GLOSSARY

Alpino (pl. Alpini) Mountain infantry.
Ardito (pl. Arditi) World War I assault troops.
Armi d’accompagnamento Support weapons.
Banderas Blackshirt battalions in Spain.
Battaglione ‘M’ Elite battalion, formed on 1 October 1941.
Camicia Nera (pl. Camicie Nere, CCNN) Blackshirt.
Centuria Early sub-unit of the legione, equivalent to a company.
Comando Generale della MVSN MVSN’s general staff
Complementi Replacements.
Coorte Early sub-unit of the legione, equivalent to a battalion.
Corpo Truppe Volontarie (CTV) Italian volunteers in Spain.
Da sbarco Amphibious Blackshirt ‘M’ battalions.
Fascio Bundle of fasces.
Fasci di combattimento Early Fascist organization.
Gruppo battaglioni Battalion group (containing three or four).
Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana (GNR) National Republican Guard, formed in 1943–44.
Legionario Legionnaire, unofficially used until 25 July 1943 and the official designation for the Blackshirts after Mussolini’s downfall.
Legione Basic Blackshirt unit (equivalent to a regiment).
Milizia Volontaria Sicurezza Nazionale (MVSN) National Security Volunteer Militia.
Partito Fascista Repubblicano Fascist party in German-occupied Italy, 1943–45.
Raggruppamento (pl. Raggruppamenti) Higher echelon with two legioni or gruppo battaglioni.
Ras Fascist local leader.
Repubblica Sociale Italiana (RSI) Mussolini’s state in German-occupied Italy, 1943–45.
Squadra d’Azione (pl. Squadre d’Azione) Early Blackshirt organization.
Squadrista (pl. Squadristi) Member of the Squadre d’Azione.
Table of ranks
Blackshirt rank Equivalent/meaning
Comandante generale Lieutenant-general
Luogotenente generale Major-general
Console generale Brigadier-general
Console Colonel
Primo seniore* Lieutenant-colonel
Seniore Major
Primo centurione* Senior captain
Centurione Captain
Primo capo manipolo* Senior lieutenant
Capo manipolo Lieutenant
Sotto capo manipolo* Second lieutenant
Primo aiutante* Warrant officer 1st class
Aiutante capo* Warrant officer 2nd class
Aiutante* Warrant officer 3rd class
Primo capo squadra* Staff sergeant
Capo squadra Sergeant
Vice capo squadra* Corporal
Camicia nera scelta* Lance corporal
Camicia nera Private
Note
*Rank introduced February–July 1936.