AUTHOR’S NOTE

Place-names in Finnish are quite literal, most often constructed with a suffix that is also a noun, describing exactly what sort of terrain feature is involved. The following place-suffixes are common in this book, and a quick glance at them may help the reader visualize what some of these strange names actually stand for.

-järvi: lake

-joki: river

-lahti: bay

-niemi: cape

-ranta: beach

-saari: island

-suo: marsh

-vaara: ridge

The Finnish ä is pronounced like the a in apple.

The abbreviation JR stands for the Finnish term jalkaväki rykmentti, which means “infantry regiment”; 2/JR-16 is the designation for the Second Battalion, Sixteenth Regiment.