NOTES
Introduction
1“Benicio Del Toro Talks Guevara,” EmpireOnline.co.uk, April 3, 2005.
2 “The Legacy of Che Guevara,” PBS, November 20, 1997.
3 Luis Ortega, Yo Soy El Che!, Mexico: Monroy Padilla, 1970, p. 179.
4 Mona Charen, Useful Idiots: How Liberals Got It Wrong in the Cold War and Still Blame America First, Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2003, p. 186.
5 Ryan Clancy, “Che Guevara Should Be Scorned—Not Worn,” USA Today, October 30, 2005.
6 Jorge Castañeda, Compañero: The Life and Death of Che Guevara , New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1997, p. xx.
7 David Kunzle, Che Guevara: Icon, Myth, and Message, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997.
Chapter 1: New York Fetes the Godfather of Terrorism
1Homer Bigort, “Bazooka Fired at U.N. as Cuban Speaks,” New York Times, December 14, 1964.
2 Pedro Corzo, tape of Guevara speech in documentary Guevara: Anatomia de un Mito, Miami: Caiman Productions, 2005.
3 Jon Lee Anderson, Che: A Revolutionary Life, New York: Grove Press, 1997, p. 617.
4 “Che’s Explosive Return,” Newsweek, December 21, 1964.
5 Anderson, Che, p. 618.
6 Laura Berquist, “Our Woman in Havana,” Look, November 8, 1960.
7 Laura Berquist, “28 Days in Communist Cuba,” Look, April 9, 1963.
8 Edward V. McCarthy, “Conspiradores en Nueva York Vinculador a Fidel Castro,” Diario de las Americas, February 18, 1965.
9 “Person of the Year,” Time, December 31, 2001.
10 Daniel James, Che Guevara: A Biography, New York: Stein and Day, 1969, p. 276.
11 “Carlos the Jackal: I’m Proud of Bin Laden,” Fox News, September 11, 2002.
12 Humberto Fontova, Fidel: Hollywood’s Favorite Tyrant, Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2005, p. 2.
 

Chapter 2: Jailer of Rockers, Hipsters, and Gays
1Sean O’Hagan, “Just a Pretty Face,” The Observer, July 11, 2004.
2 James, Che Guevara, p. 305.
3 Ibid., p. 323.
4 Ernesto Guevara, Que Debe Ser un Joven Comunista, Secretaria Nacional de Propaganda y Educación Política, FSLN, 1962.
5 Anderson, Che, p. 470.
6 Leo Sauvage, Che Guevara: The Failure of a Revolutionary, New York: Prentice-Hall, 1973, p. 126.
7 Ibid., p. 258.
8 “The Legacy of Che Guevara,” PBS, November 20, 1997.
9 Dariel Alarcon, Benigno: Memorias de un Soldado Cubano, Barcelona: Tusquets Editores, 1997, p. 253.
10 Castañeda, Compañero, p. 146.
11 Author interview with Carmen Cartaya, February 21, 2006.
12 Víctor Llano, El Carnicerito de la Cabaña, Libertad Digital, Madrid, November 22, 2004.
13 Author interview with Henry Gomez, February 22, 2006.
14 Ibid.
15 Guitar World, February 1997.
16 Proceso, Mexico, October 17, 2004.
17 Marc Cooper, “Che’s Grandson: Fidel’s an ‘Aged Tyrant,’ ” Marccooper.com, October 19, 2004.
18 Hector Navarro, “Un Viaje a Cuba,” ContactoCuba.com, January 22, 2006.
19 Sauvage, Che Guevara, p. 70.
20 David Sandison, Che Guevara, New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1998, p. 152.
 

Chapter 3: Bon Vivant, Mama’s Boy, Poser, and Snob
1Enrique Ros, Che: Mito y Realidad, Miami: Ediciones Universal, 2002, p. 35.
2 Marcos Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, Bogota, Columbia: Editorial Solar, 2004, p. 97
3 Ibid.
4 Tito Rodríguez Oltmans, “El Compromiso Sangriento,” Revista Guaracabuya, February 2006.
5 Ortega, Yo Soy El Che!, p. 185.
6 Andres Oppenheimer, “How Latin American Elite View the World,” Miami Herald, September 25, 2005.
7 Martin Ebon, Che: The Making of a Legend, New York: Universe Books, 1969, p. 13.
8 Sandison, Che Guevara, p. 15.
9 Pedro Corzo, interview with Miguel Sanchez in documentary Guevara: Anatomia de un Mito.
10 Ortega, Yo Soy El Che!, p. 191.
11 Author interview with Frank Fernandez, January 19, 2006.
12 Antonio Navarro, Tocayo: A Cuban Resistance Leader’s True Story, Westport, Conn.: Sandown Books, 1981, p. 99.
13 “Franz Kafka’s Trial as Symbol in Judicial Opinions,” Legal Studies, Forum, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1988.
14 Sauvage, Che Guevara, p. 112.
15 “We’re Number One,” Lewrockwell.com, August 11, 2001.
16 Paul Johnson, Intellectuals, New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988, p. 155.
17 The Guevara Photographer Series, BBC News, August 7, 2000.
18 Johnson, Intellectuals.
 

Chapter 4: From Military Doofus to “Heroic Guerrilla”
1Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 90.
2 Ibid., p. 97.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Author interview with Carlos Lazo, February 20, 2006.
6 Author interview with Enrigue Enrizo, February 21, 2006.
7 Anderson, Che, p. 367.
8 Francisco Rodriguez Tamayo, “Como Ganaron los Rebeldes Cubanos,” El Diario de Nueva York, June 25, 1959.
9 Author interview with Manuel Cereijo, March 21, 2006.
10 Paul Bethel, The Losers, New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969, p. 51.
11 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 167.
12 Ortega, Yo Soy El Che!, p. 31.
13 Ros, Che, p. 194.
14 Anderson, Che, p. 368.
15 Pedro Corzo, interview with Jaime Costas in documentary Guevara: Anatomia de un Mito.
16 Bethel, The Losers, p. 51.
17 Author interview with Julio Cañizarez, February 7, 2004.
18 Ortega, Yo Soy El Che!, p. 266.
19 Georgie Ann Geyer, Guerrilla Prince, Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1991, p. 70.
20 Warren Commission, Volume XXVI: CE 3081—FBI Report on Fair Play for Cuba Committee.
21 Castañeda, Compañero, p. 110.
22 Anderson, Che, p. 553.
23 Juan de Dios Marin, “Estuve en una Escuela de Terrorismo en Cuba,” Reader’s Digest, January 1965.
24 Geyer, Guerrilla Prince.
25 Castañeda, Compañero, p. 200.
26 Grayston Lynch, Decision for Disaster, Washington D.C.: Brassey’s, 1998, Dedication, p. 1.
27 Jack Hawkins, “Classified Disaster,” National Review, December 31, 1996.
28 Lynch, Decision for Disaster, p. 112.
29 Revista Girón: Órgano Oficial de la Asociación de Combatientes de Bahia de Cochinos Brigada 2506, July 2005.
30 All information in this section is from author interviews with Bay of Pigs Veterans Association members, including President Felix Rodriguez and Vice President Nilo Messer.
31 Author interview with Mario Riveron, February 7, 2006.
32 Pedro Corzo, interview with Huber Matos in documentary Guevara: Anatomia de un Mito.
33 Author interview with Bay of Pigs Veterans Association Vice President Nilo Messer, May 30, 2005.
34 Anderson, Che, p. 505.
35 Author interview with Jose Castaño, January 18, 2006.
36 All information in this section is from author interviews with Bay of Pigs Veterans Association members, including President Felix Rodriguez and Vice President Nilo Messer.
37 Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-1963, Volume X, Cuba, 1961-1962, Department of State.
38 Author interview with Alberto Quiroga, November 24, 2006.
39 Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-1963, Volume X, Cuba, 1961-1962, Department of State.
40 Fontova, Fidel, p. 28.
41 Michael Beschloss, The Crisis Years: Kennedy & Krushchev 1960-63, New York: HarperCollins, 1991, p. 538.
42 Bethel, The Losers.
43 Peter Schweizer, “Cuban Missile Crisis: Kennedy’s Mistakes,” History News Network, November 4, 2002.
44 Fontova, Fidel, p. 23.
45 William Breuer, Vendetta! Fidel Castro and the Kennedy Brothers. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
46 Fontova, Fidel, p. 27.
47 Castañeda, Compañero, p. 274.
48 Richard Nixon, “Cuba, Castro, and John F. Kennedy,” Reader’s Digest, November 5, 1964.
 

Chapter 5: Fidel’s Favorite Executioner
1Ros, Che, p. 140.
2 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 136.
3 Ibid., p. 142.
4 Ros, Che, p. 187.
5 Pedro Corzo, interview with Agustin Soberon in documentary Guevara: Anatomia de un Mito.
6 Sauvage, Che Guevara, p. 157.
7 Ortega, Yo Soy El Che!, p. 180.
8 Ros, Che, p. 118.
9 “Como Asesinado El Che Guevara,” El Nuevo Herald, December 28, 1997.
10 Mario Lazo, Dagger in the Heart: American Policy Failures in Cuba, New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1968, p. 180.
11 “A Man Without a Country,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, July 4, 2004.
12 Author interview with Roberto Martin-Perez, February 19, 2006.
13 Mario Lazo, Daga en el Corazon: Cuba Traicionada, New York: Minerva, 1972, p. 254.
14 Hiram Gonzalez, interviewed by Enrique Encinosa in documentary Yo los He Visto Partir, El Instituto de la Memoria Histórica Cubana Contra el Totalitarismo, 2002.
15 Bethel, The Losers, p. 383.
16 Henry Butterfield Ryan, The Fall of Che Guevara, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 5.
 

Chapter 6: Murderer of Women and Children
 

All of the assassinations included in this chapter are fully documented, using a minimum of two sources, by Armando Lago, Ph.D., and Maria Werlau, who head the Cuba Archive Project.
1Lazo, Daga en el Corazon.
2 Fulgencio Batista, Cuba Betrayed, New York: Vantage Press, 1962, p. 300.
3 Ruby Hart Phillips, The Cuban Dilemma, New York: Ivan Obelensky, 1962, pp. 62-63.
4 Pedro Corzo, interview with Jose Vilasuso in documentary Guevara: Anatomia de un Mito.
5 Ortega, Yo Soy El Che!, p. 179.
6 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 194.
7 Armando Valladares, Contra Toda Esperanza, Barcelona: Plaza Janes Editores, 1985, p. 17.
8 Anderson, Che, p. 386.
9 Ibid.
10 Pedro Corzo, interview with Jose Pujols in documentary Guevara: Anatomia de un Mito.
11 Valladares, Contra Toda Esperanza, pp. 24-25.
12 Author interview with Miriam Mata, March 4, 2006.
13 Valladares, Contra Toda Esperanza, p. 27.
14 Ibid., p. 25.
15 Humberto Fontova, “We Love You Fidel,” Newmax magazine, November 18, 2002.
16 Ibid.
17 James, Che Guevara, p. 113.
18 John Keegan, ed., HarperCollins Atlas of the Second World War, New York: HarperCollins, 2001.
19 Castañeda, Compañero, p.145.
20 Guevara, Que Debe Ser un Joven Comunista, p. 13.
21 Maria Werlau and Dr. Armando Lago, Cuba Archive Project.
22 Bethel, The Losers, p. 383.
23 Ibid., p. 384.
24 Eloy Escagedo, “Masacre de Jovenes en Sancti Spiritus,” CircuitoSur.com.
25 Sauvage, Che Guevara, p. 157.
26 Author interview with ex-rebel Santiago De Juan, January 16, 2006.
27 Anthony Daniels, “The Real Che,” New Criterion, October 2004.
28 Sauvage, Che Guevara, p. 263.
29 Castañeda, Compañero, p. 178.
30 Author interview with Emilio Izquierdo, November 24, 2005.
31 Cecilio Lorenzo, interviewed by Pedro Diaz Hernandez, January 23, 2002, for La Voz de Cuba Libre.
32 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 136.
33 Anderson, Che, p. 700.
34 Ibid.
35 Author interview with Margot Menendez, March 16, 2006.
36 Anderson, Che.
37 Author interview with Barbara Rangel-Rojas, February 7, 2006.
38 Tanía Díaz Castro, “Por qué fusilaron a mi Papá?” CUBANET .INDEPENDIENTE, December 4, 2000.
39 Ibid.
 

Chapter 7: The “Intellectual and Art Lover” as Book Burner and Thief
1Ebon, Che, p. 13.
2 Salvador Diaz-Verson, One Man,One Battle, New York: Worldwide, 1980, p. 105.
3 “The Legacy of Che Guevara,” PBS, November 20, 1997.
4 Christopher Hitchens, “Goodbye to All That,” New York Review of Books, July 17, 1997.
5 Ros, Che, p. 189
6 Geyer, Guerrilla Prince, p. 240.
7 Author interview with Sylvia Diaz-Verson, November 24, 2005.
8 Testimony of Salvador Diaz-Verson, Communist Threat to the United States Through the Caribbean, U.S. Senate Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, of the Committee on the Judiciary, May 6, 1960.
9 Nat Hentoff, “Book Burning in Cuba,” Jewish World Review, August 18, 2005.
10 Ibid.
11 Fontova, Fidel, p. 139.
12 Maritza Beato, “El Saqueo del Patrimonio Cultural Cubano,” El Nuevo Herald, March 1, 2006.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
Chapter 8: Academia’s Rude Surprise
1“Cuba Salutes ‘Che’ Guevara,” CNN, October 17, 1997.
2 Ibid.
3 I. F. Stone, “Mc Carthy and the Witch Hunt,” Stone’s Weekly, April 4, 1953.
4 “L.A. Symposium Debates Che and Cuban Revolution,” The Militant, November 24, 1997.
5 Author interview with Hugo Byrne, January 22, 2006.
6 Author interview with Jose Castaño, January 18, 2006.
7 Ibid.
 

Chapter 9: Brownnoser and Bully
1Author interview with Marcos Bravo, January 7, 2006.
2 Author interview with Miguel Uria, February 19, 2006.
3 Ortega, Yo Soy El Che!
4 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 196.
5 Ibid, p. 197.
6 Ortega, Yo Soy El Che!, p. 122.
7 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 196.
8 Ibid.
 

Chapter 10: Guerrilla Terminator
1Bethel, The Losers, p. 372.
2 Enrique Encinosa, interview with Agapito Rivera in documentary Al Filo del Machete, El Instituto de la Memoria Histórica Cubana Contra el Totalitarismo, 2002.
3 Author interview with Emilio Izquierdo, November 24, 2005.
4 Author interview with Guillermo Robaina, March 24, 2006.
5 Author interview with Lazaro Piniero, March 24, 2006.
6 Fontova, Fidel, p. 107.
7 Enrique Encinosa, Cuba en Guerra, The Endowment for Cuban-American Studies, 1994, p. 190.
8 Carlota Guillot Pérez, “Presencia del Che en la Limpia del Escambray,” Las Montañas Son Nuestras, December 20, 1987.
 

Chapter 11: “The Brains of the Revolution” as Economic Czar
1Sauvage, Che Guevara, p. 143.
2 Ortega, Yo Soy El Che!, p. 207.
3 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 267.
4 Author interview with Frank Fernandez, Cuban factory worker, January 17, 2006.
5 Rene Dumont, Cuba Est-Il Socialiste? Paris: Seuil, 1973.
6 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 288.
7 Anderson, Che, p. 632.
8 Mario Lazo, Dagger in the Heart, pp. 82-83.
9 Batista, Cuba Betrayed, p. 172.
10 Lazo, Dagger in the Heart, p. 82.
11 Anderson, Che, p. 438.
12 Kirby Smith and Hugo Llorens, “A Comparison of Socioeconomic Indicators in Pre-Castro and Current-Day Cuba,” Proceedings of the Annual Meetings of the Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy (ASCE), University of Texas at Austin, August 1998.
13 Ibid.
14 Alberto Iglesias, “Socio-Economic ‘Conquests’ of the Communist Experiment on Cuba,” Miami: Cuba Free Press, Inc., June 1999.
15 Fontova, Fidel, p. 39.
16 Alberto Bustamante, “Notas y Estadisticas Sobre los Grupos Étnicos en Cuba,” Revista Herencia, Volumen 10, 2004, Herencia Cultural Cubana, Miami, Florida.
17 Theodore Draper, Castro’s Revolution, New York: Frederick Praeger, 1962, p. 43.
18 Christopher Ruddy, “Powell and Castro,” Newsmax, May 14, 2001.
19 Kirby Smith and Hugo Llorens, “A Comparison of Socioeconomic Indicators in Pre-Castro and Current-Day Cuba,” Proceedings of the Annual Meetings of the ASCE.
20 Ibid.
21 “El Comandante en Jefe si Tiene Quien le Escriba,” El Nuevo Herald, January 8, 2006.
22 Humberto Fontova, “Fidel as Business Partner,” Newsmax, February 20, 2002.
23 Anderson, Che, p. 469.
24 Lazo, Dagger in the Heart, p. 82.
25 Ibid.
26 United Nations, General Assembly, GA/10417, August 11, 2005.
27 Anderson, Che, p. 471.
28 Isane Aparicio Busto, “Viaje Literario,” El Mundo de España, October 25, 2005.
29 Pascal Fletcher, “Supermodels Impressed by Cuba’s Castro,” Reuters, February 22, 1998.
30 “Czech Model Helena Houdova Briefly Detained in Cuba,” Prague Daily Monitor, January 26, 2006.
31 Ibid.
32 “Insider Report: Castro Taped Jack Nicholson, Hollywood Stars,” Newsmax, April 10, 2005.
33 G. Fernández and M. A. Menéndez, “Castro Graba Intimades de Visitantes,” Revista Guaracabuya, March 12, 2001.
34 Ibid.
35 Ortega, Yo Soy El Che!, p. 57.
36 Julia O’Connell Davidson, “Sex Tourism in Cuba,” Race & Class 38.1, July-September 1996.
37 Ibid.
38 Ibid.
39 Ibid.
40 Felix Hernandez, “Jineteras en el Paraiso,” La Nueva Cuba, December 20, 2005.
41 Author interview with Eusebio Peñalver, June 9, 2004.
 

Chapter 12: Che in Africa
1Author interview with Ninoska Perez-Castellon, radio hostess, January 17, 2006.
2 Pedro Corzo, interview with Miguel Sanchez in documentary Guevara: Anatomia de un Mito.
3 Sam McGowan, “Operation Dragon Rouge,” The HistoryNet. com, June 2002.
4 Ros, Che, p. 262.
5 Ibid.
6 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 307.
7 Anderson, Che, p. 658.
8 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che.
9 Alarcon, Benigno, p. 103.
10 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 310.
11 Author interview with Gus Ponzoa, February 7, 2005.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
 

Chapter 13: Che’s Final Debacle
1Castañeda, Compañero, p. 332.
2 James, Che Guevara, p. 260.
3 Author interview with Mario Riveron, CIA, retired, February 7, 2006.
4 James, Che Guevara, p. 247.
5 Author interview with Felix Rodriguez, CIA, retired, February 19, 2006.
6 James, Che Guevara, p. 268.
7 Anderson, Che, p. 716.
8 James, Che Guevara, p. 276.
9 Ibid.
10 Alarcon, Benigno, p. 152.
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid.
13 James, Che Guevara, p. 229.
14 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 438.
15 Sauvage, Che Guevara, p. 241.
16 Alarcon, Benigno, p. 103.
17 James, Che Guevara.
18 Anderson, Che, p. 549.
19 Alarcon, Benigno, p. 181.
20 Castañeda, Compañero, p. 399.
21 Ibid.
22 Anderson, Che, p. 733.
23 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p. 458.
24 Ibid., p. 466.
25 Ibid., p. 450.
26 Castañeda, Compañero, p. 404.
27 Colonel Arnaldo Saucedo Parada, No Disparen Soy El Che, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Editorial Oriente, p. 137.
28 Pedro Corzo, interview with Miguel Sanchez in documentary Guevara: Anatomia de un Mitro.
29 Parada, No Disparen Soy El Che, p. 137.
30 Bravo, La Otra Cara del Che, p 487.
31 Ibid., p. 467.
32 Ibid., p. 499.
33 Castañeda, Compañero, p. 400.
34 Author interview with Felix Rodriguez, CIA, retired, February 17, 2006.