Last Hope Island

“outgrown the continent”: Jeremy Paxman, The English: A Portrait of a People (Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2000), 32.

“sustained by a peculiar”: Murrow manuscript, undated, Edward R. Murrow Papers, Tufts University.

“How horrible”: Times (London), Sept. 28, 1938.

“After gallant France”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 7: Road to Victory, 1941–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), 1344.

“It’s impossible to explain”: Tangye Lean, Voices in the Darkness: The Story of the European Radio War (London: Secker & Warburg, 1943), 149.

“Occupation had descended”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange (London: Sphere, 1982), 38.

“drunk with happiness”: Mrs. Robert Henrey, The Incredible City (London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1944), 2.

“Together, we have formed”: M. Lisiewicz et al., eds., Destiny Can Wait: The Air Force in the Second World War (Nashville, TN: Battery Press, 1949), 343.

“No matter our”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, In Pursuit of Life (Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Sutton, 2003), 110.

“all those insane”: Eve Curie, Journey Among Warriors (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1943), 481.

“full dress and orders”: Florence Jaffray Harriman, Mission to the North (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1941), 248.

“to defend them”: Ibid.

“Majesty”: François Kersaudy, Norway 1940 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 68.

“If Hitler comes”: Ibid., 12.

“It was very difficult”: Richard Petrow, The Bitter Years: The Invasion and Occupation of Denmark and Norway, April 1940–May 1945 (New York: William Morrow, 1974), 71.

“my old bathtubs”: Kersaudy, Norway 1940, 11.

“so that Norwegian”: Ibid.

“war was the kind”: Sigrid Undset, Return to the Future (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1942), 6.

“I actually have plans”: Julia Gelardi, Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2005), 64.

“so socialistic”: Ibid., 148.

“Vermont offhandedly trying”: John van der Kiste, Northern Crowns: The Kings of Modern Scandinavia (Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Sutton, 1996), 57.

“Herre Konge”: Gelardi, Born to Rule, 148.

“You don’t know me”: van der Kiste, Northern Crowns, 87.

“All the small nations”: Tim Greve, Haakon VII of Norway: Founder of a New Monarchy (London, Hurst, 1985), 117.

“We are fighting”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 6: Finest Hour, 1939–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983), 106.

“at all costs”: Kersaudy, Norway 1940, 49.

“how completely senseless”: Halvdan Koht, Norway: Neutral and Invaded (New York: Macmillan, 1941), 68.

“the nation that bowed”: Ibid., 71.

“Reservists and volunteers”: Kersaudy, Norway 1940, 101.

“in flight again”: Willy Brandt, In Exile: Essays, Reflections and Letters, 1933–1947 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1971), 22.

“the cause of a free Norway”: Ibid., 165.

“I think we all”: Harriman, Mission to the North, 258–89.

“hysterical half-men”: Undset, Return to the Future, 8.

“could not appoint”: Kersaudy, Norway 1940, 103.

“The government is free”: Ibid., 104.

“That instant”: Ibid.

“this ridiculously small”: Jack Adams, The Doomed Expedition: The Norwegian Campaign of 1940 (London: Leo Cooper, 1989), 31.

“The king”: Kersaudy, Norway 1940, 106.

“not good haters”: C. J. Hambro, I Saw It Happen in Norway (New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1940), 150.

“an army of marauders”: Undset, Return to the Future, 5.

“With the weak”: Hambro, I Saw It Happen in Norway, 161.

“The idea of”: Lord Ismay, The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay (New York: Viking, 1960), 119.

“There were no”: Kersaudy, Norway 1940, 141.

“elementary knowledge”: Magne Skodvin, “Norwegian Neutrality and the Challenge of War,” in Britain and Norway in the Second World War, ed. Patrick Salmon (London: HMSO, 1995), 16.

“We’ve been massacred!”: Leland Stowe, No Other Road to Freedom (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1941), 143.

“one of the costliest”: Philip Knightley, The First Casualty (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975), 227.

“Always too late”: John Keegan, ed., Churchill’s Generals (London: Cassell, 2007), Kindle edition, loc. 632.

“So Norway is”: Kersaudy, Norway 1940, 170.

“Please tell me”: Ibid., 171.

“You are killing”: Ibid., 178.

“blame should be attached”: Ibid., 88.

“The strict observance”: Gilbert, Finest Hour, 228.

“considering the prominent part”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 1: The Gathering Storm (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), 649–50.

“You ask what”: William Manchester, The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Alone, 1932–1940 (New York: Dell, 1988), 678.

“They have come”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange (London: Sphere, 1982), 15.

“had been expecting”: Ibid.

“who is so popular”: Roger Keyes, Outrageous Fortune: The Tragedy of Leopold III of the Belgians, 1901–1941 (London: Secker & Warburg, 1984), 212.

“an immoral system”: Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange, 16.

“no one has given”: “Worried Queen,” Time, November 27, 1939.

“I raise a fierce”: H. R. H. Wilhelmina, Princess of the Netherlands, Lonely but Not Alone (London: Hutchinson, 1960), 151.

“make a bold”: Ibid., 37.

“great deeds”: Ibid., 50.

“the cage”: Ibid., 42.

“any kind of initiative”: Ibid.

“If you are naughty”: “Caged No More,” Time, Dec. 7, 1962.

“In certain respects”: John Wheeler-Bennett, Friends, Enemies, and Sovereigns (London: Macmillan, 1976), 158.

“I fear no man”: Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange, 113.

“By the spring”: Wilhelmina, Lonely but Not Alone, 147–48.

“Our little speck”: Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange, 10.

“a great new power”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 86–87.

“bewildered and dazed”: Lord Ismay, The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay (New York: Viking, 1960), 126.

“Even if the troops”: Ibid.

“haggard and worn”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 6: Finest Hour, 1939–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983), 309.

“was her”: Sarah Bradford, The Reluctant King: The Life and Reign of George VI, 1895–1952 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1989), 315.

“calm and unruffled”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 209.

“be the last man”: Wilhelmina, Lonely but Not Alone, 154.

“She was naturally”: Bradford, The Reluctant King, 315.

“When it is a question”: “Leopold Goes to War,” Time, May 20, 1940.

“inviolability of Belgian territory”: Roger Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 4.

“carry the conflict”: Ibid., 109.

“a determined”: Brian Bond, Britain, France and Belgium, 1939–1940 (London: Brassey’s, 1990), 98.

“fought like lions”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 190.

“if the quality”: Bond, Britain, France and Belgium, 98.

“We have been defeated!”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 2: Their Finest Hour (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1949), 42.

“It is so much”: Janet Teissier du Cros, Divided Loyalties (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), xxiv.

“The real truth”: John C. Cairns, “A Nation of Shopkeepers in Search of a Suitable France: 1919–1940,” American Historical Review, June 1974.

“America is far away”: Robert Tombs and Isabelle Tombs, That Sweet Enemy: Britain and France: The History of a Love-Hate Relationship (New York: Vintage, 2008), 502.

“France wanted revenge”: Margaret MacMillan, Peacemakers: The Paris Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War (London: John Murray, 2001), 39.

“the English have”: Tombs and Tombs, That Sweet Enemy, 541.

“A genuine alliance”: Marc Bloch, Strange Defeat (Important Books, 2013), 68.

“learners in the military arts”: Martin S. Alexander, “Dunkirk in Military Operations, Myths, and Memories,” in Britain and France in Two World Wars: Truth, Myth and Memory, ed. Robert Tombs and Emile Chabal (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013), 95.

“Ever since 1907”: François Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle (New York: Atheneum, 1982), 26.

“stew in her own juice”: Tombs and Tombs, That Sweet Enemy, 571.

“the French will look”: Ibid., 528.

“the finest in Europe”: Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle, 31.

“utter dejection”: Churchill, Their Finest Hour, 46.

“There are none”: Ibid.

“one of the greatest”: Ibid., 47.

“Although there were”: Bond, Britain, France and Belgium, 294.

“We had only”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 107.

“this inhuman monster”: Charles Glass, Americans in Paris: Life and Death Under Nazi Occupation (New York: Penguin Books, 2009), 78.

“a complete and utter shambles”: Norman Gelb, Scramble: A Narrative History of the Battle of Britain (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985), 10.

“This is like”: Tombs and Tombs, That Sweet Enemy, 553.

“In all the history”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 6: Finest Hour, 1939–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983), 377.

“the Belgian Army might”: Ibid., 362.

“We don’t care”: Bond, Britain, France and Belgium, 92.

“Belgian morale”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 214.

“rotten to the core”: Ibid., 324.

“lesser breeds”: Ibid., 187.

“after assisting the BEF”: Gilbert, Finest Hour, 407.

“The Belgian Army has”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 338.

“Never would King Albert”: James H. Huizinga, Mr. Europe: A Political Biography of Paul Henri Spaak (New York: Praeger, 1961), 121.

“an idle refugee monarch”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 308.

“For the duration”: Ibid., 360.

“Defeat arouses”: Irène Némirovsky, Suite Française (New York: Knopf, 2006), 313.

“When one is fighting”: Huizinga, Mr. Europe, 140.

“good thing”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 372.

“the Belgian Army, virtually”: Ibid., 187.

“There has never”: Bond, Britain, France and Belgium, 95.

“suddenly and unconditionally”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 362.

“treating with the enemy”: Ibid., 363.

“for the space”: Mollie Panter-Downes, London War Notes: 1939–1945 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1971), 63–64.

“The king’s capitulation”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 378.

“savage and lying attacks”: Ibid., 242.

“the truth should not”: Ibid.

“vilification of a brave king”: Ibid., 402.

“fought very bravely”: Churchill, Their Finest Hour, 95.

“completed the full circle”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 399.

“Suddenly, without”: Ibid., 402–3.

“Seldom can a prime minister”: William Manchester, The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Alone, 1932–1940 (New York: Dell, 1988), 677.

“the public interest”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 455.

“a very grave injustice”: Ibid., 459.

“K.C. Clears King”: Ibid.

“one of hideous complexity”: John W. Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI: His Life and Reign (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1958), 452.

“mon cher Bertie”: Keyes, Outrageous Fortune, 310.

“To act otherwise”: Ibid., 309.

“mixed up”: Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI, 455.

“One feels”: Richard Collier, 1940: The World in Flames (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1979), 98.

“on further reflection”: François Kersaudy, Norway 1940, 221.

“unable to help”: Ibid.

“God save Norway!”: Halvdan Koht, Norway: Neutral and Invaded (New York: Macmillan, 1941), 126.

“I am so afraid”: Kersaudy, Norway 1940, 223.

“extremely depressed”: Ibid.

“So long as”: Richard M. Ketchum, The Borrowed Years, 1938–1941: America on the Way to War (New York: Random House, 1989), 352.

“We shall fight”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 2: Their Finest Hour (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1949), 118.

“So you are admitting”: Robert Tombs and Isabelle Tombs, That Sweet Enemy: Britain and France: The History of a Love-Hate Relationship (New York: Vintage, 2008), 555.

“the gutless collapse”: Martin S. Alexander, “Dunkirk in Military Operations, Myths, and Memories,” in Britain and France in Two World Wars: Truth, Myth and Memory, ed. Robert Tombs and Emile Chabal (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013), 98.

“the French war effort”: John C. Cairns, “A Nation of Shopkeepers in Search of a Suitable France: 1919–1940,” American Historical Review, June 1974.

“as bravely as”: Julian Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 98.

“very few British divisions”: P.M.H. Bell, A Certain Eventuality: Britain and the Fall of France (London: Saxon House, 1974), 68.

“our contribution”: Lord Ismay, The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay (New York: Viking, 1960), 142.

“on and on and on”: Sir Edward Spears, Assignment to Catastrophe, vol. 2: The Fall of France, June 1940 (London: Heinemann, 1954), 150.

“then in the provinces”: Ibid., 206.

“her neck wrung”: Churchill, Their Finest Hour, 213.

“This was the great”: Tombs and Tombs, That Sweet Enemy, 559.

“like an anthill”: Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 100.

“all the ugliness”: Charles Glass, Americans in Paris: Life and Death Under Nazi Occupation (New York: Penguin Books, 2009), 79.

“too few arms”: Robert Tombs, “Two Great Peoples,” in Britain and France in Two World Wars: Truth, Myth and Memory, ed. Robert Tombs and Emile Chabal (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013), 10.

“shamefully feeble”: Tombs and Tombs, That Sweet Enemy, 567.

“deliberate estrangement”: Ibid., 568.

“The fact is”: Ibid., 600.

“They seemed almost happy”: Eric Sevareid, Not So Wild a Dream (New York: Atheneum, 1976), 155.

“not to remain”: Alexander, “Dunkirk in Military Operations,” 107.

“a lifetime steeped”: Spears, The Fall of France, June 1940, 48.

“Now we are all alone”: Brian Bond, Britain, France and Belgium, 1939–1940 (London: Brassey’s, 1990), 117.

“Personally I feel”: Alexander, “Dunkirk in Military Operations,” 107.

“Certainly everything”: Sir Alexander Cadogan, The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 1938–1945, ed. David Dilks (New York: Putnam, 1971), 308.

“Never”: Churchill, Their Finest Hour, 145.

“One had to be”: James H. Huizinga, Mr. Europe: A Political Biography of Paul Henri Spaak (New York: Praeger, 1961), 154.

“It would be difficult”: Mollie Panter-Downes, London War Notes: 1939–1945 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1971), 70.

“every crank in the world”: Bell, A Certain Eventuality, 93.

“All we knew”: M. Lisiewicz et al., eds., Destiny Can Wait: The Polish Air Force in the Second World War (Nashville, TN: Battery Press, 1949), 35.

“Tell your army”: Jan Ciechanowski, Defeat in Victory (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1947), 15.

“to make every effort”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 6: Finest Hour, 1939–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983), 574.

“The war is over”: Lewis White, “The 1940 Evacuation,” On All Fronts: Czechs and Slovaks in World War II, ed. Lewis White (Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1991), 71.

“than an army”: Lise Lindbaek, Norway’s New Saga of the Sea: The Story of Her Merchant Marine in World War II (New York: Exposition Press, 1969), 33.

“France has thrown in”: Huizinga, Mr. Europe, 157.

“if you give up”: Roger Keyes, Outrageous Fortune: The Tragedy of Leopold III of the Belgians, 1901-1941 (London: Secker & Warburg, 1984), 417.

“You must have”: Ibid., 382–83.

“virtually the entire”: Ibid., 383.

“were in too deep”: Huizinga, Mr. Europe, 150.

“lacked all social vices”: Harold Callender, “General de Gaulle—The Legend and the Man,” New York Times Magazine, July 9, 1944.

“an improbable creature”: Lord Moran, Churchill at War, 1940–45 (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2002), 98.

“the character of”: Dorothy Shipley White, Seeds of Discord: De Gaulle, Free France, and the Allies (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1964), 27.

“brilliance and talent”: Jean Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Rebel, 1890–1944 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990), 70.

“an ‘undisciplined act’ ”: Ibid., 174.

“your presence at my side”: Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), 54.

“rally French opinion”: Spears, The Fall of France, June 1940, 312.

“gaping faces”: Ibid., 322.

“in a hideously difficult position”: Ismay, The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay, 356.

“a loser”: Lacouture, De Gaulle, 286.

“I can’t tell you”: Ibid.

“You are alone!”: François Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle (New York: Atheneum, 1982), 83.

“Gen. de Gaulle”: Ibid.

“an act of faith”: Ibid.

“I was nothing”: de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs, 83.

“magnificently absurd”: Janet Teissier du Cros, Divided Loyalties (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), 98.

“I have neither”: de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs, 83.

“mixture between”: Harold Macmillan, The Blast of War: 1939–1945 (New York: Harper & Row, 1967), 80.

“The country”: Denis Brian, The Curies: A Biography of the Most Controversial Family in Science (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005), 277.

“not wish to”: Per F. Dahl, Heavy Water and the Wartime Race for Nuclear Energy (Bristol, UK: Institute of Physics Publishing, 1999), 107.

“For twenty generations”: John Nesbitt, “Passing Parade,” radio program, date unknown.

“those mad Howards”: William D. Bayles, “The Incredible Earl of Suffolk,” Saturday Evening Post, Nov. 28, 1942.

“Jack was a rebel”: Ibid.

“I don’t see how”: John Bartleson, Jr., “The Earl of Suffolk and the Holy Trinity,” The Disposaleer, Feb. 1994.

“won over completely”: James Owen, Danger UXB: The Heroic Story of the WWII Bomb Disposal Teams (London: Abacus, 2010), 65.

“The single thought”: Bayles, “The Incredible Earl of Suffolk.”

“an unkempt pirate”: Brian, The Curies, 292.

“a young man”: Macmillan, The Blast of War, 78.

“something called heavy water”: Ibid.

“a truly Elizabethan character”: Ibid., 79.

“I have had”: Ibid., 81.

“may prove to be”: Owen, Danger UXB, 71.

“I remember the spring”: Spencer R. Weart, Scientists in Power (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979), 170.

“Had the British”: Ibid., 176.

“If von Halban”: Ibid., 179.

“some of them”: Owen, Danger UXB, 71.

“whole fury and might”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 2: Their Finest Hour (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1949), 225.

“with blond hair”: Virginia Cowles, Looking for Trouble (New York: Harper, 1941), 406.

“the infiltration of foreign pilots”: Alan Brown, Airmen in Exile: The Allied Air Forces in the Second World War (Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2000), 204.

“was some one hundred”: Flying Officer Geoffrey Marsh, “The Collaboration with the English: Squadron 303, Kosciuszko,” Skrzydła, Sept. 1–14, 1941.

“a rung or two”: Adam Zamoyski, The Forgotten Few: The Polish Air Force in the Second World War (London: Hippocrene, 1995), 58.

“All I knew”: John A. Kent, One of the Few (London: Kimber, 1971), 100.

“The country was poised”: Josef Korbel, Twentieth-Century Czechoslovakia: The Meanings of Its History (New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), 136.

“We are only”: Ibid., 141.

“We have reached”: Ronald Clark, Battle for Britain: Sixteen Weeks That Changed the Course of History (New York: Franklin Watts, 1966), 114.

“air units in this country”: UK Air Ministry, report on Polish Air Force, March 29, 1940, AIR 2/4213, National Archives, London.

“My mind was still”: Zamoyski, The Forgotten Few, 57.

“I’m not having”: Richard Collier, Eagle Day: The Battle of Britain (New York: Dutton, 1966), 22.

“We had to reverse”: Jan Zumbach, On Wings of War (London: André Deutsch, 1975), 66.

“we were not”: Ibid., 65.

“They were a complete”: Zamoyski, The Forgotten Few, 79.

“Most people who went”: Daily Telegraph, July 25, 2000.

“Some I couldn’t remember”: Norman Gelb, Scramble: A Narrative History of the Battle of Britain (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985), 219.

“intense struggle”: Churchill, Their Finest Hour, 325.

“On virtually every occasion”: Richard Hough and Denis Richards, The Battle of Britain (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1989), 221.

“Magnificent fighting”: Ferić, diary, undated, Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum, London.

“You use the air”: Ibid.

“absolute tigers”: Edward Raczyński, In Allied London (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1963), 70.

“They are fantastic”: Rosme Curtis, Winged Tenacity: The Polish Air Force, 1918–1944 (London: Kingston Hill, 1944), 7.

“their understanding and handling”: Zamoyski, The Forgotten Few, 93.

“Whereas British pilots”: Ibid., 94.

“When they go tearing”: Ibid., 90.

“one of the decisive”: Churchill, Their Finest Hour, 332.

“Even though”: Stephen Bungay, The Most Dangerous Enemy: A History of the Battle of Britain (London: Aurum Press, 2000), 346.

“I am a Pole”: Lynne Olson and Stanley Cloud, A Question of Honor: The Kosciuszko Squadron: Forgotten Heroes of World War II (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003), 156.

“Had it not been”: Zamoyski, The Forgotten Few, 97.

“If Poland had not stood”: Speech by Queen Elizabeth II to Polish Sejm and Senate, Warsaw, March 26, 1996.

“in the knowledge”: Alexander Hess, “We Were in the Battle of Britain,” On All Fronts: Czechs and Slovaks in World War II, ed. Lewis White (Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1991), 95.

“stripes of streets”: Ibid.

“the stern face”: Ibid., 99.

“I am British!”: Ibid.

“A feeling of deepest gratitude”: Ibid., 101.

“Never in the field”: Churchill, Their Finest Hour, 340.

“rare combination of steel nerves”: William D. Bayles, “The Incredible Earl of Suffolk,” Saturday Evening Post, Nov. 28, 1942.

“He had us all”: Ibid.

“Charles Henry George Howard”: Ibid.

“You walk”: Quentin Reynolds, A London Diary (New York: Random House, 1941), 65.

“swimming in the full tide”: Charles Ritchie, The Siren Years: A Canadian Diplomat Abroad, 1937–1945 (Toronto: Macmillan, 1974), 59.

“The Queen”: Henri van der Zee, The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland, 1944–45 (London: Jill Norman and Hobhouse, 1982), 92.

“as he had heard”: John W. Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI: His Life and Reign (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1958), 464.

“as French as the”: Nicholas Atkin, The Forgotten French: Exiles in the British Isles, 1940–44 (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2003), 190.

“Everybody’s goal”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange (London: Sphere, 1982), 39–40.

“might find”: Charles Drazin, The Finest Years: British Cinema of the 1940s (London: I. B. Tauris, 2007), 236.

“Its reputation was such”: Ibid., 237.

“Basically [the British]”: Eric Sevareid, Not So Wild a Dream (New York: Atheneum, 1976), 176.

“We were living”: Madeleine Albright, Prague Winter: A Personal Story of Remembrance and War, 1937–1948 (New York: HarperCollins, 2012), 235.

“degree of separation”: Ibid., 263.

“a very pleasant”: Ibid.

“because of the daily”: Lara Feigel, The Love-charm of Bombs: Restless Lives in the Second World War (New York: Bloomsbury, 2013), 69.

“I hope you’ll”: Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange, 101.

“It was the kind”: Ibid.

“Faced with the prospect”: Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), 102.

“I do not want”: François Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle (New York: Atheneum, 1982), 86.

“Without Anne”: Jean Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Rebel, 1890–1944 (New York: W.W. Norton, 1990), 108.

“We in this country”: Atkin, The Forgotten French, 10.

“The generous kindness”: de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs, 102.

“I had been a spectator”: Sevareid, Not So Wild a Dream, 168.

“You had the impulse”: Ibid.

“The Poles flying”: Robert Post, “Poland’s Avenging Angels,” New York Times Magazine, June 29, 1941.

“The Polish aviators”: Reynolds, A London Diary, 73.

“one of the gayest”: The Tatler, March 5, 1941.

“never to invite”: Author’s interview with Tadeusz Andersz.

“That is one”: Adam Zamoyski, The Forgotten Few: The Polish Air Force in the Second World War (London: Hippocrene, 1995), 110.

“My God, this”: Author’s interview with Ludwik Martel.

“No matter our varied”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, In Pursuit of Life (Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2003), 153.

“There was a diffused”: Elizabeth Bowen, The Heat of the Day (New York: Anchor, 2002), 102.

“Well,” she replied: John Colville, The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries, 1939–1955 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1985), 296.

“And remember, keep away”: Zamoyski, The Forgotten Few, 173.

“devoted her entire attention”: Nancy Caldwell Sorel, The Women Who Wrote the War (New York: Arcade, 1999), 220.

“As for the women”: Zamoyski, The Forgotten Few, 69.

“I think English women”: Witold Urbanowicz, speech, National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC, Nov. 17, 1981.

BOMBING REICH THRILLS POLES: Zamoyski, The Forgotten Few, 116.

“to get to know”: Arkady Fiedler, Squadron 303: The Polish Fighter Squadron with the RAF (New York: Roy, 1943), 181.

“As Great Britain”: Lara Feigel, The Love-charm of Bombs: Restless Lives in the Second World War (New York: Bloomsbury, 2013), 203.

“basic principles”: Ibid., 79.

“I cried about”: Ibid., 119–20.

“Nobody ever imagined”: Tangye Lean, Voices in the Darkness: The Story of the European Radio War (London: Secker & Warburg, 1943), 153.

“People of France”: Ibid., 122.

“escape for a few minutes”: Michael Stenton, “Introduction,” Conditions and Politics in Occupied Western Europe, 1940–1945, http://www.gale.cengage.com/pdf/facts/POWE40-45.pdf.

“In a world”: Asa Briggs, The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, vol. 3: The War of Words (London: Oxford University Press, 1970), 10.

“People who are almost”: Tom Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie? (London: BBC Books, 1995), 126–27.

“The initials BBC”: Briggs, The War of Words, 164.

“Assuming that the BBC”: Piers Brendon, The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s (New York: Knopf, 2000), 58.

“conspiracy of silence”: A. M. Sperber, Murrow: His Life and Times (New York: Freundlich, 1986), 131.

“very angry”: Richard Cockett, Twilight of Truth: Chamberlain, Appeasement and the Manipulation of the Press (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1989), 112.

“British expeditionary forces”: Leland Stowe, No Other Road to Freedom (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1941), 281.

“an agreeable”: Briggs, The War of Words, 20.

“an exquisitely bored”: Charles J. Rolo, Radio Goes to War (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1942), 143.

“I want our programs”: R. Franklin Smith, Edward R. Murrow: The War Years (Kalamazoo, MI: New Issues Press, 1978), 8.

“Well, brothers”: Sperber, Murrow: His Life and Times, 138.

“It seems to me”: Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie?, 23.

“one of the most industrious”: Briggs, The War of Words, 163.

“I cannot but resent”: Ibid., 178.

“Noel Newsome set”: Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie?, 106.

“effective control”: Briggs, The War of Words, 77.

“was the enemy”: Ibid., 303.

“one of the major neutrals”: Ibid., 77.

“being a historian”: Ibid., 21.

“the rock”: Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie?, 105.

“we were packed”: Ibid., 103–4.

“People don’t work”: Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie?, 104.

“halfway between a girls’ school”: Briggs, The War of Words, 20.

“Sorry, dear”: John van der Kiste, Northern Crowns: The Kings of Modern Scandinavia (Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Sutton, 1996), 105.

“It’s curious how”: Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie?, 127.

“suddenly shouted hurrah”: Ibid., 106.

“We were very”: Ibid., 107.

“ignorant, knowing nothing”: Ibid.

“The liberty and independence”: Tim Greve, Haakon VII of Norway: Founder of a New Monarchy (London, Hurst, 1985), 152.

“Thou shalt obey”: Richard Petrow, The Bitter Years: The Invasion and Occupation of Denmark and Norway, April 1940–May 1945 (New York: William Morrow, 1974), 104.

“had been part”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange (London: Sphere, 1982), 26.

“The Queen had been right”: Ibid., 33.

“the arch-enemy of mankind”: Ibid.

“Her speeches were”: Henri van der Zee, The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland, 1944–45 (London: Jill Norman and Hobhouse, 1982), 97.

“amazingly heated swear words”: N. David J. Barnouw, “Dutch Exiles in London,” in Europe in Exile: European Exile Communities in Britain, 1940–1945, ed. Martin Conway and José Gotovitch (New York: Berghahn Books, 2001), 231.

“a country”: R. H. Bruce Lockhart, Jan Masaryk: A Personal Memoir (London: Philosophical Library, 1951), 18.

“Jan,” said: Claire Sterling, The Masaryk Case (New York: Harper & Row, 1969), 125.

“The hour of retribution”: Ibid.

“one of the old servants”: Ibid., 31.

“Hear The Tale of Honza”: Ibid., 32.

“If you have sacrificed”: John W. Wheeler-Bennett, Munich: Prologue to Tragedy (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1948), 171.

“the English know”: Lockhart, Jan Masaryk, 33.

“was handled”: John Lukacs, The Great Powers and Eastern Europe (New York: American Book Co., 1953), 388–89.

“There was no great”: Tom Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie? (London: BBC Books, 1995), 108.

“it was undesirable”: Jean Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Rebel, 1890–1944 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990), 223.

“I, General de Gaulle”: Ibid., 225.

“As the irrevocable words”: Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), 84.

“a feast of radio”: Asa Briggs, The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, vol. 3: The War of Words (London: Oxford University Press, 1970), 226.

“one of the wittiest”: Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie?, 115.

“Generally at this time”: Tangye Lean, Voices in the Darkness: The Story of the European Radio War (London: Secker & Warburg, 1943), 152.

“We were giving”: A. M. Sperber, Murrow: His Life and Times (New York: Freundlich, 1986), 181.

“shattered and terribly fatigued”: Ibid., 121–22.

“the mike as an old”: Briggs, The War of Words, 248.

“The French frequently”: Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie?, 116.

“With a message”: Lean, Voices in the Darkness, 157.

“would rather see”: Ibid., 160.

“eavesdropping in a French café”: Ibid.

“the very soul of French wit”: Ibid., 161.

“If only you”: Briggs, The War of Words, 230.

“I want to be understood”: Ibid., 228.

“C’est moi”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 6: Finest Hour, 1939–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983), 855.

“Every word you said”: Ibid., 857.

“We are going to hear”: Lean, Voices in the Darkness, 152.

“the father of our defeat”: Jane Baldwin, Michel Saint-Denis and the Shaping of the Modern Actor (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003), 103.

“Tonight,” he told his listeners: Herman Bodson, Downed Allied Airmen and Evasion of Capture: The Role of Local Resistance Networks in World War II (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2005), 35.

“a multitude of little Vs”: Briggs, The War of Words, 334.

“an avalanche of Vs”: Ibid., 335.

“not a single empty space”: Ibid.

“Il ne faut pas”: Lean, Voices in the Darkness, 187.

“the first pan-European gesture”: Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie?, 122.

“surrounded by an immense crowd”: Ibid.

“a symbol of the unconquerable”: Briggs, The War of Words, 340.

“the intellectual invasion”: Ibid., 334.

“Soon, perhaps”: Ibid., 341.

“The [French] underground movement”: Lean, Voices in the Darkness, 149.

“virtually the entire working population”: Louis de Jong, The Netherlands and Nazi Germany (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), 45.

“desire an anti-Nazi revolution”: Briggs, The War of Words, 235.

“great uprising”: Ibid.

“Every patriot a saboteur”: Ibid., 236.

“the unknown soldiers”: Lean, Voices in the Darkness, 190.

“When the British Government gives”: Briggs, The War of Words, 337.

“encourage, develop”: Ibid.

“Silly people”: Ibid., 336.

“Many speak of revolt”: Ibid.

“We were not”: Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie?, 120.

“the finest in the world”: Christopher Andrew, Her Majesty’s Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community (New York: Viking, 1986), p. 448.

“a young man”: Robert Erskine Childers, The Riddle of the Sands (London: Smith, Elder and Co.), 33.

“practically every [SOE] officer”: David Stafford, The Silent Game: The Real World of Imaginary Spies (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1991), 58.

“the supreme country”: Ibid., 108.

“ready to aid”: Callum MacDonald, The Killing of Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, May 27, 1942 (London: Macmillan, 1989), 20–21.

“the British Secret Service”: Walter Schellenberg, The Labyrinth: Memoirs of Walter Schellenberg (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1956), 83.

“minds untainted”: Christopher Andrew, “Introduction,” in The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century, ed. Christopher Andrew and David Dilks (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1984), 9.

“these metropolitan young gentlemen”: Andrew, Her Majesty’s Secret Service, 461.

“by and large pretty stupid”: Ibid.

“there was no need”: Ibid., 9.

“only people with foreign names”: Anthony Cave Brown, “C”: The Secret Life of Sir Stewart Graham Menzies (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 131.

“He was not”: Patrick Howarth, Intelligence Chief Extraordinary: The Life of the Ninth Duke of Portland (London: Bodley Head, 1986), 115.

“a most unpleasant man”: Ben Macintyre, Double Cross: The True Story of the D-Day Spies (New York: Crown, 2012), 44.

“eyes of a hyperactive ferret”: Ibid.

“Everyone was scared”: Anthony Read and David Fisher, Colonel Z: The Secret Life of a Master of Spies (New York: Viking, 1985), 12.

“an utter shit”: Ibid.

“nothing should ever”: Malcolm Muggeridge, Chronicles of Wasted Time, vol. 2: The Infernal Grove (London: Collins, 1973), 122.

“Secrecy,” Muggeridge recalled: Ibid., 123.

“the conspiracies of self-protection”: Stafford, The Silent Game, 205–6.

“never been a spy”: Andrew, Her Majesty’s Secret Service, 378–79.

“lamentably weak”: Nelson D. Lankford, OSS Against the Reich: The World War II Diaries of Col. David K. E. Bruce (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1991), 125.

“Nefertiti-like beauty and charm”: Marie-Madeleine Fourcade, Noah’s Ark: A Memoir of Struggle and Resistance (New York: Dutton, 1972), 9.

“letting women run anything”: M.R.D. Foot and J. L. Langley, MI9: Escape and Evasion, 1939–1945 (London: Biteback Publishing, 2011), 80.

“The Poles had”: Douglas Dodds-Parker, Setting Europe Ablaze: Some Account of Ungentlemanly Warfare (Windlesham, UK: Springwood, 1983), 40.

“they have the best”: Jan Stanisław Ciechanowski et al., eds., Rejewski: Living with the Enigma Secret (Bydgoszcz, Poland: Bydgoszcz City Council, 2005), 174.

“With generations of clandestine action”: Dodds-Parker, Setting Europe Ablaze, 182.

“If you live”: Read and Fisher, Colonel Z, 278.

“the amount of information”: Schellenberg, The Labyrinth, 99.

“One always has”: Ibid., 137.

“a man who lives”: Macintyre, Double Cross, 34.

“the boss will be a Pole”: Ibid., 37.

“It was thanks to Ultra”: Brown, “C,” 671.

“Intelligence did not decide”: Andrew, Her Majesty’s Secret Service, 487.

“would never have gotten”: Gordon Welchman, The Hut Six Story (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982), 305.

“a bit of a character”: Mavis Batey, Dilly: The Man Who Broke Enigmas (London: Biteback Publishing, 2011), Kindle edition, loc. 1435.

“stony silence”: Robin Denniston, Thirty Secret Years: A. G. Denniston’s Work in Signals Intelligence, 1914–1944 (Worcestershire, UK: Polperro Heritage Press, 2012), Kindle edition, loc. 2062.

“It was only”: Ibid.

“very slow to admit”: Ibid.

“grasped everything”: Batey, Dilly, Kindle edition, loc. 1512.

“He can’t stand it”: Ciechanowski, Rejewski, 236.

“Marian and Dilly”: Ibid., 69.

“became his own bright self”: Denniston, Thirty Secret Years, Kindle edition, loc. 2091.

“Nous marchons ensemble”: Batey, Dilly, Kindle edition, loc. 1512.

“Serdeznie dzie˛juje˛”: Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two (Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1984), 60.

“Polish treasure trove”: Batey, Dilly, Kindle edition, loc. 1569.

“of almost unbelievably high quality”: Tessa Stirling, Daria Nałęcz, and Tadeusz Dubicki, eds., Intelligence Cooperation Between Poland and Great Britain During World War II (London: Valentine Mitchell, 2005), 70.

“As ‘C’ quickly saw”: Muggeridge, Chronicles of Wasted Time, 128.

“He would not have”: Howarth, Intelligence Chief Extraordinary, 115.

“golden eggs”: Andrew, Her Majesty’s Secret Service, 449.

“The experience of these men”: Christine Large, Hijacking Enigma (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 248.

“profited gratuitously”: Kozaczuk, Enigma, 59.

“We shall aid”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 6: Finest Hour, 1939–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983), 1109.

“the slave lands”: Christopher Andrew, Her Majesty’s Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community (New York: Viking, 1986), 476.

“Only a country”: Eve Curie, Journey Among Warriors (New York: Doubleday, 1943), 173.

“was not prepared”: John Keegan, ed., Churchill’s Generals (London: Cassell, 2007), Kindle edition, loc. 212.

“Fear never abated”: Ronald C. Rosbottom, When Paris Went Dark: The City of Light Under German Occupation, 1940–1944 (New York: Little, Brown, 2014), 299.

“only the Poles”: David Stafford, Britain and European Resistance, 1940–1945 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980), Kindle edition, loc. 693.

“The French have no experience”: M.R.D. Foot, SOE in France: An Account of the Work of the British Special Operations Executive in France, 1940–1944 (London: HMSO, 1966), 120.

“For [people] who”: Margaret Collins Weitz, Sisters in the Resistance: How Women Fought to Free France, 1940–1945 (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996), 285.

“people pass by”: Julian Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 265.

“an ungentlemanly body”: Foot, SOE in France, 29.

“I think that”: Ibid., 140.

“the bastards of Broadway”: Leo Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide: A Codemaker’s War, 1941–45 (Stroud, UK: The History Press, 2013), 147.

“full-scale and dangerous brawls”: Anthony Cave Brown, “C”: The Secret Life of Sir Stewart Graham Menzies (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 333.

“Though SOE and MI6”: Malcolm Muggeridge, Chronicles of Wasted Time, vol. 2: The Infernal Grove (London: Collins, 1973), 174.

“to discourage the Poles”: Terry Charman, “Hugh Dalton, Poland and SOE: 1940–42,” in Special Operations Executive: A New Instrument of War, ed. Mark Seaman (London: Routledge, 2006), 70.

“Of course, it was amateurish”: David Stafford, Secret Agent: The True Story of the Covert War Against Hitler (Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2003), 44.

“I work for a”: Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide, 313.

“Underground warfare was”: Stafford, Britain and European Resistance, Kindle edition, loc. 619.

“Entry into SOE”: Foot, SOE in France, 40.

“The idea that I”: Roderick Bailey, Forgotten Voices in the Secret War: An Inside History of Special Operations During the Second World War (London: Ebury Press, 2008), Kindle edition, loc. 691.

“The name SOE”: Ray Jenkins, A Pacifist at War (London: Arrow, 2010), 49.

“Even hardened Norwegians”: Stafford, Secret Agent, 107.

“at the sorts of things”: Jenkins, A Pacifist at War, 60.

“that was pretty useless”: Ibid.

“very severe”: Ibid.

“Oh, I love your shoes”: Bailey, Forgotten Voices in the Secret War, Kindle edition, loc. 1703.

“absolutely appalling”: Christopher J. Murphy, Security and Special Operations: SOE and MI5 During the Second World War (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), 8.

“a sensitive, somewhat dreamy girl”: Foot, SOE in France, 337.

“tends to give far”: Sarah Helm, A Life in Secrets: Vera Atkins and the Missing Agents of WWII (New York: Anchor, 2007), 12–13.

“if this girl’s an agent”: Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide, 311.

“the amateurish way”: H. J. Giskes, London Calling North Pole (London: William Kimber, 1953), 10.

“almost ready”: Richard Petrow, The Bitter Years: The Invasion and Occupation of Denmark and Norway, April 1940–May 1945 (New York: William Morrow, 1974), 122.

“discouragement and disheartenment”: Joseph Lash, Roosevelt and Churchill, 1939–1941: The Partnership That Saved the West (New York: W. W. Norton, 1976), 312.

“We are in that”: Sir Alexander Cadogan, The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 1938–1945, ed. David Dilks (New York: Putnam, 1971), 374.

“perfect example”: Petrow, The Bitter Years, 123.

“a military Sunday school”: Ibid., 124.

“the horrors of German reprisals”: Ibid., 128.

“Political émigrés”: Josef Korbel, Twentieth-Century Czechoslovakia: The Meanings of Its History (New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), 184.

“Intrigues flourished”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange (London: Sphere, 1982), 172.

“They lived in a world”: Ibid., 105.

“For the British”: Mary Soames, Clementine Churchill: The Biography of a Marriage (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002), 324–25.

“In time, all realized”: Arnfinn Moland, “Milorg and SOE,” in Britain and Norway in the Second World War, ed. Patrick Salmon (London: HMSO, 1995), 146.

“unshakable courage and resolution”: Tim Greve, Haakon VII of Norway: Founder of a New Monarchy (London, Hurst, 1985), 183.

“We are all”: Ibid.

“Goodbye”: Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange, 122.

“to meet people”: H. R. H. Wilhelmina, Princess of the Netherlands, Lonely but Not Alone (London: Hutchinson, 1960), 86.

“For the Queen”: Henri van der Zee, The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland, 1944–45 (London: Jill Norman and Hobhouse, 1982), 94–95.

“The simplest sailor”: Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange, 171.

“suffocating in the porridge”: Ibid., 106.

“really too busy”: Ibid.

“Instead of unbalanced adventurers”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, In Pursuit of Life (Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2003), 98.

“the focal point”: Ibid., 99.

“people would laugh”: Wilhelmina, Lonely but Not Alone, 38.

“I got the impression”: Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange, 128.

“Everyone in Holland”: Ibid., 129.

“The men of Munich”: R. H. Bruce Lockhart, Comes the Reckoning (London: Putnam, 1947), 60.

“This must be put right”: Ibid., 115.

“Extreme weakness”: Jean Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Rebel, 1890–1944 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990), 261.

“I am no man’s subordinate”: Ibid., 267.

“All the French émigrés”: Harold Nicolson, The War Years, Diaries & Letters, 1939–1945, ed. Nigel Nicolson (New York: Atheneum, 1967), 112.

“One had to be”: Dorothy Shipley White, Seeds of Discord: De Gaulle, Free France, and the Allies (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1964), 95.

“We were constantly”: Lacouture, De Gaulle, 253.

“a loaded pistol”: White, Seeds of Discord, 178.

“the worst muddles”: François Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle (New York: Atheneum, 1982), 98.

“the lowest depths”: Ibid., 102.

“no intention whatever”: Ibid.

“After Dakar”: Lacouture, De Gaulle, 278.

“I do not think”: Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle, 138.

“He felt it was”: Ibid., 116.

“He has clearly”: Lacouture, De Gaulle, 305.

“De Gaulle’s attitude”: John Colville, The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries, 1939–1955 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1985), 432.

“A genuine feeling”: Wilhelmina, Lonely but Not Alone, 185.

“financially and socially beyond reproach”: Noel F. Busch, “Ambassador Biddle,” Life, Oct. 4, 1943.

“old sport” or “old boy”: A. J. Liebling, “The Omnibus Diplomat,” part 1, New Yorker, June 6, 1942.

“One rather expects”: Ibid.

“previous career”: Busch, “Ambassador Biddle.”

“notable for their”: Ibid.

“In five years”: A. J. Liebling, “The Omnibus Diplomat,” part 2, New Yorker, June 13, 1942.

“the greatest disaster”: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948), 501.

“Papa is at a very”: Mary Soames, Clementine Churchill: The Biography of a Marriage (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002), 415.

“The United Nations”: Franklin D. Roosevelt, national radio broadcast, Feb. 23, 1942, Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, Hyde Park, NY.

“if the concept”: Jan Stanislaw Ciechanowski et al., eds., Rejewski: Living with the Enigma Secret (Bydgoszcz, Poland: Bydgoszcz City Council, 2005), 128.

“have any territorial”: Valentin Berezhkov, “Stalin and FDR,” in Cornelis van Minnen and John F. Sears, eds., FDR and His Contemporaries: Foreign Perceptions of an American President (New York: St. Martin’s, 1992), 50.

“can’t live together”: Oliver Lyttelton, The Memoirs of Lord Chandos: An Unexpected View from the Summit (New York: New American Library, 1963), 296–97.

“He allowed his thoughts”: Ibid., 297.

“He seemed to see himself”: Anthony Eden, The Reckoning (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), 432.

“There is no France”: “The Presidency: There Is No France,” Time, July 19, 1943.

“who had escaped”: Jean Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Rebel, 1890–1944 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990), 335.

“convinced”: Wallace Carroll, Persuade or Perish (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), 103.

“must be given no role”: Lynne Olson, Citizens of London: The Americans Who Stood with Britain in Its Finest, Darkest Hour (New York: Random House, 2010), 220.

“France without an Army”: Lord Moran, Churchill at War, 1940–45 (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2002), 88.

“You will remember”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 7: Road to Victory, 1941–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), 248.

“I am still sorry”: Ibid., 249.

“the gravity of the affront”: Lacouture, De Gaulle, 396.

“French leaders”: Kersaudy, Churchill and Roosevelt, 220.

“the ungracious attitude”: Lacouture, De Gaulle, 329–30.

“I don’t understand you!”: François Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle (New York: Atheneum, 1982), 23.

“these words made”: Ibid.

“There was no other”: Margaret Collins Weitz, Sisters in the Resistance: How Women Fought to Free France, 1940–1945 (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996), 266.

“exemplary, amiable and helpful”: Julian Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 265.

“I lower my head”: Ibid.

“grew as naturally”: Janet Teissier du Cros, Divided Loyalties (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), 241.

“our passionate love”: Weitz, Sisters in the Resistance, 93.

“In our war”: Jonathan H. King, “Emmanuel d’Astier and the Nature of the French Resistance,” Journal of Contemporary History, Oct. 1973.

“The proportion of Jews”: Ronald C. Rosbottom, When Paris Went Dark: The City of Light Under German Occupation, 1940–1944 (New York: Little, Brown, 2014), 311.

“the lifeblood of the Resistance”: Herman Bodson, Downed Allied Airmen and Evasion of Capture: The Role of Local Resistance Networks in World War II (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2005), 4.

“Women have such”: Ibid., 154–55.

“ninety-nine percent”: Anthony Cave Brown, “C”: The Secret Life of Sir Stewart Graham Menzies (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 500.

“We knew that men”: Douglas Porch, The French Secret Services: From the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995), 185.

“The general appeared”: M.R.D. Foot, SOE in France: An Account of the Work of the British Special Operations Executive in France, 1940–1944 (London: HMSO, 1966), 181.

“the sort of natural authority”: Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 409.

“the main organizations”: Foot, SOE in France, 180.

“There is a rising tide”: Michael Stenton, Radio London and Resistance in Occupied Europe: British Political Warfare, 1939–1943 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 176.

“For my part”: Lacouture, De Gaulle, 349.

“The British in 1940”: Eric Sevareid, Not So Wild a Dream (New York: Atheneum, 1976), 222.

“has produced violent reactions”: Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle, 225.

“their uncontested leader”: Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 428.

“Between Giraud and de Gaulle”: Harold Nicolson, The War Years, Diaries & Letters, 1939–1945, ed. Nigel Nicolson (New York: Atheneum, 1967), 294.

“The people of France”: Lacouture, De Gaulle, 479.

“could afford to irritate”: Edward Raczyński, In Allied London (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1963), 155.

“little short of genocide”: George F. Kennan and John Lukacs, George F. Kennan and the Origins of Containment, 1944–1946: The Kennan-Lukacs Correspondence (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997), 28.

“with the precision”: Sir Owen O’Malley, “Disappearance of Polish Officers in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,” FO 371/34577, National Archives, London.

“Whether you wish”: Allen Paul, Katyn: The Untold Story of Stalin’s Polish Massacre (New York: Scribner’s, 1991), 159.

“one of the greatest”: John Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy: From D-Day to the Liberation of Paris (New York: Viking, 1982), 262.

“neither sought nor cared”: Raczyński, In Allied London, 100.

“To survive is an obsession”: “Czechoslovakia: The Art of Survival,” Time, March 27, 1944.

“The Poles are not troublesome”: John Darnton, “The Polish Awakening,” New York Times, June 14, 1981.

“The Czechs seem”: A. J. Liebling, The Road Back to Paris (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1944), 149.

“lost all realistic perspective”: František Moravec, Master of Spies: The Memoirs of General František Moravec (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1975), 184.

“those who kept”: Madeleine Albright, Prague Winter: A Personal Story of Remembrance and War, 1937–1948 (New York: HarperCollins, 2012), 294.

“It was futile”: Moravec, Master of Spies, 196.

“our whole situation”: Vojtech Mastny, The Czechs Under Nazi Rule: The Failure of National Resistance, 1939–1942 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971), 177.

“a blond god”: Callum MacDonald, The Killing of Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, May 27, 1942 (London: Macmillan, 1989), 4.

“a predatory animal”: Walter Schellenberg, The Labyrinth: Memoirs of Walter Schellenberg (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1956), 13.

“This man is”: Laurent Binet, HHhH (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), 39.

“had an ice-cold intellect”: Schellenberg, The Labyrinth, 13.

“orgy of massacre”: Martin Gilbert, The Second World War: A Complete History (New York: Henry Holt, 1987), 5.

“any infringement whatsoever”: H. J. Giskes, London Calling North Pole (London: William Kimber, 1953), 25.

“The epidemic of assassination”: MacDonald, The Killing of Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, 163.

“obviously large-scale resistance movement”: Mastny, The Czechs Under Nazi Rule, 186.

“the Czechs at the moment”: MacDonald, The Killing of Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, 162.

“our trained paratroop commandos”: Moravec, Master of Spies, 196.

“necessary for the good”: Ibid., 197.

“spectacular assassination”: MacDonald, The Killing of Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, 118.

“For everyone politically active”: Ibid., 140.

“had no intention”: Ibid., 141.

“This assassination”: Ibid., 156.

“Why should my Czechs”: Binet, HHhH, 216.

“[The Führer] foresees”: MacDonald, The Killing of Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, 176.

“It is our holy duty”: Ibid., 3.

“They’re completely mad”: Ibid., 177.

“seemed almost insane”: M.R.D. Foot and J. L. Langley, MI9: Escape and Evasion, 1939–1945 (London: Biteback Publishing, 2011), 166.

“If future generations”: MacDonald, The Killing of Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, 200.

“I was in the U.S.”: Ibid.

“In the delicate matter”: Ibid., 209.

“the Czechs and all”: Ibid., 200.

“In view of the trials”: Ibid.

“Somebody else”: Roderick Bailey, Forgotten Voices in the Secret War: An Inside History of Special Operations During the Second World War (London: Ebury Press, 2008), Kindle edition, loc. 1938.

“By his death”: Mastny, The Czechs Under Nazi Rule, 221.

“a complete fabrication”: MacDonald, The Killing of Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, 206.

“In London”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 4: The Hinge of Fate (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1950), 780.

“No matter which”: Leo Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide: A Codemaker’s War, 1941–45 (Stroud, UK: The History Press, 2013), 28.

“the most valuable link”: M.R.D. Foot, SOE in France: An Account of the Work of the British Special Operations Executive in France, 1940–1944 (London: HMSO, 1966), 102.

“so familiar”: “Leo Marks” (obituary), Guardian, Feb. 2, 2001.

“Every code”: “The Masterspy of Acton Town,” Evening Standard, Jan. 8, 1999.

“If some shit-scared”: Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide, 8.

“performing with the precision”: Ibid., 23.

“The whole thing”: Ibid., 16.

“no one will blame you”: “Rivalry in London Led to Deaths of Agents,” SOE and the Resistance: As Told in The Times Obituaries, ed. Michael Tillotson (London: Bloomsbury, 2011), Kindle edition, loc. 1583.

“I cursed my stupidity”: H. J. Giskes, London Calling North Pole (London: William Kimber, 1953), 178.

“extremely skilled and dangerous opponents”: M.R.D. Foot, Holland at War Against Hitler: Anglo-Dutch Relations, 1940–1945 (London: Frank Cass, 1990), 147.

“a deep love”: Giskes, London Calling North Pole, 176.

“no agent”: Foot, Holland at War, 133.

“this continuous negligence”: Giskes, London Calling North Pole, 200.

“famous for its long experience”: Ibid., 10.

“amateurs, despite their training”: Ibid., 92.

“conveyor-belt”: Ibid., 122.

“open attacks”: Ibid., 113.

“unknown criminal elements”: Ibid., 104.

“I was faced”: Ibid., 107.

“fairy tales”: Ibid., 99.

“all was not well”: Nicholas Kelso, Errors of Judgement: SOE’s Disaster in the Netherlands, 1941–44 (London: Robert Hale, 1988), 196.

“too bloody perfect”: Roderick Bailey, Forgotten Voices in the Secret War: An Inside History of Speical Operations During the Second World War (London: Ebury Press, 2008), Kindle edition, loc. 3334.

“People seemed to get”: Ibid.

“They had a stock”: Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide, 101.

“Why were the Dutch”: Ibid., 113.

“to be in a prison cell”: Ibid., 132.

“God help these agents”: Ibid., 123.

“despite deaths by drowning”: Ibid., 124.

“certainly could not be ignored”: Ibid., 133.

“SOE will be ready”: Ibid., 148.

“I did my best”: Ibid.

“Only one, sir”: Ibid., 336.

“The attempt of”: Giskes, London Calling North Pole, 136.

“I’d worked too long”: Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide, 593.

“treachery on either”: House of Commons debate, March 2, 1953, Hansard, vol. 512.

“The truth is more mundane”: M.R.D. Foot, “SOE in the Low Countries,” in Mark Seaman, ed., Special Operations Executive: A New Instrument of War (London: Routledge, 2006), 83.

“Rather lacking in dash”: Ray Jenkins, A Pacifist at War (London: Arrow, 2010), 62.

“a plodder who”: Leo Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide: A Codemaker’s War, 1941–45 (Stroud, UK: The History Press, 2013), 199.

“wasn’t plodding at all”: Ibid., 200.

“tested the logic of it all”: Ibid.

“feeling very sorry”: Ibid., 201.

“I never believed”: Jenkins, A Pacifist at War, 52.

“I can tell you”: Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide, 387.

“during the year 1942”: M.R.D. Foot, SOE in France: An Account of the Work of the British Special Operations Executive in France, 1940–1944 (London: HMSO, 1966), 224.

“brought the optimism”: Jenkins, A Pacifist at War, 51.

“there was nobody else”: Sarah Helm, A Life in Secrets: Vera Atkins and the Missing Agents of WWII (New York: Anchor, 2007), 485.

“fears and excitements”: Philippe de Vomécourt, An Army of Amateurs (New York: Doubleday, 1961), 185.

“He was not firm”: Ibid.

“one of the most exceptional”: Ibid., 10.

“those whose French accents”: Ibid., 185.

“the all-important details”: Ibid., 175.

“If there had been”: Ibid., 126.

“almost to a man”: Ibid., 108.

“There appeared to be”: Jenkins, A Pacifist at War, 4.

“five or six young men”: Ibid., 57.

“That kind of stupidity”: Ibid., 74.

“From the moment”: Ibid., 75.

“Without any”: Ibid., 98.

“What has continuously”: Ibid., 124.

“The resistance in France”: Vomécourt, An Army of Amateurs, 18.

“The French people”: Ibid., 36.

“I was very much awake”: Roderick Bailey, Forgotten Voices in the Secret War: An Inside History of Special Operations During the Second World War (London: Ebury Press, 2008), Kindle edition, loc. 3069.

“You couldn’t go ten meters”: Douglas Porch, The French Secret Services: From the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995), 236.

“At the start”: de Vomécourt, An Army of Amateurs, 85.

“the Prosper folks”: Jenkins, A Pacifist at War, 218.

“The entire Prosper organization”: Helm, A Life in Secrets, 44.

“You have forgotten”: Ibid., 37.

“never wanted to believe”: Ibid., 38.

“Strategically France is”: Ibid., 50.

“No one has”: Ibid., 54.

“not overburdened with brains”: Ibid., 13–14.

“The Germans seem”: Robert Marshall, All the King’s Men: The Truth Behind SOE’s Greatest Wartime Disaster (London: Collins, 1988), 181.

“Déricourt’s operation”: Jenkins, A Pacifist at War, 102.

“Aren’t you the organizer”: Ibid., 221–22.

“You’re not supposed to be”: Bailey, Forgotten, Kindle edition, loc. 3221.

“since the armistice”: Marshall, All the King’s Men, 153.

“typical French backbiting”: Ibid., 154.

“[Déricourt’s] efficiency”: Ibid., 272.

“formed the impression”: Anthony Cave Brown, “C”: The Secret Life of Sir Stewart Graham Menzies (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 508–9.

“Make no mistake”: Marshall, All the King’s Men, 121.

“could be suppressed”: Brown, “C,” 508.

“A lot of nonsense”: W. Somerset Maugham, Ashenden: Or the British Agent (London: Heinemann, 1928), 52.

“With delight”: Brown, “C,” 512.

“resistance groups”: Ibid., 552.

“the blood of the martyrs”: Ibid., 553.

“the most ridiculous”: Marie-Madeleine Fourcade, Noah’s Ark: A Memoir of Struggle and Resistance (New York: Dutton, 1972), 70.

“operating admirably”: Ibid., 86.

“It’s incredible, incredible!”: Ibid., 121.

“one of Dansey’s”: Anthony Read and David Fisher, Colonel Z: The Secret Life of a Master of Spies (New York: Viking, 1985), 297.

“did not dim”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 10.

“Since September 16”: Ibid., 272.

“while the Gestapo”: Ibid., 278.

“Everyone I speak to”: Jonathan H. King, “Emmanuel d’Astier and the Nature of the French Resistance,” Journal of Contemporary History, Oct. 1973.

“Never in my life”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 278.

“a girl of radiant integrity”: M.R.D. Foot and J. L. Langley, MI9: Escape and Evasion, 1939–1945 (London: Biteback Publishing, 2011), 80.

“it takes less time”: Herman Bodson, Downed Allied Airmen and Evasion of Capture: The Role of Local Resistance Networks in World War II (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2005), 12.

“Nothing could have expressed”: Airey Neave, Saturday at M.I.9: The Classic Account of the WWII Escape Organisation (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1969), 25.

“admiration of the girls”: Paul Routledge, Public Servant, Secret Agent: The Elusive Life and Violent Death of Airey Neave (London: HarperCollins, 2002), Kindle edition, loc. 1749.

“I’d never seen”: “Airmen Remember Comet Line to Freedom,” BBC News, Oct. 24, 2000.

“the little cyclone”: Airey Neave, Little Cyclone: The Girl Who Started the Comet Line (London: Biteback Publishing, 2013), Kindle edition, loc. 45.

“a cross-section”: Foot and Langley, MI9, 155.

“The last decision”: J. M. Langley, Fight Another Day (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword, 2013), 168.

“always a very sore point”: Ibid., 16.

“parcels”: Bodson, Downed Allied Airmen, 52.

“It is not an easy”: Langley, Fight Another Day, 50.

“I loved them”: “Airmen Remember Comet Line to Freedom,” BBC News, Oct. 24, 2000.

“I fell in love”: The Bulletin: The Newsweekly of the Capital of Europe, Oct. 19, 2000.

“I have nothing”: Ibid.

“They were afraid”: Neave, Saturday at M.I.9, 132.

“Belgian, Dutch, or French”: Langley, Fight Another Day, 251.

“kept to her own rules”: Ibid., 136.

“It seemed incredible”: Ibid., 187.

“one of the most colorful”: Neave, Saturday at M.I.9, 183.

“Pour une femme”: Peter Morley, director, “Women of Courage,” television documentary, 1978, Imperial War Museum, London.

“looked much younger”: Neave, Saturday at M.I.9, 188.

“she was used to”: Ibid.

“fearlessness, independence”: Ibid., 189.

“My godfather died”: Peter Morley, director, “Women of Courage,” television documentary, 1978, Imperial War Museum, London.

“simply loved titled people”: Ibid.

“I found this completely ridiculous”: Neave, Saturday at M.I.9, 190.

“endanger her own life”: Ibid., 192.

“to use a battle-axe”: Langley, Fight Another Day, 189.

“I’ve nothing to say”: Neave, Saturday at M.I.9, 191.

“Spare no effort”: Langley, Fight Another Day, 189.

“I just wanted”: Neave, Saturday at M.I.9, 195.

“We’ve got only one”: Ibid., 201.

“die arrogante Engländerin”: Peter Morley, director, “Women of Courage,” television documentary, 1978, Imperial War Museum, London.

“In four minutes”: Foot and Langley, MI9, 230.

“The airmen who come”: “Airmen Remember Comet Line to Freedom,” BBC News, Oct. 24, 2000.

“were quite unable”: H. J. Giskes, London Calling North Pole (London: William Kimber, 1953), 138.

“As fast as”: Tessa Stirling, Daria Nałęcz, and Tadeusz Dubicki, eds., Intelligence Cooperation Between Poland and Great Britain During World War II (London: Valentine Mitchell, 2005), 558.

“We had no illusions”: Giskes, London Calling North Pole, 139.

“practically all the Allied”: Noel F. Busch, “Ambassador Biddle,” Life, Oct. 4, 1943.

“We can state”: Stirling, Nałęcz, and Dubicki, eds., Intelligence Cooperation Between Poland and Great Britain, 489.

“do for Germany”: Ben Macintyre, Double Cross: The True Story of the D-Day Spies (New York: Crown, 2012), 98.

“his loyalty is entirely”: Ibid., 32.

“From their knowledge”: Ibid., 418.

“studied not only by”: Ibid., 620.

“the new weapons”: R. V. Jones, Most Secret War (Ware, UK: Wordsworth Editions, 1998), 352.

“no one could say”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 6: Triumph and Tragedy (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1953), 43.

“a bit of a tall order”: Stirling, Nałęcz, and Dubicki, eds., Intelligence Cooperation between Poland and Great Britain, 475.

“as deafening as”: Jones, Most Secret War, 351.

“so sited”: Ibid.

“this extraordinary report”: Ibid., 354.

“one of the most effective”: David Ignatius, “After Five Decades, a Spy Tells Her Tale,” Washington Post, Dec. 28, 1998.

“teased them”: Ibid.

“had a far-reaching influence”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 5: Closing the Ring (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1951), 207.

“Were the Germans able”: Stirling, Nałęcz, and Dubicki, eds., Intelligence Cooperation Between Poland and Great Britain, 476.

“The man going home”: Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy, 39.

“as impersonal”: Angus Calder, The People’s War: Britain, 1939–1945 (New York: Pantheon, 1969), 560.

“aerial shooting gallery”: Lynne Olson and Stanley Cloud, A Question of Honor: The Kosciuszko Squadron: Forgotten Heroes of World War II (New York: Knopf, 2003), 330.

“Although we could do”: Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy, 53.

“excellence” and “gallantry”: Ibid., 49.

“lonesomeness”: Jones, Most Secret War, xiv.

“We have been working”: R. V. Jones, Reflections on Intelligence (London: Heinemann, 1989), 218.

“A substantial proportion”: Jones, Most Secret War, 346.

“a self-propelled projectile”: Jones, Reflections on Intelligence, 43.

“We will go”: Sarah Helm, Ravensbrück: Life and Death in Hitler’s Concentration Camp for Women (New York: Doubleday, 2015), 426.

“to stir up old memories”: Jones, Most Secret War, xiv.

“a great personal experience”: Ibid.

“YOU ARE TRYING”: H. J. Giskes, London Calling North Pole (London: William Kimber, 1953), 135.

“would gladly have murdered me”: Patrick Howarth, Intelligence Chief Extraordinary: The Life of the Ninth Duke of Portland (London: Bodley Head, 1986), 175.

“supreme objective”: Giskes, London Calling North Pole, 146.

“Despite severe setbacks”: Ibid., 139–40.

“Drops of agents”: Ibid., 147.

“a highly efficient espionage organization”: Ibid., 150.

“To a greater extent”: Werner Warmbrunn, The Dutch Under German Occupation 1940-1945 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1983), 120.

“In parts of Belgium”: Giskes, London Calling North Pole, 154.

“Well, of course”: Roderick Bailey, Forgotten Voices in the Secret War: An Inside History of Special Operations During the Second World War (London: Ebury Press, 2008), Kindle edition, loc. 3228.

“There was no shadow”: Ray Jenkins, A Pacifist at War (London: Arrow, 2010), 102.

“We thank you”: Leo Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide: A Codemaker’s War, 1941–45 (Stroud, UK: The History Press, 2013), 521.

“I knew that”: Bailey, Forgotten Voices, Kindle edition, loc. 3415.

“Without Churchill”: M.R.D. Foot, SOE in France: An Account of the Work of the British Special Operations Executive in France, 1940–1944 (London: HMSO, 1966), 352.

“a man of the Scarlet”: David Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service (London: John Murray, 1997), 277.

“Like de Gaulle”: Ibid.

“Brave and desperate men”: Ibid.

“After Churchill”: Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide, 29.

“Tommy was always prepared”: Ibid.

“Our present puny efforts”: Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, 278.

“carry messages”: Ibid.

“From January 1944”: Foot, SOE in France, 356.

“By now, France”: Philippe de Vomécourt, An Army of Amateurs (New York: Doubleday, 1961), 176.

“These are very difficult”: Jenkins, A Pacifist at War, 119.

“No one man”: de Vomécourt, An Army of Amateurs, 184–85.

“lived by faith”: Jan Nowak, Courier from Warsaw (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1982), 104.

“the ideals”: Ibid., 105.

“a rage I could”: Ibid., 268.

“the forcible transfer”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 7: Road to Victory, 1941–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), 17.

“found it convenient”: Max Hastings, Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–1945 (New York: Knopf, 2004), 508–9.

“go[ing] to the peace conference”: U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 3, 1943, 15.

“Here I sat”: Paul D. Mayle, Eureka Summit: Agreement in Principle and the Big Three at Tehran (Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 1987), 24.

“I am the leader”: Gilbert, Road to Victory, 646.

“As long as I live”: Edward Raczyński, In Allied London (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1963), 141.

“the only line of safety”: Gilbert, Road to Victory, 389.

“Force is on Russia’s side”: Allen Paul, Katyn: The Untold Story of Stalin’s Polish Massacre (New York: Scribner’s, 1991), 222.

“This is the end of Poland”: “Władysław Sikorski,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Władysław_Sikorski.

“He was unmistakably”: William Mackenzie, The Secret History of S.O.E.: Special Operations Executive, 1940-1945 (London: St. Ermin’s Press, 2000), 312.

“regarded Sikorski”: Ibid., 164.

“a tremendous impact”: Raczyński, In Allied London, 150.

“was the only man”: Harold Nicolson, The War Years, Diaries & Letters, 1939–1945, ed. Nigel Nicolson (New York: Atheneum, 1967), 303.

“the Soviets didn’t want”: Harvey Sarner, General Anders and the Soldiers of the Second Polish Corps (Cathedral City, CA: Brunswick Press, 1997), 155.

“with the Russians”: Gilbert, Road to Victory, 671.

“Neither SOE nor”: E.D.R. Harrison, “The British Special Operations Executive and Poland,” Historical Journal, Dec. 2000.

“make-believe joint planning”: Peter Wilkinson, Foreign Fields: The Story of an SOE Operative (London: I. B. Tauris, 1997), 124.

“the desirability of preparing”: Michael Alfred Peszke, The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2005), 106.

“the time is fast approaching”: Ibid., 110.

“the Czechs would have found”: Marcia Davenport, Too Strong for Fantasy (New York: Pocket Books, 1969), 273.

“has been and is now”: François Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle (New York: Atheneum, 1982), 288.

“this vain and even malignant man”: Ibid., 275.

“we would not only”: Ibid., 279.

“I am reaching the point”: Ibid., 291.

“An open clash”: Dwight David Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1974), 248.

“The prime minister”: Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle, 338–39.

“We are going to liberate”: Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), 557.

“I did not like”: Gilbert, Road to Victory, 1083.

“treason at the height”: Lacouture, De Gaulle, 524.

“FDR’s pique”: Jean Edward Smith, FDR (New York: Random House, 2007), 616.

“in deathly silence”: R. H. Bruce Lockhart, Comes the Reckoning (London: Putnam, 1947), 304.

“Without a trace”: Ibid.

“I’ll have trouble”: Ibid.

“but the opening phase”: Asa Briggs, The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, vol. 3: The War of Words (London: Oxford University Press, 1970), 597.

“In the undergrowth”: Ibid., 405–6.

“You make up a short message”: Leo Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide: A Codemaker’s War, 1941–45 (Stroud, UK: The History Press, 2013), 487.

“That was the first manifestation”: Roderick Bailey, Forgotten Voices in the Secret War: An Inside History of Special Operations During the Second World War (London: Ebury Press, 2008), Kindle edition, loc. 1781.

“active resisters were”: Ibid., loc. 3044.

“the entire French railway system”: M.R.D. Foot, SOE in France: An Account of the Work of the British Special Operations Executive in France, 1940–1944 (London: HMSO, 1966), 408.

“among the most formidable”: Max Hastings, Das Reich: The March of the 2nd Panzer Division Through France, June 1944 (London: Zenith Press, 2013), 222.

“They surrounded the Germans”: Foot, SOE in France, 408.

“in a state”: Ibid.

“must immediately pass”: Hastings, Das Reich, 88.

“obsession with retaining”: Ibid., 39.

“politically impossible”: Ibid., 74.

“Not even the most”: Ibid., 75.

“They burned, pillaged and killed”: Philippe de Vomécourt, An Army of Amateurs (New York: Doubleday, 1961), 14.

“a foolish”: Ray Jenkins, A Pacifist at War (London: Arrow, 2010), 153.

“never had a chance”: Rick Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light: The War in Western Europe, 1944–1945 (New York: Picador, 2013), 197.

“the underwater obstacles”: Douglas Porch, The French Secret Services: From the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995), 558.

“the Allies had never”: Eric Sevareid, Not So Wild a Dream (New York: Atheneum, 1976), 439.

“the shopkeepers”: Ibid., 436.

“the resistance reduced”: Foot, SOE in France, 441.

“yapping at their heels”: Julian Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 535.

“What the resistance achieved”: David Stafford, Secret Agent: The True Story of the Covert War Against Hitler (Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2003), 239.

“of inestimable value”: Ronald C. Rosbottom, When Paris Went Dark: The City of Light Under German Occupation, 1940–1944 (New York: Little, Brown, 2014), 273.

“In no previous war”: Foot, SOE in France, 441.

“showed as never before”: Porch, The French Secret Services, 258.

“One may ask”: Ibid., 263.

“in the end”: Ibid., 262.

“necessary myth”: Ibid., 263.

“de Gaulle had to convince”: Ibid.

“If there had been”: Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 537.

“a Resistance myth”: Ibid., 535.

“In recent years”: Airey Neave, Saturday at M.I.9: The Classic Account of the WWII Escape Organisation (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1969), 315.

“While its military successes”: de Vomécourt, An Army of Amateurs, 10.

“A man whose army”: Sevareid, Not So Wild a Dream, 434.

“standing at Warsaw’s gates”: Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, The Secret Army (London: Victor Gollancz, 1950), 292.

“National dignity and pride”: Stefan Korbonski, Fighting Warsaw (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1968), 347–48.

“in a world of illusion”: Wacław Jędrzejewicz, ed., Poland in the British Parliament, 1939–1945 (New York: Pilsudski Institute, 1946), 498.

“we are ready to fight”: Bór-Komorowski, The Secret Army, 206.

“completely impossible”: Ibid.

“proclaim the insurrection”: Michael Alfred Pezke, The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2005), 156.

“We have no choice”: Jan Nowak, Courier from Warsaw (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1982), 339.

“Every inhabitant of Warsaw”: Tadeusz Bielecki and Leszek Szymański, Warsaw Aflame: The 1939–1945 Years (Los Angeles: Polamerica Press, 1973), 137.

“From the historical point”: Ibid., 175.

“maximum effort”: Elisabeth Barker, Churchill and Eden at War (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1978), 253.

“could only be provided”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 7: Road to Victory, 1941–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), 895.

“Confident of the part”: Bór-Komorowski, The Secret Army, 263.

“WHEN IN 1940”: Edward Raczyński, In Allied London (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1963), 334.

“The Russian armies”: Gilbert, Road to Victory, 871.

“the Soviet Government could not”: U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 3, 1944, 1374.

“We intend to have Poland”: George F. Kennan, Memoirs (1925–1950) (New York: Bantam Books, 1969), 221.

“My grandfather”: Winston Churchill, speech, American Institute for Polish Culture, Miami, Jan. 28, 2001.

“Thank you”: Winston S. Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt, Churchill and Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence, vol. 3, ed. Warren F. Kimball (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), 294.

“I suggest that he”: Jean Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Rebel, 1890–1944 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990), 527.

“On the barricades”: Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Is Paris Burning? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 172.

“Tonight,” he said: Stanley Cloud and Lynne Olson, The Murrow Boys: Pioneers on the Front Lines of Broadcast Journalism (Boston: Mariner Books, 1996), 217.

“For five weeks”: Bielecki and Szymanski, Warsaw Aflame, 175.

“heartbreaking”: “A Tale of Two Cities,” Economist, Aug. 26, 1944.

“vastly bloodier”: Ibid.

“did not mean”: Lynne Olson and Stanley Cloud, A Question of Honor: The Kosciuszko Squadron: Forgotten Heroes of World War II (New York: Knopf, 2003), 343.

“terrible and even humbling”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 6: Triumph and Tragedy (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1953), 141.

“The problem of relief”: Ibid., 143–44.

“Had the containers”: Bór-Komorowski, The Secret Army, 350.

“We have been free”: Ibid., 376.

“jammed elbow to elbow”: Eric Sevareid, Not So Wild a Dream (New York: Atheneum, 1976), 472.

“had learned”: Ibid.

“We all tremble”: Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle, 373.

“magnanimous in victory”: Ibid., 357.

“it had to be seen”: Ibid., 374.

“were cheering”: Lord Ismay, The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay (New York: Viking, 1960), 387.

“For you”: Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), 723.

“incontestable leader”: Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle, 384.

“We would not have seen”: Ibid., 375–76.

“The joy of Paris”: Rick Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light: The War in Western Europe, 1944–1945 (New York: Picador, 2013), 231.

“as much use”: Ibid., 233.

“At that moment”: Max Hastings, Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–1945 (New York: Knopf, 2004), 19.

“refit, refuel, and rest”: Cornelius Ryan, A Bridge Too Far (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), Kindle edition, loc. 719.

“My excuse”: Ibid., loc. 1291.

“militarily, the war is won”: Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light, 223.

“bad mistake”: Hastings, Armageddon, 21.

“It was a flight”: Henri van der Zee, The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland, 1944–45 (London: Jill Norman and Hobhouse, 1982), 21.

“I wish to give”: Ibid., 18.

“The liberation”: Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, Kindle edition, loc. 131.

“This is not the marriage”: “HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands” (obituary), Telegraph, April 12, 2004.

“exuded an aura”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, In Pursuit of Life (Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2003), 143.

“I would have been”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 108.

“played a vital”: “HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands” (obituary), Telegraph, April 12, 2004.

“adored him”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 111.

“a major thrust”: Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, Kindle edition, loc. 620.

“I don’t think”: Ibid., loc. 1001.

“Montgomery didn’t believe”: Ibid.

“I would rather”: Michael Alfred Peszke, The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2005), 224–25.

“considered us a bunch”: Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, Kindle edition, loc. 1013.

“I am just”: Ibid.

“obsessed with the idea”: Ibid., loc. 878.

“Monty, you’re nuts”: Ibid., loc. 1077.

“It was absolutely impossible”: Ibid., loc. 1563.

“hysterical and nervous”: “A Life in Peace and War: Conversation with Sir Brian Urquhart,” Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley, March 19, 1996.

“was the one awkward fact”: Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light, 264.

“light-heartedness and inexperience”: M.R.D. Foot, Holland at War Against Hitler: Anglo-Dutch Relations, 1940–1945 (London: Frank Cass, 1990), 164.

“inability to suffer fools”: Max Arthur, “Obituary: General Sir John Hackett,” Independent, Sept.10, 1996.

“rather argumentative”: Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, Kindle edition, loc. 5032.

“After harrying”: Foot, Holland at War, 164.

“But the Germans”: Ibid.

“giggling like schoolboys”: Hastings, Armageddon, 36.

“doesn’t like being told”: Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, Kindle edition, loc. 6807.

“German capability”: Foot, Holland at War, 165.

“epic cock-up”: Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light, 288.

“We were prepared”: Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, Kindle edition, loc. 4157.

“had an outstanding force”: Ibid., loc. 5832.

“absolutely invaluable”: Foot, Holland at War, 116.

“figure of truly heroic proportions”: Ibid., 168.

“Arnhem, one of the most”: Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, Kindle edition, loc. 4125.

“kind, chivalrous, even comforting”: Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light, 275.

“It was pretty dismaying”: Hastings, Armageddon, 60.

“I still feel sick”: Barry Paris, Audrey Hepburn (New York: Berkley, 1996), Kindle edition, loc. 769.

“the heart and center”: General Sir John Hackett, I Was a Stranger (London: Chatto & Windus, 1978), 61.

“Thank God”: Ibid., 48.

“passing to and fro”: Ibid., 65.

“was now becoming”: Ibid.

“peace and industry”: Ibid., 80.

“It would be”: Ibid., 77.

“it would not”: Ibid., 78.

“Such loving kindness”: Ibid.

“Someone in my house”: Ibid., 68.

“the tidy gardens”: Ibid., 115.

“this mild and unassuming woman”: Ibid., 140.

“When these ladies”: Ibid., 82.

“One or another”: Ibid., 116.

“almost slinking away”: Ibid., 91.

“the searches”: Ibid., 141.

“Everything is well”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 136.

“heavy stone of sadness”: Hackett, I Was a Stranger, 160.

“rare and beautiful”: Ibid.

“expressed their loyalty”: Foot, Holland at War, 113.

“It was like”: Hackett, I Was a Stranger, 187–88.

“I was still both”: Ibid., 185.

“Good luck”: Ibid., 192.

“Hullo, Shan”: Ibid., 196.

“The gray goose has gone”: Ibid., 201.

“lost three-quarters”: Hastings, Armageddon, 60.

“The worst thing”: Peszke, The Polish Underground Army, 174.

“Between our front”: Hastings, Armageddon, 196.

“in order to hinder”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 29.

“it was the most important”: Ibid.

“Don’t worry”: Ibid., 30.

“You saw them”: Henri van der Zee, The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland, 1944–45 (London: Jill Norman and Hobhouse, 1982), 181.

“You look and feel”: Ibid., 184.

“smoking ruins and deadly silence”: Ibid., 46.

“People with their feet torn”: Ibid., 75–76.

“a quiet, oppressive apathy”: Ibid., 147.

“the year of liberation”: Ibid., 87.

“For the first time”: Ibid.

“By March”: Janet Flanner, “Letter from Amsterdam,” New Yorker, Feb. 15, 1947.

“Everyone tried to cook grass”: Barry Paris, Audrey Hepburn (New York: Berkley, 1996), Kindle edition, loc. 671.

“shrunken bodies”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 158.

“My old, beautiful, and noble”: Ibid., 209.

“For the first time”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange (London: Sphere, 1982), 233.

“Have you heard?”: Ibid.

“living my self-satisfied life”: Ibid.

“thanked God”: Ibid.

“one of the most impressive”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 34.

“ ‘Famine, floods’ ”: “Wreckers at Work,” Newsweek, Oct. 16, 1944.

“all the farm hands”: Rick Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light: The War in Western Europe, 1944–1945 (New York: Picador, 2013), 399.

“calamity as has not”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 171.

“military considerations”: Hastings, Armageddon, 412.

“The Allies are admired”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 191.

“I felt as if I”: H. R. H. Wilhelmina, Princess of the Netherlands, Lonely but Not Alone (London: Hutchinson, 1960), 181.

“I shall not forget”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 187.

“I must leave this”: Ibid., 173.

“to have Holland cleared up”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 7: Road to Victory, 1941–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), 1081.

“this slaughter of the Dutch”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 188.

“thorough explanation”: Ibid.

“deep regrets”: Ibid.

“the Anglo-Americans”: Julian Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 513.

“wanted to shriek out loud”: Ray Jenkins, A Pacifist at War (London: Arrow, 2010), 157–58.

“Terrible things”: Gilbert, Road to Victory, 784.

“had not fully realized”: Ibid., 739.

“not prepared to impose”: Lord Ismay, The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay (New York: Viking, 1960), 349.

“The inner door”: Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light, 555.

“fight to the last man”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 210.

“One has nothing”: Ibid., 229.

“decided to leave”: Ibid., 244.

“The Dutch must”: Ibid., 252.

“To the Dutch people”: Ian Buruma, Year Zero: A History of 1945 (New York: Penguin, 2013), 53.

“An old man”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 253.

“ran outside”: Ibid., 253–54.

“The emotion and enthusiasm”: Ibid., 254.

“If any emotions”: Ibid., 254–55.

“Fear was finished”: Ibid., 257.

“We are no longer isolated”: Ibid.

“I saw people”: Ibid., 277–78.

“It gives me a shock”: Ibid., 278.

“Wilhelmus of Orange”: Ibid., 276–77.

“expressed the longing”: Ibid., 277.

“felt about the Allies”: Ibid.

“We have been kissed”: Buruma, Year Zero, 14.

“On first appearance”: van der Zee, The Hunger Winter, 298.

“The babies were tragic”: Ibid., 302.

“We had almost”: Paris, Kindle edition, loc. 835.

“packets of tea”: General Sir John Hackett, I Was a Stranger (London: Chatto & Windus, 1978), 209.

“A leaden pall”: Ibid., 210.

“looking about them”: Ibid.

“With the certainty”: Ibid., 211.

“whose gate”: Ibid.

“There was no surprise”: Ibid.

“Did you get”: Ibid.

“the sharp cold”: Ibid., 212.

“we sat down”: Ibid., 214.

“What is it?”: Ibid.

“in keeping with”: H. R. H. Wilhelmina, Princess of the Netherlands, Lonely but Not Alone (London: Hutchinson, 1960), 227.

“Rie, Peter, and I”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange (London: Sphere, 1982), 247.

“she ignored it”: Ibid., 236.

“At first, Peter”: Ibid., 241.

“In my garden”: Ibid., 242.

“I do not intend”: Ibid., 241.

“Captain, this is steak”: Ibid.

“synonymous as it was”: Ibid., 253.

“War brought Queen Wilhelmina”: “The Woman Who Wanted a Smile,” Time, Sept. 6, 1946.

“dangers of leaving”: Sir Peter Thorne, “Andrew Thorne and the Liberation of Norway,” in Britain and Norway in the Second World War, ed. Patrick Salmon (London: HMSO, 1995), 209.

“It is safe to say”: Tim Greve, Haakon VII of Norway: Founder of a New Monarchy (London, Hurst, 1985), 170.

“Everything was out of place”: Ibid., 173.

“the most beloved personage”: “King Haakon Dead in Norway,” New York Times, Sept. 22, 1957.

“the situation was full”: Sawyer to Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, March 29, 1945, U.S. State Department Records, National Archives, Washington, DC.

“Were he to openly back”: James H. Huizinga, Mr. Europe: A Political Biography of Paul Henri Spaak (New York: Praeger, 1961), 177.

“It is not difficult”: Ibid., 181.

“gratuitously covering”: Ibid., 184.

“The question is not”: Jan Velaers and Herman Van Goethem, Leopold III (Brussels: Lannoo, 2001), 955.

“I have not had”: Huizinga, Mr. Europe, 209.

“Iron Curtain of the next”: Caleb Crain, “Almost History: Plzeň, May 1991,” New York Review of Books, Aug. 21, 2013.

“In our view”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 7: Road to Victory, 1941–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), 1322.

“For God’s sake, Brad”: Carlo D’Este, Patton: A Genius for War (New York: HarperPerennial, 1995), 728.

“Personally, and aside”: Max Hastings, Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–1945 (New York: Knopf, 2004), 486.

“We Communists”: Claire Sterling, The Masaryk Case (New York: Harper & Row, 1969), 17–18.

“No [Czech] citizen”: Josef Korbel, Twentieth-Century Czechoslovakia: The Meanings of Its History (New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), 215.

“Thank God”: Ibid., 214.

“without enthusiasm”: František Moravec, Master of Spies: The Memoirs of General František Moravec (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1975), 232.

“was moving”: Ibid.

“Beneš dealt”: Korbel, Twentieth-Century Czechoslovakia, 197.

“I asked him”: Moravec, Master of Spies, 229.

“we had no fascists”: Ibid., 219.

“I was treated”: Ibid., 233.

“coming from America”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 6: Triumph and Tragedy (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1953), 367.

“fought like a tiger”: Robert Payne, The Rise and Fall of Stalin (New York: Avon Books, 1966), 665.

“Poland must be mistress”: Gilbert, Road to Victory, 1184.

“Just think”: M. Lisiewicz et al., eds., Destiny Can Wait: The Polish Air Force in the Second World War (Nashville, TN: Battery Press, 1949), 168–69.

“keep peace, dignity”: Wacław Jędrzejewicz, ed., Poland in the British Parliament, 1939–1945 (New York: Pilsudski Institute, 1946), 369.

“On the one hand”: Romuald Lipinski, Memoirs, Polish Combatants Association, http://www.execulink.com/jferenc.

“are starved, beaten”: Gilbert, Road to Victory, 1243.

“The Poles”: Max Hastings, Inferno: The World at War, 1939–1945 (New York: Vintage, 2012), 631.

“source of increasing political embarrassment”: Cabinet minutes, Jan. 22, 1946, AIR 8/1157, National Archives, London.

“cold and dispassionate attitude”: Air Ministry memo, Jan. 17, 1946, FO 371/115, National Archives, London.

“strongest, the most loyal”: Ibid.

“Throughout our history”: Edward Raczyński, In Allied London (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1963), xii.

“Why are you crying”: Zamoyski, The Forgotten Few, 4.

“Any one of these”: Jones, Reflections, 217.

“What a windfall”: Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two (Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1984), 207.

“Setting them to work”: Władysław Kozaczuk and Jerzy Straszak, Enigma: How the Poles Broke the Nazi Code (New York: Hippocrene Books, 2004), 240.

“We cannot exclude”: Ibid.

“to cooperate”: Jan Stanislaw Ciechanowski et al., eds., Rejewski: Living with the Enigma Secret (Bydgoszcz, Poland: Bydgoszcz City Council, 2005), 199.

“It is clear”: Kozaczuk and Straszak, Enigma, 248.

“Such a theft”: R. V. Jones, Reflections on Intelligence (London: Heinemann, 1989), 213–14.

“The credit I gave them”: Ibid., 213.

“Until just before”: Ibid., 214.

“would never have”: Gordon Welchman, The Hut Six Story (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982), 305.

“nothing but depressing”: Ciechanowski et al., eds., Rejewski, 88.

“a barren existence”: Ibid., 42.

“greatly assisted”: http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/polish-memorial-at-bletchley-park/view/google/.

“as a whole”: “Poland’s Overlooked Enigma Codebreakers,” BBC News Magazine, July 5, 2014.

“There will be food”: Henri van der Zee, The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland, 1944–45 (London: Jill Norman and Hobhouse, 1982), 286.

“as close to destitution”: Rudy Abrahamson, Spanning the Century: The Life of W. Averell Harriman (New York: William Morrow, 1992), 413.

“Under the German occupation”: Malcolm Muggeridge, Chronicles of Wasted Time, vol. 2: The Infernal Grove (London: Collins, 1973), 224.

“we [regarded ourselves]”: Paul Watkins, Fellowship of Ghosts: A Journey Through the Mountains of Norway (New York: Picador, 2011), 202.

“If you wanted”: Ibid.

“one of the more”: Muggeridge, The Infernal Grove, 224.

“People who did not”: Jan Karski, Story of a Secret State (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2013), 243–44.

“In the circumstances”: Tony Judt, Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 (New York: Penguin, 2005), 45.

“needed and received”: Louis de Jong, The Netherlands and Nazi Germany (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), 7.

“During the first two years”: Julian Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 350.

“fear and their own worries”: Elsa van der Laaken, Point of Reference (Bloomington, IN: Xlibris, 2002), 138.

“The criminal madness”: Marlise Simons, “Chirac Affirms France’s Guilt in Fate of Jews,” New York Times, July 17, 1995.

“give a ‘message’ ”: Kenneth Turan, “ ‘Sorrow and the Pity’ Still Potent, Powerful,” Los Angeles Times, July 7, 2000.

“required the solidarity”: Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 360.

“every [one of them]”: Tessa Stirling, Daria Nałęcz, and Tadeusz Dubicki, eds., Intelligence Cooperation Between Poland and Great Britain During World War II (London: Valentine Mitchell, 2005), 64.

“It is not surprising”: Michael R. Marrus, The Holocaust in History (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1987), 107.

“Silence over Europe’s recent past”: Tony Judt, Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 (New York: Penguin, 2005), 10.

“through the entire war”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, In Pursuit of Life (Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2003), 200.

“a creature from another”: Ibid., 197.

“The fearsome dangers”: Ibid., 75.

“skeptical, pragmatic practitioners”: Judt, Postwar, 82.

“was the embodiment”: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, Soldier of Orange (London: Sphere, 1982), 258.

“To every Hollander”: Ibid.

“a victory”: M.R.D. Foot, Holland at War Against Hitler: Anglo-Dutch Relations, 1940–1945 (London: Frank Cass, 1990), 213.

“the spokesman for all”: “The Netherlands: Woman in the House,” Time, May 13, 1946.

“The idea that”: Ian Buruma, Year Zero: A History of 1945 (New York: Penguin, 2013), 8.

“It is now obvious”: David Dimbleby and David Reynolds, An Ocean Apart: The Relationship Between Britain and America in the Twentieth Century (New York: Random House, 1988), 188.

“I left for Moscow”: Marcia Davenport, Too Strong for Fantasy (New York: Pocket Books, 1969), 339.

“What happened in Washington”: Ibid., 342.

“Facing an implacable foe”: Josef Korbel, Twentieth-Century Czechoslovakia: The Meanings of Its History (New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), 247.

“They have found out”: Ibid., 246.

“What died with him”: Claire Sterling, The Masaryk Case (New York: Harper & Row, 1969), 1.

“determination of the free countries”: Foot, Holland at War, 190.

“really made us”: Jack Adams, The Doomed Expedition: The Norwegian Campaign of 1940 (London: Leo Cooper, 1989), 35.

“rather like one”: James H. Huizinga, Mr. Europe: A Political Biography of Paul Henri Spaak (New York: Praeger, 1961), 75.

“I’m often told”: Ibid.

“If the European Community”: Robert W. Allen, Churchill’s Guests: Britain and the Belgian Exiles During World War II (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003), 181.

“I have opened”: Huizinga, Mr. Europe, 239.

“When we have won”: Douglas Dodds-Parker, Setting Europe Ablaze: Some Account of Ungentlemanly Warfare (Windlesham, UK: Springwood, 1983), 94.

“Britain, our closest”: Foot, Holland at War, 189.

“consent to think”: Huizinga, Mr. Europe, 233.

“in which the barriers”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 7: Road to Victory, 1941–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), 239.

“When the Nazi power”: M.R.D. Foot, Holland at War Against Hitler: Anglo-Dutch Relations, 1940–1945 (London: Frank Cass, 1990), 246.

“solemn charades”: Huizinga, Mr. Europe, 235.

“I admire those”: Ibid., 236.

“We are with Europe”: John Colville, Winston Churchill and His Inner Circle (New York: Wyndham Books, 1981), 261.

“Every time we must”: Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), 557.

“renounce the insularity”: Willy Brandt, In Exile: Essays, Reflections and Letters, 1933–1947 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1971), 10.

“moment of national reconciliation”: Tony Judt, Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 (New York: Penguin, 2005), 160.

“as the last hurrah”: Max Hastings, Inferno: The World at War, 1939–1945 (New York: Vintage, 2012), 639.

“an embrace so close”: Antony Beevor and Artemis Cooper, Paris: After the Liberation: 1944-1949 (New York: Penguin, 2004), 375.

“any British pretension”: Beevor and Cooper, Paris: After the Liberation, 375.

“If we try to remain”: David Reynolds, “France, Britain and the Narrative of Two World Wars,” in Britain and France in Two World Wars: Truth, Myth and Memory, ed. Robert Tombs and Emile Chabal (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013), 207.

“The price of British overdependence”: Jeremy Paxman, The English: A Portrait of a People (Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2000), 41.

“on the fringe”: Reynolds, “France, Britain and the Narrative of Two World Wars,” 207.

“prosperity, security, health”: Neal Ascherson, “Painful Lessons Must Be Learned by Europe,” Guardian, July 18, 2015.

“What began as a drive”: Roger Cohen, “For a Europe Remade, a Celebration in Uncertainty,” International Herald Tribune, March 24, 2007.

“Never again”: New York Times, July 10, 1997.

“an unforgettable one”: Bronisław Gieremek, “Britain and Poland: The Neglected Friendship?,” Polish International Institute, May 17, 2006.

“During the Second World War”: Foot, Holland at War, 186.

“The essential”: François Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle (New York: Atheneum, 1982), 414.

“bordered on idolatry”: Tom Hickman, What Did You Do in the War, Auntie? (London: BBC Books, 1995), 204.

“it was almost embarrassing”: Ibid., 127.

“During the long”: Asa Briggs, The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, vol. 3: The War of Words (London: Oxford University Press, 1970), 611.

“The British made me feel”: Joachim Rønneberg, “The Linge Company and the British,” in Britain and Norway in the Second World War, ed. Patrick Salmon (London: HMSO, 1995), 157.

“love which was neither”: Ray Jenkins, A Pacifist at War (London: Arrow, 2010), 125.

“the courage and compassion”: General Sir John Hackett, I Was a Stranger (London: Chatto & Windus, 1978), 210.

“the spiritual experience”: John Waddy, “Shan Hackett at Arnhem,” Airborne Assault, http://www.paradata.org.uk/articles/shan-hackett-arnhem-article-john-waddy.

“This was a battle”: Ibid.

“50 years ago”: “WW2 People’s War,” www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peoples war/stories/61/a5887461.shtml.

“buried here”: Robert Hardman, “Seventy Years On, Arnhem Has Never Forgotten Thousands of British and Polish Soldiers Who Gave Their Lives in Ill-Fated Allied Plan to Deliver Blow to Hitler,” Daily Mail, Sept. 27, 2014.

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1: “MAJESTY, WE ARE AT WAR!”

CHAPTER 2: “A BOLD AND NOBLE WOMAN”

CHAPTER 3: “A COMPLETE AND UTTER SHAMBLES”

CHAPTER 4: “WE SHALL CONQUER TOGETHER— OR WE SHALL DIE TOGETHER”

CHAPTER 5: “SOMETHING CALLED HEAVY WATER”

CHAPTER 6: “THEY ARE BETTER THAN ANY OF US”

CHAPTER 7: “MY GOD, THIS IS A LOVELY PLACE TO BE!”

CHAPTER 8: “THIS IS LONDON CALLING”

CHAPTER 9: “AN AVALANCHE OF VS”

CHAPTER 10: SPYING ON THE NAZIS

CHAPTER 11: “MAD HATTER’S TEA PARTY”

CHAPTER 12: FACTIONS, FEUDS, AND INFIGHTING

CHAPTER 13: “RICH AND POOR RELATIONS”

CHAPTER 14: “THE UGLY REALITY”

CHAPTER 15: “THE ENGLAND GAME”

CHAPTER 16: “BE MORE CAREFUL NEXT TIME”

CHAPTER 17: “HEROISM BEYOND ANYTHING I CAN TELL YOU”

CHAPTER 18: A GIANT JIGSAW PUZZLE

CHAPTER 19: “A FORMIDABLE SECRET ARMY”

CHAPTER 20: “THE POOR LITTLE ENGLISH DONKEY”

CHAPTER 21: SETTLING THE SCORE

CHAPTER 22: “A TALE OF TWO CITIES”

CHAPTER 23: “I WAS A STRANGER AND YOU TOOK ME IN”

CHAPTER 24: THE HUNGER WINTER

CHAPTER 25: “THERE WAS NEVER A HAPPIER DAY”

CHAPTER 26: “WHY ARE YOU CRYING, YOUNG MAN?”

CHAPTER 27: “A COLLECTIVE FAULT”

CHAPTER 28: “THE WORLD COULD NOT POSSIBLY BE THE SAME”

CHAPTER 29: “MY COUNSEL TO EUROPE…: UNITE!”