45. Diog. L., “Plato,” xiv; Plutarch, “Dion”; Diodorus, xv, 7; Grote, XI, 34-5. Taylor, A. E., Plato, N. Y., 1936, 5, questions the story.
46. Plato, Epistles, Loeb Library, vii.
47. Athenaeus, x, 47.
48. Plutarch, l.c.
49. Plato, l.c.
50. Plutarch, l.c.
51. Athenaeus, xii, 58.
52. In Weigall, Alexander the Great, N. Y., 1933, 19.
53. Adams, Brooks, New Empire, N. Y., 1903, 36.
54. Athenaeus, xiii, 63.
55. Mahaffy, Social Life, 425-7.
56. Glotz, Gk. City, 339.
57. Philostratus, 507.
58. Plutarch, “Phocion.”
59. Philostratus, 61.
60. Plutarch, “Alexander.”
1. Plutarch, “Demosthenes”; Moralia, 6.
2. Mahaffy, Gk. Lit., IV, 137.
3. Demosthenes, On the Crown, Loeb Library, 126, 258-9, 265.
4. Murray, Gk. Lit., 362.
5. Isocrates, Antidosis, 48.
6. Grote, G., Aristotle, London, 1872, I, 31; Murray, 344.
7. Isocrates, Panegyricus, 49.
8. Ibid., 167.
9. Ibid., 160.
10. Isocrates, On the Peace, 94.
11. Ibid., 13.
12. Isocrates, Areopagiticus, 15, 70.
13. On the Peace, 109.
14. Areopag., 20.
15. Pausanias, i, 18; so Lucian and Philostratus; cf. Murray, 350.
16. Milton’s phrase for Isocrates.
17. Diog. L., “Xenophon,” i-ii.
18. Aristophanes, Clouds, 225.
19. Plutarch, Moralia, 212B.
20. Xenophon, Economicus, x, 1-10.
21. Ibid., xiv, 7.
22. Quoted by Shotwell, 180.
23. Pausanias, viii, 45.
24. Plutarch, “Alexander.”
25. Cotterill, I, 108n.
26. Pliny, xxxv, 36, 40; Winckelmann, I, 219.
27. Pliny, xxxv, 32.
28. Ibid., xxxv, 36.
29. Ibid.
30. Aelian, Varia Historia, ii, 3, in Weigall, Alexander, 136.
31. Pliny, Lc.
32. Vitruvius, ii, 8.14.
35. Pausanias, i, 20.
36. Gardner, Greek Sculpture, 397.
37. Pausanias, v, 17.
38. Ibid., viii, 9.
39. They are listed in Murray, A. S., II, 253-4. Pliny alone mentions 28.
40. Pausanias, vi, 25.
41. Pliny, xxxvi, 41.
42. Ibid., xxxiv, 19.
43. Ibid.
1. Sarton, 127.
2. Plutarch, “Marcellus.”
3. Aristotle, Metaphysics, i, 9.
4. Plato, Hippias Major, 303.
5. Sarton, 113.
6. Aristotle, Politics, 1340.
7. Sedgwick, 76.
8. Heath, Greek Math., I, 209, 233, 252.
8a. Ibid., 354.
9. Diog. L., “Eudoxus,” i-iii; Strabo, ii, 5.14; Heath, I, 320; id., Aristarchus, 192; Grote, Plato, I, 124n; Ball, W. R., Short History of Mathematics, London, 1888, 41.
10. Heath, I, 323.
11. Heath, Aristarchus, 208.
12. Sarton, 118.
13. Ibid., 141.
14. Heath, Aristarchus, 276.
15. Heath, I, 16.
16. Arrian, Indica, London, 1893, chaps. xx-xlii.
17. Sarton, 120-1.
18. Carroll, 325.
19. In Zeller, 266.
20. Zeller, 277.
21. Athenaeus, xiii, 55.
22. Vitruvius, ii, 6.1.
23. Athenaeus, xii, 63.
24. Zeller, 357, 361.
25. Ibid., 362b.
26. Diog. L., “Aristippus,” iv.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Zeller, 367.
32. Carroll, 313.
33. Ibid.
34. Plato, Phaedo, 64.
35. Xenophon, Banquet, iii, 8.
36. Diog. L., “Antisthenes,” iv.
37. Murray, Five Stages, 116.
38. Diog. L., “Diogenes,” iii.
39. Ibid., iii, vi; Zeller, 326n.
40. Diog. L., “Diogenes,” vi.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid., x.
43. Ibid., vi.
44. Ibid.
45. Weigall, Alexander, 103.
46. Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, vii, 2; Diog. L., “Diogenes,” vi.
47. Ibid., xi.
48. Zeller, 308.
49. Diog. L., “Antisthenes,” iv.
50. Ibid., “Diogenes,” vi.
51. Plutarch, Moralia, 21F.
52. Diog. L., l.c.
53. Zeller, 319.
54. Ibid., 326.
55. Diog. L., “Diog.,” xi.
56. Murray, Five Stages, 118.
57. Pöhlmann, 86-91.
58. Zeller, 317.
59. Plato, Republic, 372.
60. Diog. L., “Plato,” i.
61. Ibid., v, x.
62. viii-ix; Cicero, De Finibus, v, 29.
62a. Plutarch, De Exilio, 10, in Capes, W. W., University Life in Ancient Athens, N. Y., 1922, 32.
63. Suidas, Lexicon, s.v. Plato, in Mahaffy, Greek Education, 122.
64. Diog. L., “Plato,” xi.
65. Mahaffy, op. cit., 128; Grote, Plato, I, 125.
66. Heath, 1, 11.
67. Plato, Republic, 539.
68. Heath, Aristarchus, 141.
69. Plutarch, Moralia, 79.
70. Plato, Epistles, vii, 531.
71. Taylor, 503.
72. Cf. Epistles, vii, 541.
73. Athenaeus, xi, 112.
74. Diog. L., “Cimon,” i-iii, “Plato,” xxxii.
75. Athenaeus, xi, 113.
76. Taylor, 20.
77. Plato, Protag., 334.
78. Symposium, 175.
79. Euthyphro, 292.
80. Charmides, 169.
81. Cratylus.
82. Phaedo, 106.
83. Theaetetus, 161.
84. Ibid., 158; Epistles, vii, 344.
85. Aristotle, Meta., i, 5-6; iii, 2; xiii, 4; Cratylus, 440.
86. Aristotle, Meta., i, 9.16, etc.
87. Plato, Phaedo, 65.
88. Ibid., 74-5, Theaetetus, 185-7.
89. Carrel, Alexis, Man the Unknown, N. Y., 1935, 236.
90. Spinoza, De Emendatione Intellectus, Everyman Library, p. 259.
91. Phaedrus, 245.
92. Philebus, 22.
93. Rep., 505.
94. Laws, 966; Phaedo, 96.
95. Sophist, 247.
96. Phaedrus, 245; Philebus, 30.
97. Meno, 81-2.
98. Gorgias, 523.
99. Phaedo, 69, 80-5, 110, 114; Rep., 615f; Timaeus, 43-4.
100. Phaedo, 91, 114.
101. Rep., 365.
102. Symp., 209.
103. Gorgias, 482.
104. Ibid., 495; Rep., 619; Philebus, 66.
105. Rep., 441, 587.
106. Philebus, 64-6.
107. Ibid., 57-8.
108. Crito, 49.
109. Ibid.; Laws, 951; Phaedo, 82.
110. Aristotle, Poetics, i, 4.
111. Rep., 424.
112. Quoted by Symonds, 411.
113. Philebus, 51; Rep., 529.
114. Symp., 206.
115. Laws, 636.
116. Symp., 201; Phaedrus, 244f.
117. Rep., 500.
118. Epistles, vii, 337.
119. Rep., 555.
120. Ibid., 557.
121. 562.
122. 565.
123. 567.
124. 496.
125. Phaedrus, 239.
126. Rep., 459.
127. 473.
128. Statesman, 297; Epistles, vii, 337.
129. Laws, 710.
130. Ibid., 704.
131. 968.
132. 761.
133. 742.
134. 744, 922-3.
135. 785.
136. 721, 774.
137. 672.
138. 885, 908-9.
139. Phaedo, 66.
140. Pater, 126.
141. Laws, 7.
142. Diog. L., “Plato,” xxv.
143. Calhoun, 125-7.
144. Locy, W. A., Growth of Biology, N. Y., 1925, 27.
145. Athenaeus, xiii, 56.
146. Grote, Aristotle, I, 8.
147. Diog. L., “Aristotle,” iv.
148. Grote, Aristotle, 1, 43.
149. Murray, Greek Epic, 99; CAH, VI, 333.
150. Aristotle, Meta., iii, 6.7-9.
151. Ibid., iv, 3.8.
152. Aristotle, On Generation, i, 2.
153. Physics, v, 3; vii, 1.
154. Aristotle, Mechanics, iii, 848-50.
155. On the Heavens, ii, 14.
156. Meteorology, i, 14.
157. Meta. xii, 8.21.
158. Pliny, viii, 16.
159. Aristotle, Parts of Animals, i, 5.
160. History of Animals, v, 21-2; ix, 39-40.
161. Ibid., vi, 22.
162. Aristotle (?), Economics, i, 3; a typically Aristotelian sentence in a work long attributed to Aristotle, but probably from a later hand.
163. History of Animals, viii, 2.
164. Reproduction of Animals, i, 15.
165. Ibid., i, 21.
166. iv, 1.
167. Hist. An., vii, 4.
168. Reprod. An., ii, 1.
169. Ibid., ii, 3.
170. ii, 12.
171. Hist. An., vi, 2-3.
172. Ibid.
173. i, 1.
174. viii, 1.
175. Ueberweg, 1, 167.
176. Sedgwick, 14.
177. Lewes, G. H., Aristotle: a Chapter in the History of Science, London, 1864, 284, 361; Lange, 81.
178. Lewes, 159.
179. Aristotle, Hist. An., ii, 3.
180. Parts of Animals, ii, 7.
181. Sarton, 128.
182. Aristotle, Politics, 1256b; Lewes, 322.
183. Aristotle, On the Soul, ii, 1.
184. Ibid., ii, 4.
185. iii, 8.
186. iii, 7.
187. Reprod. An., ii, 3.
188. Meta., viii, 44.
189. Physics, ii, 8.
190. Meta., ix, 7.
191. Poetics, i, 3.
192. Ibid., vi, 2.
193. Politics, 1137b.
194. Ethics, 1097b, 1176b.
195. Rhetoric, i, 5.4, where, in a long list of things necessary for happiness, virtue comes in a poor last.
196. Ethics, 1099a.
197. Ibid., 1153b.
198. Rhetoric, ii, 16.2.
199. Ethics, 1178a.
200. Ibid., 1125b.
201. 1098a.
202. 1178b.
203. Politics, 1267a.
204. Ibid., 1275b.
205. 1253a.
206. 1296b.
207. Ethics, 1160ab.
208. Rhetoric, ii, 15.3.
209. Politics, 1258b.
210. Ibid., 1281a.
211. 1318b.
212. 1286a.
213. 1278a.
214. 1280a.
215. 1266b.
216. 1254b.
217. 1320a.
218. Ibid.
219. 1295a.
220. 1264a.
221. 1261b.
222. 1296b.
223. 1296a.
224. 1330a.
225. 1329b.
226. Rhetoric, i, 1.7.
227. Politics, 1287a.
228. Ibid., 1265b.
229. 1335b.
230. In Ueberweg, 1, 177.
231. Pater, 141.
1. Plutarch, Moralia, 178F.
2. Mahaffy, Greek Life and Thought, 18.
3. Plutarch, “Alexander.”
4. Weigall, Alexander, 235.
5. Ibid.
6. Plutarch, l.c.
7. Plutarch, Moralia, 127B.
8. Id., “Alexander.”
8a. Id., Moralia, 180A.
9. Id., “Alexander.”
10. Ibid.; Arrian, i, 17.
11. Weigall, 50.
12. Plutarch, Moralia, 179E.
13. Id., “Alexander.”
14. Arrian, vii, 28.
15. Ibid., iii, 6.
16. Grote, History, XI, 85.
17. Weigall, 58.
18. Arrian, i, 3.
19. Weigall, 97.
20. Plutarch, “Alexander.”
21. Ibid.
22. Arrian, vii, 9.
23. Plutarch, l.c.
24. Vitruvius, ii, 2.
25. Plutarch, Moralia, 180C.
26. CAH, VI, 384.
27. Arrian, iv, 7.
28. Ibid., vi, 26.
29. vii, 4.
30. Plutarch, “Alexander.”
31. Grote, XII, 89.
32. Athenaeus, xii, 53.
33. Plutarch, Moralia, 180D.
34. Weigall, 146.
35. Plutarch, “Alexander”; Arrian, vii, 29.
36. Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead, xiv.
37. Cf. Arrian, iv, 9-11.
38. Ibid., vii, 11.
39. vii, 9-10.
40. ii, 12.
41. Plutarch, “Alexander”; Arrian, vii, 26.
42. Plutarch, l.c.
43. Grote, Aristotle, I, 23.
44. Diog. L., “Aristotle,” vii.
45. Thrasybulus in Grote, History, VIII, 263.
1. Mahaffy, Greek Life and Thought, pp. xxxv, 112.
2. Ibid., 56; Plutarch, “Demetrius.”
3. Ibid.
4. Pausanias, x, 19.
5. Ibid., 22.
6. Livy, T. L., History of Rome, xxxviii, 16; CAH, VII, 103-7,
7. Polybius, iv, 77; Pausanias, ii, 9, vii, 7; Plutarch, “Aratus.”
8. Athenaeus, vi, 103.
9. Heitland, W. E., Agricola, Cambridge University Press, 1921, 124-5.
10. Plato, Critias, 111.
11. Rostovtzeff, M., History of the Ancient World, Oxford, 1930, 1, 320.
12. Cf. Tarn, W. W., Hellenistic Civilization, London, 1927, 90.
13. Vinogradoff, II, 108-9.
14. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 366.
15. Ibid., 364.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., 331-3; Tarn, 95.
18. Tarn, 102; Heitland, 63; Glotz, 359.
19. CAH, VII, 740.
20. Ibid.
20a. Ibid., 265, 741; Tarn, 104.
21. Ibid., 34.
22. Glotz, 333.
23. Polybius, vi, 9; vii, 10; xv, 21; Glotz, Greek City, 323.
23a. Diodorus Sic., V, 41-6.
24. Bentwich, Norman, Hellenism, Phila., 1919, 62.
25. Athenaeus, xiii, 18.
26. Tarn, 82.
27. Theocritus, Idyl ii.
28. Lacroix, I, 138-9.
29. Athenaeus, in Becker, 344.
30. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 298; Tarn, 86.
31. Ibid., 88.
32. Polybius, xxxvi, 17.
33. Plutarch, “Agis.”
34. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 346.
35. Plutarch, l.c.
36. CAH, VII, 755.
37. Polybius, ii, 52; v, 38; Pausanias, ii, 9.
38. Coulanges, 467.
39. Pausanias, viii, 50.
40. Strabo, xiv, 2.5.
41. Ibid.
42. Polybius, v, 88.
1. Meeting of the Oriental Institute, Chicago, Mar. 29, 1932.
2. Plutarch, Moralia, 183F.
3. Polybius, xx, 8.
4. Ibid., xxi, 3-7; xxx, 26.
5. Ibid., xxix, 27; xxxi, 9; Bevan, E. R., House of Seleucus, London, 1902, II, 131, 158.
6. Rostovtzeff, Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, 3; Tarn, 79.
7. Toutain, 102-3.
8. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 353.
9. Rostovtzeff, Roman Empire, 3; id., Ancient World, I, 368-70; Glotz, 321.
10. Glotz, Greek City, 383.
11. Tarn, 254.
13. Josephus, Against Apion, I, 60; Bevan, 35; Tarn, 209.
14. CAH, VII, 193.
15. Sachar, A. L., History of the Jews, N. Y., 1932, 102. Cf. Zeitlin, S., History of the Second Jewish Commonwealth, Phila., 1933, 18f, or CAH, VIII, 5oif, for an economic interpretation of these intrigues.
16. Graetz, H., History of the Jews, Phila., 1891f, I, 445-6; Zeitlin, 18.
17. Bevan, I, 171; Mahaffy, J. P., Empire of the Ptolemies, London, 1895, 341.
18. CAH, VIII, 507-8.
19. I Macc., i; Josephus, Works, Boston, 1811, I, 438; Antiquities of the Jews, xii, 5.
20. Bevan, II, 154.
21. I Macc., v-vi; Bevan, 174.
22. I Macc., ii.
23. Ibid., vi.
24. Ibid., ii.
25. Ibid., ii-v.
26. Sachar, 104.
27. Bevan II, 183, 223.
1. Breccia, E., Alexandrea ad Aegyptum, Bergamo, 1922, 96; Strabo, xvii, 1.8.
2. Mahaffy, Empire, 104; Greek Life, 204.
3. Athenaeus, xiii, 37.
4. Mahaffy, Empire, 162.
5. Draper, I, 190.
6. Tarn, 148; CAH, VII, 137.
7. Ibid., 27; Rostovtzeff, Roman Empire, 259.
8. Tarn, 149-51, 155; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 345.
9. Ibid., 343.
10. Usher, 80, 85.
11. Strabo, xvii, 1.25.
12. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 353.
13. Tarn, 152; Usher, 75.
14. Glotz, l.c.
15. Rostovtzeff, Roman Empire, 432.
16. Usher, 79, 119.
17. Pliny, xxxv, 42.
18. Rostovtzeff, Ancient World, I, 373; Tarn, 102; Glotz, 350.
19. Tarn, 155.
20. Botsford and Sihler, 597.
21. Athenaeus, v, 36.
22. Pliny, xxxvi, 18.
23. Breccia, 107.
24. Tarn, 198.
25. Calhoun, 130.
26. CAH, VIII, 662.
27. Mahaffy, Greek Life, 182.
28. Mahaffy, What Have the Greeks?, 195-7.
29. Tarn, 153; CAH, VII, 28.
30. Ibid., 139-40; Tarn, 153; Mahaffy, Empire, 182, 213; Breccia, 42.
31. Breccia, 69.
32. Strabo, xvii, 1.8-10; Tarn, 146.
33. Glotz, 336.
34. Athenaeus, iii, 47.
35. Herodas, Mimiambi, i.
36. Lacroix, 1, 124.
37. Carroll, 326.
38. Graetz, 1, 418; Mahaffy, Empire, 86.
39. Josephus, Antiquities, xii, 1-2.
40. Zeitlin, 6-8; Bevan, I, 165.
41. Bentwich, 36.
42. Renan, E., History of the People of Israel, N. Y., 1888, IV, 194; V, 189.
42a. Graetz, I, 504.
43. Bevan and Singer, Legacy of Israel, Oxford, 1927, 32.
44. Josephus, Antiquities, xii, 2; Sarton, 151.
45. Sachar, 109.
46. Enc. Brit., XX, 335; Tarn, 177.
47. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 356; Tarn, 204.
48. Tarn, 158.
49. Mahaffy, Greek Life, 208.
50. Rostovtzeff, Roman Empire, 264.
51. Glotz, Greek City, 323.
52. Polybius, vii, 8.
53. Ibid.
54. Randall-Maclver, 138-9.
55. Athenaeus, v, 40.
56. Livy, xxiv, 4.
1. Polybius, ix, 2.
2. Thompson, 71.
3. Strabo, xiii, 1.54.
4. Grote, Aristotle, 50.
5. Breccia, 47.
6. Ibid., 48.
7. Mahaffy, Empire, 208.
8. Oxyrhynchus Papyri X, 1241, p. 99; Breccia, 44.
9. Tarn, 238; Symonds, 21.
10. Tarn, 237; Mahaffy, 511.
11. Waxman, M., History of Jewish Literature, N. Y., 1930, 1, 48.
12. Ibid., 49.
13. Ibid., 21.
14. Renan, IV, 258.
15. Lacroix, I, 166-7.
16. Wright, 22.
17. CAH, VII, 227.
18. Menander, Arbitrants, 679-85.
19. Bacchis in the Phormio.
20. St. Paul, I Cor., xv, 33.
21. Tarn, 219.
22. Frag. 40 in Murray, Aristophanes, 223.
23. Translation by Symonds, 454.
24. Ibid., 526.
25. Murray, Greek Literature, 381; Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 166; id., Progress of Hellenism in Alexander’s Empire, Chicago, 1905, 112.
26. Theocritus, xv, tr. Lindsay, in Oxford Book of Greek Verse, 564.
27. Theocritus, i, 123-42; tr. Sir Wm. Marris, Oxford Book, 543.
28. Tarn, 52.
29. Frag. 54 in McCrindle, J. W., Ancient India, Calcutta, 1877, 120.
30. Bury, Greek Historians, 188.
31. Polybius, xii, 25, 27, etc.
32. Ibid., xxxiv, 6; xxxviii, 6.
33. xxx, 32.
34. iii, 2.
35. vi, 2.
36. vi, 3.
37. iii. 48, 59; xii, 25; Shotwell, 199.
38. xvi, 20.
39. xii, 28.
40. v, 75.
41. xxi, 32.
42. xvi, 12.
43. vi, 43.
44. iii, 31.
45. i, 1.
46. i, 35; i, 1.
47. i, 4.
48. ix, 1; ii, 56.
49. Dionysius of Halicarnassus in CAH, VIII, 10.
1. Athenaeus, xiv, 33.
2. Mahaffy, Social Life, 467-8, 475-6.
3. Vitruvius, ix, 9; x, 13; Athenaeus, iv, 75; Oxford History of Music, Introd. Vol., 26.
4. Mahaffy, 455; id., Greek Life, 382.
5. Athenaeus, xiv, 31.
6. Strabo, xiv, 1.37.
7. In Gardner, Ancient Athens, 486.
8. Pliny, xxxv, 40.
9. Plutarch, “Aratus.”
10. Strabo, xiv, 2.5.
11. Pliny, xxxv, 36.
12. Ibid., xxxv, 37; xxxvi, 60.
13. Lessing, G. E., Laocoön, London, 1874, 15.
14. Pliny, xxxiv, 18.
15. Greek Anthology, vi, 171.
16. Pliny, l.c.
17. Bostock’s note, ibid.
18. Winckelmann, I, 229.
19. Virgil, Aeneid, ii, 49.
20. Pliny, xxxvi, 4.
21. Winckelmann, II, 325.
22. CAH, VIII, 675.
23. In Gardner, E. A., Six Greek Sculptors, London, 1910, 6.
1. Stobaeus, in Heath, Greek Mathematics, I, 357.
2. Plutarch, “Marcellus.”
3. Ball, W. W. R., Short History of Mathematics, London, 1888, 64.
4. Ibid., 66-7.
5. Plutarch.
6. Cicero, Tusc. Disp., i, 25.
7. Cicero, Rep., i, 14.
8. Singer, C., Studies in the History of Science, Oxford, 1921, II, 502.
9. Heath, II, 18.
10. Plutarch.
11. Ibid.
12. Polybius, viii, 5; Livy, xxiv, 34.
13. Heath, l.c.
14. Plutarch.
15. Polybius, l.c.
16. Plutarch.
17. Livy, xxv, 31.
18. Heath, II, 20.
19. Sarton, 184; Usher, 44.
20. Ibid., 80.
21. Ibid., 41; Sarton, 184, 195.
22. Vitruvius, i, 1.16.
23. Heath, Aristarchus of Samos, 310, 383.
24. Ibid., 302.
25. Heath, Greek Math., II, 2.
26. Williams, H. S., History of Science, N. Y., 1909, I, 233.
27. Heath, Aristarchus, 296-7; CAH, VII, 311.
28. Enc. Brit., XI, 583.
29. Tarn, 230.
30. Heath, Aristarchus, 339-40.
31. Sarton, 144; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 375.
32. Strabo, i, 3.3.
33. Ibid., 1, 4.7-9.
34. Ibid., i, 4.6.
35. Wright, 14.
36. Garrison, 102.
37. Theophrastus, History of Plants, ii. I, I, in Livingstone, Legacy, 178.
38. Locy, 37.
39. Grote, II, 17.
40. Sarton, 143.
41. Ibid., 126.
42. In Wright, 14.
43. Celsus, De Artibus, i, 4, in Botsford and Sihler, 631.
44. Botsford and Sihler, 631.
45. Sarton, 159; Garrison, 153.
46. Sextus, Empiricus, Adv. Math., xi, 50, in Livingstone, 201.
47. Garrison, 103.
48. Sarton, 159-60.
1. Carroll, 316.
2. Athenaeus, xiii, 90.
3. Diog. L., “Theophrastus,” iv-xi.
4. Theophrastus, Characters, Loeb Library, 1929, iii, xiv, etc.
5. Diog., “Xenophanes,” iii.
6. Ibid., iii-v, x.
7. Aristotle, Anal. Post., ii, 19.
8. Diog., “Pyrrho,” viii.
9. Ibid.’, iii.
10. Zeller, E., Stoics, Epicureans and Sceptics, London, 1870, 99.
11. Ibid., 503.
12. Wright, 128.
13. Ueberweg, 1, 136.
14. Polybius, xii, 26.
15. Diog., “Aristippus,” xii-xiv.
16. Lacroix, I, 160-1.
17. Diog., “Epicurus,” v.
18. Ibid., vi-viii.
19. Lucretius, v, 196; ii, 1090; Lucian, “Zeus Tragoedus,” in Works, III, 97.
20. Lucretius, ii, 292; Plutarch, Moralia, 964C.
21. Cicero, Nat. Deor., i, 20.
22. Diog., “Epicurus,” xxiv.
23. Ibid., xxvii; Murray, Greek Religion, 168.
24. Diog., xxv.
25. Athenaeus, xii, 67.
26. Diog., xxxi
27. Ibid., xxvii.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid., xxxi, 31.
30. Ibid., xxvi.
31. Ibid., xxvii.
32. Zeller, 464.
33. Diog., xxxi, 28.
34. Cf. Frags. 165, 186, 194, and 213 in Murray, 130.
35. Murray, 138.
36. Frag. 138 in Murray, 141.
37. Diog., x.
38. Athenaeus, vii, 11.
39. Becker, 325.
40. Jewish Enc., art. “Apikoros”; Bentwich, 77.
41. Zeller, 388.
42. Cicero, De Fin., i, 7.25.
43. In Murray, Greek Literature, 372.
44. Diog., “Zeno,” i–ii.
45. Ibid., xi, v.
46. Ibid., v.
47. Ibid., “Crates,” i-iv; “Hipparchia,” i-ii; Zeller, Socrates, 326n.
48. Diog., “Zeno,” xxviii-xxix.
49. Ibid., xiv.
50. Zeller, Stoics, 3711.
51. Diog., “Zeno,” ix.
52. Ibid., xxvii. Lucian, Lactantius, and Stobaeus tell the same story; cf. Zeller. 40.
53. Zeller, 59.
54. Ibid., 121.
55. Cicero, Nat. Deor., ii, 7.
56. Diog., “Zeno,” lxviii-lxxvii.
57. Tr. by Pater, 50.
58. Plutarch, De Stoic. Repug., xxi, 4, in Zeller, 178; but Plutarch was intensely prejudiced against the Stoics.
59. Oxford Book of Greek Verse, 535.
60. Zeller, 288.
61. Diog., “Zeno,” xix.
62. Ibid., lxiv.
63. Zeller, 316.
64. Diog., lxvi.
65. Zeller, 303.
66. Cicero, Tusc. Disp., i, 34.83.
67. Zeller, 327.
68. Ibid., 207.
1. Polybius, i, 1.
2. Plutarch, “Pyrrhus.”
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Mommsen, T., History of Rome, London, 1901, II, 5.
6. Plutarch, l.c.
7. Livy, xxv, 40, 31.
8. Polybius, ii, 8.
9. Ibid., v, 103.
10. Livy, xxiii, 33.
11. Polybius, xvi, 30; Livy, xxxi, 18.
12. Polybius, xviii, 45.
13. Livy, xxxiv, 52.
14. Tarn, 29.
15. Strabo, viii, 6.23.
16. Polybius, xxxix, 2; Strabo, l.c.
1. Symonds, 579.
2. Rede Lecture for 1875, in Symonds, 578.
3. Enc. Brit., II, 344.