William Westermann quotations come from his papers at Columbia University Rare Books and Manuscript Library, MS #1322, box 5, p. 102.
William Bullitt quotation is from Godfrey Hodgson, Woodrow Wilson’s Right Hand: The Life of Colonel Edward M. House (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006), p. 177.
John Pershing quoted in Bullitt Lowry, Armistice 1918 (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1996), p. 96.
Lloyd George’s comment on Foch is from Jere Clemens King, Foch Versus Clemenceau (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960), p. 26.
Foch to Clemenceau from Times of London, November 9, 1920.
The “squeeze the pips” comment comes from Keith Grieves, Sir Eric Geddes: Business and Government in War and Peace (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989), p. 72.
Paul Cambon’s quotation is from Alan Sharp, “James Headlam-Morley: Creating International History,” Diplomacy and Statecraft 9, no. 3 (Fall 1988): pp. 266–283.
Harold Nicolson’s quotation is from his Peacemaking, 1919 (London: University Paperbacks, 1964), p. 32.
Wilson quoted in John Milton Cooper, Reconsidering Woodrow Wilson (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), p. 13.
Wilson to the Inquiry from John Milton Cooper, Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 45.
Wilson to Creel is quoted in George Herring, From Colony to Superpower: US Foreign Relations Since 1776 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 414.
British diplomat, from Margaret Macmillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World (New York: Random House, 2003), p. 3.
For Engels, see Manfred Boemke, Roger Chickering, and Stig Förster, Anticipating Total War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 347.
Bliss quotations are from Frederick Palmer, Bliss, Peacemaker (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1934), pp. 375 and 390.
Sonnino is quoted in Margaret Macmillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World (New York: Random House, 2003), p. 285.
James Headlam-Morley quotation is from his A Memoir of the Paris Peace Conference (London: Methuen, 1972), p. 5.
Donald Moggridge, Maynard Keynes: An Economist’s Biography (London: Routledge, 1992), p. 311.
James Headlam-Morley quotation is from his A Memoir of the Paris Peace Conference (London: Methuen, 1972), p. 118.
Clemenceau is quoted in Gregor Dallas, At the Heart of a Tiger (London: Macmillan, 1993), p. 577.
Bliss quotation from letter to his wife, January 14, 1919 in Bliss Papers, box 22, folder 12, United States Army Heritage and Education Center, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
Wilson on the Germans is from William Bottom and Dejun Kong, “The Casual Cruelty of Our Prejudices,” Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 48, no. 4 (Sept. 2012): pp. 363–394.
Keynes is quoted in Robert Skidelsky, Keynes, 1883–1946 (London: Penguin, 2005), p. 231.
The Allied statement following Brockdorff-Rantzau’s speech is in Isabel Hull, A Scrap of Paper (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014), p. 10.
Bauer is cited in Regierungsbildung und Annahme des Versailler Vertrags, http://www.bundesarchiv.de/aktenreichskanzlei/1919-1933/0000/bau/bau1p/kap1_1/para2_2.html.
Foch is cited in Jean Autin, Foch (Paris: Perrin, 1987), p. 265.
Nicolson’s quotation comes from his Peacemaking, 1919 (London: University Paperbacks, 1964), p. 371.
Bliss’s quotation is from Frederick Palmer, Bliss, Peacemaker (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1934), p. 129.
Root is quoted in his League of Nations: Letters to Henry Cabot Lodge (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1919), p. 19.