* Cf. Thomas Chalmers, On Political Economy in Connexion with the Moral State and Moral Prospects of Society, 2nd edn, Glasgow, 1832, p. 88. In Theories of Surplus-Value, Part I, p. 290, Marx describes Chalmers as ‘one of the most fanatic Malthusians’. Like Malthus he was himself a cleric, in fact Professor of Divinity at Glasgow University.