Timeline

246–241 BC

Third Syrian War of Ptolemy III Euergetes

27 BC

Foundation of the Roman Empire under Augustus

All dates below are CE/AD.

ca. 50

Composition of the Periplus of the Red Sea

ca. 200–270

First Ethiopian occupation of imyar

ca. 330–380

Reign of Aezanas at Axum in Ethiopia

ca. 340

Conversion of Aezanas to Christianity

ca. 380

Conversion of imyar to Judaism

ca. 450

MDYS negus in Axum, imitator of Constantine

ca. 470

Martyrdom of Azqīr in imyar

491–518

Anastasius Emperor in Byzantium

502

Embassy of Euphrasius to Kinda

518–527

Justin Emperor in Byzantium

ca. 517–533

Kālēb (Ella Asbeha) negus in Axum

522–525

Yūsuf, Jewish king in imyar

523

Massacre of Christians at Najrān

524

Embassy of Abraham to Narid al Mundhir and Conference of Ramla

ca. 524

Visit of Cosmas Indicopleustes to Adulis

525

Ethiopian Invasion of Arabia and death of Yūsuf

527–565

Justinian Emperor in Byzantium

528

Embassy of Abraham to Kinda

530

Embassy of Nonnosus to Kinda and Axum

531

Embassy of Abraham to Kinda

ca. 527–565

Ethopian Abraha King in imyar

548

Conference at Mārib

ca. 549

Cosmas writes the Christian Topography

552

Abraha’s campaign into northern Arabia

ca. 565

Sassanian Persians take control of imyar

ca. 570

Traditional date for the birth of Muammad

602–610

Phocas Emperor at Byzantium

614

Capture of Jerusalem by the Sassanian Persians

622

Hijra (migration) of Muammad from Mecca to Medina

610–641

Heraclius Emperor at Byzantium