This book is about target shooting with a handgun (with the exception of a small section on handgun hunting, which for most of us is only an infrequent activity). However, in my opinion, the popularity of target shooting with a handgun belies, or is incidental to, the overriding reason people are buying, owning, and training themselves in the use of handguns in ever-growing numbers—self-defense.
During the last century or so, by far the most popular use of the handgun has been for target shooting. It is estimated that several million Americans engage in the sport of shooting at targets simply for practice, for pleasure, or to engage in competition matches. Likely every small town in America has at least one handgun shooting range.
But today, as law-abiding Americans witness the rise of violent crime in their neighborhoods, the increased use of guns by criminals, the higher rates of recidivism among our prison populations, and the pardons of many violent felons, many of our citizens are turning to another important use of the handgun: self-defense. And it is to that purpose that this book is dedicated: to school you in handgun target shooting in order to equip you with the skills to effectively defend yourself and others against felonious attack.
The handgun is the ideal tool for self-defense. It is relatively short and small, can be operated with one hand if necessary, can be conveniently stored and carried, and, unlike a rifle or shotgun, can be brought into action and used in the close confines of a room in your home, or even your automobile.
But if a handgun has to be used, it has to be used effectively; that is, accurately. The irresponsible discharge of a handgun in untrained hands is like the detonation of a stick of dynamite. Its effects are random, unpredictable, and potentially deadly.
This is an awesome personal responsibility. You would not be taking the time to read this book if you did not agree. And to meet that responsibility, you must train yourself in the effective and accurate use of the handgun. This requires two things. First, you must study and learn the principles of handgun marksmanship set forth in the following pages. Second, you must put these principles into action with repetitive sessions of handgun target shooting on the range. Mastering handgun marksmanship by target shooting—at whatever distance and degree of accuracy you wish to achieve—is the absolute prerequisite to the effective use of the handgun in defense of yourself and others.
For centuries wars were won and men died by the sword. All of that changed with the invention of gunpowder sometime during the twelfth or thirteenth century, followed by the invention of cannons, muskets, and handguns sometime during the fourteenth century.
Since then, the handgun has acquired more notoriety than any other type of firearm, probably because of its association with a number of famous historical events, including the duel in 1804 between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr that resulted in Hamilton’s death; the death of Russian poet Alexander Pushkin in an 1837 duel; the battles of the American Civil War, during which prolific use of the handgun by Union and Confederate forces became widespread; John Wilkes Booth’s assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865 (with a Philadelphia derringer); and the legendary encounters between gunslingers and lawmen on our western frontier in the 1900s.
At first, handguns were crude, almost toylike, unreliable weapons. But over time a series of changes were made that improved reliability. Chief among these were firing mechanisms that ignited gunpowder to create the energy to propel a lead ball down the barrel—first the matchlock, which used match cord to ignite gunpowder in a flash pan; then the wheel lock, which created sparks to ignite the powder; followed by snap lock, snaphaunce, and flintlock designs, which utilized a variety of hammer devices to strike a small piece of flint to produce ignition. These handgun ignition mechanisms prevailed for nearly two hundred years, even though they were frequently subject to misfire and had the disadvantage in night combat of revealing the shooter’s position by the flash of the igniting gunpowder.
These deficiencies were cured in 1807 when the Scottish minister Alexander John Forsyth invented the percussion-cap lock, in which the firing mechanism no longer used a flash pan, but rather a tube leading straight into the gun barrel to ignite a cap that exploded when struck. Caplock revolvers proved to be a tactical success in the Civil War, when thousands were used by both Union and Confederate forces.
Thereafter, throughout the balance of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century, in America as well as Europe, numerous new handgun mechanisms were invented, including single- and double-action revolvers, the Lee box magazine, semiautomatic mechanisms, and both rimfire and centerfire handgun cartridges.
In America, four handgun designs are worthy of special mention.
First, and unquestionably the most famous handgun design in American history, is that of Samuel Colt, including the 1836 Colt Paterson revolver and its famous successors: Colt’s Walker Army revolvers, used by the U.S. Cavalry in the Mexican War of 1846–1848; and Colt’s Navy or 1851 Colt model.
Another enduring American handgun design was that of John Browning, the 1911 Colt .45, made famous by its tremendous stopping power when used by the U.S. Army against Moro guerrillas in the Philippines at the turn of the twentieth century.
In 1915, John Browning also invented the Colt Woodsman .22 semiautomatic rimfire pistol, which for years was the favorite handgun of target shooters.
A fourth lasting American handgun design is Elmer Keith’s and Philip B. Sharpe’s 1934 Smith & Wesson .357 Magnum of Dirty Harry fame.
Arms manufacturers in Europe also created several legendary handguns. Likely the most famous European handgun is the German Luger, first introduced in 1902. The Luger, also known as the 9 mm Parabellum (the name Parabellum comes from the Latin phrase Si vis pacem, para bellum—“If you wish peace, prepare for war”), was followed in 1906 by the world-famous Luger model, Pistole .08.
Use by a young Winston Churchill in the Battle of Omdurman in Sudan in 1898 brought fame to the Mauser C96 “Broomhandle,” the first reliable semiautomatic pistol. (The pistol’s unusual name derives from the handgun’s cumbersome grip.)
In 1929, the German firm of Carl Walther Waffenfabrik invented what experts at the time considered an even more reliable semiautomatic, the Walther Model PP (Polizei Pistole).
In 1982, Austrian Gaston Glock introduced his revolutionary polymer design, the Glock 17. Since then, the Glock firm has manufactured an astounding 2,500,000 pistols in a variety of models and calibers. The Glock is the handgun of choice for scores of armies and police forces around the world. Today it commands sixty-five percent of the handgun market share in the United States.
For target shooting up to hunting big game as large as bears—from the lightest single-shot rimfire .22 target pistol up to the awesome Smith & Wesson .500 Magnum revolver (which when loaded with five two-inch .50 caliber cartridges weighs five pounds!)—there are available today a wide variety of handgun designs in a wide variety of calibers and ammunition loads, from numerous American and international arms manufacturers, among them Armalite; Armscor; Astra; Beretta; Bersa; Browning; Ceská Zbrojovka; Charter Arms; Cimarron; Colt; Dan Wesson; FNH; Freedom Arms; Glock; Heckler & Koch; High-Point; Hi-Standard; Iver Johnson; Kahr Arms; Kimber; Makarov; North American Arms; Para; Remington; Rohrbaugh; Rossi; Savage; SIG Sauer; Springfield Armory; Steyr; Sturm, Ruger & Co.; Taurus; Thompson/Center; Uberti; U.S. Firearms; Walther; and Webley & Scott.
All of these manufacturers now maintain web sites where you can acquaint yourself with the specifications and prices of their handgun models.