Introduction: The infra-ordinary
1. Raoul Vaneigem, The Revolution of Everyday Life, trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith (London: Rebel Press/Left Bank Books, [1967] 1994), p. 21.
2. Humphrey Jennings and Charles Madge (eds), May the Twelfth: Mass-Observation Day Surveys 1937 (London: Faber and Faber, [1937] 1987), pp. 360–97.
3. Tom Harrisson, Humphrey Jennings and Charles Madge, ‘Anthropology at home’, New Statesman and Nation, 30 January 1937, p. 155.
4. Tom Harrisson, Britain Revisited (London: Victor Gollancz, 1961), p. 25; Tom Harrisson, World Within: A Borneo Story (London: Cresset, 1959), p. 158.
5. Charles Madge and Tom Harrisson, Mass-Observation (London: Frederick Muller, 1937), p. 29.
6. Walter Hood, ‘Outing with a girl stranger, 19 April 1938’, in Angus Calder and Dorothy Sheridan (eds), Speak for Yourself: A Mass-Observation Anthology 1937– 49 (London: Jonathan Cape, 1984), pp. 39–42.
7. Charles Madge and Tom Harrisson (eds), First Year’s Work 1937–38 by Mass-Observation (London: Lindsay Drummond, 1938), p. 87.
8. Angus Calder, ‘Introduction’, in Tom Harrisson and Charles Madge, Britain by Mass-Observation (London: Cresset, [1939] 1986), p. vii.
9. Cassandra, ‘What were you doing at 8.57 last night?’, Daily Mirror, 25 June 1937.
10. Georges Perec, Species of Spaces and Other Pieces, ed. and trans. John Sturrock (London: Penguin, 1999), p. 210.
11. Siegfried Kracauer, ‘Boredom’, in The Mass Ornament: Weimar Essays, ed. and trans. Thomas Y. Levin (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), pp. 331–2.
12. Lytton Strachey, Eminent Victorians (Harmondsworth: Penguin, [1918] 1986), p. 9.
13. Richard Steele, ‘The hours of London’, Spectator, 11 August 1712, reprinted in Rick Allen (ed.), The Moving Pageant: A Literary Sourcebook on London Street-life, 1700–1914 (London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 42, 44.
14. Charles Dickens, ‘The Streets – Morning’ and ‘The Streets – Night’, in Sketches by Boz (London: J. M. Dent, [1836] 1968), pp. 42–46, 47–51.
1. Bacon and eggs to go
1. Perec, Species of Spaces, pp. 50, 210.
2. Arnold Palmer, Movable Feasts: A Reconnaissance of the Origins and Consequences of Fluctuations in Meal-Times with Special Attention to the Introduction of Luncheon and Afternoon Tea (Oxford: Oxford University Press, [1952] 1984), p. 74.
3. J. C. Drummond and Anne Wilbraham, The Englishman’s Food: A History of Five Centuries of English Diet (London: Pimlico, [1939] 1991), p. 335.
4. A. P. Herbert, ‘Bacon and Eggs’, in A Book of Ballads: Being the Collected Light Verse (London: Ernest Benn, 1931), pp. 31–2.
5. ‘Cooked breakfast’, The Times, 14 August 1961.
6. Adverts in The Times, 17 October 1939 and 6 February 1940.
7. Mass-Observation, Meet Yourself on Sunday (London: Naldrett Press, 1949), p. 11.
8. David Pocock, ‘Introduction’, in Palmer, Movable Feasts, pp. xx–xxi.
9. Ron Noon, ‘Goodbye, Mr Cube’, History Today, October 2001, pp. 40–1.
10. Pocock, ‘Introduction’, in Palmer, Movable Feasts, p. xxi.
11. Edmund Leach, A Runaway World? The Reith Lectures 1967 (London: BBC, 1968), p. 42; Edmund Leach, ‘The cereal-packet norm’, Guardian, 29 January 1968.
12. Ellen Lupton, Mechanical Brides: Women and Machines from Home to Office (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Architectural Press, 1993), pp. 5–6; advert in the Daily Mirror for Morphy-Richards toasters, 17 September 1964.
13. ‘As others see us’, The Times, 24 July 1961.
14. Paul Fussell, Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 47.
15. Miriam Akhtar and Steve Humphries, The Fifties and Sixties: A Lifestyle Revolution (London: Boxtree, 2001), p. 107.
16. Derek Cooper, The Bad Food Guide (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1968), p. 182.
17. Elizabeth David, English Bread and Yeast Cookery (London: Allen Lane, 1977), pp. 35, 542.
18. Delia’s How to Cook, BBC2, 20 October 1998.
19. Nigel Slater, ‘Use your loaf’, Observer, 13 March 1994.
20. Reyner Banham, ‘Household godjets’, in Paul Barker (ed.), Arts in Society: A New Society Collection (London: Fontana, 1977), p. 165.
21. Sigmund Freud, ‘Civilization and its discontents’, in Civilization, Society and Religion, trans. James Strachey (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991), p. 280.
22. Kellogg’s Company of Great Britain, Breakfast and the Changing British Lifestyle (London: Kellogg’s, 1977), no page numbers.
23. Hansard (Commons), Fifth Series, Volume 852, 5–16 March 1973 (London: HMSO, 1973), p. 578.
24. ‘Save your great British brekker!’, Daily Mirror, 18 November 1974.
25. Pocock, ‘Introduction’, in Palmer, Movable Feasts, pp. xix–xx.
26. Christina Hardyment, Slice of Life: The British Way of Eating Since 1945 (London: BBC Books, 1995), p. 201.
27. ‘Cereal manufacturers may soon be facing a problem’, SuperMarketing, 29 May 1987, p. 10.
28. Philippa Drewer (ed.), Breakfast Cereals: Market Report 2004 (London: Key Note, 2004), p. 20.
29. Kellogg’s Nutri-Grain packaging, 1997.
30. Andrew Gumbel, ‘All set for the feeding frenzy’, Independent, 3 February 1999.
31. Julian Barnes, Flaubert’s Parrot (London: Jonathan Cape, 1984), p. 101.
2. Standing room only
1. Virginia Woolf, Jacob’s Room (London: Grafton, [1922] 1976), p. 79.
2. Simon Garfield, Our Hidden Lives: The Everyday Diaries of a Forgotten Britain 1945–1948 (London: Ebury, 2004), p. 96.
3. William Hazlitt, Table Talk: Essays on Men and Manners (London: J. M. Dent, [1822] 1959), p. 75.
4. The Railway Traveller’s Handy Book of Hints, Suggestions and Advice: Before the Journey, On the Journey and After the Journey, ed. Jack Simmons (Bath: Adams and Dart, [1862] 1971), p. 62.
5. The Railway Traveller’s Handy Book, p. 65.
6. ‘Overcrowding in motor-omnibuses’, The Times, 24 March 1906.
7. ‘More comfort on the underground’, The Times, 12 August 1924.
8. Geoffrey Kichenside, 150 Years of Railway Carriages: Railway History in Pictures (Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1981), p. 5.
9. Tom Harrisson, ‘Demob diary’, New Statesman and Nation, 28 September 1946, p. 221, quoted in Nick Hubble, Mass-Observation and Everyday Life: Culture, History, Theory (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2006), p. 9; and Judith M. Heimann, The Most Offending Soul Alive: Tom Harrisson and his Remarkable Life (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998), p. 241.
10. W. H. Auden, ‘September 1, 1939’, in Selected Poems, ed. Edward Mendelson (London: Faber and Faber, 1979), p. 88.
11. Jack Simmons and Gordon Biddle (eds.), Oxford Companion to British Railway History: From 1603 to the 1990s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 96.
12. ‘Champion commuter’, The Times, 23 February 1963.
13. ‘Constant seasons’, The Times, 8 March 1956.
14. Fred Miller Robinson, The Man in the Bowler Hat: His History and Iconography (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), pp. 166, 168.
15. Andrew Murray, Off the Rails: The Crisis on Britain’s Railways (London: Verso, 2001), p. 9; Margaret Thatcher, speech representing 1989 Better Environment Awards for Industry, 16 March 1990, in Christopher Collins (ed.), Margaret Thatcher: Complete Public Statements on CD-ROM (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).
16. See Christian Wolmar, On the Wrong Line: How Ideology and Incompetence Wrecked Britain’s Railways (London: Aurum, 2005), p. 44.
17. See Wolmar, On the Wrong Line, p. 44.
18. Robert Wright, ‘Ideas above their station’, Financial Times, 22 October 2005; Jack Simmons, The Victorian Railway (London: Thames and Hudson, 1991), p. 362.
19. House of Commons Transport Committee, Overcrowding on Public Transport (London: Stationery Office, 2003), pp. 4–10, 23.
20. James Tozer, ‘Overcrowded trains? OK, we’ll rip out half the seats’, Daily Mail, 2 August 2002.
21. Ben Webster, ‘Q. How do you get more passengers on your train? A. Take out the seats’, The Times, 2 October 2006.
22. Erving Goffman, Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings (New York: Free Press, 1963), p. 83.
23. Erving Goffman, Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order (London: Allen Lane, 1971), p. 125.
24. E. J. Poole-Connor, ‘Points from letters’, The Times, 7 August 1937.
25. ‘Disturbance at a station’, The Times, 19 August 1935.
26. G. I. Rees-Jones, ‘Chivalry rewarded’, The Times, 16 August 1961.
27. Richard Branson, Losing My Virginity: The Autobiography (London: Virgin, 1998), p. 358.
3. A lifetime behind a desk
1. Primo Levi, The Wrench, trans. William Weaver (London: Abacus, 1988), p. 80.
2. Business Etiquette Handbook (West Nyack: Parker Publishing Co., 1965), quoted in Max Nathan with Judith Doyle, The State of the Office: The Politics and Geography of Working Space (London: The Work Foundation, 2002), p. 24.
3. Adrian Forty, Objects of Desire: Design and Society since 1750 (London: Thames and Hudson, 1986), p. 148.
4. Eric Larrabee, ‘The cult of work: what is happening to the office?’, Industrial Design, 1 (April 1954), p. 21.
5. Forty, Objects of Desire, pp. 140, 143, 147.
6. Forty, Objects of Desire, p. 153.
7. John R. Berry, Herman Miller: Classic Furniture and System Designs for the Working Environment (London: Thames and Hudson, 2004), p. 194.
8. Robert Propst, The Office – A Facility Based on Change (Elmhurst, IL: Business Press, 1968), pp. 21–25.
9. Philip J. Stone and Robert Luchetti, ‘Your office is where you are’, Harvard Business Review, 63: 2 (March–April 1985), p. 103.
10. Stone and Luchetti, ‘Your office is where you are’, p. 102.
11. Berry, Herman Miller, p. 125.
12. Newspaper clipping exhibited at the ‘Office Politics: Women in the Workplace 1860–2004’ exhibition held at the Women’s Library, London Metropolitan University, 12 February–1 May 2004.
13. ‘Why girls prefer “modesty boards …”’, Daily Mirror, 12 August 1965.
14. J. Manser, ‘New thinking in office furniture’, Design, 236 (1968), p. 16.
15. Joy Hendry, Wrapping Culture: Politeness, Presentation and Power in Japan and Other Societies (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), p. 124.
16. Diana Rowntree, ‘Desk and chair: basic tools of urban life’, Design, 105 (1957), p. 17.
17. Berry, Herman Miller, p. 130.
18. Berry, Herman Miller, p. 133.
19. Berry, Herman Miller, p. 203.
20. Tom Newton Dunn, ‘MoD wastes millions on posh chairs’, Sun, 12 July 2004.
21. Darrin Zeer, Office Feng Shui (San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2004), p. 17.
22. See the ‘Office Doctors’ website at http://www.officedoctors.co.uk (accessed on 3 July 2006).
23. Meredith M. Wells, ‘Office clutter or meaningful personal displays: the role of office personalization in employee and organizational well-being’, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20:3 (September 2000), p. 246.
24. Samuel D. Gosling, Sei Jin Ko, Thomas Mannarelli and Margaret E. Morris, ‘A room with a cue: personality judgments based on offices and bedrooms’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82:3 (2002), pp. 379–98. See also Jennifer Drapkin, ‘Betrayed by your desk’, Psychology Today, July/ August 2005, pp. 34–5.
25. See Abigail J. Sellen and Richard H. R. Harper, The Myth of the Paperless Office (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002); Malcolm Gladwell, ‘The social life of paper’, New Yorker, 25 March 2002, pp. 92–6; and Eric Abrahamson and David H. Freedman, A Perfect Mess: The Hidden Benefits of Disorder (Boston: Little, Brown, 2007).
26. Nathan, The State of the Office, p. 22.
27. Stone and Luchetti, ‘Your office is where you are’, pp. 103, 111.
28. Berry, Herman Miller, p. 209.
29. Sana Siwolop, ‘Stepping out from its cubicle’, New York Times, 15 February 1998.
30. Description of Herman Miller furniture at http://www.hmeurope.com (accessed on 4 September 2006).
31. Francis Duffy, The New Office (London: Conran Octopus, 1997), pp. 8–10.
32. Nathan, The State of the Office, p. 6.
33. John Heskett, Toothpicks and Logos: Design in Everyday Life (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 112–14.
34. Nathan, The State of the Office, pp. 24, 28.
35. Nathan, The State of the Office, p. 19.
4. The word from the water cooler
1. Jonathan Gathorne-Hardy, The Office (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1970), p. 7.
2. Sinclair Lewis, The Job (London: Jonathan Cape, [1917] 1929), p. 229.
3. Entry in the Oxford English Dictionary.
4. Mass-Observation, War Factory (London: Cresset, [1943] 1987), pp. 30–31.
5. Paul Vaughan, Exciting Times in the Accounts Department (London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1995), p. 12.
6. ‘Are vending machines the answer to tea strikes?’, The Times, 26 September 1962.
7. Anthony M. Perry, ‘Vending machines: a special report’, The Times, 12 February 1968.
8. ‘Row brews up over the civil servants’ robot cuppa’, Daily Mirror, 2 June 1969; ‘Queue here for a ghost cuppa’, Daily Mirror, 10 March 1978.
9. Robert Propst speaking in 1998, quoted in John R. Berry, Herman Miller: Classic Furniture and System Designs for the Working Environment (London: Thames and Hudson, 2004), p. 125.
10. Jacqueline Simpson and Steve Roud, A Dictionary of English Folklore (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 277. See also Michael J. Preston, ‘Xerox-lore’, Keystone Folklore Quarterly, 19 (1974), pp. 11–26.
11. Cahal Milmo, ‘After 50 years, KitKat takes a break from the slogan that made its name’, Independent, 3 August 2004.
12. ‘Our favourite ways to waste some time’, Personnel Today, 25 July 2000, quoted in Judith Doyle, New Community or New Slavery? The Emotional Division of Labour (London: The Industrial Society, 2000), p. 8.
13. Robin Dunbar, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language (London: Faber and Faber, 1996), p. 123.
14. John R. Weeks, Unpopular Culture: The Ritual of Complaint in a British Bank (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), p. 3.
15. Weeks, Unpopular Culture, pp. 67–73.
16. Weeks, Unpopular Culture, p. 10.
17. Dunbar, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, pp. 204, 207.
18. Richard Sennett, The Corrosion of Character (New York: Norton, 1998), pp. 15–31; Ray Pahl, On Friendship (Cambridge: Polity, 2000), p. 169.
19. Francis Duffy, The New Office (London: Conran Octopus, 1997), p. 61.
20. Michael Moynagh and Richard Worsley, Tomorrow’s Workplace: Fulfilment or Stress? (Kings Lynn: The Tomorrow Project, 2001), pp. 27–8.
21. Francis Green, David Ashton, Brendan Burchell, Bryn Davies and Alan Felstead, ‘Are British workers getting more skilled?’, in A. B. Atkinson and John Hills (eds), Exclusion, Employment and Opportunity (London: London School of Economics, 1998), pp. 117–18.
22. Barrie Clement, ‘Cappuccino crisis almost sent London down tube’, Independent, 3 December 1996.
23. D. J. Taylor, ‘Why everything still stops for tea’, Independent, 21 August 2001.
24. See Malcolm Gladwell, ‘Java man’, New Yorker, 30 July 2001, p. 78.
25. UCL Space Syntax, ‘Work environments’ (2001), at http://www.spacesyntax.com, quoted in Max Nathan with Judith Doyle, The State of the Office: The Politics and Geography of Working Space (London: The Work Foundation, 2002), p. 9.
26. Nathan, The State of the Office, p. 25; see also Philip J. Stone and Robert Luchetti, ‘Your office is where you are’, Harvard Business Review, 63:2 (March–April 1985), p. 108; and Thomas J. Allen, Managing the Flow of Technology: Technology Transfer and the Dissemination of Technological Information Within the R&D Organization (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977), pp. 238–9.
5. Cashier number one, please
1. Siegfried Kracauer, The Salaried Masses: Duty and Distraction in Weimar Germany, trans. Quintin Hoare (London: Verso, 1998), p. 62.
2. Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History in Three Parts, Volume 1 (London: Methuen, [1837] 1902), p. 307.
3. George Orwell, ‘The English people’, in Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus (eds), The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, Volume 3: As I Please 1943– 1945 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970), p. 16.
4. George Mikes, How to be an Alien: A Handbook for Beginners and More Advanced Pupils (Harmondsworth: Penguin, [1946] 1966), p. 48.
5. Ernest Barker, ‘An attempt at perspective’, in Barker (ed.), The Character of England (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1947), p. 562.
6. Barker, ‘An attempt at perspective’, p. 562.
7. Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska, Austerity in Britain: Rationing, Controls, and Consumption 1939–1955 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 118.
8. Quoted in James Hinton, ‘Militant housewives: the British Housewives’ League and the Attlee government’, History Workshop Journal, 38 (Autumn 1994), p. 129.
9. Gareth Shaw, Louise Curth and Andrew Alexander, ‘Selling self-service and the supermarket: the Americanisation of food retailing in Britain, 1945–60’, Business History, 46:4 (October 2004), p. 572.
10. Louise Curth, Gareth Shaw and Andrew Alexander, ‘Streamlining shopping’, History Today (November 2002), p. 35.
11. ‘70 new self-service shops a month’, The Times, 9 March 1959.
12. ‘Waits at supermarkets’, The Times, 27 May 1964.
13. Correlli Barnett, The Lost Victory: British Dreams, British Realities, 1945–1950 (London: Macmillan, 1995), p. 174.
14. David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh, The British General Election of 1979 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1980), p. 140.
15. ‘“Epoch-making” poster was clever fake’, BBC News Online, 16 March 2001, http://news.bbc.co.uk (accessed on 4 May 2005).
16. George Orwell, ‘The lion and the unicorn: socialism and the English genius’, in Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus (eds), The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, Volume 2: My Country Right or Left 1940–1943 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970), pp. 75–6.
17. ‘Keeping people in line’, Director (May 1996), p. 18.
18. Barry Schwartz, Queuing and Waiting: Studies in the Social Organization of Access and Delay (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975), p. 99.
19. Mintel, Customer Care in Retailing – UK (London: Mintel, 2001).
20. Michael Portillo, ‘The Conservative agenda’ (speech to North-East Fife Conservative Association in Freuchie, 22 April 1994), in George Gardiner (ed.), Clear Blue Water: A Compendium of Speeches and Interviews given by the Rt Hon Michael Portillo MP (London: Conservative Way Forward, 1994), p. 38.
21. Shyama Perera, ‘Queuing’, in British Greats (London: Cassell, 2000), p. 186.
22. Professor Cary Cooper, quoted in Jo Revill, ‘Queue the Irritation’, Observer, 26 October 2003; see also David Stewart-David, The Stressful Queue (Newcastle: Newcastle Business School, 2003).
6. Dining al desko
1. Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life, trans. Steven Rendall (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984), p. 108.
2. ‘Graphic of the week: food for thought’, Guardian, 28 January 2006.
3. Arnold Palmer, Movable Feasts: A Reconnaissance of the Origins and Consequences of Fluctuations in Meal-Times with Special Attention to the Introduction of Luncheon and Afternoon Tea (Oxford: Oxford University Press, [1952] 1984), pp. 150–1.
4. Harry Hopkins, The New Look: A Social History of the Forties and Fifties in Britain (London: Secker and Warburg, 1963), p. 153.
5. Advert in The Times, 22 November 1962.
6. Steve Humphries and John Taylor, The Making of Modern London, 1945–1985 (London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1986), p. 71.
7. Robert Bell, ‘Luncheon vouchers’, The Times, 15 August 1960.
8. Cited in Connie Robertson (ed.), Wordsworth Dictionary of Quotations (Ware: Wordsworth, 1998), p. 251.
9. H. D. Renner, The Origin of Food Habits (London: Faber and Faber, 1944), pp. 223–4.
10. Reader’s Digest, Yesterday’s Britain: The Illustrated Story of How We Lived, Worked and Played (London: Reader’s Digest Association, 1998), p. 252.
11. Quoted in Godfrey Smith, ‘It’s not high noon for lunch’, Sunday Times Magazine, 17 July 2005.
12. Michael Bracewell, Perfect Tense (London: Jonathan Cape, 2001), pp. 125, 127.
13. Paul Nathanson, ‘Small business: butties come by runner’, Financial Times, 1 March 1985.
14. Richard Boston, Beer and Skittles (London: Collins, 1976), p. 144.
15. Ralph T. King Jr, ‘Sub standard: these sandwich makers aren’t seen as heroes’, Wall Street Journal, 14 May 1997.
16. Judi Bevan, The Rise and Fall of Marks & Spencer (London: Profile, 2001), p. 118.
17. Hopkins, The New Look, p. 314.
18. Bevan, The Rise and Fall of Marks & Spencer, pp. 119–20.
19. Janette Marshall, ‘A day in the life of a sandwich in a million’, Independent, 8 June 1991.
20. Mandy Rowbotham, ‘And so to bread – eating in or taking out, the sandwich is big business’, Guardian, 14 July 1990.
21. Keith Waterhouse, The Theory and Practice of Lunch (London: Michael Joseph, 1986), pp. 99, 4.
22. Mintel, Sandwiches – UK – October 2005 (London: Mintel, 2005).
23. YouGov poll, March 2005, available at http://www.benjys-sandwiches.com (accessed on 3 March 2006).
24. Tony May, ‘Using a down-market carat to beat recession’, Guardian, 23 April 1991.
25. Dominic Fifield, ‘Who ate all the prawns?’, Guardian, 10 November 2000.
26. Barry Schwartz, The Paradox of Choice: Why More is Less (New York: Harper Perennial, 2005), pp. 77–9, 225–6.
27. Marshall, ‘A day in the life of a sandwich in a million’.
7. The dread of the inbox
1. Quoted in Ben Highmore, ‘Questioning Everyday Life’, in Highmore (ed.), The Everyday Life Reader (London: Routledge, 2002), p. 21.
2. The eHealth Traffic Accountant (New York: Concord Business Service Management, 2005), p. 8.
3. Daniel Pool, What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew: Fascinating Facts of Daily Life in the Nineteenth Century (London: Robinson, 1998), pp. 129–130.
4. Frank Kermode and Anita Kermode, ‘Introduction’, in Frank Kermode and Anita Kermode (eds), The Oxford Book of Letters (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. xx.
5. Victorian, ‘Your obedient servant’, The Times, 9 January 1930.
6. Another Victorian, ‘After compliments’, The Times, 16 January 1930.
7. Neil A. Parker, ‘Faithfully whose?’, The Times, 19 December 1968.
8. Alan S. C. Ross, ‘U and non-U: an essay in sociological linguistics’, in Nancy Mitford (ed.), Noblesse Oblige (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1956), p. 18.
9. Nancy Mitford, ‘The English Aristocracy’, in Mitford (ed.), Noblesse Oblige, p. 43.
10. J. P. W. Mallalieu, ‘Forms of address’, The Times, 24 August 1962.
11. Chris Partridge, ‘Electronic mail delivers late’, The Times, 23 April 1991.
12. S. G. Price, Introducing the Electronic Office (Manchester: National Computing Centre, 1979), p. 45.
13. Ken Young, ‘Passing on the message faster’, The Times, 24 October 1988.
14. ‘Electronic mail can send character based messages’, Guardian, 14 March 1988.
15. Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), p. 188.
16. ‘The usage of electronic mail is rapidly increasing’, Economist, 8 March 1987, p. 75.
17. ‘Electronic mail can send character based messages’.
18. Simeon J. Yates, ‘Computer-mediated communication: the future of the letter?’, in David Barton and Nigel Hall (eds), Letter Writing as a Social Practice (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2000), p. 243.
19. Guy Kawasaki, The Guy Kawasaki Computer Curmudgeon (Carmel, IN: Hayden Books, 1992), cited in David Angell and Brett Heslop, Elements of E-mail Style: Communicate Effectively via Electronic Mail (Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1992), p. 3.
20. David A. Owens, Margaret A. Neale and Robert I. Sutton, ‘Technologies of status management: status dynamics in e-mail communications’, in M. A. Neale, E. A. Mannix and T. L. Griffith (eds), Research on Groups and Teams, Volume 3: Technology (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 2000), pp. 205–30. See also Bruce Headlam, ‘How to e-mail like a CEO’, New York Times, 8 April 2001.
21. David Crystal, Language and the Internet (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 122–4.
22. Mitford, ‘The English Aristocracy’, p. 42.
23. Ann Barr and Peter York, The Official Sloane Ranger Handbook: The First Guide to What Really Matters in Life (London: Ebury, 1982), pp. 54–5.
24. See John Morgan, Debrett’s New Guide to Etiquette and Modern Manners (London: Headline, 1996), pp. 175–6.
25. David Hewson, ‘Why e-mail is now the new first-class post’, Sunday Times, 30 March 2003.
26. Richard Tyrell, ‘The internet is not all listed buildings’, The Times, 2 March 1999.
27. Barry Collins, ‘E-mail trouble’, Sunday Times, 18 February 2001.
28. Joel Best, Damned Lies and Statistics: Untangling Numbers from the Media, Politicians, and Activists (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001), p. 13.
29. Nic Paton, ‘The solution to inbox overload’, Daily Telegraph, 5 September 2002.
30. Max Nathan with Judith Doyle, The State of the Office: The Politics and Geography of Working Space (London: The Work Foundation, 2002), p. 25.
31. ‘E-mails prove unfit’, Sunday Express, 16 October 2005; see also ‘Physical perks’, The Times, 31 October 2005.
32. Paton, ‘The solution to inbox overload’.
33. ‘Computer horizons: at home with the cabinet secrets’, The Times, 14 January 1986.
34. Abigail J. Sellen and Richard H. R. Harper, The Myth of the Paperless Office (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002), pp. 13–14.
35. C. Northcote Parkinson, Parkinson’s Law: Or, the Pursuit of Progress (Harmondsworth: Penguin, [1957] 1986), p. 14.
36. Kermode and Kermode, ‘Introduction’, p. xxiii.
37. Tom Phillips, The Postcard Century: 2000 Cards and Their Messages (London: Thames and Hudson, 2000).
8. Puffing al fresco
1. Mignon McLaughlin, The Second Neurotic’s Notebook (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1966).
2. ‘Smoke abatement’, The Times, 21 January 1952.
3. Matthew Hilton, Smoking in British Popular Culture, 1800–2000: Perfect Pleasures (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000), p. 52.
4. Jack Simmons and Gordon Biddle (eds), Oxford Companion to British Railway History: From 1603 to the 1990s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 454–5.
5. Hilton, Smoking in British Popular Culture, p. 28.
6. Virginia Berridge, ‘Passive smoking and its prehistory in Britain’, Social Science and Medicine, 49:9 (November 1999), p. 1,185. See also Hilton, Smoking in British Popular Culture, p. 76.
7. ‘Smokers, non-smokers and the rest’, The Times, 1 November 1938.
8. Charles Madge and Tom Harrisson (eds), First Year’s Work 1937–38 by Mass-Observation (London: Lindsay Drummond, 1938), pp. 12–14.
9. Hilton, Smoking in British Popular Culture, p. 124.
10. Harry Hopkins, The New Look: A Social History of the Forties and Fifties in Britain (London: Secker and Warburg, 1963), p. 42.
11. Edward Lyttleton, ‘Non-smoking carriages’, The Times, 24 March 1941.
12. Simmons and Biddle, Oxford Companion to British Railway History, p. 455.
13. ‘Most young men “prefer the sack to a haircut”’, Daily Mirror, 28 April 1969.
14. Sean Gabb, Smoking and its Enemies: A Short History of 500 Years of the Use and Prohibition of Tobacco (London: Forest, 1990), p. 2.
15. Jill Sherman, ‘Passive smoking “can be an industrial accident”’, The Times, 30 August 1990.
16. Francis Elliott and Abigail Townsend, ‘Reid in secret talks on smoking ban’, Independent on Sunday, 11 July 2004.
17. ‘New York’s defiant band of nicotine addicts’, Financial Times, 9 April 1988.
18. Peter H. King, ‘What have we been smoking?’, Los Angeles Times, 23 October 1994.
19. Naush Boghossian, ‘Anti-smoking area extended’, Los Angeles Daily News, 3 January 2004.
20. Rachelle Thackray, ‘No smoke without gossip’, Independent, 10 June 1998.
21. Alison Maitland, ‘When workers have to take to the streets’, Financial Times, 7 July 1998.
22. Smoke-free Premises and Vehicles: Consultation on Proposed Regulations (London: Department of Health, 2006), p. 29; Philip Webster, ‘Move to ban smoking from office doorways’, The Times, 21 June 2006.
23. Advertisement for smoking shelter at http://www.nobutts.co.uk (accessed on 3 December 2005).
24. Madge and Harrisson, First Year’s Work, p. 22.
25. Tom Harrisson, Britain Revisited (London: Victor Gollancz, 1961), pp. 196–7.
26. Mass-Observation report on ‘Man and his cigarette’ (1949), quoted in Hilton, Smoking in British Popular Culture, p. 125.
27. Harrisson, Britain Revisited, p. 199.
28. Richard Klein, Cigarettes are Sublime (London: Picador, 1995), p. 26.
29. Klein, Cigarettes are Sublime, p. 31.
30. Klein, Cigarettes are Sublime, p. 105.
31. Quoted in Hilton, Smoking in British Popular Culture, p. 129.
9. Any other business?
1. Marcel Proust, Remembrance of Things Past, Volume Three: The Captive, trans. C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin and Andreas Mayor (London: Chatto and Windus, [1927] 1981), p. 37.
2. William H. Whyte, The Organization Man (London: Jonathan Cape, 1957), p. 55.
3. Bertram W. Strauss and Frances Strauss, New Ways to Better Meetings (London: Tavistock, 1966), pp. vii, 3.
4. Strauss and Strauss, New Ways to Better Meetings, pp. 75, 8, 10–14.
5. B. Y. Augur, How to Run Better Business Meetings: A Businessman’s Guide to Meetings that Get Things Done (St Paul, MN: Business Services Press, 1966), p. 7.
6. Whyte, The Organization Man, p. 47.
7. Whyte, The Organization Man, p. 55.
8. William H. Whyte, ‘Group think’, Fortune (March 1952), pp. 114–17, 145–6.
9. Strauss and Strauss, New Ways to Better Meetings, p. 51.
10. Strauss and Strauss, New Ways to Better Meetings, p. 59.
11. Alex F. Osborn, Applied Imagination: Principles and Procedures of Creative Problem-Solving, 3rd edn (New York: Charles Scribners, 1963), pp. 151–96.
12. ‘“Brainstorming” as a fount of business ideas’, The Times, 10 March 1959.
13. Kenneth Owen, ‘IBM: a way of life with its own culture’, The Times, 11 November 1974.
14. John Mole, Mind Your Manners: Culture Clash in the European Single Market (London: The Industrial Society, 1990), p. 101.
15. C. Northcote Parkinson, Parkinson’s Law: Or, the Pursuit of Progress (Harmondsworth: Penguin, [1957] 1986), p. 40.
16. John Algeo (ed.), Fifty Years Among the New Words: A Dictionary of Neologisms (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 169.
17. Walter Citrine, The ABC of Chairmanship: All About Meetings and Conferences (London: Co-operative Printing Society Ltd, [1939] 1948).
18. Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman, Jr, In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companies (New York: Harper and Row 1982), p. 77.
19. John R. Weeks, Unpopular Culture: The Ritual of Complaint in a British Bank (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), p. 3.
20. Lynn Oppenheim, Making Meetings Matter: A Report to the 3M Corporation (Philadelphia, PA: Wharton Center for Applied Research, 1987), p. 2.
21. The 3M Meeting Management Team with Jeannine Drew, Mastering Meetings: Discovering the Hidden Potential of Effective Business Meetings (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994), p. 171.
22. Weeks, Unpopular Culture, pp. 14–15.
23. The 3M Meeting Management Team, How to Run Better Business Meetings: A Reference Guide for Managers (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987), p. vii.
24. Jack Schofield, ‘The graphic new business’, Guardian, 25 August 1988.
25. Francis Green, David Ashton, Brendan Burchell, Bryn Davies and Alan Felstead, ‘Are British workers getting more skilled?’, in A. B. Atkinson and John Hills (eds), Exclusion, Employment and Opportunity (London: London School of Economics, 1998), p. 118.
26. Edward Tufte, The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint (Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press, 2003), p. 24.
27. Harry G. Frankfurt, ‘On bullshit’, in The Importance of What We Care About: Philosophical Essays (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 132–3.
28. 3M, Mastering Meetings, p. 14.
29. 3M, Mastering Meetings, pp. 195, 6.
30. 3M, Mastering Meetings, p. 198.
31. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, in Marx and Engels: Selected Works (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1968), p. 38.
32. Helen B. Schwartzman, The Meeting: Gatherings in Organizations and Communities (New York: Plenum Press, 1989), pp. 44, 4, 42.
33. Maurice Bloch, ‘Decision-making in councils among the Merina of Madagascar’, in Audrey Richards and Adam Kuper (eds), Councils in Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971), pp. 47–51.
34. Schwartzman, The Meeting, pp. 13–45.
35. Joy Hendry, Wrapping Culture: Politeness, Presentation and Power in Japan and Other Societies (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), p. 144; Deborah Tannen, Talking from 9 to 5: How Women’s and Men’s Conversational Styles Affect Who Gets Heard, Who Gets Credit, and What Gets Done at Work (London: Virago, 1995), p. 305.
36. Charlotte Baker, quoted in Tannen, Talking from 9 to 5, p. 279.
10. The ministry of sensible walks
1. Siegfried Kracauer, The Salaried Masses: Duty and Distraction in Weimar Germany, trans. Quintin Hoare (London: Verso, 1998), p. 29.
2. ‘Pedestrian rights’, The Times, 20 July 1937.
3. Peter Thorold, The Motoring Age: The Automobile and Britain 1896–1939 (London: Profile, 2003), p. 206.
4. ‘Worst week on record for road deaths’, Daily Telegraph, 4 January 1935.
5. ‘A mile of pedestrian barriers’, The Times, 28 May 1936.
6. ‘How not to cross the road’, The Times, 9 October 1936.
7. George Charlesworth, A History of the Transport and Road Research Laboratory 1933–1983 (Aldershot: Avebury, 1987), pp. 104–6.
8. Charlesworth, A History of the Transport and Road Research Laboratory, p. 108.
9. ‘Contribution to brief for debate on private member’s motion: pedestrian crossings’, January 1964, National Archives, MT 112/167.
10. ‘News in brief’, The Times, 3 November 1951.
11. Ministry of Transport, The Highway Code, 4th edn (London: HMSO, 1954), p. 5.
12. Department of the Environment, Pedestrian Safety (London: HMSO, 1973), p. 21.
13. Footage on the BBC ‘On this day’ website at http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday (accessed on 5 July 2006).
14. ‘Does a faulty panda become a zebra?’, The Times, 18 May 1962.
15. Letters in The Times, 10 September 1962.
16. Martin Wainwright, ‘Zebras get the hump’, Guardian, 19 August 1986.
17. See Otto Neurath, International Picture Language (London: Kegan Paul, 1936); and Nancy Cartwright, Jordi Cat, Lola Fleck and Thomas E. Uebel, Otto Neurath: Philosophy between Science and Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 85.
18. Pelican Crossing – Pedestrians – Cast of ‘Dad’s Army’ (Central Office of Information, 1974).
19. Pelican Crossing Song – Paul Greenwood (Central Office of Information, 1976).
20. Colin Buchanan, speech on ‘Building and planning in the motor age’ at the RIBA conference in Coventry, 11 July 1962, quoted in ‘Britain needs the “Traffic Architect”’, The Times, 12 July 1962.
21. Ministry of Transport, Traffic in Towns: A Study of the Long-Term Problems of Traffic in Urban Areas (London: HMSO, 1963).
22. Buchanan quoted in ‘Shoppers repudiate Buchanan theory’, The Times, 21 September 1966.
23. Bob Stanley, ‘Taking a walk in the clouds’, The Times, 24 August 2004; see also David Heathcote, Barbican: Penthouse Over the City (London: Wiley-Academy, 2004), p. 71.
24. Robert Davis, Death on the Streets: Cars and the Mythology of Road Safety (Hawes: Leading Edge, 1993), p. 200.
25. Quoted in Nick Tiratsoo, ‘The reconstruction of blitzed British cities, 1945–55: myths and reality’, Contemporary British History, 14:1 (Spring 2000), pp. 36–7.
26. Gehl Architects, Towards a Fine City for People: Public Spaces and Public Life – London, June 2004 (London: Central London Partnership, 2004), pp. 32–5.
27. Paul Eastam, ‘The ministry of silly walks?’, Daily Mail, 4 September 1999; Boris Johnson, ‘Face it: it’s all your own fat fault’, Daily Telegraph, 27 May 2004.
28. Sean O’Connell, The Car in British Society: Class, Gender and Motoring 1896–1939 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998), pp. 119–20.
29. Jake Desyllas, ‘The cost of bad street design’, in Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment, The Cost of Bad Design (London: CABE, 2006), pp. 40–41.
30. Office for National Statistics, Social Trends no. 36 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), p. 186.
31. Desyllas, ‘The cost of bad street design’, pp. 35–6; see also Gehl Architects, Towards a Fine City for People, pp. 42–3.
11. Not just here for the beer
1. Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway (London: Penguin, [1925] 1996), p. 55.
2. ‘If you want to get ahead’, Credit Management, October 2003, p. 12. See also Edward Stringham and Bethany L. Peters, ‘No booze? You may lose: why drinkers earn more money than non-drinkers’, Journal of Labor Research, 27:3 (Summer 2006), pp. 411–21, for a US study with similar findings.
3. Mass-Observation, The Pub and the People: A Worktown Study (London: Cresset, [1943] 1987), p. 252.
4. Tom Harrisson, Britain Revisited (London: Victor Gollancz, 1961), p. 194 (italics in the original).
5. Anthony Sampson, Anatomy of Britain (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1962), p. 576.
6. ‘Pleasing all palates’, The Times, 29 April 1958.
7. Roger Protz, Pulling a Fast One: What Your Brewers Have Done to Your Beer (London: Pluto Press, 1978), p. 50.
8. Protz, Pulling a Fast One, p. 51.
9. Pete Brown, Man Walks into a Pub: A Sociable History of Beer (London: Macmillan, 2003), p. 285; Martyn Cornell, Beer: The Story of the Pint: The History of Britain’s Most Popular Drink (London: Headline, 2003), p. 219.
10. J.Y., ‘Marketing approach to keg puts cart before horse’, The Times, 26 April 1971.
11. George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier (Harmondsworth: Penguin, [1937] 1989), p. 66.
12. George Orwell, ‘The Moon Under Water’, in Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus (eds), The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, Volume 3: As I Please 1943–1945 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970), p. 63.
13. Brown, Man Walks into a Pub, p. 335.
14. Protz, Pulling a Fast One, p. 12.
15. Protz, Pulling a Fast One, p. 14.
16. Mass-Observation, The Pub and the People, p. 218.
17. Maurice Gorham, Back to the Local (London: Percival Marshall, 1949), p. 85.
18. Harrisson, Britain Revisited, p. 183.
19. Ben Davis, The Traditional English Pub: A Way of Drinking (London: Architectural Press, 1981), p. 62.
20. Peter Martin, ‘Eat, drink and be merry’, Observer, 25 May 1997.
21. Richard Hoggart, Townscape with Figures: Farnham, Portrait of an English Town (London: Chatto and Windus, 1994), p. 49.
22. Ray Oldenburg, The Great Good Place: Cafés, Coffee Shops, Community Centers, Beauty Parlors, General Stores, Bars, Hangouts and How They Get You Through the Day (New York: Paragon House, 1989), p. xi.
23. Christian Mikunda, Brand Lands, Hot Spots and Cool Spaces: Welcome to the Third Place and the Total Marketing Experience (London: Kogan Page, 2004), p. 5. See also Markman Ellis, The Coffee House: A Cultural History (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2004), p. 256.
24. Peter Millar, ‘Where women may safely graze and swallow’, Financial Times, 7 August 1999. See also Brown, Man Walks into a Pub, pp. 350–51.
25. Mass-Observation, The Pub and the People, p. 185. See also Brown, Man Walks into a Pub, pp. 306, 308, 326 for the use of bottles.
26. Matthew Engel, ‘The lonely death of the British ale’, Guardian, 29 June 1999.
27. Harrisson, Britain Revisited, p. 174.
28. Mass-Observation, The Pub and the People, pp. 304–6.
29. Mass-Observation, The Pub and the People, pp. 169–70.
30. Mass-Observation, The Pub and the People, pp. 176–80.
31. Marie Woolf, ‘No 10 unit blames vertical drinking’, Independent, 8 September 2003.
32. Royal Commission on Licensing (England and Wales) 1929–31 (London: HMSO, 1932), pp. 45–8.
12. Your dinner is ready
1. Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000), pp. 100–101.
2. Joanna Blythman, Bad Food Britain: How a Nation Ruined Its Appetite (London: Fourth Estate, 2006), p. xv.
3. Mary Douglas, ‘Deciphering a meal’, in Implicit Meanings: Essays in Anthropology (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975), p. 250.
4. Mary Douglas and Michael Nicod, ‘Taking the biscuit: the structure of British meals’, New Society, 19 December 1974, p. 744.
5. Official Gazette, US Patent Office, 27 July 1954, quoted in the Oxford English Dictionary entry for ‘TV dinner’.
6. Virginia Barnstorff, ‘Swanson’, in Janice Jorgensen (ed.), Encyclopedia of Brands, Volume 1: Consumable Products (Detroit: St James Press, 1994), p. 572.
7. Harvey Levenstein, Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 289.
8. Miriam Akhtar and Steve Humphries, The Fifties and Sixties: A Lifestyle Revolution (London: Boxtree, 2001), p. 104.
9. Christina Hardyment, Slice of Life: The British Way of Eating Since 1945 (London: BBC Books, 1995), p. 52.
10. Akhtar and Humphries, The Fifties and Sixties, p. 104.
11. Torin Douglas, ‘Fingers point to frozen assets’, The Times, 2 September 1985.
12. Douglas, ‘Fingers point to frozen assets’.
13. Kathy Myers, Understains: The Sense and Seduction of Advertising (London: Comedia, 1986), p. 45.
14. Nick Clarke, The Shadow of a Nation: How Celebrity Destroyed Britain (London: Phoenix, 2004), p. 167.
15. Quoted in Artemis Cooper, Writing at the Kitchen Table: The Authorized Biography of Elizabeth David (London: Penguin, 2000), p. 192.
16. Elizabeth David, Summer Cooking (Harmondsworth: Penguin, [1955] 1965), p. 8.
17. Barry Norman, ‘Norman Swallow of the BBC’, The Times, 5 February 1972.
18. Torin Douglas, ‘Taking a bird’s eye view of marketing success with frozen foods’, The Times, 12 April 1983.
19. Derek Harris, ‘Pizza, English-style, lifts frozen foods’, The Times, 17 January 1983.
20. Quoted in Alan Davidson, The Penguin Companion to Food (London: Penguin, 2002), p. 200.
21. Peter York and Charles Jennings, Peter York’s Eighties (London: BBC Books, 1995), p. 65.
22. Derek Harris, ‘Christmas boom for microwave cookers’, The Times, 20 December 1984.
23. Ann Kent, ‘Can common sense rule the microwave?’, The Times, 15 November 1990.
24. James Erlichman, ‘Instant cachet from the sachet’, Guardian, 26 September 1987.
25. Hardyment, Slice of Life, p. 190.
26. David Nicholson-Lord, ‘Kinnock confuses the kids’, The Times, 22 June 1988.
27. Judi Bevan, The Rise and Fall of Marks & Spencer (London: Profile, 2001), p. 138.
28. See Richard W. Lacey, Hard to Swallow: A Brief History of Food (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 120.
29. Joanna Blythman, ‘Mad, bad and dangerous to swallow’, Independent, 23 March 1991.
30. Jancis Robinson, ‘The cool-chain-single-source-M&S-recipe- dish test’, The Times, 6 October 1985.
31. Angela Lambert, ‘Are you lonesome tonight?’, Independent, 19 October 1995.
32. Datamonitor, Mealtime Behaviours and Occasions 2004: A Complete Review of Eating Habits and Needs (London: Datamonitor, 2004), p. 36.
33. Jim Ainsworth, ‘We’ll eat again’, Observer, 31 October 1999.
34. Douglas, ‘Deciphering a meal’, p. 255.
13. Behind the sofa
1. Margaret Visser, Much Depends on Dinner: The Extraordinary History and Mythology, Allure and Obsessions, Perils and Taboos, of an Ordinary Meal (New York: Grove Press, 1986), p. 11.
2. William Cowper, The Task and Selected Other Poems, ed. James Sandbrook (London: Longman, 1994), pp. 57–8.
3. John Gloag, The Englishman’s Chair: The Origins, Design, and Social History of Seat Furniture in England (London: Allen and Unwin, 1964), p. 179.
4. Lucy Siegle, ‘Urban sprawl’, Observer, 12 March 2006.
5. Oxford English Dictionary entry for ‘sofa’.
6. Richard Hoggart, The Uses of Literacy (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1958), p. 68.
7. Juliet Gardiner, From the Bomb to the Beatles: The Changing Face of Post-War Britain (London: Collins and Brown, 1999), p. 92.
8. ‘Credits for everyman’, The Times, 23 September 1954.
9. Joanna Banham (ed.), Encyclopedia of Interior Design, Volume 2 (London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997), p. 1,287.
10. Kenneth L. Ames, Death in the Dining Room and Other Tales of Victorian Culture (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992), p. 191.
11. Rod Gerber, Training for a Smart Workforce (London: Routledge, 2000), p. 61.
12. Max Nathan, ‘You burnt your bra, now it’s time to chuck out the chintz’, Observer, 22 September 1996.
13. Anthony Trollope, Barchester Towers (Oxford: Oxford University Press, [1857] 1980), p. 34.
14. Quoted in the Oxford English Dictionary entry for ‘chintz’.
15. Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report of a Committee of Privy Counsellors (London: Stationery Office, 2004), p. 162.
16. Anthony Trollope, Can You Forgive Her? (London: Oxford University Press, [1865] 1972), pp. 13–14.
17. Daniel Pool, What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew: Fascinating Facts of Daily Life in the Nineteenth Century (London: Robinson, 1998), p. 177.
18. Banham (ed.), Encyclopedia of Interior Design, p. 1,194.
19. Pool, What Jane Austen Ate, p. 177.
20. Ames, Death in the Dining Room, pp. 216–31.
21. ‘Don’t neglect your body’, Daily Mirror, 27 April 1944.
22. Galen Cranz, The Chair: Rethinking Culture, Body, and Design (New York: Norton, 1998), p. 112.
23. ‘Hopes of more rate cuts recede’, Independent on Sunday, 21 August 2005.
24. See Laura Smith, ‘Ikea blamed for pandemonium as 6000 turn up for bargains’, Guardian, 11 February 2005; and Craig Brown, ‘My kingdom for a sofa’, Daily Telegraph, 12 February 2005.
25. Asa Briggs, Victorian Things (London: Penguin, 1990), p. 15.
26. Briggs, Victorian Things, p. 15.
14. Please do not adjust your set
1. Maurice Blanchot, ‘Everyday speech’, Yale French Studies, 73 (1987), p. 14.
2. Peter Lewis, The Fifties: Portrait of an Age (London: Heinemann, 1978), p. 208.
3. Reader’s Digest, Yesterday’s Britain: The Illustrated Story of How We Lived, Worked and Played (London: Reader’s Digest Association, 1998), p. 212.
4. Television schedules in The Times, 15–22 September 1955.
5. Tony Currie, A Concise History of British Television 1930–2000 (Tiverton: Kelly Publications, 2000), p. 36.
6. Reader’s Digest, Yesterday’s Britain, p. 213.
7. ‘Advertising quota on television cut’, The Times, 17 May 1960.
8. Asa Briggs, The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Volume IV: Sound and Vision 1945–1955 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 912.
9. Milton Shulman, ‘Television breaks’, The Times, 3 March 1959.
10. ‘Attitudes to advertising revealed’, The Times, 13 June 1967.
11. Peter Black, The Mirror in the Corner: People’s Television (London: Hutchinson, 1972), p. 170.
12. Alexander Garrett, ‘Midlife crisis for the TV ad’, Observer, 17 September 1995.
13. Martin Lambie-Nairn, Brand Identity for Television: With Knobs On (London: Phaidon, 1997), p. 93.
14. Briggs, The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Volume IV, p. 223.
15. Tim O’Sullivan, ‘Television memories and cultures of viewing, 1950–65’, in John Corner (ed.), Popular Television in Britain: Studies in Cultural History (London: BFI, 1991), p. 167.
16. Peter Conrad, Television: The Medium and its Manners (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982), p. 18.
17. Harry Hopkins, The New Look: A Social History of the Forties and Fifties in Britain (London: Secker and Warburg, 1963), p. 420.
18. Hopkins, The New Look, pp. 403–4; O’Sullivan, ‘Television memories and cultures of viewing’, p. 168.
19. Doris Lessing, Walking in the Shade: Volume Two of My Autobiography, 1949–1962 (London: HarperCollins, 1997), p. 16, quoted in Dominic Sandbrook, Never Had It So Good: A History of Britain from Suez to the Beatles (London: Little, Brown, 2005), p. 367.
20. Hopkins, The New Look, p. 403.
21. Tom Harrisson, Britain Revisited (London: Victor Gollancz, 1961), pp. 204–5, 207–8.
22. ‘Close view of the average viewer’, The Times, 3 September 1964.
23. Asa Briggs, The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Volume V: Competition 1955–1974 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 158.
24. Sean Day-Lewis, TV Heaven: A Review of British Television from the 1930s to the 1990s (London: Channel 4 Television, 1992), p. 22.
25. Patrick Skene Catling in the Spectator, 13 February 1971, quoted in Briggs, History of Broadcasting, Volume V, p. 848.
26. ‘The colour fanfarade’, Observer, 16 November 1969, quoted in Briggs, History of Broadcasting, Volume V, p. 863.
27. Briggs, History of Broadcasting, Volume V, p. 848.
28. Currie, A Concise History of British Television, pp. 70–6.
29. Jane Root, Open the Box (London: Comedia, 1986), p. 26.
30. ‘Broadcast reviews the various aspects of the BFI’s One Day in the Life of Television experiment’, Broadcast, 25 November 1988, p. 21.
31. Sean Day-Lewis, One Day in the Life of Television (London: Grafton/BFI, 1989), p. xiv.
32. Day-Lewis, One Day in the Life of Television, pp. 394–7.
33. See Mike Michael, Reconnecting Culture, Technology and Nature: From Society to Heterogeneity (London: Routledge, 2000), p. 101; James Gleick, Faster: The Acceleration of Just About Everything (London: Little, Brown, 1999), p. 182.
34. David Morley, Television, Audiences and Cultural Studies (London: Routledge, 1992), p. 147.
35. Morley, Television, Audiences and Cultural Studies, p. 147; David Gauntlett and Annette Hill, TV Living: Television, Culture and Everyday Life (London: Routledge, 1999), p. 241.
36. Gleick, Faster, p. 184.
37. Lambie-Nairn, Brand Identity for Television, p. 97.
38. Stephen Armstrong, ‘Your number’s up’, Sunday Times, 11 November 2001.
39. Lambie-Nairn, Brand Identity for Television, pp. 122, 129.
40. George Orwell, 1984 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, [1949] 1989), p. 5.
41. ‘Obituary: Robert Dougall’, The Times, 20 December 1999.
42. Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations and States (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970), pp. 4–16.
15. Watching the weather
1. Karel Kosík, Dialectics of the Concrete: A Study on Problems of Man and World, trans. Karel Kovana with James Schmidt (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1976), p. 44.
2. Three-Minute Culture, BBC2, 15 January 1989.
3. Asa Briggs, The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Volume III: The War of Words (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 700.
4. Owen Gibson, ‘Weather alert: hi-tech front moves in on the BBC’, Guardian, 14 May 2005.
5. Sarah Stoddart, ‘Accent on the voice’, The Times, 2 November 1972.
6. Ross McKibbin, Classes and Cultures: England, 1918– 1951 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 461.
7. McKibbin, Classes and Cultures, p. 460.
8. Harry Hopkins, The New Look: A Social History of the Forties and Fifties in Britain (London: Secker and Warburg, 1963), p. 15.
9. Asa Briggs, The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Volume V: Competition 1955–1974 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 71.
10. Asa Briggs, The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Volume IV: Sound and Vision 1945–1955 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 544.
11. Mary Malone, ‘The weather’s always sunny in East Anglia’, Daily Mirror, 9 March 1968.
12. Bert Foord, ‘BBC television weather forecasts, 1963– 74’, Weather, 49:11 (November 1994), pp. 390–2.
13. Jack Scott, ‘Reminiscences of the history of national television weather forecasts, 1969–88’, Weather, 49:12 (December 1994), p. 422.
14. Ben Thompson, ‘Long runners no. 22: This Morning’, Independent on Sunday, 13 March 1994.
15. Robert Henson, Television Weathercasting: A History (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 1990), p. 8.
16. Mark S. Monmonier, Air Apparent: How Meteorologists Learned to Map, Predict, and Dramatize Weather (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), pp. 179–80.
17. Henson, Television Weathercasting, p. 37.
18. Foord, ‘BBC television weather forecasts’, p. 392.
19. Matthew Engel, ‘Barnstorming ITN blows in with the weather show’, Guardian, 14 February 1989.
20. Julia Llewellyn Smith, ‘Weather girls under a cloud’, The Times, 17 December 1993.
21. ‘Our hearts are in our charts’, Daily Mail, 12 January 1994.
22. Paul Theroux, The Kingdom by the Sea (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984), p. 20.
23. Robert Colls, Identity of England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 208–9.
24. Gibson, ‘Weather alert’.
25. Adam Sherwin, ‘New front opens for tomorrow’s forecast’, The Times, 14 May 2005.
26. Matt Born, ‘Outlook, nauseous’, Daily Mail, 18 May 2005.
27. Hansard (Lords), 24 May 2005, columns 351–2.
28. Adam Sherwin, ‘Scotland gets its day in the sun as BBC straightens weather map’, The Times, 28 May 2005.
29. High Pressure Heroes, 9 May 1992, BBC2.
30. David Hyatt, Kathy Riley and Noel Sederstrom, ‘Recall of television weather reports’, Journalism Quarterly, 55:2 (1978), p. 310.
31. Nicole Martin, ‘Met Office tells forecasters to give clouds a silver lining’, Daily Telegraph, 5 October 2005; Adam Sherwin, ‘Outlook is suddenly brighter’, The Times, 5 October 2005.
32. Ivor Williams, ‘Viewpoint: what is a weather forecast?’, Weather, 59:1 (January 2004), p. 21.
16. At the end of the day
1. Albert Camus, The Fall, trans. Justin O’Brien (Harmondsworth: Penguin, [1956] 1963), p. 7.
2. Norbert Elias, The Civilizing Process, Volume 1: The History of Manners, trans. Edmund Jephcott (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, [1939] 1978), pp. 163–5.
3. ‘The extra half hour’, The Times, 16 December 1943.
4. Mass-Observation, ‘The Tube Dwellers’ (1943), in Angus Calder and Dorothy Sheridan (eds), Speak for Yourself: A Mass-Observation Anthology 1937–49 (London: Jonathan Cape, 1964), pp. 101–7.
5. Tom Harrisson and Charles Madge (eds), War Begins at Home by Mass-Observation (London: Chatto and Windus, 1940), p. 194.
6. ‘The bedroom ceiling’, The Times, 18 December 1944.
7. Michael Connolly, ‘Reading in bed’, The Times, 2 January 1962; P. Gardner-Smith, ‘Reading in bed’, The Times, 3 January 1962; Basil Ward, ‘Reading in bed’, The Times, 4 January 1962.
8. Lawrence Wright, Warm and Snug: The History of the Bed (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962), p. 337.
9. George Mikes, How to be an Alien: A Handbook for Beginners and More Advanced Pupils (Harmondsworth: Penguin, [1946] 1966), p. 29.
10. Denzil Batchelor, ‘In the age of the specialist, a new concept’, The Times, 14 May 1963.
11. ‘Clothes or chilblains’, The Times, 3 December 1956.
12. Wright, Warm and Snug, p. 199.
13. Barbara Cartland, Marriage for Moderns (London: Herbert Jenkins, 1955), pp. 107–8.
14. Wright, Warm and Snug, p. 335.
15. Marie Carmichael Stopes, Sleep (London: Chatto and Windus, 1956), p. 38.
16. ‘Cold feet in the back that chill romances’, Daily Mirror, 12 January 1950.
17. Tony Miles, ‘The bed’, Daily Mirror, 11 October 1955; Eileen Harris, Going to Bed: The Arts and Living (London: HMSO, 1981), p. 62.
18. Robert Louis Stevenson, ‘The land of counterpane’, in A Child’s Garden of Verses (London: David Campbell, [1885] 1992), p. 38; Rupert Brooke, ‘The great lover’, in The Complete Poems of Rupert Brooke (London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1936), p. 133.
19. ‘The 70-hour-a-week wives’, Daily Mirror, 19 September 1966; see also Dominic Sandbrook, White Heat: A History of Britain in the Swinging Sixties (London: Little, Brown, 2006), p. 653.
20. Philip Howard, ‘The shop that changed our lives and turned us on’, The Times, 10 May 2004.
21. Terence Conran, Q and A: A Sort of Autobiography (London: HarperCollins, 2001), p. 75.
22. Slumberdown advert in The Times, 17 September 1970.
23. Conran, Q and A, p. 78.
24. Advert in the Daily Mirror, 1 January 1966.
25. ‘British duvets better than continental quilts’, The Times, 24 January 1973.
26. Slumberdown advert in The Times, 17 September 1970.
27. Slumberdown advert in the Daily Mirror, 14 August 1971.
28. Conran, Q and A, p. 75.
29. Patricia Tisdall, ‘How the average family spends its income’, The Times, 14 November 1970.
30. Nicholas Tomalin, ‘Conspicuous thrift’, in Nicholas Tomalin Reporting (London: André Deutsch, 1975), p. 53.
31. Miles, ‘The bed’.
32. ‘Background to our dreams’, Daily Mirror, 4 August 1959.
33. ‘Television invades the bedroom’, The Times, 15 June 1983.
34. Akiko Busch, Geography of Home: Writings on Where We Live (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999), p. 117.
35. Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, trans. Talcott Parsons (London: Allen and Unwin, [1930] 1970), pp. 157–8.
36. Murray Melbin, Night as Frontier: Colonizing the World After Dark (New York: The Free Press, 1987), pp. 14, 40.
37. A. Roger Ekirch, At Day’s Close: A History of Nighttime (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2005), p. 324.
Afterword: Habits of the heart
1. Georges Perec, Species of Spaces and Other Pieces, ed. and trans. John Sturrock (London: Penguin, 1999), pp. 209–10.
2. Francis Hertzberg, ‘I-Spy with a winning eye’, Guardian, 1 December 1995.
3. Julian Barnes, Letters from London: 1990–1995 (London: Picador, 1995), p. ix.
4. A. H. Halsey, Change in British Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 8.
5. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, trans. George Lawrence (London: Fontana, [1840] 1994), p. 287.
6. Dean Godson, ‘I want to hop on a red bus again’, The Times, 21 July 2005.
7. Dean Godson (ed.), Replacing the Routemaster: How to Undo Ken Livingstone’s Destruction of London’s Best Ever Bus (London: Policy Exchange, 2005).
8. Travis Elborough, The Bus We Loved: London’s Love Affair with the Routemaster (London: Granta, 2005), pp. xii, 171–2.
9. Benedict Brogan and Matt Born, ‘Brown calls the tune’, Daily Mail, 26 January 2006.
10. Peter Schneider, Extreme Mittellage: Eine Reise Durch das Deutsche Nationalgefühl (Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1990), p. 127.
11. Charles Madge and Tom Harrisson, Mass-Observation (London: Frederick Muller, 1937), p. 10.