2

Index

350.org, 134

Acción Ecológica, 209, 234nn37–38

advertising, 99, 100–102, 187–88, 196, 202, 252, 282

advocacy: 127, 157, 246, 267n15, 270n23; bike, 134; economic, 253; legislative, 223, 252–53; public policy, 283; shareholder, 252

agape/agapao, 166–68, 171, 173, 175, 183–84, 186, 194n9

agriculture: adequate to feed world, 46n30; commercial, 188–93, 222; community-supported, 207, 253, 281; greenhouse gas emissions and, 129, 233n15; local and regional, 207, 242, 250, 295n10; small-scale, 242, 250, 297n10; sustainable, 233n24, 250

Agyeman, Julian, 38, 234n43

aheb, 167–68, 183–84

Albrecht, Gloria, 109n12, 269n8

Ambrose, 94–95, 211, 213

American Sustainable Business Council, 286

Amnesty International, 134, 136n36

Andolsen, Barbara Hilkert, 194n22, 194n24

Aquinas, Thomas, 174, 211

Balasuriya, Tissa, 262, 269n40

banks/banking, 45n9, 226–28, 242; local or community-based, 229, 233, 242, 257, 280–82

baptism, 20, 261, 264, 266, 270n50

Bartholomew, his Holiness Patriarch, 59

Basel Ban Amendment, 276

beef production, 69, 129; greenhouse gas and, 111n45, 129, 215; protein and, 129

beef, not eating, 215, 255

Beguines, 141–42, 161n4

Bernard of Clairvaux, 171

Bernays, Edward, 100, 110n34

Berry, Thomas, 135n16, 203, 233n12

Birch, Bruce, 195n48, 247, 268n16

Bitter Drink (film), 235

blood minerals, 83–86, 257–60

Blood in the Mobile (film), 258

Bloomquist, Karen, 195n49

Boff, Leonardo, 143, 161n10

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 49, 66–68, 78n1, 80n41, 93, 144, 147, 156, 162nn22–23, 163n38, 170, 178, 195n38

Borg, Marcus, 64

Boulding, Kenneth, 110n41

Bowles, Samuel, 235n76

boycott, 11, 117, 159–60, 220–22, 242, 246, 252, 255, 257, 284–85

Brandeis, Louis, 222

Bretton Woods, 110n39

Broad, Robin, 296nn2–3, 298n34

Brookfield, Stephen, 63, 88–89, 99, 105, 109n13, 109n17, 109n20, 111n44, 136n22

Brubaker, Pamela, xi, 34, 46nn25–26

Brueggemann, Walter, 87, 109nn9–10, 135n4, 263

Bt cotton, 188, 191

Buber, Martin, 174

Buhrs, T., 212

Bullard, Robert, 38, 47n38, 47n40

business: agribusiness, 69–70, 188–90, 197, 207, 299n56; local and regional, 118, 160, 215, 229, 242, 250, 252–53, 255, 274, 280–83 290, 294, 302–5; small-scale, 24, 26, 71, 118, 132, 134, 160, 215, 229, 242, 250, 272, 274, 280–83, 294, 302–5; worker-owned or managed, 229, 253. See also triple bottom line

Business Alliance for Local Living Economies (BALLE), 281, 297n11

Business Leaders and Investors for a Living Wage, 290

Cancer Ally, 132

Capabilities Approach, 111n43

carbon neutrality, 208, 214–15

carbon tithe, 215

Catholic social teaching, 180, 213

Cavanagh, John, 280, 296n7

Center for Human Rights and Global Justice, New York University, 191

charity: binders of, 90–93; deceptiveness of, 51, 68; inadequacy of: 26, 91–93, 107, 184

Chavez, Benjamin, 36

Chelladurai, John, 123, 135n18

child labor, 272; Pakistan, 177–78; United States, 69, 285–86

China, 46n34, 70, 104

Chrysostom, John, 93

Citizens United, 226

classism, 17, 59, 65, 72

Clayton, Philip, 143, 162n14

climate colonialism. See climate imperialism

climate imperialism, 36

climate justice, 40, 215

CO2NOW.org, 233n17

Cobb, John, xviii, 79n19, 233n23

Coca-Cola, 217, 220–21, 235n68

Cole, Johnnetta B., 239, 268n1

Collins, Chuck, 235n72

Collins, Patricia Hill, 16, 21n23, 138, 268n1, 269nn20–21, 271, 296n1, 298nn42–44, 299n48, 299nn51–n52

coltan, 84–86, 99

Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund, 235n57, 299nn57–58

community land trust, 281

community-supported agriculture (CSA), 207, 253, 281

Conference of Bishops, Presidents, and President Pastors of the Latin American Lutheran Churches, 245, 268n10

conflict minerals, 259: pledge, 258; Trade Act, 258

Congar, Yves, 148, 162n24, 162n26

Connors, Russell B., 195n42

corporate charter, 216, 218

Corporate Code of Conduct Act, 290

corporate personhood, 42, 117–18, 139, 216, 226, 230, 236, 274–75, 278, 280, 293

corporate power: relative to citizen power, 15, 52, 190, 222, 224–28, 230–31, 236n86, 236n89, 250, 272–96; structural sin and, 64

corporate public relations, 100–102, 110n33, 110n36, 285–87

corporate social responsibility (CSR), 275, 284–90, 295, 297n22

corporation: best interests and, 216–17; gateways to change in, 273–96; mandatory constraints, 274–75, 276–77, 290–93; monitoring of, 118, 285–89; moral culture within, 274, 279, 283–84; petrochemical, 52, 188; plant closing and, 38; UN Global Compact and, 286; voluntary constraints on, 274–75, 276–77, 284–90. See also corporate personhood

The Corporation (film), 227

cotton, 37, 50, 70, 187–93, 196n59, 196n67

cradle-to-cradle, 279

Cyril of Jerusalem, 264

Dahl, Robert, 224–25, 235n73, 235n76, 236n79, 236n81, 299n51

Daly, Herman, 79n19, 110n41, 203, 233n11, 233n23

Davis, Mike, 46n31

Day, Dorothy, 170

De Chardin, Teilhard, 135n16

De La Torre, Miguel, 17, 21nn24–25, 268n14

Deep South Center for Environmental Justice, 53

democracy: and capitalism, 223–25, 228–29, 236n82; and classical liberal theory, 223, 228, 232n2, 235n77; economic, 197, 222–23, 225–31, 236n87, 280–81, 294, 297n10; food, 207; meanings of, 222–25, 230, 236n78; and neoclassical economic theory, 204, 224–25; and property rights, 224, 292; subordination of by economic power, 228, 236n78, 249

Democracy Now, 191–92, 196n64

democratic theory, 224–25, 235n75, 235n77

denial, 14, 95–97, 105, 116, 132, 137–39, 156, 256

Denmark, 208, 212, 276

Denmark Basel Ban Amendment, 276

Denmark’s Green Accounts Act, 208

Dorrien, Gary, 195n56, 237nn93–94, 297n10, 297n16

Duchrow, Ulrich, 282, 296n8, 297n10, 297n16, 297n18

Dumhoff, William, 237n90

dumping: agricultural, 106, 218; hazardous waste, 134, 210, 277; transboundary, 30, 38, 277

Earth Charter, 139

Earth Summit, 234n37, 297n10

Earth’s economy, 103, 115, 124, 203–8, 231, 233n23

ecocide, 4, 8, 146

eco-justice 38–41, 44, 210, 212, 266. See also environmental justice

ecological debt, 40, 47n41, 209–11, 214–15, 231, 233n33, 234n37, 234n42, 245, 250, 291

ecological-economic justice literacy, 128–35

economic growth, 59, 102–5, 202, 203–5, 230, 233n14, 273; unlimited, 42, 102–5, 124–27, 202, 203–4, 233n23; unqualified, 104–5

economic privilege, 4, 10–12, 87, 136n24

economy: Earth’s, 103, 124, 203–8, 231, 233n23; local, 202–7, 215, 250–55, 280–83; local living, 229, 281

Ecumenical Advocacy Network, 193, 245

Ecumenical Advocacy Network Food for Life Campaign, 193

energy: 133, 204–5, 215, 250; renewable, 133, 204–5, 208, 233n15, 250, 281, 289; solar, 133, 214; wind, 214

Enough Project, 84, 109n4, 258–59, 269n28

environmental equity, 209

environmental footprint. See footprint: environmental

environmental justice, 40, 47n40, 267, 276, 279. See also eco-justice

environmental racism, 36–40, 43, 47n37, 125; Toxic Wastes and Race report, 36

environmental space, 40, 43, 47n41, 209–16, 231, 233n33, 234n43, 234n47

epistemological privilege, 8, 128, 130–31, 243–44

Epstein, Gerald, 45n8, 268n18, 299n49

Erhard, Nancy, 135n20, 145, 162n17, 162n23, 167

Eucharist, 261–62, 264, 266

evil, 10, 35, 64–65, 79n34, 79n35, 80n40, 87, 122, 128, 145, 150, 154–56, 166, 242, 265, 273, 301; epistemology of, 50; hiddenness of, 14, 67–68, 80n42, 87, 93, 95, 100, 108, 113–14, 240, 260–61; structural, 2–7, 12, 14, 16–17, 19–20, 26, 41, 49, 62, 64–68, 71, 74, 78, 88, 90, 98, 130, 138, 141, 144, 147–48, 153, 156, 178, 186, 199, 241, 243, 256, 263, 301

external debt of impoverished countries, 23–24, 27, 94, 96, 209–11, 234n35, 235n62, 244–45, 250–51, 252, 257, 268nn10–11, 292

externalized cost or externalities, 104, 204–5, 217

fair trade towns, 118

Faith Action Network, 160

Farley, Edward, 79nn35–36

Farmer, Paul, 71–72, 76, 80n59, 80n69

Farm-to-School program, 207

Fernandez, Eleazar, 65, 79nn32–33, 79n35, 79n38

First Amendment, 216, 274, 278, 293

Food Democracy Now, 207

Food First, 207

food justice, 207

food production, 31–32, 254; local and small-scale, 215, 250

footprint: carbon, 36, 70, 266; environmental, 211–12, 215; Global Footprint Network, 234n49

Forum on Religion and Ecology, 139

free trade, 24, 27, 68–69, 94, 96, 116–17, 189–90, 229, 236n86. See also international trade

Friedman, Milton, 236n82, 240, 268n2

Friends of the Earth: Europe, 212; international, 234n37, 234n44; Netherlands, 211

Fromm, Erich, 97–100, 110n30, 110n32, 126–27, 135n21, 11, 194n17

Furlan, Angel, 245, 268n11

Galbraith, John Kenneth, 110n41

Galtung, John, 71, 73–75, 80nn53–54, 80n62, 80n65

Gandhi, 242, 268n4

gateways to corporate change, 205, 273–77, 282–83, 295–96

Gebara, Ivone, 50, 66, 68, 78n4, 79n39, 80n46

General Mills, 207

genetically modified organisms (GMOs), 69, 187–93. See also seeds

Genuine Progress Indicator, 111n43

Gilligan, James, 72, 80n56

Gilman, Robert, 72, 80n57

Gintis, Herbert, 235n76

Glass-Steagall Act, 45n9

globalization, 10, 177; economic, 20, 27, 40, 64, 109n23, 244, 287, 296n7; neoliberal, 3, 20, 27, 33, 20, 27, 47n38, 64, 227, 240, 268n10

God: immanent/indwelling, 142–46, 146–48, 153–54, 162n15, 162n16, 164–65, 169–70, 172; union and communion with, 140, 175

Goldstein, Valerie Saiving, 194n24

Gorringe, Timothy, 270n48

Gottlieb, Roger, 21n14, 21n16

Gramsci, Antonio, 88–89, 109n14, 109n18

Green America, 117–18, 136n30, 221, 235n68, 246

Green Sisters, 131, 136n32, 267, 270n55

Greenhouse Development Rights Framework, 211, 234n41

greenhouse gas emissions, 38, 204, 209–11, 234n46, 291

Greider, William, 235n60

Hadewijch of Brabant, 21n10, 139

Hansen, James, 204

Haraway, Donna, 122, 135n12

Hardt, Michael, 183–84, 195n53

Harris, Melanie, 21n20

Harrison, Beverly Wildung, x, 165, 195n57

Hart, John, 143, 161n11, 161n13

Hawken, Paul, 110n28, 115, 135n5, 208, 283, 297n19

hegemonic vision, 87–89

hegemony, 88–90, 105, 109n14, 110n25

hesed, 167–68, 200

The High Cost of Low Prices (film), 159

Hobgood, Mary, ix, 49, 78n2, 109n7, 110n27, 135n2, 135n9, 135n11

Hollenbach, David, 135n8

Holy Spirit, 140, 142–54, 170

hope, 5–6, 9, 14, 23, 65, 88, 97–98, 114, 123, 131–32, 137–63, 166, 199, 239, 246, 255, 264, 283, 301

Hopkins, Dwight, 49

Human Development Index, 111n43

human right(s), 180, 212–13, 215, 221; mining and, 2, 84; violations of by corporations, 73, 226, 288, 294

Hurtado, Aida, 62, 79n29

I Am (film), 75, 248

illegitimate debt, 251, 268n11, 292

Income Equity Act, 291

India, 1–2, 25, 37–39, 91, 93, 99, 103, 123, 174, 178, 189, 191–92, 196n59, 217, 220–21, 244, 266–67, 287, 289, 294, 299n59

Institute for Policy Studies, 268n13, 296n9, 298n34

Interface, Inc., 207, 283

International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 31, 233n15

international trade: agreements, 12, 68–71, 116–17, 229, 250, 291; free, 24, 27, 68–69, 94, 96, 116–17, 189–90, 229, 236n86; fair, 118–19, 281–82, 291; Fair Trade Federation, 117, 245

Irenaeus of Lyons, 161n3, 199

Jewish World Watch, 258, 269n30

Johnsen, Tore, 270n53

Johnson, Elizabeth, 21n9, 79n28, 79n30, 136n37

Joint Appeal in Religion and Science, 139

Journey of the Universe (film), 79n22, 267

Jubilee: biblical, 151, 213; Jubilee Campaign, 252–57

justice: as biblical norm, 178, 181–82, 186–87; critiques of Western notions of, 181; love and, 178–85; meanings of, 179–82; as social justice, 180–84; types of, 179

Kappen, Mercy, xi, 244

Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti, 153, 162n26, 163n33

Kelly, Petra, 1, 20n2

Keynes, John Maynard, 202, 233n10

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1, 23, 45n1, 176, 194n7, 194n19

Kruganti, Kravitha, 196n59

Kyoto Protocol, 134, 218

LaCugna, Catherine Mowry, 194n26, 194n28

LaDuke, Winona, 133, 136n34

lament: communal, 263–64; public, 253, 264

Lampe, G. W. H., 162n16

Landman, Todd, 80n55

Lappé, Anna, 206, 233n25

Lathrop, Gordon, x, 269n36

Lebacqz, Karen, 195n47

liberalism, classical, 224–25, 228, 232n2, 235n77

liberation theology, 59, 230

Life and Debt (film), 235n62

Lincoln, Abraham, 222

liturgy, 253, 261, 265, 267

living wage, 117–18, 159. See also wage

Local Farms-Healthy Kids Act, 207

Lonergan, Bernard, 113, 133n1

low-carbon diet, 206–8

low-carbon food system, 207

Luther, Martin, 58, 63, 79n26, 143, 153, 161nn8–9, 162n20, 163n34, 167, 170–71, 195n34, 261, 263, 269n39, 270n50, 292, 296n4

Lutheran World Federation, 1, 20, 20n3, 79n25, 195n49, 210, 234n39, 266, 270n53

Maguire, Daniel, 189, 193

Mahmud, Tayyab, 236n83

Malaysia, 278–79

Maldives, 31, 51–52, 78n11

Mandela, Nelson, 36

Mandlate, Bernardino, 23–24

Manukonda, John Haide, 189, 196n61

Maryknoll Ecological Sanctuary, 267

Masih, Iqbal, 178, 195n35

McBrien, Richard B., 180

McCormick, Patrick T., 195n42

McFague, Sallie, 114, 135n3, 143, 197

McKibben, Bill, 289, 297n10, 298n41

McKinney, Cynthia, 290

Metz, Johann Baptist, 269n43

Mexico, 24, 38, 68–71, 116, 217

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 31, 46n12n13

mining: Appalachia and coal, 204, 284; Congo and coltan, 84–85, 257; Orissa, India and bauxite, 1–2, 94, 294

Mississippi River Chemical Corridor, 52–53

Moltmann, Jürgen, 121, 135n10, 162n25

Monsanto, 79n24, 98, 188–91, 196n59, 196nn62–63, 216

moral agency: abdication of, 4; collective, 62, 186; critical mystical vision and, 113–15; and epistemology, 243–45; and ethics, 19; God’s love and, 271, 146–48; God’s Spirit and, 148–54, 156–57; hegemonic vision and, 87–90; hope and, 123, 154–57; immanent God and, 142–46; individual, 62; and moral anthropology, 146–48; and mysticism, 140–41; of otherkind, 123, 144–45, 201; for social transformation, 87, 138, 140, 146–47, 232, 240, 255; and theology, 137–38

moral anthropology, 147, 197–200, 232, 241, 267, 268n3

moral consciousness, 78, 113; ecocentric, 123–26; interconnected, 120–21; practiced, 128–32; privatized, 14–15, 19, 80–93, 119–21; from the underside, 121–23

moral economy: principles of, 13, 15, 115, 197, 203–32; vision of, 203, 247–51, 259, 267, 294–95

moral formation, 63, 172, 259–67

moral knowing, sources of, 126, 241, 243–45

moral oblivion, 86–106; countering, 113–36; socially constructed, 90–106

moral power. See moral agency

moral-spiritual power. See moral agency

moral vision, 5, 9, 13, 14, 17, 21n21, 61, 62, 67, 71, 86–87, 90, 105, 108–9, 109n23, 113, 137, 138, 156, 241, 247, 249–51, 295, 302. See moral economy, vision of

Morgenstern, Richard, 285, 297n23, 298n38

Morgenthau, Henry, 110n39

Morrill, Bruce, 269n42

Morse, Christopher, 79n34, 163n37, 270n47

Move to Amend Campaign, 118, 278, 293

Muttitt, Gregory, 54

mysticism, 140–41

Nagler, Michael, 268n5

Nash, Peter, 268n14

Nasheed, Mohammed, 51

National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service, 233n24

Negri, Antonio, 183–84, 195n53

Nelson, Jon, 177

neoliberalism, 27, 41–42, 115, 120–21, 165, 236n83, 240, 244, 268n10. See also globalization: neoliberal

Nero’s Guests (film), 192

Netherlands, 212

Network of Spiritual Progressives, 117, 278, 299n58

New Deal, 45n9, 226–27, 240

New Economy Working Group, 268n13, 296n3n9

Niebuhr, H. Richard, 174, 200

Niebuhr, Reinhold, 64, 175, 176, 181, 183, 195n50

Niger Delta, 53–54, 61, 74, 79n18, 134, 136n36, 287

Norgaard, Richard B., 209

Northcott, Michael, 232n1, 299n53

Norway, 2, 212, 265

Nothwehr, Dawn, 174, 194n27

Nygren, Anders, 173, 182, 194n23

ocean acidification, 40, 52, 56, 204, 210

Outka, Gene, 208

Oxfam, 119, 192–93

panentheism, 143–44

pantheism, 143

paradox of practice, 242–43, 255–57, 282–83

paradox of privilege, 63–64, 79, 98

Pateman, Carol, 235n75

Paz, Octavio, 137

Pellow, David Naguib, 45n10

Pero, Peter, 57, 79n25

Perry, Gary, 86, 109n8

Persian Gulf, 54

personhood, corporate. See corporation, personhood and

Peters, Ted, 79n35

Philippines, 27–28, 99, 287

Phillips, Anne, 235n75

Pizer, William, 285, 297n23, 298n38

pneuma, 151–53

Pogge, Thomas, 26, 41, 45n6, 47n42

Poling, James, 62, 65–68, 79n31, 80n40, 80nn42–43

Political Economy Research Institute, University of Southern California, 47n37

Pope John Paul II, 35

Prendergast, John, 109n4

Prince, Thomas, 218, 235n63

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 209

profit maximization, 42, 99, 108, 213, 216–22, 227, 229, 272

Program for Environmental and Regional Equity, University of Southern California, 47n37

Program on Corporations, Law, and Democracy (POCLAD), 299n58

Public Citizen, 192

racism, 11, 17; environmental; and ethics, 17; as structural evil, 65; as structural sin, 59; as structural violence, 72; and worship, 265–66. See also environmental racism

Rasmussen, Larry, 47n43, 110n29, 135nn16–17, 232n4, 238n95, 247, 268n16

Rawls, John, 180

repentance/repent, 6, 14, 57, 60–61, 64, 77, 131, 253, 263, 301

Rerum Novarum, 180

resistance, 39, 62, 65–66, 74, 117, 141, 155, 241, 242–43, 244, 253, 255, 263, 267, 271–99

resurrection, 55, 147, 154–56, 301

Richter, Judith, 295, 297n25, 298n31, 298n35, 298n39

Robb, Carol, 234n46

ruach, 148–51

Sainath, P., 190, 192

Sakenfeld, Katherine Dobb, 169, 194n11

Saliers, Don, 261, 269n37

salvation, 59–60, 79n27, 147, 155–56; of “otherkind,” xiv, 125, 199

Sarra, Janis, 217, 235n59

Sayre, Kenneth, 110n41, 233nn19–20, 259, 269n31, 269n33

Schubeck, Thomas, 183, 195n51

Scudder, Vida, 127, 130

A Sea Change (film), 78n12

seeds, 187–93, 250; cotton, 37, 50, 70, 187–93; genetically modified (GM), 69, 187–93; Monsanto and, 79n24, 98, 188–81, 216

Sideris, Lisa, 201, 232n7n8

sin: ecological, 59–60; moral challenges of, 64; original, 63; privatization of, 19, 58–59; structural, 14, 15, 19, 49, 57–65, 76–77, 92, 131, 155, 175, 260–62, 301

Sinden, Amy, 3, 20n4

sludge, 298n36

Sobrino, Jon, 24

Social Gospel, 180, 195n45, 230

Socially Responsible Investing (SRI), 11, 192–93, 252

Southern People’s Ecological Debt Creditor Alliance, 234n37

Spencer, Daniel, 21n22, 131, 233n21

Speth, James Gustave (Gus), 32, 46n18, 202, 233n9, 296n3

Srinivasan, U. Thara, 234n35

Strong, Douglas, 195n44

structural view of world, 64, 74, 77, 121, 126–28

structural violence theory, 71–77

subsidies: agricultural, 69, 190–93, 218; corporate, 291; fossil-fuel industries and, 135

suicide: farmer, 189–92, 196n61, 287; widow, 189

sustainability: problems with, 233

Sustainable Netherlands Action Plan, 212

Suzuki, David, 135n16

Swimme, Brian, 79n22, 135n16

Tamilnadu Theological Seminary, 266

tax: carbon tax, 207, 269n20, 291; financial transaction tax, 291–92, 299n49; progressive tax, 269n20, 291; regressive tax, 26; Tobin-like tax, 292, 299n54

terminator seed, 79n24

Thatamanil, John, 165

Thomas, Linda E., 49

Tillich, Paul, 38, 193, 206

tov, 54–56, 145, 301

Townes, Emilie, 65, 78n3, 79n37, 80n40, 263, 269n44

Toxic Wastes and Race, 36

Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), 292

triple bottom line, 117, 193, 196n66, 205, 207–8, 230, 233n31, 242, 250, 279, 281, 291

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, 21n17, 79n22, 135n16

uncreating (uncreator), 15, 19, 56, 77n24, 126, 1200, 243, 262, 272, 301

Union of Concerned Scientists, 139, 161n1

United for a Fair Economy, 20n7, 46n28, 265, 269n22

United Nations, 23, 139, 203, 269n18, 292

United Nations University’s World Institute for Development Economics Research, 32, 33

United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report, 36, 46n19, 46n21, 46n32, 47n35

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 211, 234nn39–40, 292

United Nations Global Compact, 286, 297n22

United Students Against Sweatshops, 117

violence: cultural, 73–78; direct, 73–78; ecological, 3, 13, 19–20, 60–65, 104, 116, 153, 187, 197, 242; economic, 13, 19–20, 41, 60–65, 77, 99, 104, 126, 128, 244, 253, 260, 263; indirect, 73; structural, 49, 65–68, 71–78

vision: critical, 18, 87, 89, 114, 121, 126, 131, 156, 222, 228, 245, 261; critical mystical, 14, 18–19, 113–15, 119, 132, 265; mystical, 132, 156

wage: campaign, 159, 252, 266; living, 94, 116–18, 159, 252, 266, 290; minimum, 158–59; ordinance, 290

Wallace, Mark, 165

Ward, Harry, 235n76, 236n78

Warning to Humanity, 45n11, 139, 161n1

waste: ban on trade of, 134, 276–77, 291; electronic (“e-waste”), 30, 276–77, 279; international hazardous, 27–30, 36–37, 134, 275–79, 298n36; toxic, 30, 37–38. See also Toxic Wastes and Race report

wealth gap, 2–4, 10–12, 205; in America, 4, 33–35, 298n42; global, 10, 32–35; racial, 4, 20–21n8, 48n27

Welker, Michael, 162n25

West, Cornel, 89, 109n15

West, Tracie, 110n26, 270n52

White, Allen, 236n87

white privilege, 62, 92, 269n24; and climate change, 36–38; and worship, 265–66. See also racism

white racism. See racism

Whitlock, Matthew, 166, 194n5

Williams, Daniel Day, 165, 194n1, 195n29

Wood, Ellen Meiksins, 236n78, 236n82

World Alliance of Reformed Churches, 20

World Charter for Nature, 203

World Council of Churches, 20, 21n27, 23, 24, 43, 210, 219, 234n37, 234n39, 235n61, 265, 284

World Social Forum, 246

worship, 20, 241, 253, 261–67

Wray, L. Randall, 45n9

Wright, Beverly, 78n13n14

Yen, Hope, 20n5

Yeskel, Felice, 235n72, 269nn20–21, 278n42, 299n51

Young, Iris Marion, 195n46

Zachariah, George, 21n13, 123, 135n15, 244, 268n9