* The Wealth of Nations, Book One, Chapter X; pp. 201–47 in the Pelican edition. In this classic work, published in 1776, Adam Smith (1732–90) gave bourgeois political economy its developed form, his book being not just scientifically important, but also a major ideological weapon for the developing industrial capitalist class. For both these reasons, Smith’s work forms a constant reference point for Marx throughout Capital. In Theories of Surplus–Value, in particular (Part I, Chapter III), Marx develops his fullest criticism of Smith’s fundamental theoretical conceptions. See also Volume 2, Chapters 10 and 19.