Preface: The Wright Myth
1. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 6.
2. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 36.
3. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 163.
4. Fred Kelly, The Wright Brothers: A Biography Authorized by Orville Wright (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1943).
5. Ibid., p. 26.
6. Ibid., p. 38.
7. Ibid., p. 39.
8. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 3.
9. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 118.
10. Kelly, Wright Brothers, p. 43.
11. Ibid., p. 45.
12. Ibid., p. 69.
13. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 6.
14. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 117.
15. Ibid., p. 118.
16. Ibid., p. 115.
17. Ibid., p. 118.
18. Rosamond McPherson Young, Twelve Seconds to the Moon (Dayton, OH: United States Air Force Museum, 1983), p. 152.
19. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 117.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., p. 89.
22. Ibid., p. 88.
23. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 8.
24. Ibid., p. 9.
25. Goldstone, Birdmen, p. xii.
26. James Tobin, To Conquer the Air: The Wright Brothers and the Great Race for Flight (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004), p. 92.
27. Goldstone, Birdmen, p. xiii.
28. Tom D. Crouch, A Dream of Wings: Americans and the Airplane, 1875–1905 (New York: W. W. Norton, 2002), p. 224.
29. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 14.
30. Ibid., p. 13.
31. Ibid., p. 14.
32. Ibid.
33. Kelly, Wright Brothers, p. 285.
34. Douglas, E. Campbell, Patent Log: Innovative Patents That Advanced the United States Navy (LuLu.com, 2013), p. 372.
PART 1: PREFLIGHT
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 450.
Chapter 1: The Biographer—1942
1. Fred C. Kelly, “Flying Machines and the War: An Interview with Orville Wright,” Colliers 55 (July 31, 1915). This article was reprinted in Frank Simonds, History of the World War, vol. 1 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1917).
2. Fred Kelly, “How the Wright Brothers Began,” Harper's Magazine, October 1939.
3. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 519.
4. Fred Kelly, Fred C. Kelly Papers (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University, Overview, 1882–1959).
5. Roz Young, “Mabel Beck's Story Part of the Wright Brothers’ History,” Dayton Daily News, November 20, 1993.
6. Katharine Wright, on behalf of Orville Wright, January 1915, Archive of Papers Concerning the Writing and Eventual Publications of a Lengthy Biography of Orville and Wilbur Wright, Christies Fine Printed Books and Manuscripts, https://www.christies.com/features/The-Wright-Brothers-revealed-in-their-letters-and-photographs-7961-1.aspx (accessed July 24, 2018).
7. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 476.
8. Young, “Mabel Beck's Story.”
9. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 516.
10. Ibid., p. 519.
Chapter 2: The Letter—1948
1. Roz Young, “Orville Did More Than Invent in His Shop—Years Can't Erase Memories,” Dayton Daily News, December 4, 1993.
2. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 476.
3. Roz Young, “Wilbur's Death Left Mabel to Insinuate Herself into Orville's Life,” Dayton Daily News, November 27, 1993; Roz Young, “Mabel Beck's Story, Part of the Wright Brothers’ History,” Dayton Daily News, November 20, 1993.
4. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 476.
5. Young, “Mabel Beck's Story”; Young, “Orville Did More than Invent.”
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Young, “Mabel Beck's Story.”
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.; Roz Young, “Mabel Alone after Orville's Death,” Dayton Daily News, December 11, 1993.
11. Ibid.
12. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 525.
13. Ibid., p. 526.
14. Ibid.
Chapter 3: The Murderer—1884
1. Paul Pfeifer, “Wilbur Wright and the Hockey Stick,” Highland County Press, August 2016.
2. “Cocaine in Coca-Cola,” Snopes, published May 19, 1999, updated April 8, 2017, https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/cocaine-coca-cola/.
3. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 65.
4. Ibid., p. 74.
5. Pfeifer, “Wilbur Wright and the Hockey Stick.”
6. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 75.
7. Ibid.
8. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 14.
9. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers Glenn Curtiss and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 35.
10. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 22.
11. Ibid., p. 25.
12. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 11.
13. Ibid., p. 14.
14. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 90.
15. Ibid., p. 91.
16. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Dover, 2013), p. 205.
17. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 77.
18. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 17.
19. Thos R. Coles, “The ‘Wright Boys’ as a Schoolmate Knew Them,” in Out West Magazine 32–33 (January 1910).
20. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 77.
21. Ibid., p. 76.
22. Ibid., p. 110.
23. Ibid., p. 93.
24. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 60.
25. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 94.
26. Ibid., p. 95.
27. Ibid., p. 96.
28. Ibid.
29. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 21.
30. James Tobin, To Conquer the Air: The Wright Brothers and the Great Race for Flight (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004), p. 46.
Chapter 4: Steam Bugs—1896
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 132.
2. Ibid., p. 134.
3. Ibid., p. 139.
4. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: the Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 20.
5. Ibid.
6. Frank Harris, Fortnightly Review 52 (New York: Leonard Scott, 1892): 445.
7. Goldstone, Birdmen, p. 20.
8. Ibid., p. 22.
9. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 138.
10. Ibid., p. 139.
11. Stephen Goddard, Race to the Sky: The Wright Brothers versus the United States Government (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2003), p. 40.
12. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 140.
13. Tom D. Crouch, A Dream of Wings: Americans and the Airplane, 1875–1905 (New York: Norton, 2002), p. 159.
14. Ibid., p. 160.
15. Goddard, Race to the Sky, p. 24.
16. Crouch, Dream of Wings, p. 160.
17. Ibid., p. 162.
18. American Engineer and Railroad Journal, Proceedings on the International Conference on Aerial Navigation Held in Chicago, August 1, 2, 3, and 4, 1893 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration, Baker Library, 1894).
19. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 149.
Chapter 5: Typhoid—1896
1. Bronwyn Rae, “Water, Typhoid Rates, and the Columbian Exposition in Chicago,” Public Health Review 2 (2015).
2. Emil C. Gotschlich, “Bullets and Bacilli: The Spanish American War and Military Medicine,” Journal of Clinical Investigation 115, no. 1 (January 3, 2005).
3. Kurt Ray, Typhoid Fever (New York: Rosen, 2002), p. 13.
4. Richard Maurer, The Wright Sister: Katherine Wright and Her Famous Brothers (New York: Macmillan, 2016), p. 88.
5. Tom D. Crouch, First Flight: The Wright Brothers and the Invention of the Airplane (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2002), p. 24.
6. Ibid., p. 25.
7. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 113.
8. Thomas Means, Aeronautical Annual (New York: W. E. Clarke, 1894), p. 25.
9. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 22.
10. Ibid., p. 24.
11. Crouch, First Flight, p. 29.
12. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 29.
13. Etienne Jules Mary, Popular Science Monthly 6 (1874): 248.
14. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 4.
15. Ibid., p. 5.
16. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 160.
17. Washington Post, December 24, 1897.
18. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 160.
19. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 5.
20. Wilbur Wright, “The Story of Flight,” Aeronautics 15 (1914).
21. Terrance MacDonald, Firsts in Flight: Alexander Graham Bell and His Innovative Airplanes (Halifax, NS: Formac, 2017), p. 37.
Chapter 6: Inventors—1900
1. Cecil Roseberry, Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Flight (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1972), p. 3.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., p. 27.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Samuel Langley, Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, vols. 1–2 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1911), p. 280.
Chapter 7: School of One—1900
1. Fred Kelly, The Wright Brothers: A Biography Authorized by Orville Wright (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1943), p. 300.
2. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 110.
3. Ibid.
4. Tom D. Crouch, First Flight: The Wright Brothers and the Invention of the Airplane (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2002), p. 34.
5. Kelly, Wright Brothers, p. 34.
6. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 11.
7. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 35.
8. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 11.
9. Ibid., p. 15.
10. Ibid., p. 17.
11. Ibid., p. 16.
12. Ibid., p. 18.
13. Ibid., p. 238.
14. Ibid., p. 15. Italics added.
15. Howard, Wilbur and Orville, p. 39.
16. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 18.
17. Ibid., p. 20.
18. Howard, Wilbur and Orville, p. 37.
19. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 41.
20. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 21.
21. Ibid., p. 22.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., p. 23.
25. Ibid.
Part 2: FLIGHT
Chapter 8: The Pilgrim—1900
1. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 24.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 44.
7. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 24.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 25.
10. Ibid.
11. Renee Wright, Explorer's Guide North Carolina's Outer Banks and Crystal Coast (New York: Countryman, 2013), p. 81.
12. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 12.
13. David Stick, An Outer Banks Reader (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), p. 233.
14. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 2, 1906–1948, p. 1161.
15. Patty Wilson, Haunted North Carolina, Ghosts, and Strange Phenomena of the Tar Heel State (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 2009), p. 47.
16. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 284.
17. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of The Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 45.
18. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 25.
19. Ibid., p. 26.
20. McCullough, The Wright Brothers, p. 46.
21. Wright and Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, p. 281.
22. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 34.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid., p. 26.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 188.
30. Ibid., p. 163.
31. Ibid., p. 124.
32. Ibid., p. 163.
33. Ibid., p. 188.
34. John E. Walsh, One Day at Kitty Hawk: The Untold Story of the Wright Brothers and the Airplane (New York: Crowell, 1975), p. 104.
35. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 38.
36. Ibid., p. 32.
37. Ibid., p. 39.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid., p. 33.
40. Ibid., p. 32.
41. Ibid., p. 31.
42. Ibid., p. 39.
43. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 49.
44. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 29.
45. Ibid., p. 30.
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid., p. 39.
Chapter 9: The Wright Sister—1900
1. Richard Maurer, The Wright Sister: Katherine Wright and Her Famous Brothers (New York: Macmillan, 2016), p. 128.
2. Charles Yrigoyen and Susan Warre, Historical Dictionary of Methodism (Lantham, MD: Scarecrow, 2013), p. 362.
3. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 87.
4. Maurer, Wright Sister, p. 30.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 31.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 35.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., p. 53.
12. Ibid.
13. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 27.
14. Ibid., p. 28.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid., p. 27.
Chapter 10: Kill Devil Hills—October 18, 1900
1. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 31.
2. Ibid., p. 38.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 46.
7. Ibid., p. 30.
8. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 191.
9. Lester Garber, The Wright Brothers and the Birth of Aviation (Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire: Crowood, 2005), p. 95.
10. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 276.
11. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Shuster, 2016), p. 55.
12. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 190.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 52.
16. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 198.
17. Howard, Wilbur and Orville, p. 53.
18. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 106.
19. Larry Tise, Conquering the Sky: The Secret Flights of the Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk (New York: St. Martin's, 2009), p. 24.
20. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 43.
Chapter 11: The Mentor—1901
1. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 40.
2. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 201.
3. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 41.
4. Ibid., p. 43.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 44.
7. Ibid., p. 45.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 54.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., p. 58.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., p. 61.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 41.
16. Ibid., p. 44.
Chapter 12: Dangerous Times—1901
1. Scott Miller, The President and the Assassin: McKinley, Terror, and Empire at the Dawn of the American Century (New York: Random House, 2013), p. 302.
2. Western Society of Engineers, Journal of the Western Society of Engineers 2 (1897): 595.
3. Cecil Roseberry, Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Flight (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1972), p. 35.
4. Ibid., p. 36.
5. Ibid., p. 40.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., p. 42.
8. Ibid., p. 43.
9. Ibid., p. 45.
10. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 47.
11. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 56.
12. Ibid., p. 56.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid., p. 57.
15. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 227.
16. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 205.
17. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 63.
18. Ibid., p. 66.
Chapter 13: Return to Kitty Hawk—1901
1. Marvin McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 55.
2. Ibid., p. 70.
3. Ibid., p. 68.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., p. 72.
6. Ibid., p. 73.
7. Steven Hensley and Julia Hensley, The Unwelcome Assistant: Edward C. Huffaker and the Birth of Aviation (Johnson City, TN: Overmountain, 2003), p. 101.
8. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 61.
9. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 69.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., p. 70.
12. Ibid., p. 73.
13. Ibid., p. 74.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Shuster, 2016), p. 60.
18. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 108.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid., p. 108.
21. Ibid., p. 81.
22. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 209.
23. Wilbur Wright, “Some Aeronautical Experiments,” Journal of the Western Society of Engineers 6 (1901): 501.
24. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 75.
25. Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, “Correcting Smeaton,” https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/wright-brothers/online/fly/1901/smeaton.cfm.
26. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 210.
27. Wright, “Some Aeronautical Experiments,” p. 503.
28. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 62.
29. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 77.
30. Patrick Nolan and John Zamonski, The Wright Brothers Collection (Columbus, OH: Wright State University, 1977), p. 165.
31. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 212.
32. Ibid.
33. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 32.
34. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 213.
35. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 81.
36. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 213.
37. Stephen Goddard, Race to the Sky: The Wright Brothers versus the United States Government (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2003), p. 101.
38. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 83.
39. Howard, Wilbur and Orville, p. 67.
40. Ibid.
41. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 210.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid., p. 213.
44. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 84.
45. Ibid., p. 150.
46. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 213.
Chapter 14: Wilbur Unleashed—1901
1. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 91.
2. Ibid., p. 92.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., p. 99.
5. Ibid., p. 93.
6. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 99.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 95.
10. Ibid., p. 116.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., p. 100.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid., p. 99.
15. Ibid., p. 100.
16. Ibid., p. 103.
17. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 32.
18. Wilbur Wright, “Some Aeronautical Experiments,” Journal of the Western Society of Engineers 6 (1901): 506.
19. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 115.
20. Ibid., p. 116.
Chapter 15: Tunnel Vision—1901
1. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 32.
2. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 69.
3. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 156.
4. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 53.
5. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 185.
6. Ibid., p. 115.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., p. 183.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., p. 187.
11. Ibid., p. 183.
Chapter 16: The Smithsonian—1902
1. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 261.
2. Ibid., p. 257.
3. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 25.
4. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 96.
Chapter 17: The Movable Rudder—1902
1. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 260.
2. Fred Kelly, The Wright Brothers: A Biography Authorized by Orville Wright (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1943), p. 78.
3. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 269.
4. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 77.
5. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 260.
6. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 89.
7. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, p. 470.
8. Ibid.
9. Howard, Wilbur and Orville, p. 82.
10. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 281.
Chapter 18: United States Patent Office—1903
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 246.
2. Ibid., p. 254.
3. Thomas Hill, “Status of the Wrights’ Suits,” Aeronautics 5–7 (1909): 122.
4. Stephen Goddard, Race to the Sky: The Wright Brothers versus the United States Government (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2003), p. 117.
Chapter 19: The Western Society of Engineers—1903
1. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 13.
2. Ibid., p. 11.
3. Ibid., p. 231.
4. Ibid., p. 9.
5. Ibid., p. 10.
6. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 323.
7. Ibid., p. 597.
8. John Klooster, Icons of Invention, vol. 1 (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2009), p. 382.
9. Wilbur Wright, “Observations in Soaring Flight,” Journal of the Western Society of Engineers 8 (August 1903): 410.
10. Ibid., p. 415.
11. Ibid., p. 416.
Chapter 20: The Great Embarrassment—1903
1. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control The Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 77.
2. Ibid., p. 78.
3. Ibid., p. 79.
Chapter 21: Great Things—September 23, 1903
1. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 85.
2. Ibid., p. 86.
3. Marvin McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 357.
4. Ibid., p. 356.
5. Ibid., p. 359.
6. Ibid., p. 365.
7. Ibid., p. 367.
8. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 115.
9. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 364.
10. Ibid., p. 373.
11. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 230.
12. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 374.
13. Howard, Wilbur and Orville, p. 117.
14. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 378.
15. Ibid., p. 381.
16. Ibid., p. 379.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., p. 380.
19. Ibid., p. 381.
20. Ibid., p. 383.
21. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 99.
22. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 388.
23. Ibid., p. 389.
24. Ibid., p. 390.
25. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 79.
26. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 390.
27. Ibid., p. 385.
28. First Flight Foundation, “Coin Toss,” https://firstflightfoundation.org/coin-toss/.
29. Ibid., p. 392.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
Chapter 22: The Photograph—December 17, 1903
1. Marvin McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 394.
2. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 135.
3. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 394.
4. Ibid., p. 395.
5. Ibid.
6. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 105.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 358.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., p. 397. Please note, this initial telegram was incorrect; the fourth flight lasted 59 seconds.
13. Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, “1903 Wright Flyer Fabric Taken to Moon: Apollo 11,” https://airandspace.si.edu/multimedia-gallery/430-l1-s1hjpg.
14. Ibid. The initial telegram was erroneous; the fourth flight had a duration of 59 seconds.
15. Ibid., p. 403.
16. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 212.
17. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 403.
18. Ibid., p. 396.
19. Ibid., p. 395.
20. Ibid.
21. Torenbeek Wittenberg, Flight Physics: Essentials of Aeronautical Disciplines and Technology, with Historical Notes (Dordrecht: Springer Science and Business Media, 2009), p. 1.
22. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 396.
23. Ibid.
PART 3: LANDINGS
Chapter 23: Fliers or Liars—1906
1. Cecil Roseberry, Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Flight (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1972), p. 52.
2. James Tobin, To Conquer the Air: The Wright Brothers and the Great Race for Flight (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004), p. 250.
3. Roseberry, Glenn Curtiss, p. 63.
4. Ibid., p. 48.
5. Ibid., p. 71.
6. Ibid., p. 51.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., p. 52.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 284.
12. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 120.
13. “The Wright Aeroplane and Its Fabled Performances,” Scientific American 94, no. 2, January 13, 1905.
14. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 271.
15. Fred Kelly, The Wright Brothers: A Biography Authorized by Orville Wright (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1943), p. 105.
16. Ibid., p. 106.
17. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 409.
18. Popular Aviation, December 1928, p. 14.
19. Kelly, Wright Brothers, p. 109.
20. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 274.
21. Ibid., p. 277.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Harper's Magazine, 1940, p. 288.
25. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 437.
26. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 126.
27. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 514.
28. Kelly, Wright Brothers, p. 138.
29. Herbert Molloy Mason, The United States Air Force: A Turbulent History (New York: Charter, 1976), p. 5.
30. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 128.
31. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 277.
32. Ibid., p. 313.
33. Ibid., p. 132.
34. Kelly, Wright Brothers, p. 136.
35. Ibid.
36. Roseberry, Glenn Curtiss, p. 53.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid., p. 54.
39. Ibid., p. 81.
40. Ibid., p. 82.
Chapter 24: Death in the Sky—September 17, 1908
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 376.
2. Marvin McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 2, 1906–1948 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 907.
3. Mark Eppler, The Wright Way: 7 Problem Solving Principles from the Wright Brothers (New York: AMACOM, 2003), p. 182.
4. Ibid.
5. Cecil Roseberry, Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Flight (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1972), p. 124.
6. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 376.
7. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 2, 1906–1948, p. 907.
8. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 260.
9. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 137.
10. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 2, 1906–1948, p. 937.
11. Goldstone, Birdmen, p. 140.
12. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 2, 1906–1948, p. 925.
13. Ibid., p. 900.
14. Goldstone, Birdmen, p. 130.
15. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 2, 1906–1948, p. 954.
Chapter 25: Return to Eden—1908
1. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 53.
Chapter 26: The Injunction—1910
1. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 149.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., p. 262.
5. Ibid., p. 180.
6. Ibid., p. 181.
7. Ibid., p. 185.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 186.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., p. 189.
13. Ibid., p. 181.
14. Ibid., p. 182.
Chapter 27: Warped by the Desire for Great Wealth—1911
1. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 203.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid., p. 204.
4. Ibid., p. 207.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 219.
7. Ibid., p. 224.
8. Ibid., p. 221.
9. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 2, 1906–1948 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 862.
10. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Random House, 2014), p. 202.
11. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 2, 1906–1948, p. 962.
12. Ibid., p. 972.
13. Ibid., p. 979.
14. Ibid., p. 981.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid., p. 983.
Chapter 28: Final Flight—1912
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 447.
2. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 380.
3. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 447.
4. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 2, 1906–1948 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 1043.
5. Ibid., p. 1044.
6. Flying Association, “Flying,” Journal of the Flying Association 1 (1912), p. 52, cited in Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 449.
7. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 451.
8. Ibid., p. 460.
9. “Wright Curtiss Litigation Ended, Patent Upheld,” Aeronautics 14, January 31, 2014, p. 21.
10. Ibid.
11. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 2, 1906–1948, p. 1073.
12. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Random House, 2014), p. 262.
13. Ibid.
Chapter 29: The Great Flood—1914
1. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Random House, 2014), p. 262.
2. Ibid., p. 450.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., p. 454.
6. Roz Young, “Mabel Beck's Story,” Dayton Daily News, November 20, 1993.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
Chapter 30: To Fly Again—1914
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys, A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 485.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., p. 486.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
Chapter 31: Hammondsport, New York—1915
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 486.
2. Ibid., p. 489.
3. Ibid.
4. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 2, 1906–1948 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 1090.
5. Ibid., p. 1091.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 1092.
10. Ibid.
11. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 487.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 492.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., p. 481.
Chapter 32: Middle of the Atlantic Ocean—1928
1. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 247.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 491.
Chapter 33: A Test of Wills—1930
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 492.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., p. 493.
5. Ibid., p. 488.
6. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 115.
7. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 2, 1906–1948 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 737.
8. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 488.
9. Ibid., p. 490.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., p. 491.
14. Ibid., p. 492.
15. Ibid.
Chapter 34: The Lone Eagle—1934
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 493.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid., p. 494.
4. Ibid.
5. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 495.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., p. 487.
8. Ibid., p. 493.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., p. 494.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., p. 495.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Susan Hertog, Anne Morrow Lindbergh: Her Life (New York: Anchor, 2000), p. 345.
16. Ibid., p. 324.
17. Ibid.
18. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 495.
19. Ruth Sarles, A Story of America First: The Men and Women Who Opposed US Intervention in World War II (New York: Greenwood, 2003), p. 56.
20. Max Wallace, The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich (New York: St. Martin's, 2003), p. 374.
Chapter 35: The Battle of Britain—1940
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 496.
Chapter 36: The Authorized Biography—1943
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 520.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., p. 521.
6. Ibid.
Chapter 37: Washington, DC—1943
1. Fred Howard, Wilbur And Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 440.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
Chapter 38: Mabel Beck—1948
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 503.
2. Ibid., p. 431.
Epilogue
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 529.
2. Ibid., p. 527.
3. Roz Young, “Mabel Beck's Story, Part of the Wright Brothers’ Story,” Dayton Daily News, November 20, 1993; Roz Young, “Mabel Alone after Orville's Death,” Dayton Daily News, December 11, 1993.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.; “Letters of Love: Correspondence Reveals Orville's Feelings for Mabel,” Dayton Daily News, January 22, 1994.
6. Associated Press, “Wright Flyer Replica Fails to Fly,” Wired, December 17, 2003.