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Copyright © 2022 by James R. Gaines
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First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition January 2022
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Interior design by Kyle Kabel
Front jacket photographs (left to right, top to bottom): Medgar Evers by Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images; Gerda Lerner courtesy of the Schlesinger Library, Harvard Radcliffe Institute; Operation Castle, Romeo courtesy of National Nuclear Security Administration/ Nevada Site Office; Professor Norbert Wiener by Alfred Eisenstaedt / The Life Picture Collection via Getty Images; Car by Found Image Holdings Inc/Getty Images; Pauli Murray by Everett Collection/ Bridgeman Images; Frank Kameny by Kay Tobin © NYPL; Family in backyard by H. Armstrong Roberts/ClassicStock /Getty Images; Harry Hay courtesy of ONE Archives at the USC Libraries; Rachel Carson by Science History Images/Alamy Stock Photo
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Gaines, James R., author. Title: The fifties : an underground history / James R. Gaines. Other titles: 1950s, an underground history Description: New York : Simon & Schuster, [2022] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021042303 | ISBN 9781439101636 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781439109915 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Gay rights—History. | Gay liberation movement—History. | Feminism—History. | History—20th century. Classification: LCC HQ76.5 .G35 2022 | DDC 306.0973/0904—dc23/eng/20211108 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021042303
ISBN 978-1-4391-0163-6
ISBN 978-1-4391-0991-5 (ebook)