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Index
Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Abhijnanasakuntalam, 211n22
Abhinavabharati, 339–40
Abhinavagupta, 335, 339, 340n5, 343n14, 345n19, 356
Aboltabol, 97, 241–4. See also Ray, Sukumar
abstract, 32, 273, 336
happiness in, 180
moral ideals and, 37
philosophical ideals, 7
self, 302
things, 118n1
action (karma), 289
adbhuta, 300
addas, 101–2, 113
adhunik songs, 192–3, 254
adirasa, 164
aesthetic(s), 24, 36, 41, 44, 57, 105, 111, 130, 355–7
alankaric (see alankaric aesthetics)
appreciation of natural scenes, 142
of classical Natyasastra, 255
conception of divinity, 55
contemporary, 140
conventional, 30
critics of Tagore, 109
enchantment, 57
hybridity, 108
of ordinariness, 29
search for modern, 77–82
translation of Sanskritic, 61
trend in reflection, 272
agama, 48, 85, 183
Aikatan (orchestra), 110n83, 293
Ain i-Akbari, 137n22
alankaric aesthetics, 226
alankara of vyajastuti, 226–7, 230
All India Radio (AIR), 255
Althusser, 336
amangalbodh/amangalabodh, 111, 293
ami, 201–3, 207–8
Amihara, 202, 206–7
amitraksarchanda, 79
Anandamath, 124, 129
Annadamangal, 71, 227n22
antar/antara (inner), 174
antaryami, 216, 313
Anukramanika, 342
anusilantattva, 136
Ardhakathanaka (‘Half a Tale’), 307n5
arranged marriages, 35, 184, 254, 309
aryastotra, 129–30
ashlila (obscene), 168
Asiatic Society, 113
Asramavasikaparva, 355n42
atita, 85, 183
Atiter Chhabi (Images of the Past), 147
atma (self), 201n15, 207, 304
Atmabilap, 207
Atmacarit, 303–5, 311–12, 319, 332. See also Sastri, Sibnath
autobiography(ies), 5–7, 34–6, 124, 188n1, 196–7, 199, 302, 305–9, 312–14, 332
avatara, 332
Ayub, Abu Sayid, 111–12, 288n11
 
Bakhtin, Mikhail, 28, 91, 154, 174n25, 351n32
‘Banalata Sen’ (poem), 268
Bandyopadhyay, Hemchandra, 283
Bangadarsan, 81
bangal, 83, 240
Bangasamaj, 312
Bangiya Sahitya Parisad (Bengal Literary Society), 113
Bangla bhasa (Bengali language), 50, 52, 54, 124n4
Bangla literature, 40, 102, 184, 200, 272
dissident traditions, 55
history of, 41–5
Islamic culture in, 41, 72–5
modern, 2, 8–9, 33n12, 200, 223, 279–80, 291
print, 76
separation from other languages, 83–8
territorial boundaries of, 49–50
Bangla pronunciation, 52
barahmasa, 161
Basu, Buddhadev, 103, 109, 111
battala literature, 227
Baudelaire, 112, 294–5
bauls, 201
beauty, 164–71, 175, 178–80, 274–5, 278, 289
deity and, 166
Draupadi’s, 166
feminine, 33
Kalidasa and, 170
Kant and, 288
in Meghaduta, 165
physical, 33–4, 165, 167, 171–2, 183
Tagore and, 170
traditional heroines and, 33
Begriffsgeschichte (historical semantics), 17–18, 190
Bengali
aesthetics, 274
babus, 224, 242, 249
communist ideology, 269
culture, 35, 75–6
domesticity, 281n4
economy, 198
enlightenment, 226
films, 251
intellectuals, 224
language, see Bangla
modernity, 266–7
nationalism, 120, 147
privacy, 334
reflection, 226
romantic films, 185
self, 86, 221–2, 230, 244
bhadralok, 74, 85, 99, 239, 263
Bhagavadgita, 52
Bhagavata Purana, 167–8
bhakti, 55
Bharatchandra, 167, 227, 275–8, 283
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 141
Bhattacharya, Pradyumna, 201n15
Bhattacharyya, Harananda, 323–4
Bhattacharyya, Sukanta, 248
bhava, 123, 273
Bhavabhuti, 89
Bhavananda, 129
bibhatsa, 300
Bildungsroman, 29, 34, 172–5, 197
biography, 5, 60, 317
Blumenberg, Hans, 25
bodh, 111n85, 299
Bombay films, 256
Bose, Buddhadev, 294–5
brahmanical
Hinduism, 59n21, 72, 92n63, 212
ritualism, 313
tradition, 59
Brahmo/s, 86, 90n57, 212–13, 312, 321, 329, 331
doctrine, 318, 332
literature, 308
Samaj, 75, 85–6, 310–12
Buddhacarita, 342
Buddhist
compositions, 42
decline in Bengal, 72
tantras, 54–5
Buro Shaliker Ghare Ron, 224
 
Caitanya, 43, 59, 61, 66–7, 72–3
Caitanyacaritamrta, 58–62, 68n28
Calcutta, 102, 279, 281–90, 293
Candi (goddess), 97
Candidas, 43, 65, 67, 69, 99
Candimangal (Mukundaram Chakravarti), 73–4
Candrasekhar, 178
carita/caritra, 304–5
caryapadas, 42, 44, 54
caste, 27, 95
Caurapancasat, 167
Chabod, Federico, 125
Chakrabarty, Biharilal, 283
Chandi slokas, 166
Chatterjee, Partha, 196
Chattopadhyay, Bankimchandra, 26, 33n12, 81, 85, 87, 90, 100, 102, 105, 122–32, 134–7, 139, 142, 145, 164, 167, 170, 175, 178, 184, 192, 234, 266–7, 279–80. See also Vande Mataram
Chattopadhyay, Nripendra Krishna, 103
Chattopadhyay, Saratchandra, 100, 102, 185, 266
Cherry Orchard, 104
childhood, 28–9, 304, 318
child marriage, 316, 327
child widows, 196
Chira-Ami, 213
Chowdhury, Salil, 263–4
Christian/Christians/Christianity, 86, 92, 137, 151–3, 213
CID, 251
‘Cil’ (The Kite), poem, 94
colonial modernity, 194
commentarial function, 340–1
common sense, 25, 304–5
communalism, 87, 139
Communist Party, 101, 104
companionate marriage, 33
conjugality, 304, 309, 315, 317, 323–30
cosmopolitan, 52, 73, 151, 155
culture, Indian, 16, 19, 62, 77
 
daksinatya Brahmins, 310
Danto, Arthur, 348
Dasarupaka (Dhananjaya), 1
Das, Banarasi, 307n5
Das, Jibanananda, 94, 100, 107, 109, 268–70, 273, 294–300
Datta, Aksaykumar, 90
Datta, Satyendranath, 72n34
Datta, Sudhin, 295
De, Bishnu, 94, 295
death, 5, 28, 102, 134, 162, 176, 178, 201–3, 208, 214, 216, 268, 273, 296
democracy, 14–15, 38, 183, 251, 278
Des, 114
deshbhakti, 130
de Tocqueville, Alexis, 3, 16, 286
Devdas, 7
Devganer Martye Agaman, 97
devotion, 55, 118n1, 125–6
Dharmajivan (A Life in Religion), 311
dhvani, 339, 341–3, 345
Dhvanyaloka, 353
disenchantment, 95–7
domesticity, 35, 179, 184, 309, 316–17, 331
Draupadi, 96, 166, 351
Duhsamay (poem), 94
Duranta Asha, 234–5, 245–6
Durga Puja, 128
Durgesnandini, 168, 172
Dutt, Michael Madhusudan, 78–9, 96, 106, 188n1, 207, 224, 283, 331
Dutta, Biharilal, 188n1
Dutta, Satyendranath, 147
Dutta, Sudhindranath, 94
 
Economic Philosophical Manuscripts, 261
Ekei ki Bale Sabhyata, 224
English romantic poetry, 105
eroticism, 163n7, 168, 170, 173, 180
mild, 165
mystical, 44
physical, 33
public, 228, 238
étatization, 16
 
Feuerbach, 262
folk, 103, 161
 
Gadamer, 98
Gangopadhyay, Sunil, 297n15
Gaudiya riti in Sanskrit, 42n4
Gaudiya Vaisnavas, 44, 51, 58–9
Ghare Baire, 222n7
ghataks (marriage brokers), 316
Gitabitan, 164n9
Gitagovinda, 65, 166–7
Gitanjali, 209
God (devata/isvar), 25–6, 180, 308
as antaryami, 313
Hindu belief in, 333
of idolaters, 332
intimacy with, 332–4
Godan, 103
goddess
Annada, 44
Durga, 128, 134
Kali, 126, 134, 277
Manasa, 55, 97
Mother, 140
Shakti, 129, 133
Shri, 133
Gora, 7, 173, 182, 193, 213, 222n7, 240n44, 282n5, 332
gosvamis of Vrndavan, 59n21, 62, 73
Govindadas, 64, 99
Grhadharma, 315, 331
Gupta, Isvarcandra, 78, 227–9
 
Hacking, Ian, 121
Hajar Bachharer Premer Kabita (Love Poems of a Thousand Years), 160
hasa, 52, 228–9
heroines (nayikas), 165, 181, 223, 228, 264
Bankim’s, 173
Kalidasa’s, 267
shringara and, 168
Tagore’s, 172
Hindi films, 50, 146, 251, 256, 263–6, 270
lyrics, 254
Mohammad Rafi and, 252
popular songs in, 155, 255–6
Raj Kapoor and, 260
Hindu metaphysics, 213, 216
Hindu polytheism, 312
Hinduism, 55, 66n27, 85–6
hing ting chhat, 237–8, 240n43
historical anachronism, problem of, 48–9
historicism, 139
humour, 128, 290
Hutom Penchar Naksha, 224, 279
 
Imagined Communities (Benedict Anderson), 118n1
Indian National Congress, 348
individuality, 35, 37, 100, 104, 106–7, 174–5, 184, 189–91, 203, 210, 322, 324
individuation, 16, 183–5, 191, 195
Ingrajstotra (A Hymn to the English), 137, 184, 230
interiority, 7, 175, 183–5, 189, 197, 199, 201, 210, 222n6, 302
internationalism, 155–6
intimacy, 182, 260, 277–8, 281
forms of, 317
vatsalya, 308
Iqbal, Mohammad, 155
Ivanhoe, 103
 
Jagadananda, 51–2, 69
janmantar, 212–14, 216
Jayacandra, 59
Jayadeva, 45, 51–2, 65, 106, 166–8
Jnanadas, 65, 67, 69
Jogajog, 222n7
joint family, 325
jokes, 240
 
Kadi-o-Komal, 209
Kalidasa, 47–8, 52, 89, 103, 106, 142, 144, 165, 169–71, 183, 211n22, 224, 267, 285, 290, 340
Kallol, 101, 106, 109
Kamalakanta, 129, 222–34, 243–4, 246–8, 280. See also Chattopadhyay, Bankimchandra
Kamalakanter Daptar, 128, 228n27
Kantian ethics, 37
Kapalakundala, 170
Kapoor, Raj, 260
Kasiramdas, 43, 62
Katha o Kahini, 105n78, 108
Kathasaritsagara (Ocean of Stories), 103
kavigans, 79, 98
Kavyaprakasa, 67
kavyas, 31n10, 44, 56, 277, 343–4, 350
kerani (office clerk), 291–2
Kerani, Haripada, 292
kinship, 56, 119, 281, 301, 309, 312, 316–17, 330–1, 355
Krishna, 32, 43, 126, 163, 165n12, 168, 308
Krishnakali, 126
Krsnacaritra, 164
Krsnadas Kaviraj, 59–60, 61n23, 68n28
Krttibas, 43, 62
Ksatriyas, 27–8, 30, 351–2
Kshanika, 268
Kumarasambhava, 165–6
 
Lahiri, Ramtanu, 312
Lath, Mukund, 255
laughter
Kamalakanta, 222–34. See also Chattopadhyay, Bankimchandra
of lower orders, 154–5
Left politics, 249
Leviathan, 145
linguistic
change, 75–7, 189n2
economy, 77, 88, 114
newness, 132
world, 50
literature (sahitya), 1–2, 4–5, 8–10, 19–20, 41, 43
Locandas, 59
Locke, John, 137n22, 197
Lok Rahasya, 234
love, concept of, 161–4, 210, 215. See also shringara; Tagore, Rabindranath
emergence of, 36
as individuation, 171–5
languages of, 159–61
romantic, 182–3
in traditional aesthetics, 164–7
 
Macbeth, 138
madhyabitta, 269
Mahabharata (MB), 27, 43, 62, 78, 96, 98, 166, 233, 279, 336
inadequacies of, 351–3
meanings of, 350–1
santa rasa addition of, 338–40
texts, 343–7
Tubb’s analysis, 341–3
vira rasa text, 338
Mahendra, 126, 129–30, 144
Majumdar, Daksinaranjan Mitra, 97
Majumdar, Samares, 282n5
Manasi, 234–5
mandakranta, 79, 72n34
mangalkavyas, 43, 50, 55–8, 71, 97, 98
Mansinha, 71, 73
Manusmrti, 86
marriage(s), 77, 182–3, 185, 301, 316, 325
arranged, 35, 183–4, 254
companionate, 33
romantic, 36
Marxist theory, 15–16, 261–2
Meghaduta (The Cloud Messenger), 48, 165, 171
Meghnadbadh, 78, 224n15, 283n6
Mill, John Stuart, 326
Mir Kasim, nawab of Bengal, 76
modern
aesthetic, 77–82
professionals, 281, 330–1
prose, making of, 88–92
self, 34, 199, 202n16, 314
sense of time, 48
modernity, 2, 16–17, 32, 194
ethical ideals, 6
Indian, 3
new civilization, 22
past as history, 45
saundarya, 273
self-transformation of structures, 3
moral
autonomy of individuals, 37
life, 6, 26–7, 37, 303–4, 307, 332, 336, 350–1, 355
Mother India (Bharatmata), 146, 149n27
Muchiram Guder Jibancharit, 266
Müller, Max, 219
Mukhopadhyay, Bhudev, 50, 73, 92n61, 184, 212n24, 281n4, 315–17, 330
Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, 104
Muslims, 44, 75, 86, 136, 138, 140
 
Nabadwip, 252
Nandy, Ashis, 154
narrative(s)
celebration of ordinary, 31
of modern novels, 32
reading, 347–50
temporality, 135
nationalism, Indian, 11, 13–14, 118, 156
natural science, 199–200
nature, 142–5
Natyasastra (NS), 228–9, 255, 339–40, 346, 356n44
Navyanyaya, 252
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 141, 155, 252, 254, 265, 306n3, 348
Nehru, Motilal, 348
nonsense, 97, 147, 226, 234, 237, 241–4. See also Aboltabol
novels, 5–6, 29, 34, 36
of Bankim, 171–2
formal peculiarities of, 273
of Tagore, 34
 
Olson, Mancur, 121n2
ordinariness, 29–30, 36, 173–5, 183–5
celebration of moral, 30
meaning of, 29
orientalist knowledge, 13, 14–15
 
padavali kirtan, 99
palakirtans, 66, 253
Palasir Yuddha, 283n6
Pali language, 54
pancalis, poets and composers of, 74
Paradise Lost, 79, 224n15
Paricay, 101–2
Parishesh, 203, 207
Parisodh/Shyama (Repayment), 175–8
Parivarik Prabandha, 281n4, 315
Parker, Theodore, 320
Parry, Jonathan, 324
Parvati, 165–6, 170, 174
patriotism, 119, 123–4, 137–8, 140, 148, 151
Bankim and, 145
of disenchantment, 154–7
political
correctness, 12–15
nationalism, 146, 149
study of history, 15–17
theory, 2, 12
Pollock, Sheldon, 5, 9, 47, 81n48, 288n11
post-colonial theory, 20–1
prakrti, 142
Prasannamayi, 310, 318–19, 326–9
pratyabhijna doctrine, 336, 357
prem, 161–4, 167, 176–7, 181
Premchand, 103
premodern literary space, 53–4
print culture, 76–7
private life, 302, 306n3, 314–17, 334
Progressive Writers’ Association, 101
prose
disenchantment and, 95–6
literary, 32
narratives, 32–3
of science, 93
Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, 22
public emotions, 118–19
purusārthas, 5
 
qazi (civil judge), 59
 
Rabindranath and Modernity, 295
Radha, 32, 43, 57, 61, 63–6, 163, 166, 174, 210, 253–4
Rafi, Mohammad, 252
Raghavan, V., 339–40
Raghuvamsa, 89, 285
Raktakarabi, 176, 178–81, 287
Ramayana, 43, 62, 78, 80, 89, 98, 132, 195, 224n15
Ramtanu Lahiri, 312
Rasamanjari, 71
rasas (moods), 9, 46, 51, 57, 61–6, 72, 111, 162–4, 224, 253, 263, 273–4, 300, 339, 351, 357
rasasutra, 335n1, 340n5, 343n14, 345, 346n22
raslila, 252
raudra rasa, 166
Rawls, John 356n46
Ray, Durga Charan, 97
Ray, Dwijendralal, 148
Ray, Sukumar, 8, 97, 147, 226, 234, 241–4
Raygunakar, Bharatcandra, 44, 47, 56, 61, 71–4, 78, 81–2
romance/romantic, 71, 103, 282, 295, 332
films, 36, 185, 253
marriages, 36
Roy, Ram Mohan, 75, 84, 223
rupa, 145, 164–7, 170–2, 181
Russian revolution, 348
 
Sadharan Brahmo Samaj, 311
Sahaj Path, 223n11
Sahityadarpana, 339n3
Saiyad, Abdul Mannan, 295n13
Sakuntala, 89
sandhya bhasa (enigmatic or elusive speech), 55
sankirtan (congregational singing), 68
Sanskrit, 54, 88
cosmopolitanism, 67–8
poetry in, 211
Sanskrit College, 318
Sanskritization, 90–1
santa rasa, 338–41, 347, 354
Santiniketan, 100–1, 284
Sapmocan, 176, 180–2
Sastri, Haraprasad, 54, 77, 89n56, 90–1, 100–1, 105n79, 125, 315, 333
Sastri, Sibnath, 5–6, 303–5, 306n3, 308–9
Atmacarit (see Atmacarit)
autobiography of, 312–14
conjugality and, 323–30
elders and, 317–22
relations of, 330–2
self and intimacy of, 332–4
saundarya (beauty), 170, 273–4, 289, 294
Seely, Clinton, 295n13
segmentary state, 82n49
self, 201, 203, 206–7, 215–16, 220, 304
consciousness, 202, 222n7
critical reflexiveness, 6
determination, 225
idea and ideal of, 3, 220–1
intimacy with God and, 332–4
making, 194n9, 201
modernity and, 2, 221
reflection, 30, 220
Sen, Asok, 198
Sen, Atulprasad, 147n26
Sen, Kesabchandra, 311, 327–8
Sen, Navinchandra, 283
Sen, Samar, 269, 271
Sen, Suchitra, 185
Sen, Sukumar, 43
Seser Kavita, 107, 293
Shaivism, 46
Shakespeare, 89, 105, 224
Shaktism, 46, 134
Shakuntala, 165, 223–4
Shankar, Ravi, 155
shringara, 160–2, 164–5, 177, 277
decline of, 167–71
shubha (auspicious or mangal), 111n85, 144, 284, 288, 297
Shyama, 175, 178
Shyamali, 203
singularization/singularity of individual lives, 194–5, 208
Sinha, Kaliprasanna, 62, 224–5, 267, 279–80
Sita, 57, 174, 195, 223–4, 351
Sitar Vanabas (Isvarcandra Vidyasagar), 88–9
Smith, Adam, 3
social theory, 2–3
link with literature, 19–20
Somprakash, 310, 328
Sonar Tari, 236
songs, 8, 52, 67, 122–7, 129, 132, 191, 251–2, 261–2
patriotic, 129 (see also Vande Mataram)
Tagore’s, 99, 164, 177, 256
Story of My Experiments with Truth, 314
stotras (hymns), 61n23, 127–30, 230
Strir Patra, 222n7
subjectivity, 34, 99, 108
bourgeois, 198
individualist, 209
principle, 211
Sucharita, 7, 173–4
sundar, 284, 288, 297
 
Tagore, Abanindranath, 8
Tagore, Devendranath, 311
Tagore, Rabindranath, 26, 33n12, 34, 36, 41, 75, 79, 85, 87, 90–1, 100, 102, 140, 147, 167, 175, 178, 183, 191–3, 200, 212, 217, 226, 266, 288n11, 291–2, 296, 332
double language of nationalism, 148–54
earlier languages of self, 189
emotional version of beauty, 171
images of love, 268–9
poetry after, 267, 270
Tattvabodhini Patrika, 90
Taylor, Charles, 25, 191
Thakumar Jhuli, 97
thumri, 161
Tilottama, 78, 105n78, 168–9, 219, 283n6
tradition (parampara), concept of, 48
Tubb, Gary, 341–3
Tulsidas, 61n23, 62
 
universalization (sadharanikarana), 335, 345n20
Upanishads/Upanishadic, 201, 287
Urdu ghazals, 256
Urdu poets, 155, 256
Uttamkumar, 185
Uttararamacarita, 89, 164
Uttarpurush, 282n5
 
Vaishnavism, 46, 66, 133
Vaisnava padavali, 46, 50, 52, 55, 73, 80
Valmiki, 89
Vande Mataram, 122–32, 134, 138–41, 147. See also Chattopadhyay, Bankimchandra
Varnaparichay, 223n11
vastraharana, 168
vernaculars, 15, 17, 20
Vetalapancavimsati (Twenty-five Tales of the Undead), 103
Vidyabhusan, Dwarkanath, 322
Vidyapati, 43, 45, 52–3, 63, 65, 69
Vidyasagar, Isvarcandra, 85, 88–91, 104, 223–4, 310, 322
Vidyasundar (Vidya and Sundar), 44, 71, 167, 278
Vrndavandas, 59
Vrtrasamhar, 283n6
vyajastuti, 226n21, 227, 280
 
Walker, Johnny, 251–2
Weber, Max, 16, 22–3, 56, 144, 255, 307, 333
Western
modernity, 212n24
Orientalists, 13
political theory, 2
social theory, 2, 16
writing, 100
 
yaksa, 170
 
zamindari, 83–4